WO2011013657A1 - 化合物半導体の製造方法および光電変換装置の製造方法ならびに半導体形成用溶液 - Google Patents
化合物半導体の製造方法および光電変換装置の製造方法ならびに半導体形成用溶液 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011013657A1 WO2011013657A1 PCT/JP2010/062604 JP2010062604W WO2011013657A1 WO 2011013657 A1 WO2011013657 A1 WO 2011013657A1 JP 2010062604 W JP2010062604 W JP 2010062604W WO 2011013657 A1 WO2011013657 A1 WO 2011013657A1
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
- H01L31/0256—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by the material
- H01L31/0264—Inorganic materials
- H01L31/032—Inorganic materials including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only compounds not provided for in groups H01L31/0272 - H01L31/0312
- H01L31/0322—Inorganic materials including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only compounds not provided for in groups H01L31/0272 - H01L31/0312 comprising only AIBIIICVI chalcopyrite compounds, e.g. Cu In Se2, Cu Ga Se2, Cu In Ga Se2
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02436—Intermediate layers between substrates and deposited layers
- H01L21/02439—Materials
- H01L21/02491—Conductive materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02518—Deposited layers
- H01L21/02521—Materials
- H01L21/02568—Chalcogenide semiconducting materials not being oxides, e.g. ternary compounds
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02612—Formation types
- H01L21/02617—Deposition types
- H01L21/02623—Liquid deposition
- H01L21/02628—Liquid deposition using solutions
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/0445—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells including thin film solar cells, e.g. single thin film a-Si, CIS or CdTe solar cells
- H01L31/046—PV modules composed of a plurality of thin film solar cells deposited on the same substrate
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/541—CuInSe2 material PV cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a compound semiconductor, a method for producing a photoelectric conversion device including the compound semiconductor, and a semiconductor forming solution for forming the compound semiconductor.
- a photoelectric conversion device including a light absorption layer made of a compound semiconductor.
- a compound semiconductor a chalcopyrite I-III-VI group compound semiconductor such as CIGS is used.
- a first electrode layer made of Mo for example, is formed on a substrate made of soda lime glass, and a light absorption layer made of a compound semiconductor is formed on the first electrode layer.
- a transparent second electrode layer made of ZnO or the like is formed on the light absorption layer via a buffer layer made of ZnS or CdS.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for obtaining a compound semiconductor by applying a raw material solution.
- a metal chalcogenide such as Cu 2 S is first dissolved in hydrazine (N 2 H 4 ) to form a metal hydrazinium precursor solution. And after apply
- membrane is obtained by heat-processing this membrane
- the dissolution concentration of the raw material is limited to about 1% by mass, and the solution for forming a film has a low viscosity. Therefore, it is difficult to satisfactorily form a film of about several ⁇ m on the electrode layer by a simple method such as a blade method. Therefore, in order to obtain a compound semiconductor having a desired thickness, it is necessary to apply the raw material solution many times, and the process becomes complicated. Further, when a raw material solution is applied many times to form a compound semiconductor, the heat treatment state in each layer is different, and stress is generated between the layers, so that the compound semiconductor is likely to be cracked.
- the method for manufacturing a compound semiconductor according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps.
- a metal raw material containing at least one of a group IB element and a group III-B element is dissolved in a metal state in a mixed solvent containing a chalcogen element-containing organic compound and a Lewis basic organic compound to form a semiconductor.
- This is a step of producing a forming solution.
- the second step is a step of producing a film using the semiconductor forming solution.
- the third step is a step of heat-treating the film.
- a method for manufacturing a photoelectric conversion device includes the following steps.
- a metal raw material containing at least one of a group IB element and a group III-B element is dissolved in a metal state in a mixed solvent containing a chalcogen element-containing organic compound and a Lewis basic organic compound to form a semiconductor.
- This is a step of producing a forming solution.
- the second step is a step of producing a film by applying the semiconductor forming solution on the electrode.
- the third step is a step of producing a compound semiconductor by heat-treating the film.
- the fourth step is a step of manufacturing a second semiconductor having a conductivity type different from that of the compound semiconductor on the compound semiconductor.
- a solution for forming a semiconductor according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a metal raw material containing at least one of a group IB element and a group III-B element in a mixed solvent containing a chalcogen element-containing organic compound and a Lewis basic organic compound. Dissolved in a metal state.
- FIG. 1 It is a perspective view which shows an example of embodiment of the photoelectric conversion apparatus produced using the manufacturing method of the compound semiconductor concerning one Embodiment of this invention, and the manufacturing method of the photoelectric conversion apparatus concerning one Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the photoelectric conversion apparatus of FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the other example of embodiment of the photoelectric conversion apparatus produced using the manufacturing method of the compound semiconductor concerning one Embodiment of this invention, and the manufacturing method of the photoelectric conversion apparatus concerning one Embodiment of this invention. .
