WO2010113399A1 - 窒化物系半導体素子およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
窒化物系半導体素子およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/36—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the electrodes
- H01L33/40—Materials therefor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/40—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/43—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed
- H01L29/45—Ohmic electrodes
- H01L29/452—Ohmic electrodes on AIII-BV compounds
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/005—Processes
- H01L33/0095—Post-treatment of devices, e.g. annealing, recrystallisation or short-circuit elimination
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/16—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a particular crystal structure or orientation, e.g. polycrystalline, amorphous or porous
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/12—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed
- H01L29/20—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only AIIIBV compounds
- H01L29/2003—Nitride compounds
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2933/00—Details relating to devices covered by the group H01L33/00 but not provided for in its subgroups
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- H01L2933/0016—Processes relating to electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/26—Materials of the light emitting region
- H01L33/30—Materials of the light emitting region containing only elements of Group III and Group V of the Periodic Table
- H01L33/32—Materials of the light emitting region containing only elements of Group III and Group V of the Periodic Table containing nitrogen
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a nitride semiconductor device and a method for manufacturing the same.
- the present invention relates to a GaN-based semiconductor light-emitting element such as a light-emitting diode and a laser diode in the wavelength range of the visible range such as ultraviolet to blue, green, orange and white.
- a GaN-based semiconductor light-emitting element such as a light-emitting diode and a laser diode in the wavelength range of the visible range such as ultraviolet to blue, green, orange and white.
- Such light-emitting elements are expected to be applied to display, illumination, optical information processing fields, and the like.
- the present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing an electrode used for a nitride semiconductor device.
- a nitride semiconductor having nitrogen (N) as a group V element is considered promising as a material for a short-wavelength light-emitting element because of its large band gap.
- LEDs blue light emitting diodes
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a unit cell of GaN.
- FIG. 2 shows four basic vectors a 1 , a 2 , a 3 , and c that are generally used to represent the surface of the wurtzite crystal structure in the 4-index notation (hexagonal crystal index).
- the basic vector c extends in the [0001] direction, and this direction is called “c-axis”.
- a plane perpendicular to the c-axis is called “c-plane” or “(0001) plane”.
- c-axis” and “c-plane” may be referred to as “C-axis” and “C-plane”, respectively.
- a c-plane substrate that is, a substrate having a (0001) plane on the surface is used as a substrate on which a GaN-based semiconductor crystal is grown.
- polarization Electro Mechanical Polarization
- the “c-plane” is also called “polar plane”.
- a piezoelectric field is generated along the c-axis direction in the InGaN quantum well in the active layer.
- a substrate having a nonpolar plane, for example, a (10-10) plane called m-plane perpendicular to the [10-10] direction is used. It is being considered.
- “-” attached to the left of the number in parentheses representing the Miller index means “bar”.
- the m-plane is a plane parallel to the c-axis (basic vector c), and is orthogonal to the c-plane.
- Ga atoms and nitrogen atoms exist on the same atomic plane, and therefore no polarization occurs in the direction perpendicular to the m plane.
- the m-plane is a general term for the (10-10) plane, the (-1010) plane, the (1-100) plane, the (-1100) plane, the (01-10) plane, and the (0-110) plane.
- the X plane may be referred to as a “growth plane”, and a semiconductor layer formed by the X plane growth may be referred to as an “X plane semiconductor layer”.
- a GaN-based semiconductor element grown on an m-plane substrate can exhibit a remarkable effect as compared with that grown on a c-plane substrate, but has the following problems. That is, a GaN-based semiconductor device grown on an m-plane substrate has a higher contact resistance than that grown on a c-plane substrate, which uses a GaN-based semiconductor device grown on an m-plane substrate. It has become a major technical obstacle.
- the inventor of the present application diligently studied to solve the problem that the contact resistance of the GaN-based semiconductor element grown on the non-polar m-plane is high. Found a means that can be.
- the present invention has been made in view of such a point, and a main object thereof is to provide a structure and a manufacturing method capable of reducing contact resistance in a GaN-based semiconductor element grown on a m-plane substrate.
- a first nitride-based semiconductor element of the present invention includes a nitride-based semiconductor multilayer structure having a p-type semiconductor region whose surface is an m-plane, and an electrode formed on the surface of the p-type semiconductor region.
- the electrodes, the surface of the p-type semiconductor region Includes a Zn layer in contact.
- the electrode includes the Zn layer and a metal layer formed on the Zn layer, and the metal layer is at least one selected from the group consisting of Pt, Mo, and Pd. Made of metal.
- the p-type semiconductor region is a p-type contact layer.
- the thickness of the Zn layer is equal to or less than the thickness of the Pt layer.
- a semiconductor substrate that supports the semiconductor multilayer structure is provided.
- At least a part of the Zn layer is alloyed.
