WO2010079722A1 - 押出ダイス - Google Patents
押出ダイス Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2010079722A1 WO2010079722A1 PCT/JP2009/071795 JP2009071795W WO2010079722A1 WO 2010079722 A1 WO2010079722 A1 WO 2010079722A1 JP 2009071795 W JP2009071795 W JP 2009071795W WO 2010079722 A1 WO2010079722 A1 WO 2010079722A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- mandrel
- ring
- extrusion
- mandrel ring
- die
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C25/00—Profiling tools for metal extruding
- B21C25/02—Dies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
- B21C23/04—Making uncoated products by direct extrusion
- B21C23/08—Making wire, bars, tubes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C25/00—Profiling tools for metal extruding
- B21C25/02—Dies
- B21C25/025—Selection of materials therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C25/00—Profiling tools for metal extruding
- B21C25/04—Mandrels
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an extrusion die used for extruding a hollow material.
- downstream or downstream the advancing direction of the extruded material and the extruded material
- upstream or upstream the reverse direction
- a cemented carbide or ceramic cemented carbide material is used for part of the die including the bearing portion (see Patent Documents 1 to 3).
- Patent Document 1 describes a die in which a ring-shaped die made of a cemented carbide material is shrink-fit in a recess of a die case made of tool steel.
- a mandrel of a mandrel is formed of tool steel, a mandrel ring made of carbide material is externally fitted to the mandrel, a retaining nut is attached to a tip of the mandrel, and the mandrel ring is fixed to the mandrel
- a male version of the porthole die configured in is described.
- a mandrel ring is shrink-fit by interposing a sleeve softer than the mandrel between the mandrel and the mandrel ring.
- the die of the type in which the cemented carbide material is shrink-fitted has a problem that the preparation process and maintenance of the extrusion are time-consuming.
- the cemented carbide material has a characteristic that the thermal expansion coefficient is smaller than that of the tool steel and the tensile strength is weaker than that of the tool steel. For this reason, when externally fitting a mandrel ring made of a hard material to a mandrel made of tool steel, the mandrel may expand during hot extrusion and may be broken if the tightening force on the mandrel ring is too strong. On the other hand, if the tightening force is too weak, the mandrel ring may not be firmly fixed, which may cause a corrugation or uneven thickness in the extrusion joint. Also, the flow of extruded material may cause the mandrel ring to come off the mandrel.
- the present invention aims at providing an extrusion die which can stably fix the mandrel ring, perform maintenance easily, and has a long life in an extrusion die in which a mandrel ring is externally fitted to a mandrel. .
- the present invention has the configuration described in [1] to [15].
- a mandrel for molding the inner surface of the extruded material has a mandrel and a mandrel ring externally fitted to the mandrel,
- the mandrel ring is made of a material in which the base material is made of a material having a smaller coefficient of thermal expansion than the mandrel,
- the outer circumferential surface of the mandrel and the inner circumferential surface of the mandrel ring have a gap between the mandrel ring and the mandrel ring when the mandrel ring is externally fitted to the mandrel, and at least a portion of the mandrel in the axial direction at the die temperature during extrusion.
- An extrusion die characterized in that the gap is eliminated and both are in contact with each other.
- X T2 ⁇ [A T1 ⁇ (T 2 ⁇ T 1 ) ⁇ ⁇ 1 + A T1 ] / [B T1 ⁇ (T 2 ⁇ T 1 ) ⁇ ⁇ 2 + B T1 ] -1 ⁇ ⁇ 100
- ⁇ 1 coefficient of thermal expansion of the material constituting the mandrel
- ⁇ 2 coefficient of thermal expansion of the material constituting the base material of the mandrel ring
- T 1 normal temperature
- T 2 die temperature at extrusion (> T 1 )
- the extrusion die as recited in the aforementioned Item 1 or 2, wherein a restraining member for preventing the mandrel ring from falling off is detachably attached to the tip of the mandrel.
- a mandrel for forming the inner surface of the extruded material has a mandrel and a mandrel ring externally fitted to the mandrel, and the mandrel ring is made of a material whose base material has a smaller thermal expansion coefficient than the mandrel.
- extrusion is performed at a die temperature (T 2 ) such that an interference (X T2 ) between a mandrel and a mandrel ring represented by the following equation becomes 0 to 0.3%
- ⁇ 1 coefficient of thermal expansion of the material constituting the mandrel
- ⁇ 2 coefficient of thermal expansion of the material constituting the base material of the mandrel ring ( ⁇ 1 > ⁇ 2 )
- T 1 normal temperature
- T 2 die temperature at extrusion (> T 1 )
- a T1 room temperature (T 1) the outer diameter of the mandrel when B T1
- a mandrel for forming the inner surface of the extruded material has a mandrel and a mandrel ring fitted on the mandrel, and the mandrel ring is made of a material whose base material has a smaller thermal expansion coefficient than the mandrel.
- extrusion is performed at a die temperature (T 2 ) such that an interference (X T2 ) between a mandrel and a mandrel ring represented by the following equation becomes 0 to 0.3%
- X T2 ⁇ [A T1 ⁇ (T 2 ⁇ T 1 ) ⁇ ⁇ 1 + A T1 ] / [B T1 ⁇ (T 2 ⁇ T 1 ) ⁇ ⁇ 2 + B T1 ] -1 ⁇ ⁇ 100
- ⁇ 1 coefficient of thermal expansion of the material constituting the mandrel
- ⁇ 2 coefficient of thermal expansion of the material constituting the base material of the mandrel ring ( ⁇ 1 > ⁇ 2 )
- T 1 normal temperature
- T 2 die temperature at extrusion (> T 1 )
- a T1 room temperature (T 1) the outer diameter of the man
- the mandrel ring can be easily attached to and detached from the mandrel, and maintenance such as replacement of the mandrel ring can be easily performed.
- the mandrel ring is fixed also in the extrusion axial direction by the pressing member, the mandrel ring is prevented from coming off and a more stable fixed state can be obtained. Further, by suppressing the displacement in the extrusion axial direction by the pressing member, the interference (X T2 ) can be made smaller than in the case of fixing by only the tightening by the expansion force of the mandrel, so the interference (X T2 ) The risk of breakage of the mandrel ring due to the increase of
- the circumferential rotation of the mandrel ring can be prevented.
- the displacement in the circumferential direction is eliminated, and the fixing stability is enhanced, and the mandrel ring can be positioned.
- the extrusion die dye excellent in abrasion resistance can be provided.
- the strength of the mandrel ring can be secured by providing the relief portion on the mandrel ring.
- the manufacturing cost of the mandrel ring can be reduced by not forming the relief portion on the mandrel ring.
- the amount of protrusion of the mandrel into the female relief hole can be reduced, and contact of the mandrel with the female bearing portion at the time of assembly and disassembly of the die It can be reduced.
- a hard alkali resistant coating is formed on at least the outer peripheral surface of the mandrel ring substrate to protect the substrate, the substrate by the extruded material is obtained during extrusion.
- the die maintenance after extrusion it is possible to prevent the dissolution of the components on the surface of the substrate by the alkaline cleaning to prevent the abrasion of the substrate.
- the abrasion resistance of the alkali resistant coating prevents abrasion of the coating itself by extrusion, and the dissolution preventing effect can be maintained for a long time.
- the strength of the mandrel ring can be increased by the protection effect of the substrate by the alkali resistant coating and the reformation of the alkali resistant coating. It can be maintained for a long time to extend its life.
