WO2010029720A1 - 窒化物系半導体発光素子およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
窒化物系半導体発光素子およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010029720A1 WO2010029720A1 PCT/JP2009/004415 JP2009004415W WO2010029720A1 WO 2010029720 A1 WO2010029720 A1 WO 2010029720A1 JP 2009004415 W JP2009004415 W JP 2009004415W WO 2010029720 A1 WO2010029720 A1 WO 2010029720A1
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 156
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/005—Processes
- H01L33/0062—Processes for devices with an active region comprising only III-V compounds
- H01L33/0066—Processes for devices with an active region comprising only III-V compounds with a substrate not being a III-V compound
- H01L33/007—Processes for devices with an active region comprising only III-V compounds with a substrate not being a III-V compound comprising nitride compounds
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/12—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a stress relaxation structure, e.g. buffer layer
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02436—Intermediate layers between substrates and deposited layers
- H01L21/02439—Materials
- H01L21/02455—Group 13/15 materials
- H01L21/02458—Nitrides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02518—Deposited layers
- H01L21/02521—Materials
- H01L21/02538—Group 13/15 materials
- H01L21/0254—Nitrides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02612—Formation types
- H01L21/02617—Deposition types
- H01L21/02636—Selective deposition, e.g. simultaneous growth of mono- and non-monocrystalline semiconductor materials
- H01L21/02639—Preparation of substrate for selective deposition
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/025—Physical imperfections, e.g. particular concentration or distribution of impurities
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/16—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a particular crystal structure or orientation, e.g. polycrystalline, amorphous or porous
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a nitride semiconductor light emitting device and a method for manufacturing the same.
- the present invention is particularly applicable to light emitting diodes, laser diodes and other GaN in the visible wavelength range such as ultraviolet, blue, green, orange and white, which are expected to be applied to the fields of display, illumination and optical information processing.
- the present invention relates to a semiconductor light emitting device.
- a nitride semiconductor having nitrogen (N) as a group V element is considered promising as a material for a short-wavelength light-emitting element because of its large band gap.
- LEDs blue light-emitting diodes
- Green LEDs Green LEDs
- semiconductor lasers made of GaN-based semiconductors have also been put into practical use (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- a semiconductor device is manufactured using a GaN-based semiconductor
- a sapphire substrate, a SiC substrate, a Si substrate, or the like is used as a substrate on which a GaN-based semiconductor crystal is grown.
- many dislocations edge dislocations, screw dislocations, mixed dislocations
- the dislocation is about 1 ⁇ 10 9 cm ⁇ 2 . Dislocations are formed with density.
- a semiconductor laser causes an increase in threshold current and a decrease in reliability
- an LED causes an increase in power consumption and a decrease in efficiency or reliability.
- the existing GaN substrate although the dislocation density is reduced, the strain remaining in the crystal is large, and even if a GaN-based semiconductor crystal is formed thereon, the same problem cannot be avoided.
- ELO selective lateral growth
- the inventor of the present application has found that there is a new problem in the GaN-based semiconductor light-emitting element grown by the ELO method. That is, when a GaN-based semiconductor crystal grown by the ELO method was examined with an X-ray microbeam, it was found that uneven strain was distributed in the plane of the GaN-based semiconductor crystal. This non-uniform strain distribution is undesirable because it causes in-plane non-uniform light emission.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and its main purpose is to suppress the occurrence of non-uniform strain in a nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting element that has been crystal-grown by the ELO method.
- the semiconductor device of the present invention is a nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting element having a nitride-based semiconductor multilayer structure
- the N overflow suppression layer includes a layer containing In having a concentration of 1 ⁇ 10 16 atms / cm 3 or more and 1 ⁇ 10 19 atms / cm 3 or less.
- the In concentration of the In-containing layer is 8 ⁇ 10 18 / cm 3 or less.
- the In-containing layer is disposed at a position closest to the active layer in the Al d Ga e N overflow suppression layer.
- the thickness of the In-containing layer is not more than half of the thickness of the Al d Ga e N overflow suppression layer.
- An embodiment further includes a selective growth layer, wherein the nitride-based semiconductor stacked structure is formed on the selective growth layer, and the Al d Ga e N overflow suppression layer is the selective growth with respect to the active layer. Located on the opposite side of the layer.
- the nitride-based semiconductor multilayer structure has an m-plane on the surface.
- An embodiment includes a substrate and the Al u Ga v In w N layer formed on the substrate and partially covered with a mask layer, and the selective growth layer includes the Al u Ga v In w The surface of the N layer is in contact with the region not covered with the mask layer.
- a portion of the surface of the Al u Ga v In w N layer covered with the mask layer forms a recess, and the selective growth layer is not in contact with the mask layer.
- the selective growth layer is at least a part of a GaN substrate.
- the In concentration in the In-containing layer decreases as the distance from the active layer increases.
- an undoped GaN layer is formed between the active layer and the Al d Ga e N overflow suppression layer.
- a method for manufacturing a nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting device is a method for manufacturing a nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting device having a nitride-based semiconductor multilayer structure, and a part of the nitride-based semiconductor multilayer structure includes Al.
- the Al d Ga e N overflow suppression layer has a concentration of 1 ⁇ 10 16 atms / cm 3. forming a layer containing 1 ⁇ 10 19 atms / cm 3 or less of in or That.
- the In concentration of the In-containing layer is 8 ⁇ 10 18 / cm 3 or less.
- the In-containing layer is disposed at a position closest to the active layer in the Al d Ga e N overflow suppression layer.
- the thickness of the In-containing layer is not more than half of the thickness of the Al d Ga e N overflow suppression layer.
- An embodiment further includes a selective growth layer, and in the step (b), the Al d Ga e N overflow suppression layer is provided on a side of the active layer opposite to a side where the selective growth layer is located.
- the nitride-based semiconductor multilayer structure has an m-plane on the surface.
- a step (e) of forming the selective growth layer and in the step (e), at least a part of the Al x Ga y In z N crystal layer is grown in the lateral direction.
- the selective growth layer covering the mask layer is formed.
- a recess is formed in the Al u Ga v In w N layer, a mask layer is formed on a bottom surface of the recess, and in the step (e), an upper surface of the mask layer is formed.