- the light source of the present invention is a light source including a nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting device and a wavelength conversion unit including a fluorescent material that converts a wavelength of light emitted from the nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting device, the nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting device
- At least a part of the Zn layer is alloyed.
- the method for producing a nitride-based semiconductor device of the present invention includes a step (a) of preparing a substrate and a step of forming a nitride-based semiconductor multilayer structure having a p-type semiconductor region whose surface is an m-plane on the substrate ( b) and a step (c) of forming an electrode on the surface of the p-type semiconductor region of the semiconductor multilayer structure, wherein the step (c) includes Zn on the surface of the p-type semiconductor region. Forming a layer.
- the step (c) includes a step of forming a metal layer made of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Pt, Mo and Pd after forming the Zn layer.
- the step of heat-treating the Zn layer is performed in the step (c).
- the heat treatment is performed at a temperature of 400 ° C. or higher and 650 ° C. or lower.
- the heat treatment is performed at a temperature of 450 ° C. or higher and 600 ° C. or lower.
- the method includes a step of removing the substrate after performing the step (b).
- At least a part of the Zn layer is alloyed.
- a second nitride-based semiconductor element of the present invention includes a nitride-based semiconductor multilayer structure having a p-type semiconductor region whose surface is an m-plane, and an electrode formed on the surface of the p-type semiconductor region.
- the island-shaped Zn formed in the is included.
- the electrode includes a metal layer formed on the island-shaped Zn, and the metal layer is made of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Pt, Mo, and Pd.
- a third nitride-based semiconductor element of the present invention includes a nitride-based semiconductor multilayer structure having a p-type semiconductor region whose surface is an m-plane, and an electrode formed on the surface of the p-type semiconductor region.
- the Zn layer includes a contacted Zn layer, and the Zn layer is formed of an alloy of Zn and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Pt, Mo, and Pd.
- a fourth nitride-based semiconductor element of the present invention includes a nitride-based semiconductor multilayer structure having a p-type semiconductor region whose surface is an m-plane, and an electrode provided on the p-type semiconductor region.
- the alloy layer is composed of only layers, and is formed of Zn and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Pt, Mo and Pd.
- the alloy layer is formed by performing a heat treatment after forming a Zn layer in contact with the surface of the p-type semiconductor region and a metal layer positioned on the Zn layer. It is.
- the electrode on the surface (m-plane) of the p-type impurity region in the semiconductor multilayer structure includes the Zn layer, and the Zn layer is the surface (m-plane) of the p-type impurity region.
- Contact resistance can reduce the contact resistance.
- a perspective view schematically showing a unit cell of GaN Perspective view showing basic vectors a 1 , a 2 , a 3 and c of wurtzite crystal structure (A) is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the nitride-based semiconductor light emitting device 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention, (b) is a diagram showing an m-plane crystal structure, and (c) is a diagram showing a c-plane crystal structure. (A) to (c) are diagrams schematically showing the distribution of Zn and Pt in an electrode.
- the graph which shows the value of the specific contact resistance (ohm * cm ⁇ 2 >) of the electrode which consists of a Pd / Pt layer, and the electrode which consists of a Zn / Pt layer Graph showing the dependence of heat treatment temperature on contact resistance A graph showing current-voltage characteristics of a light emitting diode using an electrode made of a Zn / Pt layer, and a graph showing current-voltage characteristics of a light emitting diode using an electrode made of a conventional Pd / Pt layer Sectional drawing which shows embodiment of a white light source
- FIG. 3A schematically shows a cross-sectional configuration of the nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting device 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- a nitride-based semiconductor light emitting device 100 shown in FIG. 3A is a semiconductor device made of a GaN-based semiconductor, and has a nitride-based semiconductor multilayer structure.
- the nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting device 100 of this embodiment is formed on a GaN-based substrate 10 having an m-plane as a surface 12, a semiconductor multilayer structure 20 formed on the GaN-based substrate 10, and the semiconductor multilayer structure 20.
- the electrode 30 is provided.
- the semiconductor multilayer structure 20 is an m-plane semiconductor multilayer structure formed by m-plane growth, and its surface is an m-plane.
- the surface of the GaN-based substrate 10 is an m-plane depending on the growth conditions.
- at least the surface of the semiconductor region in contact with the electrode in the semiconductor multilayer structure 20 may be an m-plane.
- the nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting device 100 of the present embodiment includes the GaN substrate 10 that supports the semiconductor multilayer structure 20, but may include another substrate instead of the GaN substrate 10, or the substrate may be removed. It is also possible to use it in the state.
- FIG. 3B schematically shows a crystal structure in a cross section (cross section perpendicular to the substrate surface) of the nitride-based semiconductor whose surface is an m-plane. Since Ga atoms and nitrogen atoms exist on the same atomic plane parallel to the m-plane, no polarization occurs in the direction perpendicular to the m-plane. That is, the m-plane is a nonpolar plane, and no piezo electric field is generated in the active layer grown in the direction perpendicular to the m-plane.
