WO2010026831A1 - 磁気メモリ素子およびそれを用いる記憶装置 - Google Patents
磁気メモリ素子およびそれを用いる記憶装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010026831A1 WO2010026831A1 PCT/JP2009/062421 JP2009062421W WO2010026831A1 WO 2010026831 A1 WO2010026831 A1 WO 2010026831A1 JP 2009062421 W JP2009062421 W JP 2009062421W WO 2010026831 A1 WO2010026831 A1 WO 2010026831A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y25/00—Nanomagnetism, e.g. magnetoimpedance, anisotropic magnetoresistance, giant magnetoresistance or tunneling magnetoresistance
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N50/00—Galvanomagnetic devices
- H10N50/80—Constructional details
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10B—ELECTRONIC MEMORY DEVICES
- H10B12/00—Dynamic random access memory [DRAM] devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C11/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor
- G11C11/02—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using magnetic elements
- G11C11/16—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using magnetic elements using elements in which the storage effect is based on magnetic spin effect
- G11C11/161—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using magnetic elements using elements in which the storage effect is based on magnetic spin effect details concerning the memory cell structure, e.g. the layers of the ferromagnetic memory cell
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- G11C11/16—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using magnetic elements using elements in which the storage effect is based on magnetic spin effect
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01F10/32—Spin-exchange-coupled multilayers, e.g. nanostructured superlattices
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
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- H01F10/3286—Spin-exchange coupled multilayers having at least one layer with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10B—ELECTRONIC MEMORY DEVICES
- H10B61/00—Magnetic memory devices, e.g. magnetoresistive RAM [MRAM] devices
- H10B61/20—Magnetic memory devices, e.g. magnetoresistive RAM [MRAM] devices comprising components having three or more electrodes, e.g. transistors
- H10B61/22—Magnetic memory devices, e.g. magnetoresistive RAM [MRAM] devices comprising components having three or more electrodes, e.g. transistors of the field-effect transistor [FET] type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a magnetic memory element using a magnetoresistive effect and a storage device using the same, and more particularly to a magnetic memory element and a storage device using stress or strain generated in a formed magnetic layer.
- FIG. 1 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a portion including a magnetic memory element of a storage device 10 including a magnetic memory element 100.
- the magnetic memory element 100 has a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) portion 13, and the MTJ portion 13 is configured to be sandwiched between a lower electrode 14 and an upper electrode 12.
- the MTJ portion 13 has a structure in which a fixed layer 22, an insulating layer 21, and a recording layer 20 are laminated in this order from the lower electrode 14 side.
- the fixed layer 22 and the recording layer 20 are made of a ferromagnetic material.
- the lower electrode 14 is connected to a drain region 24 formed in the substrate 15, and a source region 25 is also formed in the substrate 15 so as to be separated from the drain region 24 by a certain distance.
- a gate line 16 insulated from these is formed above the drain region 24 and the source region 25, and a MOSFET (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor) having terminals of the drain region 24, the source region 25, and the gate line 16 is formed. It is composed.
- the contact portion 17 and the word line 18 are stacked in this order on the source region 25.
- One upper electrode 12 is connected to the bit line 11.
- the word line 18 and the bit line 11 are insulated by an interlayer insulating film 23 and connected to a control circuit (not shown).
- the storage device 10 selects the magnetic memory element 100, reads information stored therein, and writes information into the magnetic memory element 100.
- the principle of the data reading operation in the magnetic memory element 100 configured as described above will be described.
- Non-Patent Document 1 when the magnetization 102A of the recording layer 20 and the magnetization 102B of the fixed layer 22 are in the same direction (parallel), the tunnel current passing through the insulating layer 21 increases, and conversely, the magnetization 102A of the recording layer 20 and the fixed layer 22 When the directions of the magnetizations 102B of 22 are opposite to each other (anti-parallel), the tunnel current has a property of decreasing. This property is called a tunnel magnetoresistance effect and is described in detail in Non-Patent Document 1.
- “0” is set when the magnetization directions of the recording layer 20 and the fixed layer 22 are the same direction
- “1” is set when the magnetization directions of the recording layer 20 and the fixed layer 22 are opposite directions. If defined, 1 and 0 can be discriminated by the magnitude of the tunnel current. That is, when the direction of the magnetization 102B of the fixed layer 20 is fixed, information stored in the recording layer 20 as the magnetization direction can be read. Since the magnetization direction of each of the recording layer 20 and the fixed layer 22 is preserved without supplying energy such as current, if the magnetic memory element 100 shown in FIG. 1 is integrated, data is lost even when the power is turned off. A non-volatile storage device (memory) can be realized.
- a magnetic memory device having a gigabit-class integration degree is being developed by adopting the perpendicular magnetic film and the STT method as described above.
- the magnetic memory element shown in FIG. 1 operates in the same manner as the magnetic memory element shown in Patent Document 1.
- KuV / k B T is used as a factor that is an index of the thermal stability of magnetization of the ferromagnetic layer.
- V is the volume of the ferromagnetic layer
- k B is the Boltzmann constant
- T is the temperature.
- the value of the thermal stability factor KuV / k B T needs to be 60 or more. That is, in order to manufacture the MRAM, it is necessary to increase the thermal stability of magnetization in the magnetic layer in each element, and for that purpose, the magnetic anisotropy energy Ku must be increased.