- an alkali resistant coating is formed on the inner peripheral surface. Therefore, the inner peripheral surface of the substrate is protected by the alkali-resistant coating even if the cleaning solution enters the gap between the mandrel ring and the mandrel in die washing after extrusion, so Dissolution can be prevented and mandrel ring inner diameter change can be prevented. As a result, the inner diameter of the mandrel ring is maintained, and the radial stability of the mandrel ring can be maintained. Furthermore, the surface treatment cost can be reduced by not forming an alkali resistant coating on the end face of the mandrel ring.
- FIG. 6 shows the relationship between temperature and the outer diameter of the mandrel and the inner diameter of the mandrel ring. It is sectional drawing which shows the state at the time of normal temperature of the mandrel of FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the state at the time of dice
- FIG. 10C is a cross-sectional view showing another mandrel using the mandrel ring of FIG. 10B. It is sectional drawing which shows the mandrel using the mandrel ring which formed the alkali-proof film only in the outer peripheral surface of a base material. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the dimension of the mandrel and mandrel ring which were used for the Example.
- the porthole die (10) shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is a combination of a female mold (11) for molding the outer peripheral surface of the hollow extruded material (1) and a male mold (20) for molding the inner peripheral surface.
- the male mold (20) is an embodiment of the extrusion die of the present invention.
- the female die (11) has a bearing hole (12) in the center, a relief hole (13) is formed on the downstream side of the bearing hole (12), and a recess for welding chamber (14) on the upstream side. It is formed.
- the male mold (20) has a mandrel (30) protruding downstream from the center of the die base (21), and has a plurality of port holes (22) penetrating in the extrusion direction around the mandrel (30) ing. Between the adjacent port holes (22) (22), there are formed legs (23) for supporting the mandrel (30) projecting to the downstream side at its base end (31).
- a small diameter mandrel (32) is integrally formed on the distal end side of the proximal end (31), and the proximal end (31) and the mandrel (32) A step (33) is formed between them due to the difference in diameter.
- the tip end side of the mandrel (32) is further reduced in diameter, and a bolt portion (34) in which a helical thread is formed on the outer peripheral surface is integrally formed.
- the proximal end (31), the mandrel (32) and the bolt portion (34) are coaxially formed.
- the mandrel ring (35) is an annular body in which a bearing portion (36) for molding the inner peripheral surface of the extruded material (1) is provided on the outer peripheral surface.
- the nut (37) is a pressing member in the present invention, and has a screw hole (38) screwed into the screw groove of the bolt portion (34). Then, the mandrel ring (35) is externally fitted on the mandrel (32) and brought into contact with the step (33), and the screw hole (38) of the nut (37) is screwed into the bolt portion (34).
- the mandrel ring (35) is interposed between the step (33) and the nut (37) and placed at a predetermined position in the extrusion axial direction. The material properties and dimensions of the mandrel (32) and the mandrel ring (35) will be described in detail later.
- the "die temperature at extrusion" in the present invention refers to the temperature at which the mandrel (32) and the mandrel ring (35) reach a predetermined temperature during high temperature extrusion.
- FIG. 3 and FIG. 5A is a fragmentary cross-sectional view of the normal temperature (T 1) of the mandrel (30) of this embodiment.
- the mandrel (30) is a mandrel that constitutes a part of the male mold (20) of the extrusion die (10) shown in FIGS.
- the outer peripheral surface (32a) of the mandrel (32) and the inner peripheral surface (35a) of the mandrel ring (35) are formed parallel to the axis of the mandrel (30).
- the inner diameter (B T1 ) of (A T1 ) and the mandrel ring (35) is constant in the axial direction.
- “there is a gap (S 1 )” between the mandrel (32) and the mandrel ring (35) means that there is no contact between the mandrel (32) and the mandrel ring (35).
- the outer diameter (A T1 ) of the mandrel at normal temperature (T 1 ) and the inner diameter (B T1 ) of the mandrel ring satisfy the relationship “B T1 > A T1 ”, and there is a clearance between the two. means.
- room temperature (T 1) the difference between the outer diameter (A T1) of the inner diameter of the magnitude mandrel ring gap (S 1) when the (35) (B T1) and the mandrel (32) (B T1 -A T1 It shall be represented by).
- FIG. 5A shows a state in which the distance between the inner circumferential surface (35a) of the mandrel ring (35) and the outer circumferential surface (32a) of the mandrel (32) is constant even in the circumferential direction. Since the mandrel ring (35) and the mandrel (32) are not aligned at normal temperature (T 1 ), the distance between the two is not necessarily constant in the circumferential direction. For example, when assembling is performed with the axis of the mandrel (30) horizontal, as shown in FIG.
- the upper portion of the inner peripheral surface (35a) of the mandrel ring (35) is the outer peripheral surface (32) of the mandrel (32)
- the distance between the two in contact with the upper part 32a) is zero, and the distance between the two increases as it goes downward along the circumferential direction, and the distance becomes maximum at the lower part.
- the mandrel ring (35) since the mandrel ring (35) is in a state of being tightened and temporarily fixed by the nut (37), the two may not be in contact over the entire circumference, but the distance between them may be biased. .
- “there is a gap” does not mean the presence or absence of contact between the mandrel ring (35) and the mandrel (32), but the outer diameter (A) of the mandrel (32) at normal temperature (T 1 ) It means that T1 ) and the inner diameter (B T1 ) of the mandrel ring (35) satisfy the relationship of "B T1 > A T1 ", and there is a clearance between the two.
- the size of the gap (S 1 ) in the present invention is the inner diameter (B T1 ) of the mandrel ring (35) It is expressed as the difference (B T1 -A T1 ) from the outer diameter (A T1 ) of the mandrel.
- the present invention does not require that the outer peripheral surface of the mandrel and the inner peripheral surface of the mandrel ring be parallel to the axis of the mandrel, and either or both of the outer peripheral surface of the mandrel and the inner peripheral surface of the mandrel ring
- the present invention also includes a mandrel that is formed with a tapered surface that is inclined with respect to the axis, and a mandrel that is formed with a portion of the axial direction that is a tapered surface.
- the size of the gap between the two may change in the axial direction
- the gap (S 1 ) in the present invention means the inner diameter (B T1 ) of the mandrel ring and the outer diameter (A T1 ) of the mandrel in the axial direction. And the gap in the portion where the difference (B T1 -A T1 ) is the smallest.
- a solid mandrel (32) is adopted for the purpose of securing the strength in the mandrel (30)
- a mandrel having a hollow portion such as a flow passage of a cooling medium can also be used.
- the mandrel (30) When assembling the mandrel (32) and the mandrel ring (35) at normal temperature (T 1 ), the mandrel (30) has the mandrel ring (35) as the mandrel (35) since there is a gap (S 1 ) between them. It is easy to externally fit on 32). Furthermore, when the nut (37) is attached and tightened, the mandrel (32) produces a tensile force in the extrusion direction, and the mandrel ring (35) produces a compressive force in the extrusion direction.
- the mandrel ring is a single material of the base material having abrasion resistance or an alkali resistant coating formed on the surface of the base material.
- the mandrel ring (35) of this embodiment is made of a single material of the base material, and the mandrel ring in which the alkali resistant coating is formed on the surface of the base material will be described in detail later.