- the added In and Al are located at the Ga site and replace Ga. Even if at least part of Ga is substituted with In or Al, no polarization occurs in the direction perpendicular to the m-plane.
- a GaN-based substrate having an m-plane on the surface is referred to as an “m-plane GaN-based substrate” in this specification.
- an m-plane GaN substrate is used and a semiconductor is grown on the m-plane of the substrate.
- the surface of the substrate does not need to be an m-plane, and the substrate does not need to remain in the final device.
- FIG. 3C schematically shows a crystal structure in a nitride semiconductor cross section (cross section perpendicular to the substrate surface) having a c-plane surface.
- Ga atoms and nitrogen atoms do not exist on the same atomic plane parallel to the c-plane.
- polarization occurs in a direction perpendicular to the c-plane.
- a GaN-based substrate having a c-plane on the surface is referred to as a “c-plane GaN-based substrate” in this specification.
- the c-plane GaN-based substrate is a general substrate for growing GaN-based semiconductor crystals. Since the positions of the Ga (or In) atomic layer and the nitrogen atomic layer parallel to the c-plane are slightly shifted in the c-axis direction, polarization is formed along the c-axis direction.
- a semiconductor multilayer structure 20 is formed on the surface (m-plane) 12 of the m-plane GaN-based substrate 10.
- the Al d Ga e N layer 26 is located on the side opposite to the m-plane 12 side with respect to the active layer 24.
- the active layer 24 is an electron injection region in the nitride semiconductor light emitting device 100.
- the Al u Ga v In w N layer 22 of the present embodiment is a first conductivity type (n-type) Al u Ga v In w N layer 22.
- an undoped GaN layer may be provided between the active layer 24 and the Al d Ga e N layer 26.
- the Al composition ratio d need not be uniform in the thickness direction.
- the Al composition ratio d may change continuously or stepwise in the thickness direction. That is, the Al d Ga e N layer 26 may have a multilayer structure in which a plurality of layers having different Al composition ratios d are stacked, and the dopant concentration may also change in the thickness direction. .
- the uppermost part of the Al d Ga e N layer 26 (upper surface part of the semiconductor multilayer structure 20) is composed of a layer (GaN layer) in which the Al composition ratio d is zero. Is preferred.
- An electrode 30 is formed on the semiconductor multilayer structure 20.
- the electrode 30 of this embodiment is an electrode including a Zn layer 32, and a metal layer 34 made of Pt is formed on the Zn layer 32.
- the Zn layer 32 in the electrode 30 is in contact with the p-type semiconductor region of the semiconductor multilayer structure 20 and functions as a part of the p-type electrode. At least a part of the Zn layer 32 may be alloyed. That is, only the portion of the Zn layer 32 located at the boundary with the metal layer 34 may be alloyed, or the entire Zn layer 32 may be alloyed.
- FIGS. 4A to 4C are views for explaining alloying of the Zn layer 32.
- FIG. FIG. 4A shows a state where a part (upper part) of the Zn layer 32 is alloyed.
- the electrode 30 ⁇ / b > A includes a Zn layer 32 that is in contact with the Al d Ga e N layer 26 and a metal layer 34 that exists on the Zn layer 32.
- the upper part of the Zn layer 32 is composed of a Zn—Pt alloy layer 61A.
- FIG. 4B shows a state in which the alloying of Zn and Pt has progressed to a portion in contact with the Al d Ga e N layer 26.
- the Zn layer 32 (the portion of the electrode 30B that contacts the Al d Ga e N layer 26) of the electrode 30B is formed of a Zn—Pt alloy.
- the metal layer 34 exists on the Zn layer 32.
- FIG. 4C shows the electrode 30C in a state where the entire Zn layer and Pt layer are alloyed.
- the electrode 30C is composed only of the Zn—Pt alloy layer 61C.
- the Zn—Pt alloy shown in FIGS. 4A to 4C is composed of Zn and Pt (the main components are Zn and Pt).
- the structure shown in FIGS. 4A to 4C can be formed by performing a heat treatment after forming a metal layer on the Zn layer. Note that the structure shown in FIG. 4C may be formed by performing heat treatment after performing vapor deposition using a mixture or compound of metal and Zn constituting the metal layer 34 as a vapor deposition source.
- the Zn layer 32 is in contact with the Al d Ga e N layer 26 doped with the second conductivity type (p-type) dopant.
- the Al d Ga e N layer 26 is doped with Mg as a dopant, for example.
- Mg As a p-type dopant other than Mg, for example, Zn or Be may be doped.
- a metal for example, Mo or Pd
- a metal that is difficult to form an alloy with Zn as compared with Au
- at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Pt, Mo, and Pd may be used.