- the selective growth layer is grown on an air layer.
- An embodiment further includes a step of removing at least a part of the substrate after the step (b).
- a layer containing In having a concentration of 1 ⁇ 10 16 atms / cm 3 or more and 1 ⁇ 10 19 atms / cm 3 or less is formed in the Al d Ga e N layer, thereby producing nitride semiconductor light emission. Generation of nonuniform distortion in the element can be suppressed. As a result, in-plane non-uniform light emission can be prevented from occurring in the nitride semiconductor light emitting device.
- (A) is a sectional view schematically showing a second embodiment of the present invention, (b) the atoms in the active layer 32, an undoped GaN layer 34 and the Al d Ga e N layer 36 in the second embodiment It is a graph which shows the depth direction distribution of a density
- (A) is a graph showing the relationship between the overflow suppressing layer (Al d Ga e N layer) thickness of 36 and the internal quantum efficiency and internal loss
- (b) the Al d Ga e N layer 36 and the active layer 32 is a graph showing the relationship between the distance between the undoped GaN layer 34 and the internal loss.
- (A) And (b) is sectional drawing and the top view which show the structure of the sample 100a used for the rocking curve measurement, respectively.
- (A) and (b) is a diagram showing a rocking curve measurement results of the Al d Ga e N In-containing layer 35 is not formed in the layer 36 a nitride semiconductor light emitting device.
- (A) is the photograph showing the result of having evaluated the structure in which the GaN layer was formed instead of the In containing layer 35 by cathode luminescence, and (b) was the InGaN layer formed instead of the In containing layer 35. It is a photograph showing the result of having evaluated the structure by cathodoluminescence.
- (A), (b) shows the approach which solves the subject of distortion in this embodiment.
- (A) and (b) shows the results of measurement Al d Ga e N layer 36 doped In concentration in the (i.e., the In concentration of the In-containing layer 35) in SIMS (secondary ion mass spectrometry) Yes.
- (A) is a graph showing the relationship between the emission intensity (arbitrary unit) and the delay time (ns) of the comparative example, and (b) is the emission intensity (arbitrary unit) and delay time (ns) of the second embodiment. ). It is a table
- (A) to (c) is a cross-sectional view showing the manufacturing process of the second embodiment of the present invention.
- (A) And (b) is sectional drawing which shows the manufacturing process of the 2nd Embodiment of this invention.
- (A) And (b) is sectional drawing which shows the manufacturing process of the 2nd Embodiment of this invention.
- (A) And (b) is sectional drawing which shows the manufacturing process of the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the manufacturing process of the 2nd Embodiment of this invention.
- (A) And (b) is sectional drawing which shows the manufacturing process of the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the 3rd Embodiment of this invention typically. It is a perspective view which shows basic vector a1, a2, a3, c of a wurtzite type crystal structure.
- (A) schematically shows a crystal structure in a cross section of a nitride-based semiconductor whose surface is c-plane (cross-section perpendicular to the substrate surface), and (b) is a diagram of a nitride-based semiconductor whose surface is m-plane.
- the crystal structure in a section (section perpendicular to the substrate surface) is shown typically.
- In is a graph showing the emission spectrum at room temperature of the m-plane Al d Ga e N layer which is added (overflow suppressing layer).
- m surface Al d Ga e N layer is a table showing the relationship between the emission intensity at the addition concentration at room temperature of In (overflow suppressing layer).
- the nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting device 1 of the present embodiment has a selective growth layer 11 and a nitride-based semiconductor multilayer structure 12 formed on the selective growth layer 11 as shown in FIG.
- the selective growth layer 11 has a portion grown in the lateral direction by the ELO method.
- the Al d Ga e N layer 14 partially includes a layer (In-containing layer) 15 containing In having a concentration of 1 ⁇ 10 16 atms / cm 3 or more and 1 ⁇ 10 19 atms / cm 3 or less.
- GaN-based semiconductor crystals containing In as a constituent element (matrix element) of the crystal are known.
- In when In is used as a constituent element of a crystal, In is contained at a concentration that can affect the physical properties of the GaN-based semiconductor crystal.
- the In concentration is, for example, 1 ⁇ 10 19 cm ⁇ 3
- the In composition ratio is 1% of the whole, and the physical properties at this time are almost the same as the physical properties when In is not included. Therefore, when In is used as a component of the crystal, the In concentration is set higher than 1 ⁇ 10 19 cm ⁇ 3 (for example, 1 ⁇ 10 20 cm ⁇ 3 or more). That is, the In concentration in the In-containing layer 15 of the present embodiment is lower than the In concentration when In is included as a crystal component.
- the inventor of the present application has found that uneven strain is distributed in the plane of the GaN-based semiconductor crystal formed by the ELO method.
- nonuniform strain can be reduced.
- the reason for this is unknown, but as one reason, since In is larger than Al and Ga, moderate strain occurs when In is present at a concentration similar to that of a dopant. Is thought to be reduced.
- In a GaN-based semiconductor crystal containing In as a constituent element of the crystal it is considered that the lattice constant increases due to the high In composition ratio, and the strain in the crystal becomes too large.
- the active layer 13 is in contact with the selective growth layer 11, but any layer may be disposed between the active layer 13 and the selective growth layer 11. Similarly, some layer may be disposed between the active layer 13 and the Al d Ga e N layer 14.
- the nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting device 100 of this embodiment is a semiconductor device using a GaN-based semiconductor, and is manufactured by the ELO method in order to reduce the dislocation density.
- a groove (recess) 22 is formed in the Al u Ga v In w N layer 20, and a selective growth mask 23 is formed on the bottom surface of the groove 22.
- the selective growth mask 23 is formed of a dielectric film, an amorphous insulating film, or a metal film.
- the Al x Ga y In z N crystal layer 30 contains a first conductivity type (for example, n-type) impurity.
- the Al x Ga y In z N crystal layer 30 grows using at least a part of a region (seed crystal region) 24 not covered with the selective growth mask 23 of the Al u Ga v In w N layer 20 as a seed crystal.
- a portion of the Al x Ga y In z N crystal layer 30 located above the air gap 25 grows in the lateral direction.