- the material constituting the base material of the mandrel ring (35) is excellent in wear resistance, and the coefficient of thermal expansion ( ⁇ 2 ) and the coefficient of thermal expansion ( ⁇ 1 ) of the material constituting the mandrel (32) are ⁇ 1 There is no particular limitation as long as the relationship of &agr; 2 is satisfied.
- the portion including the mandrel (32) (hereinafter simply referred to as "the mandrel") is formed of tool steel, while the base material of the mandrel ring (35) is more than the tool steel. It is made of highly wear resistant carbide material.
- the cemented carbide include cemented carbides such as WC-Co, high speed tool steel, powder high speed tool steel, ceramics and the like.
- Table 1 shows examples of these cemented carbide materials and tool steels and their thermal expansion coefficients.
- the materials exemplified are not limited to the applications described in Table 1 as long as the thermal expansion coefficients of the base of the mandrel (32) and the mandrel ring (35) satisfy the relationship of ⁇ 1 > ⁇ 2 .
- the present invention also includes the case of combining a mandrel of powder high-speed tool steel with a mandrel ring of cemented carbide or ceramic.
- the expansion coefficient of the mandrel ring due to the processing heat at the time of extrusion becomes small, so the extruded material has a more stable size. You can get it. That is, in the case of a mandrel in which a mandrel (tool steel) is combined with a mandrel ring having a small thermal expansion coefficient, the difference in outer diameter between non-extruding and maximum heat generation is greater than the difference in outer diameter of a mandrel made of only tool steel. As it becomes smaller, the thickness of the extruded material becomes stable.
- the product quality after post-processing will also be stable.
- the thickness of the extruded material is not uneven and the thickness is constant, the thickness of the drawn material also becomes constant.
- the thickness of the extruded material is constant, the length of pulling out also becomes constant.
- the material of the base material has high wear resistance, the generation of wear powder is small, and the mixing of the wear powder into the extruded material is also reduced.
- the wear powder of the die which is a foreign substance, is mixed in the extruded material, the quality of the extruded material is, of course, a surface defect of the drawn material.
- the extruded material manufactured using the extrusion die of the present invention is excellent not only in the quality as the extruded material but also as the material for post-processing.
- FIG. 4 shows the variation of the outer diameter (A) of the mandrel (32) and the inner diameter (B) of the mandrel ring (35) with respect to the temperature (T).
- Both the mandrel (32) and the mandrel ring (35) expand in size due to thermal expansion (A T , B T ).
- a T , B T thermal expansion
- the inner diameter (B T1 ) of the mandrel ring is larger than the outer diameter (A T1 ) of the mandrel, and there is a gap of B T1 -A T1 as the actual size.
- the mandrel (32) and the mandrel ring (35) increase in diameter according to their respective coefficients of thermal expansion ( ⁇ 1 ) ( ⁇ 2 ).
- T 2 outer diameter (A T2) and the mandrel inside diameter of the ring (35) of the mandrel (32) at any temperature that satisfies T 1 (T 2) (B T2) comprises the following formula (I) and (II It is expressed by the equation.
- a T2 A T1 ⁇ (T 2 ⁇ T 1 ) ⁇ ⁇ 1 + A T1 (I)
- B T2 B T1 ⁇ (T 2 ⁇ T 1 ) ⁇ ⁇ 2 + B T1 (II)
- ⁇ 1 coefficient of thermal expansion of the material constituting the mandrel
- ⁇ 2 coefficient of thermal expansion of the material constituting the base material of the mandrel ring
- T 1 normal temperature
- T 2 high temperature (> T 1 )
- the gap (S 1 ) gradually decreases because the outside diameter expansion amount of the mandrel (32) exceeds the inside diameter expansion amount of the mandrel ring (35).
- the gap (S 1 ) disappears, the mandrel ring (35) is fixed to the mandrel (32).
- the outer diameter (A Tz ) of the mandrel (32) and the mandrel ring (35) at the temperature (T Z ) as the temperature rises as shown in FIG.
- the inner diameter (B Tz ) of the two becomes equal, the gap (S 1 ) disappears, and the mandrel ring (35) does not come off the mandrel (32) and is in a fixed state.
- the outer diameter (A T ) of the mandrel (32) exceeds the inner diameter (B T ) of the mandrel ring (35).
- the degree of tightness and looseness between the mandrel (32) and the mandrel ring (35) at any temperature (T) is determined by the outer diameter (A T ) of the mandrel (32) and the inner diameter (B) of the mandrel ring (35). based on the ratio of T), it is defined as the following formula (III) interference of the (X T).
- a T ⁇ B T that is, X T ⁇ 0 in the state where there is a gap between the two, indicating that the smaller the interference (X T ) value, the larger the looseness.
- a T > B T that is, X T > 0 when there is no space between the two and the mandrel ring (35) is tightened from inside to the mandrel (32), and the value of interference (X T ) The larger the value of, the larger the tightening force.
- X T (%) (A T / B T -1) ⁇ 100 (III)
- the interference (X T1 ) (X T2 ) between the mandrel (32) and the mandrel ring (35) at normal temperature (T 1 ) and high temperature (T 2 ) (die temperature at extrusion) are respectively represented by formulas (IV) and (V).
- X T1 (%) (A T1 / B T1 -1) ⁇ 100
- X T2 (%) (A T2 / B T2 -1)
- x 100 ⁇ [A T1 ⁇ (T 2 ⁇ T 1 ) ⁇ ⁇ 1 + AT 1 ] ] / [B T 1 ⁇ (T 2 ⁇ T 1 ) ⁇ ⁇ 2 + B T 1 ] -1 ⁇ ⁇ 100
- the mandrel (32) and the mandrel ring (35) are manufactured such that A T1 ⁇ B T1 at normal temperature (T 1 ), so X T1 ⁇ 0, and the interference (X T1 ) is a gap between the two. Showing a loose condition. On the other hand, because it is A T2 ⁇ B T2 disappears gap therebetween at a die temperature during the extrusion (T 2), the interference (X T2) becomes 0 or positive value, a state in which the clamping force is clever It shows. Further, X T2 ⁇ 0 indicates that the mandrel ring (35) is not fixed to the mandrel (32) because there is also slack at the die temperature (T 2 ) at the time of extrusion.
- the tightening force increases as the interference (X T2 ) increases, and the mandrel ring (35) is firmly fixed and difficult to remove, but as described above, the mandrel ring (35) is broken if the tightening force becomes excessively large. There is a fear.
- the force in the extrusion direction is also applied by the material flow.
- the aforementioned interference (X T2 ) is preferably 0.3% or less.
- the lower limit is not defined as long as the interference (X T2 ) is 0 or a positive value, but is preferably 0.05% or more to ensure fixation.
- the particularly preferred interference (X T2 ) is 0.15 to 0.25%.
- the appropriate range of the interference (X T2 ) varies depending on the material of the mandrel (32) and the mandrel ring (35), the thickness of the mandrel ring (35), and the like.
- the interference (X T2 ) at high temperature (T 2 ) is 0
- the outer diameter (A T1 ) of the mandrel (32) and the inner diameter (B T1 ) of the mandrel ring (35) may be set so as to be ⁇ 0.3%.
- the interference in the other part has a value corresponding to the size of the gap (S 1 ) at normal temperature (T 1 ).
- the interference (X T1 ) at normal temperature (T 1 ) is not limited as long as it is a negative value.
- the outer diameter (A T1 ) of the mandrel (32) is smaller than the inner diameter (B T1 ) of the mandrel ring (35), these assembling operations are easy.