- Au gold
- Au gold
- the Zn layer 32 may be formed in an island shape (island shape) by heat treatment after lamination and spaced apart from each other. At this time, Pt constituting the metal layer 34 enters between the island-like Zn. At least a part of the metal layer 34 may be aggregated in an island shape.
- the thickness of the electrode 30 of the present embodiment is, for example, not less than 10 nm and not more than 200 nm.
- the Zn layer 32 in the electrode 30 is thinner than the metal layer 34, and the thickness of the Zn layer 32 is, for example, not less than 2 nm and not more than 50 nm.
- the thickness of the Zn layer 32 is the thickness of the Zn layer after the heat treatment. If the thickness of the Zn layer 32 is 50 nm or less, electrode peeling in a process for manufacturing a light-emitting element can be prevented.
- the thickness of the metal layer (for example, Pt layer) 34 is, for example, not less than 10 nm and not more than 200 nm.
- the reason why the Zn layer 32 is thinner than the thickness of the metal layer 34 is that the strain balance between the Zn layer 32 and the metal layer 34 is lost and the Zn layer 32 and the Al d Ga e N layer 26 are separated. It is intended to prevent peeling.
- the thickness of the GaN-based substrate 10 having the m-plane surface 12 is, for example, 100 to 400 ⁇ m. This is because if the substrate thickness is about 100 ⁇ m or more, there will be no trouble in handling the wafer.
- the substrate 10 of the present embodiment may have a laminated structure as long as it has an m-plane surface 12 made of a GaN-based material. That is, the GaN-based substrate 10 of the present embodiment includes a substrate having an m-plane at least on the surface 12, and therefore, the entire substrate may be GaN-based or a combination with other materials. It doesn't matter.
- an electrode 40 (n-type electrode) is formed on a part of an n-type Al u Ga v In w N layer (for example, thickness 0.2 to 2 ⁇ m) 22 located on the substrate 10. Is formed.
- a recess 42 is formed in the region where the electrode 40 is formed in the semiconductor multilayer structure 20 so that a part of the n-type Al u Ga v In w N layer 22 is exposed.
- An electrode 40 is provided on the surface of the n-type Al u Ga v In w N layer 22 exposed at the recess 42.
- the electrode 40 is composed of, for example, a laminated structure of a Ti layer, an Al layer, and a Pt layer, and the thickness of the electrode 40 is, for example, 100 to 200 nm.
- the active layer 24 of the present embodiment includes a GaInN / GaN multiple quantum well (GaInN / GaN multiple quantum well) in which Ga 0.9 In 0.1 N well layers (eg, 9 nm thick) and GaN barrier layers (eg, 9 nm thick) are alternately stacked.
- MQW MQW structure
- a p-type Al d Ga e N layer 26 is provided on the active layer 24.
- the thickness of the p-type Al d Ga e N layer 26 is, for example, 0.2 to 2 ⁇ m.
- an undoped GaN layer may be provided between the active layer 24 and the Al d Ga e N layer 26.
- a second conductivity type (for example, p-type) GaN layer may be formed on the Al d Ga e N layer 26.
- a contact layer composed of p + -GaN further to the contact layer made of p + -GaN, it is also possible to form a Zn layer 32.
- a contact layer made of GaN instead think of the Al d Ga e N layer 26 is another layer, it can be considered to be a part of the Al d Ga e N layer 26.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the specific contact resistance ( ⁇ ⁇ cm 2 ) of the Pd / Pt electrode and the Zn / Pt electrode.
- a Pd / Pt electrode after depositing a Pd layer having a thickness of 40 nm and a Pt layer having a thickness of 35 nm on a p-type m-plane GaN layer, heat treatment is performed in a nitrogen atmosphere at 500 ° C. for 10 minutes. (M-plane GaN (Pd / Pt)) was used.
- Zn / Pt electrode As a Zn / Pt electrode, after depositing a 7 nm thick Zn layer and a 75 nm thick Pt layer on a p-type m-plane GaN layer, heat treatment is performed in a nitrogen atmosphere at 500 ° C. for 10 minutes. (M-plane GaN (Zn / Pt)) was used. In all the experimental examples disclosed in the present application, the Zn layer and the Pt layer were deposited by an ordinary electron beam evaporation method.
- the Zn / Pt electrode and the Pd / Pt electrode are in contact with the m-plane GaN layer doped with Mg.
- Mg of 7 ⁇ 10 19 cm ⁇ 3 is doped in a region 20 nm deep from the surface (the outermost surface region having a thickness of 20 nm). Further, a region where the depth from the surface of the m-plane GaN layer exceeds 20 nm is doped with 1 ⁇ 10 19 cm ⁇ 3 of Mg.
- the contact resistance R is generally inversely proportional to the contact area S (cm 2 ).