- the selective growth mask 23 and the Al x Ga y In z N crystal layer 30 grown in the lateral direction do not come into contact with each other, so that the interface stress is suppressed and the Al x Ga grown in the lateral direction is suppressed.
- the inclination of the crystal axis of the y In z N crystal layer 30 is reduced.
- the Al u Ga v In w N layer 20 has a low dislocation density in a wide region (region grown in the lateral direction) excluding a region (seed crystal region) in contact with the Al x Ga y In z N crystal layer 30.
- An Al x Ga y In z N crystal layer 30 is obtained.
- Layer 32 is formed.
- the active layer 32 is an electron injection region in the nitride semiconductor light emitting device 100.
- the Al d Ga e N layer 36 of this embodiment is doped with Mg.
- an Al d Ga e N layer (overflow suppression layer) 36 is provided on the p-type region side of the active layer 32.
- the thickness of the Al d Ga e N layer 36 is preferably 10 nm or more and 200 nm or less.
- An undoped GaN layer 34 is formed between the active layer 32 and the Al d Ga e N layer 36.
- An In-containing layer 35 is disposed below the Al d Ga e N layer 36. From the viewpoint that non-uniform distortion in the active layer 32 can be suppressed as the In-containing layer 35 is brought closer to the active layer 32, the In-containing layer 35 may be formed under the Al d Ga e N layer 36 (on the active layer 32 side). preferable.
- the thickness of the In-containing layer 35 is preferably 10 nm or more and 100 nm or less.
- a second conductivity type (for example, p-type) GaN layer 38 is formed on the Al d Ga e N layer 36 including the In-containing layer 35.
- the GaN layer 38 has a function as an electrically conductive layer for guiding holes from the p-type electrode to the active layer.
- the Al composition needs to be lower than the Al composition in the Al d Ga e N layer (overflow suppression layer) 36 (f ⁇ d).
- the Al d Ga e N layer (overflow suppression layer) 36 is provided between the active layer 32 and the GaN layer 38.
- a contact layer 40 made of p + -GaN is formed on the GaN layer 38.
- FIG. 2B shows a change in atomic concentration in a region from the active layer 32 to the Al d Ga e N layer 36 in the light emitting device 100 of the present embodiment.
- the vertical axis indicates the atomic concentration (logarithm), and the horizontal axis indicates the position in the depth direction.
- a region where Al is present is the Al d Ga e N layer 36, a region not including both Al and In is the undoped GaN layer 34, and only In is included.
- the region is the active layer 32.
- the concentration of Al in the active layer 32 is substantially zero.
- the In-containing layer 35 In the Al d Ga e N layer 36, a region containing In at a concentration of 1 ⁇ 10 16 atms / cm 3 to 1 ⁇ 10 19 atms / cm 3 is the In-containing layer 35.
- the In concentration in the In-containing layer 35 decreases in the direction toward the upper surface of the Al d Ga e N layer 36 (the positive direction of the x axis).
- FIG. 3A shows the relationship between the thickness of the overflow suppression layer (Al d Ga e N layer 36), the internal quantum efficiency, and the internal loss.
- the solid line indicates the internal quantum efficiency
- the broken line indicates the internal loss.
- the internal quantum efficiency improves as the thickness increases.
- the distance between the Al d Ga e N layer 36 and the active layer 32 can be adjusted by the thickness of the undoped GaN layer 34.
- FIG. 3B shows the relationship between the distance between the Al d Ga e N layer 36 and the active layer 32, that is, the thickness of the undoped GaN layer 34 and the internal loss. It can be seen that the internal loss increases when the undoped GaN layer 34 is thinned to reduce the distance between the Al d Ga e N layer 36 and the active layer 32. This result is considered to reflect that the influence of strain on the active layer 32 increases as the distance between the Al d Ga e N layer 36 and the active layer 32 decreases.
- the inventor of the present application evaluated a nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting element that does not have the In-containing layer 35 by performing a rocking curve measurement method using an X-ray microbeam in SPring8 (Super Photoring-8 GeV: Spring Eight). I did it.
- SPring8 is a large synchrotron radiation facility installed in the city of Harima Science Park in Hyogo Prefecture. In this facility, accelerators for accelerating and storing electrons and generated synchrotron radiation can be used. .
- the rocking curve measurement method ( ⁇ scan method) is a change in the X-ray intensity of the diffraction peak by fixing the Bragg diffraction angle 2 ⁇ at the (0002) diffraction peak position and slightly scanning the sample angle ⁇ . Is a measurement method for evaluating
- FIGS. 4A and 4B show the structure of the sample (nitride semiconductor light emitting device) used for this measurement.
- the measurement sample 100a includes an active layer 32, an undoped GaN layer 34, and an Al d that does not have an In-containing layer on the Al x Ga y In z N crystal layer 30.
- the Ga e N layer 36a, the GaN layer 38, and the contact layer 40 are arranged in this order.
- the Al x Ga y In z N crystal layer 30 of the sample 100a is formed by regrowth using the seed crystal region 24 as a seed crystal. As shown in FIGS.
- the sample 100a is provided with a plurality of selective growth masks 23 and a plurality of seed crystal regions 24 that cover the surface of the Al u Ga v In w N layer 20, respectively. Extends in a stripe shape in the ⁇ 1-100> direction.
- an X-ray microbeam focused to a submicron size was generated by combining a zone plate and a slit and made incident on the sample 100a. Then, the X-ray diffraction intensity was measured by fixing the Bragg diffraction angle 2 ⁇ to an angle ⁇ at which the (0002) diffraction peak appears and slightly scanning the sample angle ⁇ . Specifically, the X-ray diffraction intensity at each angle ⁇ is changed by fixing the black diffraction angle 2 ⁇ to around 28.8 ° and changing the sample angle ⁇ from 28.5 ° to 29.15 °. It was measured. Thereafter, the position in the ⁇ 11-20> direction of the sample 100a was moved in 0.5 ⁇ m steps, and the same measurement was repeated.
- FIGS. 5 (a) and (b) show the measurement results.
- the vertical axes in FIGS. 5A and 5B indicate the distance in the ⁇ 11-20> direction from the position where measurement was started in the sample 100a. The position where measurement starts is different for each measurement.