- the influence of the residual stress when the MRAM is manufactured by integrating the magnetic memory elements will be more specifically estimated.
- the stress generated and remaining in the element is a stress of about several hundred MPa in each element when the CMOS process is taken as an example.
- a residual stress hardly poses a problem.
- the magnetostriction constant is 1000 ppm and the stress is 100 MPa
- the influence of internal stress in MRAM is closely related to the stability of magnetization. Since the residual stress greatly affects the total value of magnetic anisotropy energy, it is necessary to appropriately consider the residual stress due to the semiconductor process when manufacturing the MRAM.
- FIG. 2 shows a plan view and a cross-sectional view of the magnetic layer 20 having a circular shape, and shows a case where the residual stress is a tensile stress.
- the inventor of the present application finds the above-mentioned problems, and does not impair the thermal stability of magnetization in the magnetic memory element by appropriately controlling the stress or strain generated in the ferromagnetic layer of the magnetic memory element in the semiconductor process.
- the present invention has been made by finding that the stress and strain can enhance the thermal stability of magnetization.
- a magnetic memory element having a first magnetic layer, an insulating layer stacked on the first magnetic layer, and a second magnetic layer stacked on the insulating layer, the first magnetic layer comprising:
- a magnetic memory element in which at least one of the layer and the second magnetic layer is strain-deformed so as to extend in the easy axis direction of the magnetic layer.
- an underlayer or a substrate made of a material having a thermal expansion coefficient larger than that of the first magnetic layer is provided below the first magnetic layer, and the underlayer or substrate is The compressive stress is generated by compressing the first magnetic layer by contraction. Since the first magnetic layer is compressed by being contracted by the shrinkage of the underlayer or the substrate, the first magnetic layer generates a compressive stress inside. Compressive stress can also occur in the second magnetic layer. For this reason, the thermal stability of magnetization of the first magnetic layer and the second magnetic layer can be improved by the compressive stress. The effect of improving the thermal stability is noticeable in the first magnetic layer.
- the present invention can also be implemented as a storage device.
- residual stress or strain deformation is generated in the magnetic layer in the semiconductor process during the process, and the generated stress or strain is actively used to enhance the thermal stability of the magnetization of the magnetic layer, As a result, the magnetization direction inside the magnetic layer can be prevented from being inclined, or the thermal stability of the recording magnetization can be improved.
- Sectional drawing which shows the structure of the structural example of the magnetic memory element by a prior art.
- the conceptual diagram which shows a mode that the stability of magnetization falls by stress and magnetization tilts.
- Sectional drawing which shows the structure of the magnetic memory element (Example 2) by the 2nd Embodiment of this invention.
- Sectional drawing which shows the structure of sectional drawing which shows the structure of the magnetic memory element (Example 3) by the 3rd Embodiment of this invention.
- Sectional drawing which shows the structure of MRAM (Example 4) by the 4th Embodiment of this invention.
- Sectional drawing which shows the structure of sectional drawing which shows the structure of 3rd Embodiment and Example 3 of the magnetic memory element in this invention.
- distortion deformation is actively used to prevent or improve the deterioration of the thermal stability of the magnetization of the recording layer.
- the action of distortion deformation at this time will be described. Assume that there is a magnetic layer without distortion as shown by a two-dot chain line in the plan view and the front view of FIG. Then, it is assumed that a stress in the radial direction from the omni-directional direction toward the center uniformly, that is, a stress that is centrally symmetric, is applied to the magnetic layer. As a result, as shown by the solid line in FIG. 3, the magnetic layer is distorted and deformed so that the size (radius or diameter) in the plane is slightly reduced and the film thickness is slightly increased. The arrow shown in the plan view of FIG.
- Such a state is defined as a state in which a compressive stress that is centrally symmetric in the in-plane direction is applied.
- the magnetic layer is compressed in the in-plane direction and becomes smaller, and extends in the longitudinal direction (vertical direction). Therefore, in a state where compressive stress is applied in the in-plane direction, the perpendicular magnetization film is strained and deformed so as to be extended in the easy axis direction, that is, in the film thickness direction.
- FIG. 4 shows another form of distortion.
- FIG. 4 is a plan view and a front view of the magnetic layer.
- FIG. 4 shows a state in which compressive stress is applied from both sides (up and down direction in the plan view) in one direction in the plane unlike FIG. 3, and the method of applying the stress is different from the case of FIG. It is not centrosymmetric but axially symmetric.
- This state is defined as a state in which compressive stress is applied in the uniaxial direction in the in-plane direction throughout the present application.
- the magnetic layer is deformed so as to shrink in the vertical direction of the plan view and to extend in the horizontal direction, and in the vertical direction (vertical direction) in the front view.
- the magnetic anisotropy energy can be improved by making the extending direction (horizontal direction in the plan view) coincide with the easy axis of magnetization.
- the magnetic anisotropy energy is improved because the first magnetic layer is stretched in the perpendicular direction. Therefore, when a compressive stress is applied in the uniaxial direction in the in-plane direction, whether the magnetic layer is a horizontal magnetization film or a perpendicular magnetization film, the magnetic layer can be strained and deformed so as to extend in the easy magnetization axis direction. The thermal stability of magnetization can be improved.