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of an embodiment of a photoelectric conversion device manufactured using a method for manufacturing a compound semiconductor according to an embodiment of the present invention and a method for manufacturing a photoelectric conversion device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a sectional view thereof.
- FIG. 3 shows another example of the embodiment of the photoelectric conversion device manufactured using the method for manufacturing the compound semiconductor according to the embodiment of the present invention and the method for manufacturing the photoelectric conversion device according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 to 3 the same reference numerals are given to the same components.
- the photoelectric conversion device 10 includes a substrate 1, a first electrode layer 2, a light absorption layer 3, a buffer layer 4, and a second electrode layer 5.
- the photoelectric conversion device 10 in the present embodiment shows a device in which light is incident from the second electrode layer 5 side, the present invention is not limited thereto, and light may be incident from the substrate 1 side. .
- the photoelectric conversion device 10 includes a third electrode layer 6 provided on the substrate 1 side of the light absorption layer 3 so as to be separated from the first electrode layer 2.
- the second electrode layer 5 and the third electrode layer 6 are electrically connected by a connection conductor 7 provided in the light absorption layer 3.
- the third electrode layer 6 is integrated with the first electrode layer 2 of the adjacent photoelectric conversion device 10. With this configuration, adjacent photoelectric conversion devices 10 are connected in series.
- the connection conductor 7 is provided so as to divide the light absorption layer 3 and the buffer layer 4, and is sandwiched between the first electrode layer 2 and the second electrode layer 5.
- the light absorption layer 3 and the buffer layer 4 perform photoelectric conversion.
- the substrate 1 is for supporting the photoelectric conversion device 10.
- Examples of the material used for the substrate 1 include glass, ceramics, resin, and metal.
- the first electrode layer 2 and the third electrode layer 6 are made of a conductor such as Mo, Al, Ti, or Au, and are formed on the substrate 1 by a sputtering method or a vapor deposition method.
- the light absorption layer 3 is a layer mainly composed of a chalcopyrite (also referred to as CIS) I-III-VI group compound semiconductor.
- the group I-III-VI compound is a group IB element (in this specification, the name of the group follows the short period type periodic table. Note that the group IB element is a long period type periodic table of IUPAC. And a group III-B element (also referred to as group 13 element) and a group VI-B element (also referred to as group 16 element).
- the I-III-VI group compound semiconductor include Cu (In, Ga) Se 2 (also referred to as CIGS), Cu (In, Ga) (Se, S) 2 (also referred to as CIGSS), and CuInS 2 (CIS). Also).
- Cu (In, Ga) Se 2 refers to a compound mainly composed of Cu, In, Ga, and Se.
- Cu (In, Ga) (Se, S) 2 refers to a compound mainly composed of Cu, In, Ga, Se,
- the manufacturing method of the light absorption layer 3 includes the following first to third steps.
- a mixed solvent containing a chalcogen element-containing organic compound and a Lewis basic organic compound hereinafter, a mixed solvent containing a chalcogen element-containing organic compound and a Lewis basic organic compound is also simply referred to as a mixed solvent So
- a metal raw material containing at least one of a group IB element and a group III-B element is dissolved in a metal state to produce a semiconductor forming solution.
- the second step is a step of producing a film using the semiconductor forming solution.
- the third step is a step of heat-treating the film to make a group I-III-VI compound semiconductor.
- the chalcogen element-containing organic compound is an organic compound containing a chalcogen element.
- the chalcogen element refers to S, Se, and Te among VI-B group elements.
- examples of the chalcogen element-containing organic compound include thiol, sulfide, disulfide, thiophene, sulfoxide, sulfone, thioketone, sulfonic acid, sulfonic acid ester, and sulfonic acid amide.
- thiol, sulfide, disulfide and the like can be used from the viewpoint of improving the coating property.
- thiophenol, diphenyl sulfide, etc. and derivatives thereof are mentioned, for example.
- examples of the chalcogen element-containing organic compound include selenol, selenide, diselenide, selenoxide, and selenone.
- a metal solution can be satisfactorily produced by forming a complex with a metal
- serer, selenide, diselenide and the like can be used.
- those having a phenyl group can be used from the viewpoint of improving the coating property. Examples of those having such a phenyl group include benzene selenol, phenyl selenide, diphenyl diselenide and the like and derivatives thereof.
- examples of the chalcogen element-containing organic compound include tellurol, telluride, ditelluride, and derivatives thereof.