- the horizontal axis indicates the angle of the sample 100a with respect to the direction in which X-rays enter.
- FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b) the region with higher diffraction intensity is shown with lower brightness (gray near black).
- FIG. 5A shows a two-dimensional map obtained by making the X-ray microbeam incident on the sample 100a from the ⁇ 1-100> direction.
- FIG. 5B shows a two-dimensional map obtained by making the X-ray microbeam incident on the sample 100a from the ⁇ 11-20> direction.
- the region where the seed crystal region 24 and the air gap 25 are formed (that is, the region where the selective growth mask 23 is formed) is periodically observed.
- the region shown in gray extends laterally from the region in which the air gap 25 is formed, and the diffraction intensity is strongly maintained even when the angle ⁇ of the sample is changed. From this result, it can be seen that in the seed crystal region 24, the full width at half maximum of the rocking curve is widened. This is thought to be due to the high dislocation density and stress from the substrate.
- the low brightness area appears (shifts) at different angles ⁇ depending on the position (vertical axis) in the sample 100a.
- the X-ray diffraction peak angle of the rocking curve varies greatly depending on the position in the sample 100a. This result indicates that non-uniform strain is distributed in the semiconductor stacked structure above the air gap 25.
- 6 (a) and 6 (b) are photographs showing the results of evaluating the semiconductor laminated structure by cathodoluminescence.
- 6A shows an evaluation result of a structure in which a GaN layer is formed instead of the In-containing layer 35 in the semiconductor multilayer structure 100 shown in FIG. 2A
- FIG. 6B shows the semiconductor multilayer structure 100.
- This evaluation was performed using the semiconductor laminated structure 100 in a state where a layer other than the contact layer 40 was provided.
- the evaluation light emission wavelength was 400 nm.
- the layer configuration in the GaN-based light emitting device 100 may be greatly changed from a typical example, and it may be possible to find a condition in which non-uniform distortion does not occur even when the ELO method is used. However, in that case, since the layer configuration is greatly changed, it becomes difficult to exert desired characteristics of the GaN-based semiconductor light-emitting element, or there is a problem in the life and reliability of the GaN-based semiconductor light-emitting element. There is a fear.
- FIG. 7 is a photograph showing the results of evaluating the structure shown in FIG. 2A by cathodoluminescence.
- ⁇ Disturbance of the image on the left side of the picture in Fig. 7 is an image processing error and not due to distortion.
- the configuration of the present embodiment including the In-containing layer 35 has less uneven emission intensity than in FIGS. 6A and 6B. From this result, it can be seen that in this embodiment, the occurrence of the non-uniform distortion seen in FIGS. 6A and 6B is prevented.
- FIG. 8 shows a rocking curve measurement result of the nitride-based semiconductor light emitting device 100 of the present embodiment.
- FIG. 8 shows a two-dimensional map obtained by making the X-ray microbeam incident on the sample from the ⁇ 1-100> direction, similarly to FIG.
- one scale on the vertical axis is 0.5 ⁇ m, which is smaller than one scale (5 ⁇ m) in FIGS. Therefore, the deviation of distribution should be displayed larger in FIG. 8 than in FIG.
- the width of the region shown in gray is almost constant regardless of the position in the sample (position shown on the vertical axis), so the half-value width of the rocking curve is almost constant. This shows that the interatomic distance in the crystal is almost constant. Further, the region shown in gray appears at a substantially constant angle ⁇ and is not shifted. Thereby, it can be seen that the average value of the strain intensity is substantially constant. From these results, it can be seen that in the sample shown in FIG. 8, variation in distortion due to the position in the plane is small.
- the In-containing layer 35 is formed in a part of the Al d Ga e N layer 36, non-uniform distortion in the nitride-based semiconductor light emitting device 100 is suppressed, and further, non-uniform Crystal defects due to excessive distortion are reduced. As a result, in-plane non-uniform light emission can be eliminated.
- Al x Ga y In z N crystal layer 30 is laterally grown over the air gap 25
- Al x Ga y In z N crystal layer No. 30 has a density of dislocation density, and a strain distribution exists in the plane.
- tensile strain is generated in the region 80 in the Al x Ga y In z N crystal layer 30, and compressive strain is generated in the other region 81.
- An active layer 32 and an Al d Ga e N layer (overflow suppression layer) 36 having an InGaN quantum well structure are grown on the Al x Ga y In z N crystal layer 30.
- the inventor of the present application uses the complex balance of strain of the active layer 32, the Al d Ga e N layer 36 and the base (Al x Ga y In z N crystal layer 30) to achieve in-plane It was found that unevenness of distortion occurred.
- the unevenness of the distortion causes in-plane light emission non-uniformity and causes a decrease in quantum efficiency.
- the inventor of the present application pays attention to this strain balance, and by adding In to the region close to the active layer 32 in the Al d Ga e N layer 36, distortion unevenness is suppressed as shown in FIG. 9C. And found that the quantum efficiency is improved.
- FIGS. 10A and 10B show an approach for solving the problem of distortion in the prior art.
- the semiconductor layer 85 provided on the substrate 86 has a compressive strain.
- an approach in which the semiconductor layer 85 is formed after the buffer layer 87 is formed on the substrate 86 has been adopted.
- the buffer layer 87 for example, a layer having a lattice constant between the lattice constant of the substrate 86 and the lattice constant of the semiconductor layer 85 is used.
- the buffer layer 87 by inserting the buffer layer 87, the lattice of the semiconductor layer 85 is relaxed, and the compressive strain is reduced.
- crystal defects such as misfit dislocations occur in the vicinity of the buffer layer 87, the crystallinity of the semiconductor layer 85 formed on the buffer layer 87 also decreases.
- FIG. 11A and 11B show an approach for solving the distortion problem in the present embodiment.
- the semiconductor multilayer structure 88 provided on the substrate 89 has non-uniform strain.
- In is added to the overflow suppression layer in the semiconductor multilayer structure 88 (FIG. 11B).
- FIGS 12A and 12B show the results of measuring the In concentration doped in the Al d Ga e N layer 36 (that is, the In concentration of the In-containing layer 35) by SIMS (secondary ion analysis). Show.
- the vertical axis in the graph indicates the atomic concentration, and the horizontal axis indicates the depth from the outermost surface.