- Extrusion die because loose back in when cooled to room temperature (T 1) and finished extrusion ordinary temperature (T 1) interference of the time (X T1) occurs, the mandrel ring from the mandrel (32) and (35) It can be removed. Therefore, maintenance such as removal of worn mandrel rings and installation of new mandrel rings can be easily performed.
- 5A to 5C are schematic diagrams for explaining the thermal expansion in the radial direction, and the thermal expansion in the extrusion axial direction is not shown.
- a nut (37) having a diameter larger than the inner diameter of the mandrel ring (35) is detachably attached to the tip of the mandrel (32).
- high temperature (T 2) mandrel ring (35) when are fixed clamped in the radial direction by a mandrel (32), during the extrusion force is applied to the downstream side by the flow of the material. Therefore, in the mandrel (30), by attaching the nut (37), the mandrel ring (35) is surely prevented from coming off, and the fixing stability is enhanced.
- the interference (X T2 ) can be made smaller than in the case of fixing only by the tightening by the expansion force of the mandrel (32). The risk of breakage of the mandrel ring (35) due to the increase of the interference (X T2 ) can be avoided.
- the dimensions in the extrusion axial direction of the mandrel (32) and the mandrel ring (35) are also made different at normal temperature (T 1 ), and high temperature (T 2 ) It is preferred that the nut (37) sometimes abuts the mandrel ring (35) to ensure that the mandrel ring (35) is restrained by the nut (37).
- FIG. 6A and 6B show preferred dimensional relationships in the direction of extrusion axis of the mandrel (32) and the mandrel ring (35).
- T 1 normal temperature
- the length of the mandrel (32) is shorter than the length of the mandrel ring (35)
- the nut (37) screwed to the bolt portion (34) is the mandrel ring (35).
- the mandrel (32) is given a tensile force corresponding to the gap (S 2 ) between the mandrel (32) and the nut (37), and the mandrel ring (35) is restrained in the extrusion axial direction.
- 6B is a view showing a state at a die temperature (T 2 ) at the time of extrusion in FIG. 6A, and shows a state in which a mandrel (32) and a mandrel ring (35) are respectively expanded.
- mandrel substrate in thermal expansion coefficient (32) (alpha 1) and mandrel ring (35) coefficient of thermal expansion (61) (alpha 2) have a relationship of ⁇ 1> ⁇ 2, the dimensions of the mandrel (32)
- the amount of expansion exceeds the amount of dimensional expansion of the mandrel ring (35), and the gap (S 2 ) changes in the decreasing direction.
- the reduction of the gap (S 2 ) reduces the tensile force applied to the mandrel (32) and the tightening force on the mandrel ring (35), but as long as there is a gap (S 2 ), the nut (37)
- the mandrel ring (35) can not be displaced in the axial direction of extrusion. That is, the mandrel ring (35) is restrained and fixed in both the radial direction and the extrusion axial direction.
- the fixing stability of the mandrel ring (35) can be maintained even if the above-mentioned radial interference (X T2 ) is reduced.
- the circumferential tensile force applied to the mandrel ring (35) can be reduced to avoid breakage due to an increase in interference (X T2 ).
- FIG. 7A shows that the mandrel (32) and the mandrel ring (35) have equal lengths at normal temperature (T 1 ) and there is no gap (S 2 ) between the mandrel (32) and the nut (37) It shows the state.
- FIG. 7B is a diagram showing the state at the die temperature (T 2 ) at the time of extrusion in FIG. 7A, in which the mandrel (32) becomes longer than the mandrel ring (35) due to thermal expansion, the mandrel ring (35) and the nut A gap (S 3 ) is generated between (37).
- the mandrel ring (35) can not be restrained by the nut (37), and the fixing stability in the extrusion axial direction is reduced.
- 6A and 6B show the case where the mandrel (32) is shorter than the mandrel ring (35) at normal temperature (T 1 ), but the difference is small and the length is reversed at the die temperature (T 2 ) during extrusion. If the mandrel (32) is longer than the mandrel ring (35), the restraining by the nut (37) can not be used as shown in FIG. 7B.
- the mandrel (37) in order for the clamping force by the nut (37) to act on the mandrel ring (35) at the die temperature (T 2 ) during extrusion, the mandrel (32) and the mandrel ring (35) at normal temperature (T 1 ) It is preferable to set the dimension in the extrusion axial direction. As the mandrel ring (35) and the nut (37) change in the loosening direction as the temperature of the die rises, to ensure that the tightening force by the nut (37) can be used at the die temperature (T 2 ) at the time of extrusion The nut (37) needs to clamp the mandrel ring (35) at least at normal temperature (T 1 ).
- the mandrel (40) in FIG. 8A has a polygonal cross-sectional shape (hexagonal in the illustrated example), and a mandrel ring (41) having polygonal holes is externally fitted.
- a part of the outline in the cross section is formed as a straight line (43), and a hole corresponding to the sectional shape of the mandrel (42) is formed in the mandrel ring (44).
- semicircular recesses (47) and (48) are formed on the outer peripheral surface of the mandrel (45) and the inner peripheral surface of the mandrel ring (46), and these recesses (47) and (48) are aligned.
- a pin (49) is inserted into a circular hole to be formed.
- the mandrel ring (35) of FIGS. 1 to 7B has a bearing (36) at the center in the axial direction, and reliefs (39a) and (39b) on the upstream and downstream sides of the bearing (36).
- the strength of the mandrel ring (35) is secured.
- the position of the bearing portion is not limited to the above example, and the presence or absence of the relief portion does not matter.
- the bearing portion can be changed as appropriate. Below, the example of the position of the bearing part in an axial direction is shown.
- the entire area in the axial direction is the bearing portion (36) and there is no relief portion.
- the relief portion is not necessarily required.
- Such shaped mandrel ring (50) is suitable for extrusion of large materials. Further, the manufacturing cost of the mandrel ring can be reduced by not forming the relief portion.
- the mandrel ring (52) of FIG. 9B has the same axial length as the mandrel ring (35) of FIGS. 1-7B, but with the bearing portion (36) located downstream of the axial center. It is. As compared with the mandrel ring (35), the upstream relief portion (39a) is longer and the downstream relief portion (39b) is shorter. Also, the mandrel ring (54) of FIG. 9C is also identical in axial length to the mandrel ring (35) of FIGS. 1-7B, but without the relief portion at the downstream side, the bearing portion at the downstream end (36) is provided.
- These mandrel rings (52) (54) have a nut (37) from the downstream end of the bearing portion (36) since the bearing portion (36) is closer to the downstream side than the mandrel ring (35) in FIGS.
- the distance (P) to the downstream end face of (a), that is, the tip of the mandrel is shortened, and the protrusion amount (P) of the mandrel into the bearing hole (12) of the female die (11) is reduced.
- the present invention does not limit the position of the bearing portion to the downstream side, and as shown in FIG. 9D, a mandrel ring (56) having the bearing portion (36) moved to the upstream side is also included in the present invention Be
- the die Since the extruded material adheres to the die after extrusion, the die is washed with a strong alkaline liquid such as caustic soda in die maintenance after extrusion.
- a strong alkaline liquid such as caustic soda
- the binder Co is selectively corroded and dissolved by the strong alkaline solution, and the surface strength is reduced due to the detachment of Co, resulting in a worn state.
- a hard and abrasion resistant alkali resistant coating is formed on the surface of the substrate to protect the substrate.