- Lewis basic organic compound is an organic compound having a functional group having an unshared electron pair.
- a functional group having a VB group element having an unshared electron pair also referred to as a Group 15 element
- a functional group having a VI-B group element having an unshared electron pair is used. be able to.
- an amino group any of primary amine to tertiary amine
- a carbonyl group a cyano group and the like can be mentioned.
- Lewis basic organic compounds include pyridine, aniline, triphenylphosphine, 2,4-pentanedione, 3-methyl-2,4-pentanedione, triethylamine, triethanolamine, acetonitrile, benzyl, benzoin, etc. And derivatives thereof. From the viewpoint of handleability, those that are liquid at room temperature, which are generally used as organic solvents, can be used. In particular, from the viewpoint of improving the coating property, those having a boiling point of 100 ° C. or higher can be used.
- a metal raw material containing at least one of a group IB metal and a group III-B metal is obtained.
- a solution for forming a semiconductor having a high concentration by directly dissolving in a metal state (a high concentration is a total of raw materials of a group I-III-VI compound semiconductor, for example, a total concentration of a group IB metal and a group III-B metal, Alternatively, the total concentration of the group IB metal, group III-B metal and group VI-B element is 5% by mass or more, preferably 10% by mass or more).
- the solubility can be greatly improved as compared with the case where only the chalcogen element-containing organic compound or only the Lewis basic organic compound is used.
- Such a high-concentration solution becomes a relatively high viscosity coating solution suitable for coating by a simple method such as a blade method. Therefore, by forming a film using this coating solution, a relatively thick and good film can be obtained even by a single application, and as a result, a compound semiconductor having a desired thickness can be easily and satisfactorily produced. it can.
- a coating solution can be prepared without using water, and by using such a non-aqueous coating solution, oxidation of the raw material metal can be reduced, which is favorable.
- a compound semiconductor can be manufactured.
- the semiconductor forming solution may be directly dissolved in the mixed solvent So in a state where at least one of the group IB metal and the group III-B metal is a metal.
- the solubility can be increased. Therefore, even if any one of the group IB metal and the group III-B metal is dissolved in a state such as an inorganic salt or an organic salt, The raw material concentration can be increased. Further, a solution having a higher concentration can be prepared by dissolving both the Group IB metal and the Group III-B metal directly in the mixed solvent So in the metal state. Further, when the group IB metal or the group III-B metal is composed of a plurality of metal elements, any metal element may be directly dissolved in the mixed solvent So in the metal state. In the following embodiment, an example will be shown in which all of the metal raw materials containing a group IB metal and a group III-B metal are directly dissolved in a mixed solvent So in a metal state.
- the mixed solvent So may be a combination of compounds that become liquid at room temperature from the viewpoint of handleability.
- the chalcogen element-containing organic compound may be 100 to 150 mol% with respect to the Lewis basic organic compound.
- the Group IB metal and the Group III-B metal can be dissolved satisfactorily to obtain a solution in which the raw material of the Group I-III-VI compound semiconductor is 10% by mass or more.
- the step of preparing the semiconductor forming solution there is a step of dissolving the group IB element metal and the group III-B element metal simultaneously or sequentially in the mixed solvent So. That is, the metal of the group IB element and the metal of the group III-B element are added simultaneously or sequentially into one mixed solvent So to be dissolved.
- the Group IB metal and the Group III-B metal which are the raw materials for the Group I-III-VI compound semiconductor, can be dissolved at a time in one mixed solvent So, and the process can be simplified.
- the step of producing a semiconductor forming solution there is a step of dissolving an alloy of a group IB element and a group III-B element in a mixed solvent So.
- the IB group metal and the III-B group metal which are the raw materials of the I-III-VI group compound semiconductor, can be dissolved at a time in one mixed solvent So, and the process can be simplified.
- Such a process includes a step of preparing a group IB metal solution by dissolving a group IB element in a metal state in a part of the mixed solvent So, and a group III-B element in another mixed solvent So. In a metal state to prepare a group III-B metal solution, and a step of mixing the group IB metal solution and the group III-B metal solution.
- the raw materials can be easily dissolved at a high concentration, and a solution for forming a compound semiconductor suitable for coating can be obtained.
- the group IB metal as the metal dissolved in the mixed solvent So can be copper or silver.
- the group IB metal may be one element or two or more elements. In the case of two or more elements, these alloys may be used.
- gallium or indium can be used as the group III-B metal as the metal dissolved in the mixed solvent So.
- the group III-B metal may be one element or two or more elements. In the case of two or more elements, these alloys may be used.