- the first magnetic layer and the second magnetic layer are perpendicular magnetization films, and at least one of the first magnetic layer and the second magnetic layer is The film can be configured to be deformed so as to extend in a direction perpendicular to the film surface. According to this configuration, the stress generated in the first magnetic layer and the second magnetic layer in the perpendicular magnetization film can be used for the stability of recording magnetization.
- the first magnetic layer and the second magnetic layer are in-plane magnetization films, and the in-plane shape is an ellipse or a rectangle, and extends in the major axis direction. It can be configured to be distorted. According to this configuration, in the in-plane magnetization film, the magnetic isotropic energy can be improved and the thermal stability of the recording magnetization can be improved.
- the side surface of the first magnetic layer and the side surface of the second magnetic layer are in contact with the side surface of the first magnetic layer and the side surface of the second magnetic layer.
- An interlayer insulating film that insulates from another metal is provided, and at least one of the first magnetic layer and the second magnetic layer is compressed from the side by the interlayer insulating film to be deformed and deformed. It can. It is possible to improve the thermal stability of the recording magnetization by compressing the first magnetic layer and the second magnetic layer from the side surfaces by the interlayer insulating film and generating a compressive stress in the in-plane direction. it can.
- an underlayer or a substrate made of a material having a thermal expansion coefficient larger than that of the first magnetic layer is provided below the first magnetic layer, and the underlayer or substrate is provided.
- the first magnetic layer By compressing the first magnetic layer by compressing the first magnetic layer, at least one of the first magnetic layer and the second magnetic layer can be strain-deformed. That is, the first magnetic layer is compressed by being contracted by the shrinkage of the underlayer or the substrate, and thus the first magnetic layer generates a compressive stress inside. Compressive stress can also occur in the second magnetic layer. For this reason, the thermal stability of magnetization of the first magnetic layer and the second magnetic layer can be improved by the compressive stress. The effect of improving the thermal stability is noticeable in the first magnetic layer.
- a magnetic memory element having a first magnetic layer, an insulating layer stacked on the first magnetic layer, and a second magnetic layer stacked on the insulating layer, There is provided a magnetic memory element configured such that a compressive stress in any direction in the plane remains in at least one of the magnetic layer and the second magnetic layer.
- the compressive stress directed in any direction in the plane includes a compressive stress of a central object and a uniaxial compressive stress.
- the side surface of the first magnetic layer and the side surface of the second magnetic layer are in contact with the side surface of the first magnetic layer and the side surface of the second magnetic layer.
- An interlayer insulating film that is insulated from other metal is provided, and the first magnetic layer or the second magnetic layer is compressed from the side by the interlayer insulating film to generate the compressive stress. it can.
- the thermal stability of the recording magnetization can be improved by compressing the first magnetic layer and the second magnetic layer from the side surfaces by the interlayer insulating film and generating a compressive stress therein. .
- the first magnetic layer or the second magnetic layer is a single-layer film of a rare earth-transition metal alloy, or a laminated film of a rare earth-transition metal alloy and a spin-polarized film. Is preferable. According to such a configuration, since the rare earth-transition metal alloy has a large change in the thermal stability of magnetization due to stress, the stress generated in the first magnetic layer and the second magnetic layer can be efficiently stabilized in recording magnetization. Can be used for sex.
- the rare earth-transition metal alloy here is an alloy containing rare earth elements such as Gd, Tb and Dy and transition metal elements such as Fe and Co as components.
- the spin-polarized film means a magnetic film in which the spin is completely polarized with respect to the ⁇ 1 band, such as Fe, FeCo, and FeCoB.
- An effective spin polarization ratio can be increased by combining this polarization film with an insulating layer having a 4-fold symmetry with respect to the stacking direction, such as MgO, to form a spin tunnel junction.
- MgO the stacking direction
- the first magnetic layer or the second magnetic layer is a laminated film of a rare earth-transition metal alloy and either an FeCo alloy thin film or an FeCoB alloy thin film.
- the FeCo alloy thin film has a magnetoresistance ratio of 200% or more due to the structure of the laminated film of FeCo / MgO / FeCo, and realizes good characteristics as a spin-polarized film. Can do.
- the FeCoB alloy thin film is an amorphous thin film, there is an advantage that a large area film can be formed with a uniform film quality without depending on the base.
- the first magnetic layer or the second magnetic layer is a single layer film of a granular perpendicular magnetization film, or a granular perpendicular magnetization film and a spin polarization film are formed.
- a laminated film is preferable.
- the magnetization direction of the granular perpendicular magnetization film can be stabilized in the perpendicular direction by stress, and the thermal stability of the recording magnetization can be improved.
- the granular perpendicular magnetization film referred to here is a magnetic film represented by CoCrPt—SiO 2 in which a mass of perpendicular magnetization metal exists in an insulator or non-magnetic material in the form of grains or columns. Point to.
- the first magnetic layer or the second magnetic layer is a laminated film of a granular perpendicular magnetization film and either an FeCo alloy thin film or an FeCoB alloy thin film, there are advantages similar to the above and it is more preferable. .
- the magnetic memory element of the embodiment of the present invention can be a storage device that uses it as a storage element.
- the magnetic memory element includes a plurality of the magnetic memory elements and a sealing package that cures the fluid sealing material and encloses the plurality of magnetic memory elements, and shrinks when the sealing material is cured.