- R Rc / S
- the proportional constant Rc is called a specific contact resistance and corresponds to the contact resistance R when the contact area S is 1 cm 2 . That is, the magnitude of the specific contact resistance does not depend on the contact area S and is an index for evaluating the contact characteristics.
- specific contact resistance may be abbreviated as “contact resistance”.
- the specific contact resistance ( ⁇ ⁇ cm 2 ) of the Zn / Pt electrode is nearly an order of magnitude lower than the contact resistance of the Pd / Pt electrode.
- a contact resistance equal to or slightly higher than that obtained when the Pd / Pt electrode is brought into contact with the c-plane GaN layer.
- the contact surface is an m-plane
- an electrode containing Zn exhibits a significantly lower contact resistance than a Pd / Pt electrode. From this result, it is presumed that the present invention using a Zn / Pt electrode shows the same tendency.
- the current-voltage characteristic of the conventional Pd / Pt electrode is a Schottky non-ohmic characteristic (Schottky voltage: about 2 V), but the current-voltage characteristic of the Zn / Pt electrode. From the characteristics, it was found that no Schottky voltage appeared, and that the Zn / Pt electrode formed almost ohmic contact with the p-type m-plane GaN layer. The disappearance of the Schottky voltage is very important in reducing the operating voltage of devices such as light emitting diodes and laser diodes.
- the work function (4.3 eV) of Zn is smaller than that of other contact electrode materials.
- the inventor of the present application formed a Zn layer as a p-type electrode on a p-type c-plane GaN layer, and evaluated the contact resistance using the TLM method.
- a Zn layer to be evaluated a Zn layer deposited at a thickness of 200 nm was subjected to a heat treatment at 500 ° C. for 10 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere.
- the contact resistance of the Zn layer formed on the c-plane GaN layer was a very high value of about 3.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 1 ⁇ ⁇ cm 2 .
- this inventor measured contact resistance using various metals with different work functions, such as Al, Ni, Au, Pd, and Pt, as an electrode material of m-plane GaN. As a result, it has been experimentally shown that the contact resistance of the metal (Pd or Pt) having a higher work function is lower in the case of m-plane GaN (Japanese Patent Application No. 2009-030147).
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the heat treatment temperature dependence of the specific contact resistance of the Pd / Pt electrode and the Zn / Pt electrode.
- the Pd / Pt electrode is formed by depositing a Pd layer having a thickness of 40 nm and a Pt layer having a thickness of 35 nm on a p-type m-plane GaN layer and then performing a heat treatment at each temperature in a nitrogen atmosphere. Electrode (m-plane GaN (Pd / Pt)) was used.
- the Zn / Pt electrode is formed by depositing a Zn layer having a thickness of 7 nm and a Pt layer having a thickness of 75 nm on a p-type m-plane GaN layer and then performing a heat treatment at each temperature in a nitrogen atmosphere. Electrode (m-plane GaN (Zn / Pt)) was used.
- the contact resistance suddenly decreased when the temperature exceeded 400 ° C.
- the contact resistance further decreased at a temperature of 500 ° C.
- the contact resistance was higher than that at the temperature of 500 ° C., but was lower than the contact resistance in the case of the conventional m-plane GaN (Pd / Pt) electrode.
- the heat treatment temperature of m-plane GaN is preferably 400 ° C. or higher, for example.
- the temperature exceeds 700 ° C. and becomes a predetermined temperature (for example, 800 ° C.) or more, the film quality of the electrode and the GaN layer progresses. Therefore, the upper limit is preferably 700 ° C. or less, and the temperature range is 400 ° C. or more and 650 ° C. or less. Is more preferable. 450 ° C. or higher and 600 ° C. or lower is a more preferable heat treatment temperature.
- the contact resistance drastically decreases because only Ga atoms are diffused to the electrode side by heat treatment, and N atoms are electrode Presumably because it has not spread to the side. Since only Ga out of GaN diffuses to the electrode side, it is presumed that the N concentration is lower than the Ga concentration in the Zn layer.
- Ga vacancies have an acceptor property, when Ga vacancies increase near the interface between the electrode and p-type GaN, holes easily pass through the Schottky barrier at this interface by tunneling. Thereby, it is considered that the contact resistance is reduced when the Zn layer is formed so as to be in contact with the p-type GaN layer having the m-plane as the surface.
- N atoms diffuse together with Ga atoms to the electrode side, a state where N is insufficient on the outermost surface of p-type GaN, that is, N vacancies are also formed. Since N vacancies have donor properties, charge compensation occurs between Ga vacancies and N vacancies on the outermost surface of p-type GaN. Further, it is considered that the crystallinity of the GaN crystal is deteriorated by the elimination of N atoms. Therefore, when N atoms as well as Ga atoms diffuse to the electrode side, the contact resistance between the p-type GaN layer and the electrode is high.