- the IB group metal and the III-B group metal are directly dissolved in the mixed solvent So in the metal state because the IB group metal and the III-B metal are in the metal salt or metal complex state. Instead, it refers to mixing and dissolving directly in the mixed solvent So in the state of a single metal ingot or alloy ingot.
- the bullion of a single metal or an alloy is temporarily changed to another compound (for example, an inorganic metal salt such as chloride, an organic acid salt, or an organic complex) and then dissolved in a solvent.
- another compound for example, an inorganic metal salt such as chloride, an organic acid salt, or an organic complex
- the inclusion of impurities other than the elements constituting the I-III-VI group compound semiconductor can be reduced, and the purity can be increased and the crystallization of the I-III-VI group compound semiconductor can be promoted.
- combining a metal chalcogenide is unnecessary, and a process can be simplified.
- the chalcogen element-containing organic compound and the group IB metal element may be favorably bonded by a chemical bond such as a coordination bond.
- the chalcogen element-containing organic compound and the III-B group metal element may be favorably bonded by a chemical bond such as a coordination bond.
- the chalcogen element-containing organic compound and the Lewis basic organic compound may be favorably bonded by a chemical bond such as a coordination bond.
- Chemical bonds between chalcogen element-containing organic compounds and group IB metal elements, chemical bonds between chalcogen element-containing organic compounds and group III-B metal elements, and chemical bonds between chalcogen element-containing organic compounds and Lewis basic organic compounds are: For example, it can be confirmed by NMR method. According to this method, the chemical bond between the chalcogen element-containing organic compound and the group IB metal element can be detected as a peak shift in multinuclear NMR of the chalcogen element. Further, the chemical bond between the chalcogen element-containing organic compound and the III-B group metal element can be detected as a peak shift of multinuclear NMR of the chalcogen element.
- the chemical bond between the chalcogen element-containing organic compound and the Lewis basic organic compound can be detected as a peak shift derived from the Lewis basic organic compound.
- the number of moles of chemical bonds between the chalcogen element-containing organic compound and the Group IB metal element is in the range of 0.1 to 10 times the number of moles of chemical bonds between the chalcogen element-containing organic compound and the Lewis basic organic compound. be able to.
- the number of moles of chemical bonds between the chalcogen element-containing organic compound and the III-B group metal element is in the range of 0.1 to 10 times the number of moles of chemical bonds between the chalcogen element-containing organic compound and the Lewis basic organic compound. It can be.
- the step (first step) of preparing the above-mentioned solution for forming a semiconductor includes a VI-B group simple substance composed of a chalcogen element such as sulfur or selenium in addition to a group IB metal and a group III-B metal.
- a step of directly dissolving may be included.
- the chalcogen element-containing organic compound used in the semiconductor forming solution is mixed with the Lewis basic organic compound to constitute the mixed solvent So, and the Group IB metal and the Group III-B metal are dissolved as one component of the mixed solvent So. However, it becomes a VI-B group element constituting the I-III-VI group compound semiconductor by heat treatment.
- this VI-B group element may decrease due to vaporization or the like, and in order to compensate for this, the VI-B group simple substance may be dissolved separately. As a result, an I-III-VI group compound semiconductor with good photoelectric conversion efficiency can be formed. Even in the case of including such a step of directly dissolving the group VI-B simple substance, by using the mixed solvent So, the total weight concentration of the group IB metal, the group III-B metal and the group VI-B simple substance is 10 It can be made to be at least mass%.
- the step of directly dissolving the group VI-B simple substance is to mix the group VI-B simple substance with the group IB metal and the group III-B metal, and dissolve the mixture in the mixed solvent So. Also good.
- the VI-B group simple substance may be prepared by directly dissolving the VI-B group simple substance in the mixed solvent So and added to the group IB metal solution and the group III-B metal solution. .
- a second step which is a step of producing a film using the semiconductor forming solution.
- a process for producing the film (second process) a process for forming the film by coating the produced solution for forming a semiconductor on the first electrode layer 2 as it is.
- the process can be simplified by using the semiconductor-forming solution thus produced as it is as a coating-forming coating solution.
- Such steps include a step of adding a low-polarity solvent having a polarity lower than that of the Lewis basic organic compound to the semiconductor forming solution to form a precipitate, and this precipitate is removed from an organic solvent (hereinafter referred to as a precipitate).
- impurities can be further removed when the precipitate is formed, and impurities can be further reduced from being mixed into the film.
- the precipitate produced by adding the low-polarity solvent is deposited as a group in which the group IB metal, the group III-B metal, and the chalcogen element-containing organic compound are bonded to each other.
- the low polarity solvent for generating the precipitate may be a solvent having a lower polarity than the Lewis basic organic compound, and a nonpolar organic solvent such as hexane, heptane, carbon tetrachloride, or benzene may be used. it can.