- the alkali resistant coating prevents the dissolution of the components on the surface of the substrate to prevent the abrasion of the substrate.
- the alkali resistant coating has high hardness and wear resistance, abrasion of the coating itself by extrusion is prevented, and the dissolution preventing effect can be maintained for a long time.
- the mandrels shown in FIGS. 10A-10D have a mandrel ring (60) (64) (66) (68) with a bearing portion (36) at the center in the axial direction, similar to the mandrel (30) in FIGS. However, the difference is that the mandrel ring has an alkali resistant coating (62) on the surface of the substrate (61). Further, the mandrel shown in FIG. 10E is that the mandrel ring (64) has an alkali resistant coating (62) on the surface of the base (61) and the shape of the nut (37) is different. 10A to 10E, the same reference numerals as those in FIGS. 1 to 7B denote the same components, and a redundant description will be omitted.
- the mandrel ring is fixed to the mandrel at the die temperature at the time of extrusion using the difference in thermal expansion coefficient with the mandrel, and the appropriate interference (X T2 ) is set.
- the inner diameter (B T1 ) of the mandrel ring is set as a dimension including the thickness of the alkali resistant coating (62).
- the mandrel ring (60) of FIG. 10A is an alkali resistant coating on all surfaces of the outer peripheral surface (61a), the inner peripheral surface (61b), the upstream end surface (61c), and the downstream end surface (61d) of the base material (61). (62) is formed.
- the type of the alkali resistant coating (62) is not limited as long as it has alkali resistance and abrasion resistance, and the coatings described in Table 2 can be exemplified.
- the alkali resistant coating (62) preferably has a hardness higher than that of the substrate (61).
- the HRA hardness of the cemented carbide (WC-Co) is about 85 (900 in HV hardness)
- the preferred HV hardness of the alkali resistant coating (62) is 900 or more, particularly preferably 1800 or more.
- the abrasion resistance of the mandrel ring (35) can be further improved by forming an alkali-resistant coating (62) having a hardness higher than that of the substrate (61).
- the coatings described in Table 2 all have an HV hardness of at least 1800.
- the thickness of the alkali resistant coating (62) is also not limited, but is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more in order to obtain sufficient effects.
- the particularly preferred thickness is 2 to 8 ⁇ m.
- the alkali resistant coating (62) can be formed by subjecting a base material (61) molded into a predetermined shape to a known surface treatment such as CVD or PVD.
- the substrate temperature (61) repeats expansion and contraction by repeating the state of die temperature (T 2 ) and normal temperature (T 1 ) at the time of extrusion. If the thickness of the alkali resistant coating (62) is not cracked in the coating, dissolution by the alkaline cleaning solution from the broken part does not occur.
- the alkali resistant coating (62) is not only the outer peripheral surface (61a) to which the extruded material adheres, but also the inner peripheral surface (61b) and the end surface (61c) (61d) not requiring wear resistance.
- the reason for being formed is also as follows. Since the die temperature during cleaning is lower than the normal temperature (T 1 ) or the temperature during extrusion (T 2 ), the mandrel (32) and the mandrel ring (60) shrink respectively and loose the interference, both There is a gap (S 1 ) between them.
- the cleaning solution may enter this gap (S 1 ) from the threaded portion of the bolt (34) of the mandrel (32) and the nut (37), and the inner peripheral surface (61b) of the mandrel ring (60) is also May come in contact with the cleaning solution.
- the inner peripheral surface (61b) of the mandrel ring (60) is dissolved and the inner diameter is expanded, the fixing stability in the radial direction of the mandrel ring (60) is reduced, which in turn causes the extrusion stability to be reduced.
- the alkali-resistant coating (62) is formed also on the inner peripheral surface (61b) where the cleaning solution may come into contact due to the looseness of the interference.
- both end surfaces (61c) (61d) of the mandrel ring (60) are the die base (31) Since the step (33) and the nut (37) are strongly pressed, the possibility of the cleaning solution entering the joint is extremely low, and the penetration of the cleaning solution which adversely affects the extrusion stability does not occur.
- an alkali-resistant coating (the mandrel ring (64) shown in FIG. 10B) is applied to the outer peripheral surface (61a) and the inner peripheral surface (61b) of the base material (61). If 62) is formed, the possibility of the cleaning liquid coming into contact with the inner peripheral surface (61b) is extremely low even if the alkali resistant coating (62) is not formed on both end surfaces (61c) (61d). It does not reduce the fixing stability of the ring (64).
- the mandrel ring (60) of FIG. 10A and the mandrel ring (64) of FIG. 10B have a relief diameter larger than that of the flange (37a) of the nut (37), and the outer edge of the downstream end face (61d)
- the cleaning solution comes in contact with it because it protrudes from 37a. Therefore, in the mandrel ring (64) of FIG. 10B in which the downstream end surface (61d) is not covered with the alkali resistant coating, the outer edge portion of the downstream end surface (61d) contacts the cleaning liquid and dissolves in the substrate (61). It occurs. However, even if the outer edge portion of the downstream end surface dissolves during cleaning, the fixing stability of the mandrel ring does not decrease due to the dimensional change caused by the dissolution, so the alkali-resistant coating on the end surface is not an essential requirement.
- the present invention does not exclude the alkali-resistant coating on the end surface of the mandrel ring, but the mandrel ring (60) having the alkali-resistant coating (62) formed on the entire surface of the substrate (61) shown in FIG.
- a mandrel ring (66) having an alkali resistant coating (62) formed on only one of the upstream end face (61c) and the downstream end face (61d) of the base material (61) as shown in 10C and 10D (68) is also included in the present invention.
- the downstream end face of the mandrel ring is dissolved but does not adversely affect the fixing stability, it is possible to extend the life of the mandrel ring as much as possible, rather than dissolving the outer edge portion of the downstream end face It is clear that it is preferable not to dissolve.
- the diameter of the flange (37b) of the nut (37) is enlarged to make the same size as the relief diameter of the mandrel ring (64).
- the structure which covers the downstream end surface (61d) of a base material (61) by 37b) can be recommended.
- an alkali resistant coating (62) is formed on the downstream end surface (61d) of the substrate (61) to protect the substrate (61). Is also preferred.
- the cleaning solution does not contact the inner peripheral surface of the mandrel ring, it can be selected not to form an alkali resistant coating on the inner peripheral surface.
- the mandrel (71) is detachable from the pedestal (24) of the base portion, and the mandrel ring (78) from the upstream side of the main body (72) of the mandrel (71).
- It is a fitting structure. (72a) in the drawings is the outer peripheral surface of the main body. In such a structure, a screw is formed at the upstream end of the main body (72), and the head (74) restrains the mandrel ring (78) by tightening the screw on the pedestal (24).
- the head (74) does not need to be removed from the main body (72), and the head (74) is integrally formed continuously from the main body (72).
- the mandrel (71) since there is no screwing portion in the head (74) corresponding to the nut (37) in FIGS. 10A to 10D, there is no infiltration of the cleaning fluid from the downstream side into the gap (S 1 ).
- both end surfaces (61c) (61d) of the base material (61) are strongly pressed by the pedestal (24) and the flange (77) of the head (74), the base is the same as the mandrels of FIGS.
- the cleaning solution does not enter from both end faces (61c) (61d) of the material (61).