- FIG. 12A shows an example in which In is doped by changing the concentration. In the region where the depth from the surface is deeper than 0.5 ⁇ m, In is doped with a concentration of 1.0 ⁇ 10 17 atoms / cm 3 , and in the region near the depth of 0.5 ⁇ m from the surface, gradually toward the surface. Thus, the In concentration is decreased, and finally, the In concentration becomes almost zero. A region containing In at a concentration of 1 ⁇ 10 16 atms / cm 3 or more and 1 ⁇ 10 19 atms / cm 3 or less among the regions doped with In is the In-containing layer 35.
- FIG. 12B shows an example in which 1.0 ⁇ 10 17 atoms / cm 3 of In is doped without changing the In concentration.
- the concentration of aluminum in the Al d Ga e N layer 36 is 1.0 ⁇ 10 19 atoms / cm 3 or more and 1.0 ⁇ 10 20 atoms / cm 3 or less.
- the concentration is changed and In is doped, the relaxation of the strain becomes moderate, so that the generation of defects is further suppressed.
- FIG. 13A shows the evaluation results of a structure in which a GaN layer is formed instead of the In-containing layer 35 in the semiconductor multilayer structure 100 shown in FIG.
- FIG. 13B shows the evaluation result of the structure (this embodiment described later) including the In-containing layer 35 shown in FIG. 13A and 13B, the vertical axis indicates the emission intensity (arbitrary unit), and the horizontal axis indicates the delay time (ns).
- FIG. 13A shows the result of measurement using the light emitting element of the comparative example, and the light emission lifetime is 0.095 ns.
- FIG. 13A shows the result of measurement using the light emitting element of the comparative example, and the light emission lifetime is 0.095 ns.
- 13B shows the result of measurement using the light emitting device of this embodiment, and the light emission lifetime is 0.19 ns.
- the light emission lifetime is also extended.
- a long emission lifetime means that there are few non-radiative recombination centers caused by defects or the like. From this result, in this embodiment, as a result of reducing the non-uniform distortion, it is confirmed that the occurrence of defects caused by the distortion can be suppressed and the crystallinity is improved.
- FIG. 14 is a table showing the results of measuring the luminous efficiency.
- the value of the luminous efficiency in the table is normalized by assuming that the efficiency in the case of 383 nm excitation of Comparative Example 1 is 1.
- wavelength selective excitation is performed, and the measurement result of the 383 nm excitation indicates the quality of the well layer, and the measurement result of the 366 nm excitation indicates the quality of the interface.
- Comparative Example 1 has a structure in which the In-containing layer 35 is not formed in the Al d Ga e N layer 36 and a GaN layer is formed instead of the In-containing layer 35.
- Comparative Example 2 has a structure in which an InGaN layer is formed instead of the In-containing layer 35.
- the In composition of the InGaN layer in Comparative Example 2 is 2%, and its composition formula is In 0.02 Ga 0.98 N.
- In 0.02 Ga 0.98 N contains at least 2.0 ⁇ 10 19 atoms / cm 3 or more of In.
- This embodiment has an In-containing layer 35 as shown in FIG. 12B doped with In without changing the concentration.
- the operating voltage Vop can be reduced by about 1 V compared to the conventional case, so that power consumption can be reduced.
- a substrate 10 is prepared.
- a sapphire substrate is used as the substrate 10.
- the substrate 10 for example, a gallium oxide, a SiC substrate, a Si substrate, a GaN substrate, or the like can be used in addition to a sapphire substrate.
- crystal layers are sequentially formed on the substrate 10 by MOCVD (Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition).
- an Al u Ga v In w N layer 20 is formed on the substrate 10.
- the Al u Ga v In w N layer 20 for example, GaN having a thickness of 3 ⁇ m is formed.
- a GaN low-temperature buffer layer is deposited on the sapphire substrate 10 by supplying TMG (Ga (CH 3 ) 3 ) and NH 3 at 500 ° C., and then heated to 1100 ° C. To do. Next, TMG and NH 3 are supplied.
- the Al u Ga v In w by etching the surface of the N layer 20, Al u Ga v In part groove of w N layer 20 (recess) 22 formed To do.
- etching for example, chlorine dry etching is performed.
- the groove 22 has, for example, a stripe shape extending in a direction parallel to the ⁇ 1-100> direction and periodically arranged in the ⁇ 11-20> direction.
- the period of the stripe is, for example, 15 ⁇ m.
- channel 22 may be square, a rectangle, a hexagon, etc., and it is preferable that the space
- a selective growth mask 23 made of, for example, SiN x is formed on the surface of the groove 22.
- the thickness of the selective growth mask 23 is, for example, 0.2 ⁇ m.
- an Al x Ga y In z N crystal layer 30 is formed.
- the Al x Ga y In z N crystal layer 30 for example, n-type GaN having a thickness of 5 ⁇ m is formed.
- TMG and NH 3 are supplied while heating the substrate having the portion covered by the selective growth mask 23 and the portion where the Al u Ga v In w N layer 20 is exposed to 1100 ° C.
- n-type GaN grows in the lateral direction using the seed crystal region 24 where the Al u Ga v In w N layer 20 is exposed as a seed crystal.
- the Al x Ga y In z N crystal layer 30 grown laterally from the seed crystal regions 24 on both sides of the groove 22 merges on the groove 22, and the groove 22 becomes an air gap 25.
- the Al x Ga y In z N crystal layer 30 and the selective growth mask 23 do not have to be in contact with each other, so that the interface stress is suppressed, and the Al x Ga y In z N crystal layer 30 is suppressed.
- the inclination of the crystal axis becomes smaller.
- the air gap 25 does not necessarily need to be formed, and the Al x Ga y In z N crystal layer 30 may be in contact with the selective growth mask 23.
- an active layer 32 is formed on the Al x Ga y In z N crystal layer 30.
- the active layer 32 has a GaInN / GaN multiple quantum well (MQW) structure with a thickness of 21 nm in which a Ga 0.9 In 0.1 N well layer with a thickness of 3 nm and a GaN barrier layer with a thickness of 6 nm are alternately stacked.
- MQW multiple quantum well
- an undoped GaN layer 34 having a thickness of, for example, 30 nm is deposited on the active layer 32.