- the coating solution solvent for dissolving the precipitate to form a coating solution may be the mixed solvent So or other polar solvent. Examples of the solvent for the coating solution include pyridine and aniline.
- the above-described coating is formed by applying the semiconductor forming solution or the coating solution onto the surface of the first electrode layer 2 using a spin coater, screen printing, dipping, spraying, or a die coater, and drying. Is done by. Drying can be performed in a reducing atmosphere. The drying temperature is 50 to 300 ° C., for example. In this drying, the organic component may be thermally decomposed.
- the film is then heat-treated to produce a 1.0-2.5 ⁇ m I-III-VI group compound semiconductor.
- the heat treatment may be performed in a reducing atmosphere in order to prevent oxidation and to obtain a good I-III-VI group compound semiconductor.
- a reducing atmosphere in the heat treatment any one of a nitrogen atmosphere, a forming gas atmosphere, and a hydrogen atmosphere can be used.
- the heat treatment temperature is, for example, 400 ° C. to 600 ° C.
- the group IB metal and the group III-B metal in the film can react with the chalcogen element in the chalcogen element-containing organic compound to form the group I-III-VI compound semiconductor.
- the VI-B group element is separately dissolved in the semiconductor forming solution
- the group IB metal and the group III-B metal also react with the separately dissolved group VI-B element to form I- III-VI compound semiconductors can be formed.
- the gas containing a chalcogen element in the reducing atmosphere at the time of the heat processing of the said film
- the IB group metal and the III-B group metal in the film can also react with the chalcogen element in the reducing atmosphere, and the I-III-VI group compound semiconductor can be more satisfactorily produced.
- the gas containing a chalcogen element to be mixed in the reducing atmosphere include S vapor, Se vapor, H 2 S, and H 2 Se.
- the photoelectric conversion device 10 By stacking a second semiconductor having a conductivity type different from that of the light absorption layer 3 on the I-III-VI group compound semiconductor (light absorption layer 3), the photoelectric conversion device 10 can be obtained.
- the light absorption layer 3 having a desired thickness can be easily and satisfactorily produced. Therefore, the second semiconductor layer is laminated on the light absorption layer 3.
- the photoelectric conversion device 10 having high photoelectric conversion efficiency can be easily manufactured.
- the second semiconductor has a conductivity type different from that of the light absorption layer 3, and the electric charge generated by the light irradiation between the light absorption layer 3 and the second semiconductor can be well separated to obtain electric power.
- the second semiconductor is an n-type semiconductor.
- another layer may be interposed at the interface between the light absorption layer 3 and the second semiconductor. Examples of such other layers include an i-type semiconductor layer and a buffer layer that forms a heterojunction with the light absorption layer 3.
- the buffer layer 4 is provided on the light absorption layer 3, and the buffer layer 4 functions as a buffer layer that performs a heterojunction with the light absorption layer 3 and has a different conductivity from the light absorption layer 3. It also functions as a semiconductor layer having a mold.
- the buffer layer 4 can be a layer having a resistivity of 1 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more from the viewpoint of reducing leakage current.
- Examples of the buffer layer 4 include CdS, ZnS, ZnO, In 2 Se 3 , In (OH, S), (Zn, In) (Se, OH), and (Zn, Mg) O. It is formed by a position (CBD) method or the like.
- In (OH, S) refers to a compound mainly composed of In, OH, and S.
- (Zn, In) (Se, OH) refers to a compound mainly composed of Zn, In, Se, and OH.
- (Zn, Mg) O refers to a compound mainly composed of Zn, Mg and O.
- the buffer layer 4 preferably has a light transmittance with respect to the wavelength region of light absorbed by the light absorption layer 3.
- the buffer layer 4 has a thickness of 10 to 200 nm, and may be 100 nm or more. Thereby, the fall of the photoelectric conversion efficiency in high-temperature, high-humidity conditions can be reduced especially effectively.
- the second electrode layer 5 is a 0.05 to 3.0 ⁇ m transparent conductive film such as ITO or ZnO.
- the second electrode layer 5 is formed by sputtering, vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), or the like.
- the second electrode layer 5 is a layer having a resistivity lower than that of the buffer layer 4, and is for taking out charges generated in the light absorption layer 3. From the viewpoint of taking out charges well, the resistivity of the second electrode layer 5 may be less than 1 ⁇ ⁇ cm and the sheet resistance may be 50 ⁇ / ⁇ or less.
- the second electrode layer 5 preferably has a light-transmitting property with respect to the absorption light of the light absorption layer 3 in order to increase the absorption efficiency of the light absorption layer 3.