- the first magnetic layer or the second magnetic layer of the magnetic memory element is subjected to strain deformation so as to extend in a direction perpendicular to the film surface, or the first magnetic layer and the second magnetic layer are It is preferable to leave compressive stress in any direction in the plane in at least one of the layers. That is, the magnetic layer (first or second magnetic layer) is stretched in the vertical direction of the memory element by using a force pulling the element when the sealant is cured. When stretched in the vertical direction, the film contracts in the in-plane (film surface) direction, so that compressive stress is generated in the in-plane direction. This compressive stress can improve the thermal stability of the recording magnetization.
- a die frame on which a substrate on which a plurality of the magnetic memory elements are arranged is placed, and a fluid sealing material is cured to put the plurality of magnetic memory elements together with the die frame.
- a sealed package sealed inside, and by bending the die frame, the first magnetic layer or the second magnetic layer of the magnetic memory element is extended in a direction perpendicular to the film surface. Or the compressive stress is left in any direction within the plane of the first magnetic layer or the second magnetic layer, and the sealing material is kept bent while the die frame is bent. It is also preferable to be cured and encapsulated inside the sealed package.
- FIG. 5 shows a first embodiment of the present invention.
- the thermal stability of the recording magnetization is improved by compressive stress or strain deformation extending in the easy axis direction.
- the stress inside the interlayer insulating film 23 depends on the process conditions (gas pressure, target composition, sputtering voltage, etc.) for forming the interlayer insulating film 23.
- the process conditions gas pressure, target composition, sputtering voltage, etc.
- the interlayer insulating film 23 is adjusted so that the internal stress is reduced as much as possible by adjusting the film forming process conditions. For example, plasma is generated by both the high-frequency power source and the low-frequency power source to generate high-frequency power and low-frequency power. The film was formed by adjusting the ratio so that the stress generated in the interlayer insulating film 23 was minimized.
- the interlayer insulating film 23 is deformed and deformed. That is, in the film forming process of the interlayer insulating film 23, expansion (strain deformation) is generated by forming the film so that the internal stress of the interlayer insulating film 23 is increased.
- An interlayer insulating film manufactured under such conditions is illustrated as an interlayer insulating film 23X.
- the recording layer 20 and the fixed layer 22 are pressed from both sides by the expanded interlayer insulating film 23X and compressed in the in-plane direction. For this reason, compressive stress is generated inside, and this compressive stress changes the magnetic anisotropy energy inside the recording layer 20 and the fixed layer 22 and acts to enhance the thermal stability of magnetization. In this way, the thermal stability of the recording magnetization can be improved.
- the element shape in the plane of the MTJ portion 13 needs to be an ellipse or a rectangle, but these are perpendicular magnetization films. Then, the aspect ratio of the element shape can be set to 1. This is because when the direction of magnetization is in-plane magnetization, it is necessary to limit the direction of magnetization by reducing the symmetry of the in-plane shape of the element. This is because such a necessity is eliminated when the vertical direction can be achieved. Therefore, in the magnetic memory element of FIG. 5, the recording layer 20 and the fixed layer 22 are perpendicularly magnetized films as shown in FIG.
- the in-plane shape of the element is a highly symmetrical shape such as a square or a circle. Therefore, it is possible to further increase the density by reducing the area of the element as compared with the case where the in-plane magnetization film is used.
- FIG. 6 shows a second embodiment of the present invention. 6 is different from the configuration of FIG. 1 in that a material having a thermal expansion coefficient larger than the thermal expansion coefficients of the recording layer 20 and the fixed layer 22 is used as the lower electrode 14. That is, in the present embodiment, the fixed layer 22 and the recording layer 20 are compressed using the contraction force of the lower electrode 14.
- the lower electrode 14 when forming the fixed layer 22 and the recording layer 20, the lower electrode 14 is heated and expanded. When the fixed layer 22 and the recording layer 20 are formed and cooled to room temperature, the lower electrode 14 contracts and is pulled by the contraction of the lower electrode 14 to contract the fixed layer 22 and the recording layer 20. Due to this shrinkage, a stress 101 is generated in the fixed layer 22 and the recording layer 20. Since this stress 101 is a compressive stress, the thermal stability of the recording magnetization can be improved by the same effect as the configuration of FIG.
- FIG. 7 shows the third embodiment of the present invention.
- a sealing material such as an epoxy resin for the purpose of protecting the internal element from the influence of the environment.
- a resin that shrinks by curing at the time of sealing with the epoxy resin is used.
- the element is pulled in a direction perpendicular to the film surface.
- the magnetic layer is contracted in the in-plane direction, and a compressive stress directed in the in-plane direction is generated.
- the thermal stability of the recording magnetization of the perpendicular magnetic film can be improved by the same effect as in FIG.
- FIG. 8 shows a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- an MRAM is manufactured by integrating magnetic memory elements, and the MRAM chip 1 is mounted on a die frame 41.
- the MRAM chip 1 is connected to the lead frame 43 by bonding wires 41, and the MRAM chip 1 is enclosed with a resin package 44 together with the die frame 41.
- the resin is cured and sealed while the die frame 41 and the MRAM chip 1 are bent together. It is set as the structure which gives a compressive stress to the inside magnetic layer.