- an In-containing layer 35 is formed as a part of the Al d Ga e N layer 36 on the undoped GaN layer 34.
- the In-containing layer 35 for example, Tp, Mg 3 , TMA, TMI, and Cp 2 Mg (cyclopentadienyl magnesium) as p-type impurities are supplied to form In-doped p-Al 0.14 Ga 0.86 N having a thickness of 70 nm. To do.
- the thickness of the In-containing layer 35 is preferably 10 nm or more and 100 nm or less in order to bring out an effect of suppressing nonuniform distortion.
- the In-containing layer 35 needs to have strain energy that can affect the strain of the active layer 32.
- strain energy increases with film thickness. If the thickness of the In-containing layer 35 is 10 nm or more, the strain energy of the In-containing layer 35 affects the active layer 32. If the thickness of the In-containing layer 35 is 30 nm or more, the In-containing layer 35 becomes the active layer 32. It has also been obtained from the elastic calculation that the effect of strain energy on the surface becomes sufficiently large.
- the thickness of the In-containing layer 35 is larger than 100 nm, excessive strain energy similar to that of a layer containing In as a constituent element is generated and the effect is reduced. Therefore, the thickness of the In-containing layer 35 is 100 nm. The following is preferable.
- the In-doped p-Al 0.14 Ga 0.86 N of the In-containing layer 35 is preferably grown at a low temperature (for example, not less than 805 ° C. and not more than 910 ° C.). By growing at such a low temperature, the supply molar amount of In can be kept small. Further, the inventors of the present application have found that the crystallinity is improved when the growth of the AlGaN layer is started while supplying In and the growth temperature is raised from a low temperature to a high temperature as time passes. In this case, for example, the growth is started from 910 ° C. and the temperature is raised to 940 ° C.
- the concentration may be changed to dope In, or as shown in FIG. 12B, In may be doped without changing the concentration. Also good.
- In with varying concentrations, for example, 1.0 ⁇ 10 17 atoms / cm 3 (1E + 17 in the graph) In is doped at the start of growth, and the depth from the surface is 0. In the vicinity of 5 ⁇ m, the In concentration is gradually decreased, and finally the In concentration is almost zero.
- the In concentration is gradually decreased by increasing the growth temperature from a low temperature to a high temperature to change the In concentration. Also good.
- the In concentration of the In-containing layer 35 is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 16 atoms / cm 3 or more and 8 ⁇ 10 18 atoms / cm 3 or less.
- the In concentration in the In-containing layer 35 of the present embodiment is about the doping, and this In concentration is an In concentration (1 ⁇ 10 20 cm ⁇ 3 or more when In is included as a crystal component), for example Lower than 10 22 atms / cm 3 ).
- the MOCVD method is used as a method for epitaxially growing each layer.
- TMG is used as the Ga material
- an organic metal such as TMA is used as the Al material.
- These organic metals are temperature-controlled in a thermostat, and by introducing hydrogen gas into the thermostat, the number of moles of the metal determined by the temperature and vapor pressure at that time dissolves in the hydrogen gas.
- the flow rate of this hydrogen gas is controlled by a mass flow controller to control the number of moles of organic metal that reaches the substrate per unit time (raw material supply mole amount).
- an InGaN layer that is the active layer 32 when an InGaN layer that is the active layer 32 is grown, that is, when In is supplied as a component of a crystal, it is necessary to supply a relatively large amount of In (for example, 1.0 ⁇ 10 22 atoms / cm 3 ), for example, a mass flow controller of 1000 cc / min.
- the required amount of In is smaller than that in the case where the active layer 32 is grown (for example, 1.0 ⁇ 10 17 atoms / cm 3 ). Therefore, if a mass flow controller of 1000 cc / min is used, it becomes difficult to control the supply amount of In.
- a mass flow controller of 10 cc / min is used, and the temperature of the constant temperature layer is set lower than that in the case of forming the active layer 32. Is preferred.
- the In-containing layer 35 is formed on the In-containing layer 35.
- the In-containing layer 35 and the Al d Ga e N layer 36 having p-Al 0.14 Ga 0.86 N are formed.
- the thickness of the Al d Ga e N layer 36 is preferably 10 nm or more and 200 nm or less. If the thickness of the Al d Ga e N layer 36 is less than 10 nm, the overflow of electrons cannot be sufficiently suppressed, and if it is 200 nm or more, the strain applied to the active layer 32 and the like becomes too large.
- the thickness of the In-containing layer 35 is preferably less than or equal to half the thickness of the entire Al d Ga e N layer 36.
- Cp2Mg is supplied as a p-type impurity.
- a contact layer 40 made of p + -GaN is formed on the GaN layer 38.
- the contact layer 40 by performing chlorine-based dry etching, the contact layer 40, the GaN layer 38, the Al d Ga e N layer 36, the In-containing layer 35, the undoped GaN layer 34, and the active layer 32
- the n-type electrode formation region 30a of the Al x Ga y In z N crystal layer 30 is exposed.
- a Ti / Pt layer is formed as the n-type electrode 42 on the n-type electrode formation region 30a.
- a p-type electrode 41 made of Pd / Pt is formed on the contact layer 40.
- one of the substrate 10, the Al u Ga v In w N layer 20, the Al x Ga y In z N crystal layer 30 is obtained by using a method such as laser lift-off, etching, and polishing. The part may be removed. At this time, only the substrate 10 may be removed, or only the substrate 10 and the Al u Ga v In w N layer 20 may be removed. Of course, the substrate 10, the Al u Ga v In w N layer 20, and the Al x Ga y In z N crystal layer 30 may be left without being removed.
- the nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting device 100 of this embodiment is formed.
- nitride semiconductor light emitting device 100 of this embodiment when a voltage is applied between the n-type electrode 42 and the p-type electrode 41, holes are transferred from the p-type electrode 41 toward the active layer 32. Electrons are injected from the active layer 32 toward the active layer 32 to emit light having a wavelength of, for example, 450 nm.
- the Al composition in the Al d Ga e N layer 36 is 14 atomic% and the In composition in the InGaN layer is 10 atomic%.
- other compositions may be used.