- the second electrode layer 5 has a thickness of 0.05 to 0.5 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of enhancing the light transmittance and at the same time enhancing the light reflection loss preventing effect and the light scattering effect, and further transmitting the current generated by the photoelectric conversion. It can be a thickness. Further, from the viewpoint of preventing light reflection loss at the interface between the second electrode layer 5 and the buffer layer 4, the refractive indexes of the second electrode layer 5 and the buffer layer 4 may be made equal.
- a portion where the buffer layer 4 and the second electrode layer 5 are combined, that is, a portion sandwiched between the light absorption layer 3 and the collector electrode 8 contains a III-VI group compound as a main component. But you can. Thereby, moisture resistance can be improved.
- the III-VI group compound as a main component means that among the compounds constituting the combined portion of the buffer layer 4 and the second electrode layer 5, a III-VI group compound (a plurality of types of III- When there is a VI group compound, the sum) is 50 mol% or more, and further 80 mol% or more. From the viewpoint of further improving the moisture resistance of the photoelectric conversion device 10, among the metal elements constituting the combined portion of the buffer layer 4 and the second electrode layer 5, the Zn element is 50 atomic% or less, It can be 20 atomic% or less.
- a plurality of photoelectric conversion devices 10 can be arranged and electrically connected to form a photoelectric conversion module.
- the photoelectric conversion device 10 is separated from the first electrode layer 2 on the substrate 1 side of the light absorption layer 3.
- the third electrode layer 6 is provided.
- the second electrode layer 5 and the third electrode layer 6 are electrically connected by a connection conductor 7 provided in the light absorption layer 3.
- connection conductor 7 is made of a material having a lower electrical resistivity than the light absorption layer 3.
- a connection conductor 7 can be formed, for example, by forming a groove penetrating the light absorption layer 3 and the buffer layer 4 and forming a conductor in the groove.
- the connection electrode 7 can be formed by forming the second electrode layer 5 also in the groove. (See FIGS. 1 and 2). Further, the connection conductor 7 may be formed by filling the groove with a conductive paste (see FIG. 3). In FIG.
- connection conductor 7 is formed by filling the conductive paste in the grooves penetrating the light absorption layer 3 and the buffer layer 4.
- the groove can be formed by modifying the light absorption layer 3 and part of the buffer layer 4 to lower the electric resistivity without forming the groove as described above.
- a collecting electrode 8 may be formed on the second electrode layer 5.
- the collecting electrode 8 is for reducing the electric resistance of the second electrode layer 5.
- the thickness of the second electrode layer 5 may be made as thin as possible, but if it is thin, the conductivity tends to decrease. Therefore, by providing the current collecting electrode 8 on the second electrode layer 5, the current generated in the light absorption layer 3 can be taken out efficiently. As a result, the power generation efficiency of the photoelectric conversion device 10 can be increased.
- the current collecting electrode 8 is formed in a linear shape from one end of the photoelectric conversion device 10 to the connection conductor 7. Thereby, the current generated by the photoelectric conversion of the light absorption layer 3 is collected to the current collecting electrode 8 via the second electrode layer 5, and this is favorably applied to the adjacent photoelectric conversion device 10 via the connection conductor 7. It can conduct electricity.
- the current collecting electrode 8 may have a width of 50 to 400 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of reducing light shielding to the light absorption layer 3 and having good conductivity.
- the current collecting electrode 8 may have a plurality of branched portions.
- the current collecting electrode 8 can be formed, for example, by printing a metal paste in which a metal powder such as Ag is dispersed in a resin binder or the like in a pattern and curing it.
- the compound semiconductor manufacturing method and the photoelectric conversion device manufacturing method according to the embodiment of the present invention were evaluated as follows.
- Benzene selenol was dissolved in pyridine so as to be 100 mol% to prepare a mixed solvent So. Next, copper, indium, gallium and selenium are directly dissolved in the mixed solvent So, and copper, indium, gallium and selenium are dissolved in the mixed solvent So, respectively.
- the sample solution was prepared so that it might become 3.3 mass%, 3.2 mass%, 1.3 mass%, and 7.2 mass% (the total concentration of copper, indium, gallium and selenium is 14.0 mass%).
- a substrate 1 having a first electrode layer 2 made of Mo formed on the surface was prepared, and the sample solution was applied by a blade method and dried to form a film. After a total of two coatings by the blade method, heat treatment was performed in an atmosphere of hydrogen gas. The heat treatment was performed by raising the temperature to 525 ° C. over 5 minutes and holding at 525 ° C. for 1 hour, followed by natural cooling to produce a CIGS compound semiconductor layer as a sample having a thickness of 2 ⁇ m.