- the m-plane GaN substrate 10 is an n-type GaN substrate (for example, a thickness of 100 ⁇ m)
- the Al u Ga v In w N layer 22 is an n-type GaN layer (for example, a thickness of 2 ⁇ m).
- An active layer 24 is formed on the Al u Ga v In w N layer 22.
- the semiconductor multilayer structure 20 including at least the active layer 24 is formed on the m-plane GaN substrate 10.
- the active layer 24 is composed of, for example, an InGaN well layer and a GaN barrier layer having an In composition ratio of about 25%, the well layer thickness is 9 nm, the barrier layer thickness is 9 nm, and the well layer period is three periods. .
- the Al d Ga e N layer 26 of this embodiment is doped with Mg as a p-type dopant.
- Mg is doped to the Al d Ga e N layer 26 by, for example, about 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 .
- an undoped GaN layer (not shown) is formed between the active layer 24 and the Al d Ga e N layer 26.
- a second conductivity type (for example, p-type) GaN layer (not shown) is formed on the Al d Ga e N layer 26.
- a Zn layer 32 is formed on the contact layer made of p + -GaN, and a Pt layer 34 is formed thereon.
- the stacked structure of the Zn layer 32 and the Pt layer 34 becomes an electrode (p-type electrode) 30.
- the semiconductor multilayer structure 20, Al u Ga v In w recess (recess) 42 for exposing the surface of the N layer 22 is formed, it is located on the bottom surface of the recess 42 Al u Ga v In w N layer 22
- An electrode (n-type electrode) 40 is formed on the substrate.
- the size of the recess 42 is, for example, a width (or diameter) of 20 ⁇ m and a depth of 1 ⁇ m.
- the electrode 40 is, for example, an electrode having a laminated structure of a Ti layer, an Al layer, and a Pt layer (for example, the thicknesses are 5 nm, 100 nm, and 10 nm, respectively).
- the operating voltage (Vop) can be reduced by about 2.0 V compared to the case of a conventional m-plane LED using a Pd / Pt electrode, and as a result. It was found that power consumption can be reduced.
- an m-plane substrate 10 is prepared.
- a GaN substrate is used as the substrate 10.
- the GaN substrate of the present embodiment is obtained by using the HVPE (Hydride Vapor Phase Epitaxy) method.
- a thick film GaN on the order of several mm is grown on a c-plane sapphire substrate.
- an m-plane GaN substrate is obtained by cutting the thick film GaN in the direction perpendicular to the c-plane and the m-plane.
- the production method of the GaN substrate is not limited to the above, and a method of producing an ingot of bulk GaN using a liquid phase growth method such as a sodium flux method or a melt growth method such as an ammonothermal method, and cutting it in the m plane But it ’s okay.
- a gallium oxide, a SiC substrate, a Si substrate, a sapphire substrate, or the like can be used in addition to a GaN substrate.
- the plane orientation of the SiC or sapphire substrate is preferably the m-plane.
- the growth surface may not necessarily be the m-plane depending on the growth conditions. It is sufficient that at least the surface of the semiconductor multilayer structure 20 is m-plane.
- crystal layers are sequentially formed on the substrate 10 by MOCVD (Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition).
- an Al u Ga v In w N layer 22 is formed on the m-plane GaN substrate 10.
- Al u Ga v In w N layer 22 for example, AlGaN having a thickness of 3 ⁇ m is formed.
- a GaN layer is formed by supplying TMG (Ga (CH 3 ) 3 ), TMA (Al (CH 3 ) 3 ), and NH 3 on the m-plane GaN substrate 10 at 1100 ° C. accumulate.
- the active layer 24 is formed on the Al u Ga v In w N layer 22.
- the active layer 24 has a GaInN / GaN multiple quantum well (MQW) structure with a thickness of 81 nm in which a Ga 0.9 In 0.1 N well layer with a thickness of 9 nm and a GaN barrier layer with a thickness of 9 nm are alternately stacked.
- MQW multiple quantum well
- an Al d Ga e N layer 26 is formed on the undoped GaN layer.
- the Al d Ga e N layer 26 for example, by supplying TMG, NH 3 , TMA, TMI and Cp 2 Mg (cyclopentadienyl magnesium) as a p-type impurity, p-Al 0.14 Ga 0.86 having a thickness of 70 nm is provided. N is formed.
- Cp 2 Mg is supplied as a p-type impurity.
- the p-GaN contact layer, the Al d Ga e N layer 26, the undoped GaN layer, and a part of the active layer 24 are removed to form a recess 42, and Al x Ga y InzN
- the n-type electrode formation region of the layer 22 is exposed.
- a Ti / Pt layer is formed as the n-type electrode 40 on the n-type electrode formation region located at the bottom of the recess 42.
- a Zn layer 32 is formed on the p-GaN contact layer by performing a normal vacuum deposition method (resistance heating method, electron beam deposition method, etc.), and a Pt layer 34 is further formed on the Zn layer 32. To do. Thereby, the p-type electrode 30 is formed.