- the inner peripheral surface of the mandrel ring (78) does not contact the cleaning solution. Therefore, in the mandrel structure in which the washing solution does not enter from the tip end side (downstream side) of the mandrel, as shown in FIG. 11, the alkali resistant coating (62) is formed only on the outer peripheral surface (61a) of the substrate (61), Even if a mandrel ring (78) which does not form an alkali resistant coating (62) on the upstream end surface (61c), the downstream end surface (61d) and the inner circumferential surface (61b), the effect of the alkali resistant coating can be obtained .
- the base material protective effect by the alkali resistant coating and extend the life of the mandrel ring if the alkali resistant coating is formed on at least the outer peripheral surface of the substrate in the mandrel ring, and in other aspects According to the structure of the mandrel, the protective effect on the substrate can be further enhanced by forming a film.
- the advantage of not forming an alkali resistant coating on a part of the surface of the substrate in the mandrel ring is that the cost of surface treatment for forming the alkali resistant coating can be reduced.
- the CVD and PVD exemplified above as the surface treatment method are advantageous in cost because there is a difference in treatment cost between the treatment for forming a film on the entire surface and the treatment for not forming a film on a part of the surface.
- the mandrel ring can be easily attached to and detached from the mandrel, and maintenance such as replacement of the mandrel ring can be easily performed. And since it is also possible to re-form an alkali-resistant film to the mandrel ring removed from the mandrel, the strength of the mandrel ring is lengthened by the protection effect of the substrate by the alkali-resistant film and the re-formation of the alkali-resistant film. It can be maintained for a long time to extend its life.
- the extrusion die of the present invention can be applied not only to the extrusion of a hollow material having a closed hollow portion, but also to the extrusion of a semi-hollow material in which a part of the hollow portion is open.
- the material to be formed using the extrusion die of the present invention is not limited as long as it is metal, and aluminum, copper, iron and alloys thereof can be exemplified.
- the mandrel (32) prepares three types of outer diameter (D 2 ) of 18 mm, 21 mm and 24 mm, and the mandrel ring (35) is the outer diameter (D 3 ) of the bearing portion (36) Is 30 mm, and those having holes corresponding to the outer diameters (D 2 ) of the three types of mandrels (32) are combined.
- the normal temperature (T 1 ) was 20 ° C.
- the high temperature (T 2 ) was 550 ° C., which corresponds to the die temperature at the time of extrusion.
- the thermal expansion coefficient ( ⁇ 1 ) of the mandrel (32) is 13 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 / ° C.
- the thermal expansion coefficient ( ⁇ 2 ) of the mandrel ring (35) is 7 ⁇ 10 It is -6 / ° C.
- the interference (X T2 ) at high temperature (T 2 ) becomes a value within the seven steps shown in Table 2
- the outer diameter (A T1 ) of the mandrel (32) and the inner diameter (B T1 ) of the mandrel ring (35) at normal temperature (T 1 ) were finely adjusted.
- a male mold (20) having 21 kinds of mandrels (30) was prepared.
- the mandrel (30) was heated to 550 ° C. (T 2 ) after the mandrel ring (35) was externally fitted onto the mandrel (32) at normal temperature (T 1 ).
- T 2 normal temperature
- T 1 normal temperature
- T 2 normal temperature
- ⁇ Mandrel and mandrel ring are loose and not fixed.
- ⁇ The mandrel ring is fixed to the mandrel.
- the extruded material has a larger uneven thickness than " ⁇ ”.
- ⁇ The mandrel ring is more firmly fixed to the mandrel than “o”, and the thickness of the extruded material is smaller.
- X The mandrel ring was broken.
- Test 2 Among the 21 types of male molds used in Test 1, the outer diameter (D 2 ) of the mandrel (32) is 21 mm, and the interference (X T2 ) at high temperature is ⁇ 0.05 ⁇ X T2 ⁇ 0, 0. For three types of 05 ⁇ X T2 ⁇ 0.10 and 0.20 ⁇ X T2 ⁇ 0.25, extrusion test is performed with a porthole die (10) combined with a female die (11), and extrusion of a hollow extruded The uneven thickness of the wood (1) was examined.
- the extruded material is an A3003 aluminum alloy billet having a diameter of 160 mm and a length of 500 mm
- the extruded material (1) is a cylindrical tube having an outer diameter of 35 mm and an inner diameter of 30 mm.
- the die temperature at the time of extrusion was adjusted to 550 ° C., and extrusion was performed while 12 billets were spliced to each die.
- tip part of each billet and a back end in extruded material (1) was investigated.
- the uneven thickness value is the difference between the thickest portion and the thinnest portion in the thickness of the cylindrical tube.