- the In-containing layer 35 and the p-Al d Ga e N layer 36 may be formed directly on the active layer 32 without providing the undoped GaN layer 34.
- the nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting device 200 of the present embodiment includes a GaN substrate 60 and a semiconductor multilayer structure 70 formed on the GaN substrate 60, as shown in FIG.
- the GaN substrate 60 of this embodiment is formed by performing the ELO method.
- a part of the sapphire substrate (not shown) is covered with a mask made of a silicon oxide film or the like and the other part is exposed, and the GaN layer for the GaN substrate is thickened. What is necessary is just to form.
- the sapphire substrate is removed after the GaN layer is formed.
- mesh-like titanium may be formed on a GaN layer formed on a sapphire substrate, and a GaN layer for the GaN substrate may be formed thereon.
- the base is separated using titanium as a boundary.
- the GaN substrate 60 is formed by the ELO method, the GaN substrate 60 is distorted unevenly.
- the active layer 32 is an electron injection region in the nitride semiconductor light emitting device 200.
- the Al d Ga e N layer 36 of this embodiment is doped with Mg.
- an undoped GaN layer 34 is formed between the active layer 32 and the Al d Ga e N layer 36.
- An In-containing layer 35 is formed on at least a part of the Al d Ga e N layer 36.
- the In-containing layer 35 is disposed below the Al d Ga e N layer 36, but the In-containing layer 35 is located at any position of the Al d Ga e N layer 36 as in the first embodiment. It may be formed.
- a second conductivity type (for example, p-type) GaN layer 38 is formed on the Al d Ga e N layer 36 including the In-containing layer 35.
- a contact layer 40 is formed on the GaN layer 38.
- the contact layer 40 of this embodiment is a p + -GaN layer.
- the In-containing layer 35 by providing the In-containing layer 35, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of non-uniform strain in the plane of the semiconductor multilayer structure 70, and to reduce crystal defects caused by the non-uniform strain. Is done. As a result, in-plane non-uniform light emission can be eliminated.
- non-polar GaN is more likely to generate non-uniform distortion, and thus the significance of this embodiment is considered to be further increased.
- a substrate m-plane GaN-based substrate having a non-polar plane, for example, a (10-10) plane called a m-plane perpendicular to the [10-10] direction, for an LED or laser. ing.
- the m-plane is a plane parallel to the c-axis (basic vector c) as shown in FIG. 22, and is orthogonal to the c-plane.
- the m-plane is a general term for the (10-10) plane, the (-1010) plane, the (1-100) plane, the (-1100) plane, the (01-10) plane, and the (0-110) plane.
- the X-plane may be referred to as a “growth plane” and a semiconductor layer formed by the X-plane growth may be referred to as an “X-plane semiconductor layer”.
- FIG. 23A schematically shows a crystal structure in a cross section of a nitride-based semiconductor whose surface is c-plane (cross section perpendicular to the substrate surface), and FIG. 23B is a nitridation whose surface is m-plane.
- 1 schematically shows a crystal structure in a cross section of a physical semiconductor (a cross section perpendicular to the substrate surface).
- the nitride semiconductor light emitting device of this embodiment includes a GaN substrate 10 and a semiconductor multilayer structure 50 formed on the GaN substrate 10. Have.
- the nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting device of this embodiment is characterized in that the surface of the GaN substrate 10 and the surface of the semiconductor multilayer structure 50 are not the c-plane but the m-plane.
- In is added to a region near the active layer 32 in the Al d Ga e N layer (overflow suppression layer) 36 on the GaN-based substrate 10 as in the first embodiment.
- a GaN substrate having an m-plane can be formed by forming a GaN crystal thick on a c-plane sapphire substrate and then cutting the GaN crystal along a plane perpendicular to the c-plane of the sapphire substrate.
- the surface of the nitride-based semiconductor layer can be changed to an m-plane.
- the configuration and the manufacturing method are the same as those in the first embodiment except that the surfaces of the GaN substrate 10 and the semiconductor multilayer structure 50 are m-planes and the selective growth is not performed. Detailed description is omitted.
- FIG. 24 is a graph showing an emission spectrum at room temperature of the m-plane Al d Ga e N layer (overflow suppression layer) to which In is added. For comparison, an emission spectrum at room temperature of an m-plane Al d Ga e N layer to which In is not added is also shown. In concentration of In is added m-plane Al d Ga e N layer is 7 ⁇ 10 17 cm -3. It can be seen that the emission intensity, that is, the quantum efficiency is clearly improved in the sample to which In is added compared to the sample to which In is not added.
- FIG. 25 is a table showing the relationship between the In concentration in the m-plane Al d Ga e N layer (overflow suppression layer) and the emission intensity at room temperature. As shown in FIG. 25, the emission intensity is higher and the quantum efficiency is improved at an addition concentration from 3 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 3 to 8 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 compared to the case where In is not added. I understand. Particularly, the quantum efficiency is remarkably improved in the range of the addition concentration from 5 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 3 to 4 ⁇ 10 17 cm ⁇ 3 .