- the die frame 41 is provided with a die frame 41 for maintaining a bent state of the MRAM chip 1 and a holding frame surrounding the MRAM chip 1,
- the holding frame is brought into contact with the upper side of the MRAM chip 1 upward and downward to generate stress in the MRAM chip 1 and the holding frame can be sealed with a resin package.
- Example 1 of the magnetic memory element manufactured according to the first embodiment will be described below. Refer to FIG. 5 again.
- a drain region 24, a source region 25, and a gate electrode 16 are formed on a Si substrate (silicon wafer) 15 by a CMOS process.
- Al 5 nm
- the lower electrode 14 is formed on the drain region 24, and the contact 17 is formed on the source region 25 by photolithography.
- Cu 10 nm
- the gate line 18 is formed on the source region 25 by photolithography.
- TbFeCo (5 nm), FeCoB (1 nm), MgO (1 nm), FeCoB (1 nm), TbFeCo (5 nm), Ta (5 nm), Ru (5 nm), Ta (3 nm) are stacked in this order, and photolithography is performed. According to the process, the laminated film is finely processed into a circular element having a diameter of 50 to 100 nm.
- An interlayer insulating film (SiN) is further formed by a plasma CVD (chemical vapor deposition) process while leaving the resist at this time.
- the reaction gas is a mixed gas of silane (SiH 4 ) and ammonia (NH 3 ), the substrate is heated to 400 ° C., and a high frequency power source of 13.56 MHz is used as a power source for generating plasma. Plasma is generated with an output of about 1 to 2.5 kW. After the interlayer insulating film is formed to a thickness of about 100 nm in this manner, the resist used in the photolithography process is washed away using acetone or NMP (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone) as a solvent.
- acetone or NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- Ta (10 nm), Cu (500 nm), and Ta (10 nm) are stacked in this order by magnetron sputtering, and the Ta / Cu / Ta stacked portion is processed into a bit line shape by photolithography.
- the magnetic memory element of Example 1 of the present invention can be manufactured.
- the fact that the interlayer insulating film 23 is deformed and deformed is positively utilized. That is, in the plasma CVD process of the interlayer insulating film 23, for example, a tensile stress (up to 600 MPa) is generated inside the interlayer insulating film 23 by forming the film by high-frequency plasma, for example. Due to this tensile stress, the interlayer insulating film 23 is stretched forward in the film plane and is deformed and deformed ( ⁇ 0.15%). By the expanded interlayer insulating film 23, the recording layer 20 and the fixed layer 22 are pressed in all directions from the film side surface portion and compressed in the in-plane direction.
- a tensile stress up to 600 MPa
- the interlayer insulating film 23 is stretched forward in the film plane and is deformed and deformed ( ⁇ 0.15%).
- a compressive stress of about 150 MPa is generated inside the recording layer 20 and the fixed layer 22.
- This compressive stress changes the magnetic anisotropy energy inside the recording layer 20 and the fixed layer 22 and acts to increase the thermal stability of magnetization.
- an alloy thin film such as TbFeCo, TbFe, GdFeCo, GdFe, DyFeCo, and DyFe known as rare earth-transition metal alloys
- the magnetostriction constant ⁇ varies in the range of about 100 to 1000 ppm depending on the composition.
- KuV / k B T is improved by about 200, and sufficient thermal stability as MRAM can be secured.
- the power source for generating plasma when forming the interlayer insulating film 23 is a single high frequency power source ( ⁇ 13.56 MHz).
- a low frequency power source up to 250 kHz
- film quality that is, film properties such as step coverage and moisture absorption resistance.
- the output power of the high frequency power supply is made larger than the output power of the low frequency power supply, the film quality (step coverage, moisture absorption) is improved while maintaining the thermal stability of the recording magnetization. Can do.
- Example 1 plasma CVD is used as the method for forming the interlayer insulating film 23, but it can be formed by thermal CVD.
- a mixed gas of silane (SiH 4 ) gas and ammonia (NH 3 ) gas a tensile stress can be similarly generated in the interlayer insulating film 23.
- SiN film is used as the interlayer insulating film 23 in the first embodiment, the same effect can be generated even when an SiO 2 film, a PSG film, a TEOS film, or the like is used.
- Example 2 of the magnetic memory element of Example 2 manufactured according to the second embodiment of the present invention is as shown in FIG.
- Example 2 a configuration in which compressive stress is applied to the fixed layer 22 and the recording layer 20 by utilizing the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the magnetic layer (the recording layer 20 and the fixed layer 22) and the lower electrode 14 is employed.
- a manufacturing method of Example 2 will be described with reference to FIGS.
- the drain region 24, the source region 25, and the small gate electrode 16 are formed on the Si substrate 15 by the CMOS process as in FIG.
- Al (5 nm) is deposited by magnetron sputtering, and the lower electrode 14 is formed on the drain region 24 and the contact 17 is formed on the source region 25 by photolithography.
- Cu (10 nm) is formed by magnetron sputtering, and the gate line 18 is formed on the source region 25 by photolithography.
- the entire Si substrate 15 is heated to about 300 to 400.degree. Then, while maintaining the high temperature state of about 300 to 400 ° C., TbFeCo (5 nm), FeCoB (1 nm), MgO (nm), FeCoB (1 nm), TbFeCo (5 nm), Ta (5 nm), Ru (5 nm), Laminate in the order of Ta (3 nm), and then cool to room temperature.