- a method for forming the Zn layer 32 sputtering, thermal CVD, or molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) may be performed in addition to the vacuum deposition method.
- the substrate 10 and part of the Al u Ga v In w N layer 22 may be removed by using a method such as laser lift-off, etching, and polishing. At this time, only the substrate 10 may be removed, or only a part of the substrate 10 and the Al u Ga v In w N layer 22 may be selectively removed. Of course, the substrate 10 and the Al u Ga v In w N layer 22 may be left without being removed.
- the nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting device 100 of this embodiment is formed.
- nitride-based semiconductor light emitting device 100 of the present embodiment when a voltage is applied between the n-type electrode 40 and the p-type electrode 30, holes are transferred from the p-type electrode 30 toward the active layer 24. Electrons are injected from the active layer 24 toward the active layer 24 to emit light having a wavelength of 450 nm, for example.
- FIG. 7 shows the current-voltage characteristics of a light emitting diode using an electrode made of a Zn / Pt layer.
- the characteristics of a light-emitting diode using an electrode composed of a Pd / Pt layer with the same structure of the nitride semiconductor of the light-emitting diode are also shown.
- the thickness of each layer before the heat treatment is 7 nm for the Zn layer in the Zn / Pt electrode and 75 nm for the Pt layer, 40 nm for the Pd layer in the Pd / Pt electrode, and 35 nm for the Pt layer.
- the Zn / Pt electrode was heat-treated at 500 ° C. for 10 minutes, and the Pd / Pt electrode was heat-treated at 500 ° C. for 10 minutes.
- the rising voltage of a light emitting diode using an electrode made of a Pd / Pt layer is about 3.7V.
- the rising voltage of a light emitting diode using an electrode made of a Zn / Pt layer is about 2.7 V, and the rising voltage is significantly reduced. Comparing the operating voltage at a current value of 20 mA, it can be seen that the light emitting diode using the electrode made of the Zn / Pt layer is 2.0 V or more smaller than the electrode made of the Pd / Pt layer.
- Zn that is more abundant on the earth than Pd is used as the material of the p-type electrode.
- Zn has a property that it is less likely to be oxidized than Mg, and there is an advantage that the Zn layer can be formed by a normal vapor deposition method. It was also confirmed that the adhesion between the m-plane GaN layer and the Zn layer was good.
- the above light emitting element may be used as a light source as it is.
- a resin having a fluorescent substance for wavelength conversion according to the present invention it can be suitably used as a light source (for example, a white light source) having an extended wavelength band.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing an example of such a white light source.
- the light source in FIG. 8 includes a light emitting element 100 having the configuration shown in FIG. 3A and a phosphor that converts the wavelength of light emitted from the light emitting element 100 into a longer wavelength (for example, YAG: Yttrium Aluminum Garnet). And a resin layer 200 in which is dispersed.
- the light emitting element 100 is mounted on a support member 220 having a wiring pattern formed on the surface, and a reflection member 240 is disposed on the support member 220 so as to surround the light emitting element 100.
- the resin layer 200 is formed so as to cover the light emitting element 100.
- the above-described excellent effect is exhibited.
- Such an effect of reducing the contact resistance
- the actual m-plane need not be a plane that is completely parallel to the m-plane, and may be inclined at a slight angle (0 to ⁇ 1 °) from the m-plane.
- the nitride-based semiconductor device of the present invention can be particularly suitably used as a light emitting diode (LED) because it can reduce the contact resistance between a p-type semiconductor region having an m-plane surface and a p-type electrode. .