- the uneven thickness values of each porthole die (10) are shown in Table 4.
- the present application relates to claim priority of Japanese Patent Application No. 2009-739 filed on Jan. 6, 2009, and the disclosure content thereof constitutes a part of the present application as it is.
- the extrusion die of the present invention can be used for the production of various extruded materials having hollow portions or semi-hollow portions.
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Abstract
Description
前記マンドレルリングは、基材が心棒よりも熱膨張係数の小さい材料からなる材料で構成され、
前記心棒の外周面およびマンドレルリングの内周面が、マンドレルリングを心棒に外嵌めした状態において、常温時に両者間に隙間があり、押出時のダイス温度時に、マンドレルの軸線方向の少なくとも一部においてその隙間が無くなって両者が接触するように設定されていることを特徴とする押出ダイス。
XT2={〔AT1×(T2-T1)×α1+AT1〕/〔BT1×(T2-T1)×α2+BT1〕-1}×100
ただし、α1:心棒を構成する材料の熱膨張係数
α2:マンドレルリングの基材を構成する材料の熱膨張係数(α1>α2)
T1:常温
T2:押出時のダイス温度(>T1)
AT1:常温(T1)時の心棒の外径
BT1:常温(T1)時のマンドレルリングの内径(>AT1)
[3]前記心棒の先端にマンドレルリングの抜け落ちを防止する抑え部材が着脱自在に取り付けられる前項1または2に記載の押出ダイス。
[10]前記マンドレルリングは軸線方向の全域がベアリング部となされている前項1~7のいずれかに記載の押出ダイス。
常温(T1)時の隙間が最小となる部分において、下記式で表される心棒とマンドレルリングとの締め代(XT2)が0~0.3%となるダイス温度(T2)で押し出すことを特徴とする押出方法。
XT2={〔AT1×(T2-T1)×α1+AT1〕/〔BT1×(T2-T1)×α2+BT1〕-1}×100
ただし、α1:心棒を構成する材料の熱膨張係数
α2:マンドレルリングの基材を構成する材料の熱膨張係数(α1>α2)
T1:常温
T2:押出時のダイス温度(>T1)
AT1:常温(T1)時の心棒の外径
BT1:常温(T1)時のマンドレルリングの内径(>AT1)
[14]前記押出ダイスのマンドレルリングは、前記基材の少なくとも外周面に硬質の耐アルカリ被膜が形成されてなり、押出後のダイスメンテナンスにおいてアルカリ洗浄を行う前項13に記載の押出方法。
常温(T1)時の隙間が最小となる部分において、下記式で表される心棒とマンドレルリングとの締め代(XT2)が0~0.3%となるダイス温度(T2)で押し出すことを特徴とする、押出材の製造方法。
XT2={〔AT1×(T2-T1)×α1+AT1〕/〔BT1×(T2-T1)×α2+BT1〕-1}×100
ただし、α1:心棒を構成する材料の熱膨張係数
α2:マンドレルリングの基材を構成する材料の熱膨張係数(α1>α2)
T1:常温
T2:押出時のダイス温度(>T1)
AT1:常温(T1)時の心棒の外径
BT1:常温(T1)時のマンドレルリングの内径(>AT1)
本発明のマンドレルは、マンドレルリングを心棒に外嵌めした状態において、常温時に両者間に隙間があり、押出時のダイス温度において、マンドレルの軸線方向の少なくとも一部においてその隙間が無くなって両者が接触するように設定されている限り、前記心棒の外周面およびマンドレルリングの内周面の形状は任意に設定することができる。即ち、本発明におけるマンドレルの形状に関する条件は下記(1)(2)である。
(1)常温時にマンドレルリングを心棒に外嵌めすることができる隙間があること
(2)押出時のダイス温度において、軸線方向の少なくとも一部においてその隙間が無くなって心棒とマンドレルリングとが接触すること
本発明における「押出時のダイス温度」とは、心棒(32)およびマンドレルリング(35)が高温押出時に所定の温度となり、そのときの温度をいう。
本発明において、マンドレルリングは耐摩耗性を有する基材の単独材またはこの基材の表面に耐アルカリ被膜を形成したものである。
図4は、温度(T)に対する心棒(32)の外径(A)およびマンドレルリング(35)の内径(B)の変化を示したものである。
BT2=BT1×(T2-T1)×α2+BT1 …(II)
ただし、α1:心棒を構成する材料の熱膨張係数
α2:マンドレルリングの基材を構成する材料の熱膨張係数
T1:常温
T2:高温(>T1)
AT1:常温(T1)時の心棒の外径
BT1:常温(T1)時のマンドレルリングの内径(>AT1)
押出時、ダイスは所定温度に加熱されて常温(T1)よりも高温となる。従って、図4および図5Bに示すように、押出時のダイス温度(T2)において、心棒(32)の外径(AT2)がマンドレルリング(35)の内径(BT2)と等しくなるか、心棒(32)の外径(AT2)がマンドレルリング(35)の内径(BT2)を上回るように、常温(T1)時の心棒(32)の外径(AT1)およびマンドレルリング(35)の内径(BT1)を設定すれば、マンドレルリング(35)を心棒(32)に固定した状態で押出を行うことができる。そして、マンドレルリング(35)が心棒(32)に固定された状態で押出を行うと、押出材(1)の偏肉が抑制されて高品質の押出材(1)を製造することができる。ただし、心棒(32)の膨張力が過剰になってマンドレルリング(35)の引張力の限界を超えるとマンドレルリング(35)が破損するので、材料の熱膨張係数(α1、α2)と押出時のダイス温度(T2)を勘案して、高温時に適度な引張力を生じさせるように、常温(T1)時の心棒(32)の外径(AT1)およびマンドレルリング(35)の内径(BT1)を設定する。
XT(%)=(AT/BT-1)×100 …(III)
XT1(%)=(AT1/BT1-1)×100 …(IV)
XT2(%)=(AT2/BT2-1)×100
={〔AT1×(T2-T1)×α1+AT1〕/〔BT1×(T2-T1)×α2+BT1〕-1}×100
上記実施形態のマンドレル(30)においては、心棒(32)の先端に、マンドレルリング(35)の内径よりも径の大きいナット(37)が着脱自在に取り付けられている。高温(T2)時のマンドレルリング(35)は心棒(32)によって径方向に締め付けられて固定されるが、押出中は材料の流れにより下流側への力が加わる。そこで、前記マンドレル(30)においては、ナット(37)を取り付けることでマンドレルリング(35)の抜け落ちを確実に防ぎ、固定安定性を高めている。また、ナット(37)を取り付けて押出軸方向の拘束力を加えることで、心棒(32)の膨張力による締め付けのみで固定する場合よりも、締め代(XT2)を小さくすることができるので、締め代(XT2)の増大によるマンドレルリング(35)の破損の危険性を回避できる。
マンドレルにおいては、心棒およびマンドレルリングの孔の断面形状を非円形に形成することにより、マンドレルリングの周方向の回動を阻止することができる。これにより、周方向のずれがなくなって固定安定性を高めるとともに、マンドレルリングの位置決めを行うことができる。特に、押出材の中空部の形状が円以外の場合は、周方向の位置決めが必要となるため、適用意義が大きい。
図1~7Bのマンドレルリング(35)は、軸線方向の中央にベアリング部(36)を形成し、ベアリング部(36)の上流側および下流側にリリーフ部(39a)(39b)を設けることによってマンドレルリング(35)の強度を確保している。本発明におけるマンドレルリングは、ベアリング部の位置を上記例に限定するものではなく、かつリリーフ部の有無も問わない。ベアリング部は適宜変更することができる。以下に、軸線方向におけるベアリング部の位置の例を示す。
本発明において、上述したマンドレルリングの特性を長期に維持するための手段として、マンドレルリングを構成する基材の表面に耐アルカリ被膜を形成して基材を保護することを推奨する。
図1~3に示すポートホールダイス(10)において、雄型(20)のマンドレル(30)の心棒(32)を含む部分を工具鋼(SKD61)で製作し、マンドレルリング(35)を超硬合金(WC-Co)で製作し、高温に加熱してマンドレルリング(35)の固定状態を調べた。
○:マンドレルリングは心棒に固定される。また、押出材は「◎」よりも偏肉が大きい。
◎:マンドレルリングは「○」よりも心棒にしっかりと固定され、押出材の偏肉も小さい。
×:マンドレルリングが破損した。
試験1で用いた21種類の雄型のうち、心棒(32)の外径(D2)が21mmで、高温時の締め代(XT2)が-0.05≦XT2<0、0.05≦XT2<0.10、0.20≦XT2<0.25の3種類について、雌型(11)と組み合わせたポートホールダイス(10)により押出試験を行い、押し出された中空の押出材(1)の偏肉を調べた。
10…ポートホールダイス
11…雌型
20…雄型(押出ダイス)
21…ダイス基盤
30、70…マンドレル
32…心棒
32a、72a…心棒の外周面
35、50、52、54、56、60、64、66、68、78…マンドレルリング
35a…マンドレルリングの内周面
36…ベアリング部
37…ナット(抑え部材)
39a、39b…リリーフ部
61…基材
61a…基材の外周面
61b…基材の内周面
62…耐アルカリ被膜
72…心棒の本体部(心棒)
Claims (15)
- 押出材の内面を成形するマンドレルが、心棒と、該心棒に外嵌めされるマンドレルリングとを有し、
前記マンドレルリングは、基材が心棒よりも熱膨張係数の小さい材料からなる材料で構成され、
前記心棒の外周面およびマンドレルリングの内周面が、マンドレルリングを心棒に外嵌めした状態において、常温時に両者間に隙間があり、押出時のダイス温度時に、マンドレルの軸線方向の少なくとも一部においてその隙間が無くなって両者が接触するように設定されていることを特徴とする押出ダイス。 - 常温(T1)時の隙間が最小となる部分において、押出時のダイス温度(T2)における心棒とマンドレルリングとの締め代(XT2)が下記式で表されるとき、常温(T1)時における前記心棒の外径(AT1)およびマンドレルリングの内径(BT1)が前記締め代(XT2)が0~0.3%となるように設定されている請求項1に記載の押出ダイス。
XT2={〔AT1×(T2-T1)×α1+AT1〕/〔BT1×(T2-T1)×α2+BT1〕-1}×100
ただし、α1:心棒を構成する材料の熱膨張係数
α2:マンドレルリングの基材を構成する材料の熱膨張係数(α1>α2)
T1:常温
T2:押出時のダイス温度(>T1)
AT1:常温(T1)時の心棒の外径