- the laminated film is finely processed by a photolithography process so that the in-plane shape is a circle with a diameter of 50 to 100 nm.
- An interlayer insulating film (SiN) is further formed by a plasma CVD process while leaving the resist at this time.
- a mixed gas of silane (SiH 4 ) and ammonia (NH 3 ) is used as a reaction gas
- the substrate is heated to 400 ° C.
- a 13.56 MHz high frequency power source and 250 kHz are used as a plasma generation power source.
- the plasma is generated with a total output of about 1 to 2.5 kW.
- the resist used in the photolithography process is washed away with acetone or NMP.
- Ta (10 nm), Cu (500 nm), and Ta (10 nm) are stacked in this order by magnetron sputtering, and the Ta / Cu / Ta stacked portion is processed into a bit line shape by photolithography.
- the above is an example of a method for manufacturing the structure in Embodiment 2.
- the effect which the structure of the magnetic memory element of Example 2 has is demonstrated.
- the above-described magnetic layer is formed in a state where the lower electrode 14 is thermally expanded by heating the substrate.
- the thermal expansion coefficient of Al (lower electrode 14) in the range of room temperature to 400 ° C. is about 23 to 28 ppm / K, and the thermal expansion coefficient of TbFeCo is 8 ppm / K, which is a typical value for amorphous Fe-based alloys.
- the element is heated by the current flowing through the element, so the contraction stress due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficient is relieved and the thermal stability is reduced. That is, at the time of writing, the thermal stability can be lowered and the amount of current required for writing can be reduced.
- the thermal stability can be lowered and the amount of current required for writing can be reduced.
- Example 2 aluminum (Al) was used as the lower electrode, but other metals having a large thermal expansion coefficient such as silver (Ag), gold (Au), copper (Cu), etc. May be used.
- the thermal expansion coefficients of these metals are silver: 20 ppm / K, gold: 14 ppm / K, and copper: 17 ppm / K.
- Example 3 of the magnetic memory element manufactured as the third embodiment of the present invention has the configuration shown in FIG. In FIG. 9, as shown in FIG. 10, the magnetic layer is laminated with the Si substrate 15 bent in a mountain shape, and after the lamination, the Si substrate 15 is returned to a flat surface so that compressive stress remains inside the magnetic layer. To do. A method for manufacturing the structure of Example 3 will be described. First, the drain region 24, the source region 25, and the gate electrode 16 are formed on the Si substrate 15 by the CMOS process as in FIG. Al (5 nm) is deposited by magnetron sputtering, and the lower electrode 14 and the contact 17 are formed on the drain region 24 by photolithography. Further, Cu (10 nm) is formed by magnetron sputtering, and the gate line 18 is formed on the source region 25 by photolithography.
- an interlayer insulating film is formed by a plasma CVD process while leaving the resist.
- a plasma CVD process a mixed gas of silane (SiH 4 ) and ammonia (NH 3 ) is used as a reaction gas, the substrate is heated to 400 ° C., and a 13.56 MHz high frequency power source and 250 kHz are used as a plasma generation power source.
- the plasma is generated with a total output of about 1 to 2.5 kW.
- the interlayer insulating film is formed to a thickness of about 100 nm, the resist used in the photolithography process is washed away with acetone or NMP.
- Ta (10 nm), Cu (500 nm), and Ta (10 nm) are stacked in this order by magnetron sputtering, and the Ta / Cu / Ta stacked portion is processed into a bit line shape by photolithography.
- the above is an example of the manufacturing method of Example 3 of the magnetic memory element.
- the compressive stress ⁇ generated inside the magnetic layer is calculated from the formula of material mechanics.
- h S is the thickness of the substrate
- h f is the thickness of the thin film
- ⁇ is the Poisson's ratio
- E is the Young's modulus
- R is the radius of curvature.
- the substrate thickness is 300 ⁇ m
- the thin film thickness is 5 nm
- Example 4 of the MRAM manufactured according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention has a configuration as shown in FIG. An example of a method for creating the configuration in FIG. 8 will be described.
- the manufacturing method of the magnetic memory element integrated on the MRAM chip can be described in the first to third embodiments, or can be a method according to the prior art.
- the Si substrate is diced and divided into chips.
- the MRAM chip 1 is fixed on a die frame 41 such as copper phosphate with a silver paste.
- the above is an example of a method for manufacturing a magnetic memory element in Example 4.
- the simplest method for confirming how much the magnetic layer is distorted is to measure the estimated number by cross-sectional TEM measurement.
- the strain can be easily obtained by comparing the bulk lattice constant and the lattice constant measured by the cross-sectional TEM.
- this method cannot be used for amorphous magnetic materials.
- FIG. 11 is an example of measurement of magnetization characteristics.
- the solid line is the magnetization characteristic in the easy axis direction
- the dotted line is the magnetization characteristic in the hard axis direction.
- the anisotropic magnetic field Hk can be measured by extrapolating the tangent line at the origin of the magnetization characteristic in the hard axis direction and measuring the magnetic field at the intersection with the magnetization characteristic in the easy axis direction.
- the magnetic anisotropy energy is determined by the composition and internal stress. Therefore, the same composition and film thickness and the same film configuration (for example, TbFeCo (5 nm), FeCoB (1 nm), MgO (1 nm), FeCoB (1 nm), TbFeCo (5 nm), Ta (5 nm), Ru (5 nm) )) Is formed on the entire surface of the glass substrate, and the change in the magnetic anisotropy energy is calculated from the magnetic anisotropy energy of the entire surface film and the magnetic anisotropy energy of the magnetic memory element.