- LED light emitting diode
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Abstract
Description
12 基板の表面(m面)
20 半導体積層構造
22 AluGavInwN層
24 活性層
26 AldGaeN層
30、30A、30B、30C p型電極
32 Zn層
34 金属層(Pt層)
40 n型電極
42 凹部
61A、61C Zn-Pt合金層
100 窒化物系半導体発光素子
200 波長を変換する蛍光体が分散された樹脂層
220 支持部材
240 反射部材
Claims (21)
- 表面がm面であるp型半導体領域を有する窒化物系半導体積層構造と、
前記p型半導体領域の前記表面上に形成された電極と
を備え、
前記p型半導体領域は、AlxInyGazN(x+y+z=1,x≧0,y≧0,z≧0)半導体から形成され、
前記電極は、前記p型半導体領域の前記表面に接触したZn層を含む、窒化物系半導体素子。 - 前記電極は、前記Zn層と、前記Zn層の上に形成された金属層とを含み、
前記金属層は、Pt、MoおよびPdからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の金属からなる、請求項1に記載の窒化物系半導体素子。 - 前記半導体積層構造は、
AlaInbGacN層(a+b+c=1,a≧0,b≧0,c≧0)を含む活性層を有し、前記活性層は光を発する、請求項1に記載の窒化物系半導体素子。 - 前記p型半導体領域は、p型コンタクト層である、請求項1に記載の窒化物系半導体素子。
- 前記Zn層の厚さは前記Pt層の厚さ以下である、請求項1に記載の窒化物系半導体素子。
- 前記半導体積層構造を支持する半導体基板を有している、請求項1に記載の窒化物系半導体素子。
- 前記Zn層の少なくとも一部が合金化している、請求項1に記載の窒化物系半導体素子。
- 窒化物系半導体発光素子と、
前記窒化物系半導体発光素子から放射された光の波長を変換する蛍光物質を含む波長変換部と
を備える光源であって、
前記窒化物系半導体発光素子は、
表面がm面であるp型半導体領域を有する窒化物系半導体積層構造と、
前記p型半導体領域の前記表面上に形成された電極と
を備え、
前記p型半導体領域は、AlxInyGazN(x+y+z=1,x≧0,y≧0,z≧0)半導体からなり、
前記電極は、前記p型半導体領域の前記表面に接触したZn層を含む、光源。 - 前記Zn層の少なくとも一部が合金化している、請求項8に記載の光源。
- 基板を用意する工程(a)と、
表面がm面であるp型半導体領域を有する窒化物系半導体積層構造を前記基板上に形成する工程(b)と、
前記半導体積層構造の前記p型半導体領域の前記表面上に電極を形成する工程(c)と
を含み、
前記工程(c)は、
前記p型半導体領域の前記表面上に、Zn層を形成する工程を含む、窒化物系半導体素子の製造方法。 - 前記工程(c)は、
前記Zn層を形成した後に、Pt、MoおよびPdからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の金属からなる金属層を形成する工程を含む、請求項10に記載の窒化物系半導体素子の製造方法。 - 前記工程(c)において、前記Zn層を加熱処理する工程を実行する、請求項10に記載の窒化物系半導体素子の製造方法。
- 前記加熱処理は、400℃以上650℃以下の温度で実行される、請求項12に記載の窒化物系半導体素子の製造方法。
- 前記加熱処理は、450℃以上600℃以下の温度で実行される、請求項13に記載の窒化物系半導体素子の製造方法。
- 前記工程(b)を実行した後において、前記基板を除去する工程を含む、請求項10から14の何れか一つに記載の窒化物系半導体素子の製造方法。
- 前記Zn層の少なくとも一部が合金化している、請求項10から15の何れか一つに記載の窒化物系半導体素子の製造方法。
- 表面がm面であるp型半導体領域を有する窒化物系半導体積層構造と、
前記p型半導体領域の前記表面上に形成された電極と
を備え、
前記p型半導体領域は、AlxInyGazN(x+y+z=1,x≧0,y≧0,z≧0)半導体から形成され、
前記電極は、前記p型半導体領域の前記表面上に形成されたアイランド状Znを含む、窒化物系半導体素子。 - 前記電極は、前記アイランド状Znの上に形成された金属層を含み、
前記金属層は、Pt、MoおよびPdからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の金属からなる、請求項17に記載の窒化物系半導体素子。 - 表面がm面であるp型半導体領域を有する窒化物系半導体積層構造と、
前記p型半導体領域の前記表面上に形成された電極と
を備え、
前記p型半導体領域は、AlxInyGazN(x+y+z=1,x≧0,y≧0,z≧0)半導体から形成され、
前記電極は、前記p型半導体領域の前記表面に接触したZn層を含み、
前記Zn層は、Znと、Pt、MoおよびPdからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の金属との合金から形成されている、窒化物系半導体素子。 - 表面がm面であるp型半導体領域を有する窒化物系半導体積層構造と、
前記p型半導体領域上に設けられた電極と
を備え、
前記p型半導体領域は、AlxInyGazN(x+y+z=1,x≧0,y≧0,z≧0)半導体から形成され、
前記電極は、前記p型半導体領域の前記表面に接触した合金層のみから構成され、
前記合金層は、Znと、Pt、MoおよびPdからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の金属とから形成されている、窒化物系半導体素子。 - 前記合金層は、前記p型半導体領域の前記表面に接触するZn層と、前記Zn層の上に位置する金属層とを形成した後、熱処理を行うことにより形成された層である、請求項20に記載の窒化物系半導体素子。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN102007611A (zh) | 2011-04-06 |
US8164109B2 (en) | 2012-04-24 |
EP2416387A4 (en) | 2012-12-12 |
CN102007611B (zh) | 2013-01-02 |
JP4659926B2 (ja) | 2011-03-30 |
US20110101372A1 (en) | 2011-05-05 |
US20110248307A1 (en) | 2011-10-13 |
JPWO2010113399A1 (ja) | 2012-10-04 |
US8441108B2 (en) | 2013-05-14 |
EP2416387A1 (en) | 2012-02-08 |
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