BT1:常温(T1)時のマンドレルリングの内径(>AT1) - 前記心棒の先端にマンドレルリングの抜け落ちを防止する抑え部材が着脱自在に取り付けられる請求項1または2に記載の押出ダイス。
- 前記心棒の断面形状が非円形である請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の押出ダイス。
- 前記心棒が中実である請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の押出ダイス。
- 前記マンドレルリングは超硬材料からなる請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の押出ダイス。
- 前記マンドレルリングはセラミック材料からなる請求項6に記載の押出ダイス。
- 前記マンドレルリングはベアリング部の上流側および下流側の少なくとも一方にリリーフ部を有する請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の押出ダイス。
- 前記マンドレルリングは軸線方向の中央よりも下流側にベアリング部が形成されている請求項8に記載の押出ダイス
- 前記マンドレルリングは軸線方向の全域がベアリング部となされている請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の押出ダイス。
- 前記マンドレルリングは、前記基材の少なくとも外周面に硬質の耐アルカリ被膜が形成されてなる請求項1~10のいずれかに記載の押出ダイス。
- 前記マンドレルリングは、基材の外周面および内周面にのみ耐アルカリ被膜が形成されてなる請求項11に記載の押出ダイス。
- 押出材の内面を成形するマンドレルが、心棒と、該心棒に外嵌めされるマンドレルリングとを有し、前記マンドレルリングは、基材が心棒よりも熱膨張係数の小さい材料からなる材料で構成された押出ダイスを用い、
常温(T1)時の隙間が最小となる部分において、下記式で表される心棒とマンドレルリングとの締め代(XT2)が0~0.3%となるダイス温度(T2)で押し出すことを特徴とする押出方法。
XT2={〔AT1×(T2-T1)×α1+AT1〕/〔BT1×(T2-T1)×α2+BT1〕-1}×100
ただし、α1:心棒を構成する材料の熱膨張係数
α2:マンドレルリングの基材を構成する材料の熱膨張係数(α1>α2)
T1:常温
T2:押出時のダイス温度(>T1)
AT1:常温(T1)時の心棒の外径
BT1:常温(T1)時のマンドレルリングの内径(>AT1) - 前記押出ダイスのマンドレルリングは、前記基材の少なくとも外周面に硬質の耐アルカリ被膜が形成されてなり、押出後のダイスメンテナンスにおいてアルカリ洗浄を行う請求項13に記載の押出方法。
- 押出材の内面を成形するマンドレルが、心棒と、該心棒に外嵌めされるマンドレルリングとを有し、前記マンドレルリングは、基材が心棒よりも熱膨張係数の小さい材料からなる材料で構成された押出ダイスを用い、
常温(T1)時の隙間が最小となる部分において、下記式で表される心棒とマンドレルリングとの締め代(XT2)が0~0.3%となるダイス温度(T2)で押し出すことを特徴とする、押出材の製造方法。
XT2={〔AT1×(T2-T1)×α1+AT1〕/〔BT1×(T2-T1)×α2+BT1〕-1}×100
ただし、α1:心棒を構成する材料の熱膨張係数
α2:マンドレルリングの基材を構成する材料の熱膨張係数(α1>α2)
T1:常温
T2:押出時のダイス温度(>T1)
AT1:常温(T1)時の心棒の外径
BT1:常温(T1)時のマンドレルリングの内径(>AT1)
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US13/143,246 US20110291312A1 (en) | 2009-01-06 | 2009-12-28 | Extrusion die |
JP2010545736A JPWO2010079722A1 (ja) | 2009-01-06 | 2009-12-28 | 押出ダイス |
CN200980157650.4A CN102341195B (zh) | 2009-01-06 | 2009-12-28 | 挤压模具 |
KR1020117015516A KR101319188B1 (ko) | 2009-01-06 | 2009-12-28 | 압출 다이스 |
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JP2009-000739 | 2009-01-06 | ||
JP2009000739 | 2009-01-06 |
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WO2010079722A1 true WO2010079722A1 (ja) | 2010-07-15 |
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PCT/JP2009/071795 WO2010079722A1 (ja) | 2009-01-06 | 2009-12-28 | 押出ダイス |
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US (1) | US20110291312A1 (ja) |
JP (2) | JPWO2010079722A1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101319188B1 (ja) |
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US20240017313A1 (en) * | 2022-07-12 | 2024-01-18 | Exco Technologies Limited | Shrink ring for extrusion die, and extrusion die comprising same |
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JP6427670B2 (ja) | 2015-07-01 | 2018-11-21 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | パターン形成方法、及び電子デバイスの製造方法 |
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US4169366A (en) * | 1974-09-27 | 1979-10-02 | Swiss Aluminium Ltd. | Device for extruding hollow and semi-hollow sections |
JPH06512U (ja) * | 1992-06-12 | 1994-01-11 | 日本軽金属株式会社 | 中空製品押出用マンドレル |
JP2001515791A (ja) * | 1997-09-10 | 2001-09-25 | ヴェファ・ヴェルクツォイクファブリック・ジンゲン・ゲー・エム・ベー・ハー | 押出し金型とその製造法 |
JPH11129024A (ja) * | 1997-10-30 | 1999-05-18 | Showa Alum Corp | 中空材押出用の分割型の押出ダイス |
CN101219448B (zh) * | 2008-01-29 | 2010-08-04 | 重庆大学 | 一种免洗模的镁合金管材挤压模具 |
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2009
- 2009-12-28 KR KR1020117015516A patent/KR101319188B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2009-12-28 WO PCT/JP2009/071795 patent/WO2010079722A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2009-12-28 US US13/143,246 patent/US20110291312A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-12-28 JP JP2010545736A patent/JPWO2010079722A1/ja active Pending
- 2009-12-28 CN CN200980157650.4A patent/CN102341195B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2014
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JPS61209719A (ja) * | 1985-03-13 | 1986-09-18 | Showa Alum Corp | ポ−トホ−ルダイス雄型 |
JPH03192369A (ja) * | 1989-12-22 | 1991-08-22 | Mitsubishi Kasei Corp | 電子写真感光体用アルミニウム円筒基体の製造方法 |
JPH0615348A (ja) * | 1992-07-03 | 1994-01-25 | Showa Alum Corp | 超硬ダイス |
JP2000197914A (ja) * | 1998-12-25 | 2000-07-18 | Showa Alum Corp | 中空形材の押出用ダイス |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20240017313A1 (en) * | 2022-07-12 | 2024-01-18 | Exco Technologies Limited | Shrink ring for extrusion die, and extrusion die comprising same |
US11998965B2 (en) * | 2022-07-12 | 2024-06-04 | Exco Technologies Limited | Shrink ring for extrusion die, and extrusion die comprising same |
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JP2014240092A (ja) | 2014-12-25 |
CN102341195A (zh) | 2012-02-01 |
KR20110096570A (ko) | 2011-08-30 |
JPWO2010079722A1 (ja) | 2012-06-21 |
US20110291312A1 (en) | 2011-12-01 |
KR101319188B1 (ko) | 2013-10-16 |
CN102341195B (zh) | 2014-10-08 |
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