- a CIGS compound semiconductor layer as a comparative example was produced as follows. First, copper selenide, indium selenide, and gallium selenide were dissolved in hydrazine until the solubility limit was reached. At this time, a comparative solution having a total concentration of copper, indium, gallium and selenium of 0.5% by mass was prepared.
- a substrate with a first electrode layer made of Mo formed on the surface was prepared, and the comparative solution was applied by the blade method and dried to form a film. After a total of 10 coatings by this blade method, heat treatment was performed in an atmosphere of hydrogen gas. The heat treatment was carried out by raising the temperature to 525 ° C. over 5 minutes and holding at 525 ° C. for 1 hour, followed by natural cooling to produce a CIGS compound semiconductor layer having a thickness of 2 ⁇ m as a comparative example.
- the CIGS compound semiconductor layer as a sample produced by the method for producing a compound according to the embodiment of the present invention can increase the raw material concentration of the sample solution, the thickness of the desired 2 ⁇ m can be obtained only by applying the blade method twice. Can have. Furthermore, when the produced compound semiconductor layer was observed, generation
- the CIGS compound semiconductor layer as a comparative example has a limit in the raw material concentration of the comparative solution and cannot be increased in concentration, the thickness of the film after drying is reduced. Therefore, in the comparative example, in order to form the same 2 ⁇ m-thickness as the CIGS compound semiconductor layer as a sample, it was necessary to perform coating by the blade method 10 times, and the process became complicated. Moreover, when the produced compound semiconductor layer as a comparative example was observed, it was found that cracks occurred.
- a photoelectric conversion device was produced as follows.
- Cadmium acetate and thiourea were dissolved in ammonia, and the substrate 1 on which the above compound semiconductor layer was formed was immersed therein to form a buffer layer 4 made of CdS having a thickness of 50 nm on the compound semiconductor layer. Further, a transparent second electrode layer 5 made of an Al-doped zinc oxide film was formed on the buffer layer 4 by sputtering. Finally, an aluminum electrode (extraction electrode) was formed by vapor deposition to produce the photoelectric conversion device 10.
- the photoelectric conversion efficiency was measured.
- photoelectric conversion efficiency what is called a stationary light solar simulator is used, and the irradiation intensity of the light with respect to the light-receiving surface of the photoelectric conversion apparatus 10 is 100 mW / cm ⁇ 2 >, and AM (air mass) is 1.5. The conversion efficiency was measured.
- the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photoelectric conversion device as a comparative example was 8%, whereas the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photoelectric conversion device as a sample was 12%, which was found to be excellent.
- Substrate 2 First electrode layer 3: Light absorption layer 4: Buffer layer 5: Second electrode layer 6: Third electrode layer 7: Connection conductor 8: Current collecting electrode 10: Photoelectric conversion device
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Abstract
Description
2:第1の電極層
3:光吸収層
4:バッファ層
5:第2の電極層
6:第3の電極層