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Abstract
Description
まず、図1を参照しながら、本発明による窒化物系半導体発光素子の第1の実施形態を説明する。
以下、図2から図20を参照しながら、本発明による窒化物系半導体発光素子の第2の実施形態を説明する。本実施形態の窒化物系半導体発光素子100は、GaN系半導体を用いた半導体デバイスであり、転位密度を低減するためにELO法によって作製されている。
以下、図21を参照しながら本発明による窒化物系半導体発光素子の第3の実施形態を説明する。
以下、本発明による窒化物系半導体発光素子の第4の実施形態を説明する。
11 選択成長層
12 窒化物系半導体積層構造
13 活性層
14 AldGaeN層
15 In含有層
20 AluGavInwN層
22 リセス領域
23 選択成長用マスク
24 種結晶領域
25 エアギャップ
30 AlxGayInzN結晶層
32 InGaN活性層
34 アンドープGaN層
35 In含有層
36 p-AlGaN層
38 GaN層
40 コンタクト層
41 p型電極
42 n型電極
50 半導体積層構造
60 Ga基板
70 半導体積層構造
80 引っ張り歪み領域
81 圧縮歪み領域
85 半導体層
86 GaN基板
87 バッファー層
88 半導体積層構造
89 GaN基板
Claims (22)
- 窒化物系半導体積層構造を有する窒化物系半導体発光素子であって、
前記窒化物系半導体積層構造は、
AlaInbGacN結晶層(a+b+c=1, a≧0, b≧0, c≧0)を含む活性層と、
AldGaeNオーバーフロー抑制層(d+e=1, d>0, e≧0)と、
AlfGagN層(f+g=1, f≧0, g≧0, f<d)と
を含み、
前記AldGaeNオーバーフロー抑制層は、前記活性層と前記AlfGagN層との間に設けられ、
前記AldGaeNオーバーフロー抑制層は、濃度が1×1016atms/cm3以上1×1019atms/cm3以下のInを含有する層を含む、窒化物系半導体発光素子。 - 前記Inを含有する層のIn濃度は8×1018/cm3以下である、請求項1に記載の窒化物系半導体発光素子。
- 前記Inを含有する層は、前記AldGaeNオーバーフロー抑制層のうち前記活性層に最も近い位置に配置される、請求項1に記載の窒化物系半導体発光素子。
- 前記Inを含有する層の厚さは、AldGaeNオーバーフロー抑制層の厚さの半分以下である、請求項1に記載の窒化物系半導体発光素子。
- 選択成長層をさらに備え、
前記窒化物系半導体積層構造は前記選択成長層の上に形成され、
前記AldGaeNオーバーフロー抑制層は、前記活性層に対して前記選択成長層が位置する側とは反対の側に位置する、請求項1に記載の窒化物系半導体発光素子。 - 前記窒化物系半導体積層構造はm面を表面に有する、請求項1に記載の窒化物系半導体発光素子。
- 前記選択成長層は、AluGavInwN層(u+v+w=1, u≧0, v≧0, w≧0)の表面においてマスク層に覆われていない領域から成長したAlxGayInzN結晶層(x+y+z=1, x≧0, y≧0, z≧0)である、請求項5に記載の窒化物系半導体発光素子。
- 基板と、
前記基板上に形成され、一部がマスク層で覆われた前記AluGavInwN層と、
を有し、
前記選択成長層は、前記AluGavInwN層の表面において前記マスク層に覆われていない領域と接触している、請求項7に記載の窒化物系半導体発光素子。 - 前記AluGavInwN層の表面において前記マスク層に覆われている部分はリセスを形成しており、
前記選択成長層は、前記マスク層と接触していない、請求項8に記載の窒化物系半導体発光素子。 - 前記選択成長層は、GaN基板の少なくとも一部である、請求項5に記載の窒化物系半導体発光素子。
- 前記Inを含有する層におけるIn濃度は、前記活性層から遠ざかるほど減少している、請求項1から10のいずれかに記載の窒化物系半導体発光素子。
- 前記活性層と前記AldGaeNオーバーフロー抑制層との間には、アンドープのGaN層が形成されている、請求項1から11のいずれかに記載の窒化物系半導体発光素子。
- 窒化物系半導体積層構造を有する窒化物系半導体発光素子の製造方法であって、
前記窒化物系半導体積層構造のうちの一部として、AlaInbGacN結晶層(a+b+c=1, a≧0, b≧0, c≧0)を含む活性層を形成する工程(a)と、
前記窒化物系半導体積層構造の一部としてAldGaeNオーバーフロー抑制層(d+e=1, d>0, e≧0)を形成する工程(b)と、
前記窒化物系半導体積層構造の一部としてAlfGagN層(f+g=1, f≧0, g≧0, f<d)を形成する工程と
を包含し、
前記工程(b)では、前記AldGaeNオーバーフロー抑制層に、濃度が1×1016atms/cm3以上1×1019atms/cm3以下のInを含有する層を形成する、窒化物系半導体発光素子の製造方法。 - 前記Inを含有する層のIn濃度は8×1018/cm3以下である、請求項13に記載の窒化物系半導体発光素子の製造方法。
- 前記Inを含有する層は、前記AldGaeNオーバーフロー抑制層のうち前記活性層に最も近い位置に配置される、請求項13に記載の窒化物系半導体発光素子の製造方法。
- 前記Inを含有する層の厚さは、AldGaeNオーバーフロー抑制層の厚さの半分以下である請求項13に記載の窒化物系半導体発光素子の製造方法。
- 選択成長層をさらに備え、
前記工程(b)では、前記活性層に対して前記選択成長層が位置する側とは反対の側に、前記AldGaeNオーバーフロー抑制層を形成する、請求項13に記載の窒化物系半導体発光素子の製造方法。 - 前記窒化物系半導体積層構造はm面を表面に有する、請求項13に記載の窒化物系半導体発光素子の製造方法。
- 前記工程(a)の前に、
基板上にAluGavInwN層(u+v+w=1, u≧0, v≧0, w≧0)を形成する工程(c)と、
前記AluGavInwN層の一部にマスク層を形成する工程(d)と、
前記マスク層が形成された前記AluGavInwN層に対して原料を供給することにより、前記AluGavInwN層のうち前記マスク層に覆われていない部分を種結晶としてAlxGayInzN結晶層(x+y+z=1, x≧0, y≧0, z≧0)を成長させて、前記選択成長層を形成する工程(e)とをさらに包含し、
前記工程(e)では、前記AlxGayInzN結晶層の少なくとも一部を横方向に成長させることにより、前記マスク層を覆う前記選択成長層を形成する、請求項17に記載の窒化物系半導体発光素子の製造方法。 - 前記工程(d)では、前記AluGavInwN層にリセスを形成し、前記リセスの底面にマスク層を形成し、
前記工程(e)では、前記マスク層の上に空気層を挟んで前記選択成長層を成長させる、請求項19に記載の窒化物系半導体発光素子の製造方法。 - 前記工程(b)の後に、前記基板の少なくとも一部を除去する工程をさらに包含する、請求項19または20に記載の窒化物系半導体発光素子の製造方法。
- 前記選択成長層としてGaN基板を用意する工程と、
前記GaN基板上に、前記窒化物系半導体積層構造の一部としてAluGavInwN層(u+v+w=1, u≧0, v≧0, w≧0)を形成する工程とをさらに包含する、請求項17に記載の窒化物系半導体発光素子の製造方法。
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