- Magnetic memory element 10 storage device 1: MRAM chip 11: bit line 12: upper electrode 13: MTJ portion 14: lower electrode 15: substrate 16: gate region 17: contact portion 18: word line 20: recording layer (first layer 2 magnetic layer) 21: Insulating layer 22: Fixed layer (first magnetic layer) 23, 23X: Interlayer insulating film 24: Drain region 25: Source region 41: Die frame 42: Bonding wire 43: Lead frame 44: Resin package 101: Arrows 102, 102A, 102B indicating the direction of stress: Direction of magnetization Arrow
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Abstract
Description
以下さらに図面を参照して本発明の実施の形態について説明する。図5に本発明の第1の実施形態を示す。図5において図1と同一の構成要素には同一の符号を付して説明を省略する。図5においては、層間絶縁膜23Xを利用して、固定層22及び記録層20の側面から圧縮応力を加えて、固定層22及び記録層20を歪み変形させて磁化容易軸方向に延びる面内形状が得られるようにすることにより、圧縮応力または磁化容易軸方向に延びる歪み変形によって記録磁化の熱安定性を向上させる構成としている。
図6に本発明の第2の実施形態を示す。図6の構成においては、記録層20および固定層22の熱膨張係数よりも大きい熱膨張係数を有する材料を下部電極14として用いる点を図1の構成から変更している。すなわち本実施の形態は、下部電極14の収縮力を利用して、固定層22および記録層20を圧縮する構成としている。
図7に本発明、第3の実施形態を示す。図7においては、集積した磁気メモリ素子をパッケージに封止する際に用いる封止剤(エポキシ樹脂)の収縮を利用して記録層20及び固定層22の面内方向に圧縮応力を発生させる構成としている。
図8に本発明の第4の実施形態を示す。図8においては、磁気メモリ素子を集積化してMRAMを作製し、そのMRAMチップ1がダイフレーム41に搭載されている。MRAMチップ1はボンディングワイヤ41によってリードフレーム43に接続され、MRAMチップ1は、ダイフレーム41と共に樹脂パッケージ44によって封入されている。本実施例においては、半導体プロセスの最後にMRAMチップを樹脂パッケージに封止する際にダイフレーム41とMRAMチップ1とを共にたわませたまま樹脂を硬化させて封止することによって、MRAMチップ内の磁性層に圧縮応力を与える構成とする。図示しないが、ダイフレーム41とMRAMチップ1基板たわませた状態を維持するためのダイフレーム41とMRAMチップ1を囲む保持用のフレームを備え、ダイフレーム41の図上左右両端の下側とMRAMチップ1の上側とのそれぞれに、上向きおよび下向きに保持用フレームを当接させて応力をMRAMチップ1に生じさせ、保持フレームごと樹脂パッケージによって封止することができる。なお、この実施形態においては、必ずしも硬化時に収縮する樹脂を用いなくとも良い。
性エネルギーの上昇に相当することとなり、熱安定性が大きく向上することがわかる。
によって計算することができる。ここで、hSは基板の厚さ、hfは薄膜の厚さ、γはポアソン比、Eはヤング率、そしてRは曲率半径である。
10:記憶装置
1:MRAMチップ
11:ビット線
12:上部電極
13:MTJ部
14:下部電極
15:基板
16:ゲート領域
17:コンタクト部
18:ワード線
20:記録層(第2の磁性層)
21:絶縁層
22:固定層(第1の磁性層)
23、23X:層間絶縁膜
24:ドレイン領域
25:ソース領域
41:ダイフレーム
42:ボンディングワイヤ
43:リードフレーム
44:樹脂パッケージ
101:応力の向きを示す矢印
102、102A、102B:磁化の向きを示す矢印
Claims (15)
- 第1の磁性層と、該第1の磁性層に積層した絶縁層と、該絶縁層に積層した第2の磁性層とを有する磁気メモリ素子であって、
前記第1の磁性層および前記第2の磁性層の少なくともいずれかを、磁性層の磁化容易軸方向に伸びるように歪み変形させた磁気メモリ素子。 - 前記第1の磁性層および前記第2の磁性層が垂直磁化膜であり、
前記第1の磁性層および前記第2の磁性層との少なくともいずれかを、膜面に対し垂直方向に伸びるように歪み変形させることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の磁気メモリ素子。 - 前記第1の磁性層および前記第2の磁性層が面内磁化膜であり、
面内形状が楕円または長方形にされていて長軸方向に伸びるように歪み変形させることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の磁気メモリ素子。 - 前記第1の磁性層の側面と前記第2の磁性層の側面とに接するように、前記第1の磁性層の側面と前記第2の磁性層の側面とを他の金属から絶縁する層間絶縁膜が備えられており、
前記第1の磁性層および前記第2の磁性層のうちの少なくともいずれかを前記層間絶縁膜によって側面から圧縮して歪み変形させることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の磁気メモリ素子。 - 前記第1の磁性層の下部に、前記第1の磁性層の熱膨張係数より大きい熱膨張係数の材質による下地層または基板を備えており、
前記下地層または基板を収縮させて前記第1の磁性層を圧縮することにより前記第1の磁性層あるいは前記第2の磁性層のうち少なくともいずれかを歪み変形させることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の磁気メモリ素子。 - 第1の磁性層と、該第1の磁性層に積層した絶縁層と、該絶縁層に積層した第2の磁性層とを有する磁気メモリ素子であって、
前記第1の磁性層と前記第2の磁性層との少なくともいずれかに、面内のいずれかの方向に向く圧縮応力が残るように構成された磁気メモリ素子。 - 前記第1の磁性層の側面と前記第2の磁性層の側面とに接するように、前記第1の磁性層の側面と前記第2の磁性層の側面とを他の金属から絶縁する層間絶縁膜が備えられており、