7:接続導体
8:集電電極
10:光電変換装置
Claims (11)
- カルコゲン元素含有有機化合物およびルイス塩基性有機化合物を含む混合溶媒に、I-B族元素およびIII-B族元素の少なくとも一方を含む金属原料を金属の状態で溶解させて半導体形成用溶液を作製する工程と、
該半導体形成用溶液を用いて皮膜を作製する工程と、
該皮膜を熱処理する工程と
を具備することを特徴とする化合物半導体の製造方法。 - 前記混合溶媒中で、前記カルコゲン元素含有有機化合物を、前記ルイス塩基性有機化合物および前記金属原料と化学結合させる、請求項1に記載の化合物半導体の製造方法。
- 前記金属原料はI-B族元素およびIII-B族元素を含んでおり、前記半導体形成用溶液を作製する工程は、前記混合溶媒に前記I-B族元素の金属および前記III-B族元素の金属を溶解させる工程を含む、請求項1に記載の化合物半導体の製造方法。
- 前記金属原料はI-B族元素およびIII-B族元素を含んでおり、前記半導体形成用溶液を作製する工程は、前記混合溶媒に前記I-B族元素と前記III-B族元素との合金を溶解させる工程を含む、請求項1に記載の化合物半導体の製造方法。
- 前記金属原料はI-B族元素およびIII-B族元素を含んでおり、
前記半導体形成用溶液を作製する工程は、
前記混合溶媒に前記I-B族元素の金属を溶解させてI-B族金属溶液を作製する工程と、
前記混合溶媒に前記III-B族元素の金属を溶解させてIII-B族金属溶液を作製する工程と、
前記I-B族金属溶液および前記III-B族金属溶液を混合する工程と
を含む、請求項1に記載の化合物半導体の製造方法。 - 前記半導体形成用溶液を作製する工程は、前記混合溶媒にさらにVI-B族元素を単体の状態で溶解させる工程を含む、請求項1記載の化合物半導体の製造方法。
- 前記皮膜を作製する工程は、前記半導体形成用溶液を塗布して皮膜を形成する工程を含む、請求項1記載の化合物半導体の製造方法。
- 前記皮膜を作製する工程は、
前記半導体形成用溶液に前記ルイス塩基性有機化合物よりも極性の低い低極性溶媒を加えて沈殿物を生じさせる工程と、
該沈殿物を有機溶媒に溶解させて塗布液を作製する工程と、
該塗布液を塗布して皮膜を形成する工程と
を含む、請求項1記載の化合物半導体の製造方法。 - カルコゲン元素含有有機化合物およびルイス塩基性有機化合物を含む混合溶媒に、I-B族元素およびIII-B族元素の少なくとも一方を含む金属原料を金属の状態で溶解させて半導体形成用溶液を作製する工程と、
該半導体形成用溶液を電極上に塗布して皮膜を作製する工程と、
該皮膜を熱処理して化合物半導体にする工程と、
該化合物半導体上に該化合物半導体とは異なる導電型の第2の半導体を作製する工程と
を具備することを特徴とする光電変換装置の製造方法。 - カルコゲン元素含有有機化合物およびルイス塩基性有機化合物を含む混合溶媒と、該混合溶媒に金属の状態で溶解された、I-B族元素およびIII-B族元素の少なくとも一方を含む金属原料とを有する半導体形成用溶液。
- 前記混合溶媒中で、前記カルコゲン元素含有有機化合物は、前記ルイス塩基性有機化合物および前記金属原料と化学結合している、請求項10に記載の半導体形成用溶液。
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CN201080012699.3A CN102362339B (zh) | 2009-07-30 | 2010-07-27 | 化合物半导体的制造方法、光电转换装置的制造方法以及半导体形成用溶液 |
US13/320,895 US9023680B2 (en) | 2009-07-30 | 2010-07-27 | Method for producing compound semiconductor, method for manufacturing photoelectric conversion device, and solution for forming semiconductor |
JP2010546972A JP5340314B2 (ja) | 2009-07-30 | 2010-07-27 | 化合物半導体の製造方法および光電変換装置の製造方法ならびに半導体形成用溶液 |
EP10804403.3A EP2461355A4 (en) | 2009-07-30 | 2010-07-27 | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION DEVICE, AND SOLUTION FOR PRODUCING SEMICONDUCTOR |
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JP2012146943A (ja) * | 2010-12-24 | 2012-08-02 | Kyocera Corp | 半導体層の製造方法および光電変換装置の製造方法 |
JP2012151430A (ja) * | 2010-12-27 | 2012-08-09 | Kyocera Corp | 光電変換装置の製造方法 |
WO2012114879A1 (ja) * | 2011-02-25 | 2012-08-30 | 京セラ株式会社 | 半導体層の製造方法および光電変換装置の製造方法 |
JP2012227377A (ja) * | 2011-04-20 | 2012-11-15 | Kyocera Corp | 半導体層の製造方法および光電変換装置の製造方法 |
WO2013002057A1 (ja) * | 2011-06-27 | 2013-01-03 | 京セラ株式会社 | 半導体層の製造方法、光電変換装置の製造方法および半導体原料 |
JP2013021231A (ja) * | 2011-07-13 | 2013-01-31 | Kyocera Corp | 半導体層の製造方法および光電変換装置の製造方法 |
JP2013026541A (ja) * | 2011-07-25 | 2013-02-04 | Kyocera Corp | 半導体層の製造方法、光電変換装置の製造方法および半導体層形成用液 |
JP2014522296A (ja) * | 2011-05-06 | 2014-09-04 | コミサリア ア レネルジー アトミック エ オ ゼネルジー アルテルナティブ | 銅及びインジウムを基剤とするインクをナイフコーティングする装置及び方法 |
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CN105308760B (zh) * | 2013-06-03 | 2019-06-18 | 东京应化工业株式会社 | 络合物溶液、光吸收层及太阳能电池的制造方法 |
DE102020108334A1 (de) | 2020-03-26 | 2021-09-30 | Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Stapelsolarzellenmodul und Verfahren zur Herstellung des Stapelsolarzellenmoduls |
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JP5340314B2 (ja) | 2013-11-13 |
US9023680B2 (en) | 2015-05-05 |
EP2461355A4 (en) | 2016-05-04 |
US20120070937A1 (en) | 2012-03-22 |
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CN102362339B (zh) | 2014-03-26 |
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