前記第1の磁性層または前記第2の磁性層を前記層間絶縁膜によって側面から圧縮して前記圧縮応力を発生させることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の磁気メモリ素子。 - 前記第1の磁性層の下部に、前記第1の磁性層の熱膨張係数より大きい熱膨張係数の材質による下地層または基板を備えており、
前記下地層または基板を収縮させて前記第1の磁性層を圧縮することにより前記圧縮応力を発生させることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の磁気メモリ素子。 - 前記第1の磁性層または第2の磁性層が、希土類-遷移金属合金の単層膜であるか、希土類-遷移金属合金とスピン偏極膜との積層膜であることを特徴とする請求項1または6に記載の磁気メモリ素子。
- 前記第1の磁性層または第2の磁性層が、希土類-遷移金属合金と、FeCo合金薄膜またはFeCoB合金薄膜いずれかとの積層膜であることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の磁気メモリ素子。
- 前記第1の磁性層または第2の磁性層が、グラニュラー垂直磁化膜の単層膜であるか、または、グラニュラー垂直磁化膜とスピン偏極膜とを積層した積層膜であることを特徴とする請求項1または6に記載の磁気メモリ素子。
- 前記第1の磁性層または第2の磁性層が、グラニュラー垂直磁化膜と、FeCo合金薄膜またはFeCoB合金薄膜いずれかとの積層膜であることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の磁気メモリ素子。
- 請求項1または6に記載の磁気メモリ素子を記憶素子として用いる記憶装置。
- 複数の前記磁気メモリ素子と、
流動性のある封止材を硬化させて該複数の磁気メモリ素子を内部に封入する封止パッケージと
を備え、前記封止材を硬化させる際の収縮によって、前記磁気メモリ素子の前記第1の磁性層または前記第2の磁性層を、膜面に対し垂直方向に伸張するように歪み変形させるか、前記第1の磁性層と前記第2の磁性層との少なくともいずれかに、面内のいずれかの方向に向く圧縮応力を残留させることを特徴とする請求項13に記載の記憶装置。 - 複数の前記磁気メモリ素子が配設された基板を置くダイフレームと、
流動性のある封止材を硬化させて該複数の磁気メモリ素子を前記ダイフレームとともに内部に封入する封止パッケージと
を備え、前記ダイフレームをたわませることにより、前記磁気メモリ素子の前記第1の磁性層または前記第2の磁性層を膜面に対し垂直方向に伸張するように歪み変形させるか、または、前記第1の磁性層または前記第2の磁性層の面内のいずれかの向きに圧縮応力を残留させて、前記ダイフレームをたわませたまま前記封止材を硬化させて前記封止パッケージの内部に封入したことを特徴とする請求項13に記載の記憶装置。
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US13/061,946 US8803263B2 (en) | 2008-09-03 | 2009-07-08 | Magnetic memory element and storage device using the same |
KR1020167007313A KR101780611B1 (ko) | 2008-09-03 | 2009-07-08 | 자기 메모리 소자 및 그것을 이용하는 기억 장치 |
JP2010527737A JPWO2010026831A1 (ja) | 2008-09-03 | 2009-07-08 | 磁気メモリ素子およびそれを用いる記憶装置 |
EP09811360.8A EP2333826B1 (en) | 2008-09-03 | 2009-07-08 | Magnetic memory element and storage device using same |
US14/250,461 US9543508B2 (en) | 2008-09-03 | 2014-04-11 | Magnetic memory element and storage device using the same |
US15/402,552 US20170125665A1 (en) | 2008-09-03 | 2017-01-10 | Magnetic memory element and storage device using the same |
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US14/250,461 Continuation US9543508B2 (en) | 2008-09-03 | 2014-04-11 | Magnetic memory element and storage device using the same |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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KR20110056382A (ko) | 2011-05-27 |
EP2333826A4 (en) | 2013-01-23 |
KR20160039293A (ko) | 2016-04-08 |
JP2013254981A (ja) | 2013-12-19 |
JP5660172B2 (ja) | 2015-01-28 |
EP2333826B1 (en) | 2014-09-03 |
US20140217534A1 (en) | 2014-08-07 |
US20120012954A1 (en) | 2012-01-19 |
EP2333826A1 (en) | 2011-06-15 |
US8803263B2 (en) | 2014-08-12 |
US20170125665A1 (en) | 2017-05-04 |
KR101607356B1 (ko) | 2016-03-29 |
KR101780611B1 (ko) | 2017-09-21 |
JPWO2010026831A1 (ja) | 2012-02-02 |
US9543508B2 (en) | 2017-01-10 |
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