WO2010013429A1 - 膜厚測定装置及び膜厚測定方法 - Google Patents
膜厚測定装置及び膜厚測定方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010013429A1 WO2010013429A1 PCT/JP2009/003507 JP2009003507W WO2010013429A1 WO 2010013429 A1 WO2010013429 A1 WO 2010013429A1 JP 2009003507 W JP2009003507 W JP 2009003507W WO 2010013429 A1 WO2010013429 A1 WO 2010013429A1
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- film thickness
- reflectance
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- value
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/55—Specular reflectivity
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
- G01B11/06—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness ; e.g. of sheet material
- G01B11/0616—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness ; e.g. of sheet material of coating
- G01B11/0625—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness ; e.g. of sheet material of coating with measurement of absorption or reflection
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a film thickness measuring apparatus and a film thickness measuring method for determining the film thickness of a film formed on a substrate surface by measuring spectral reflectance.
- an ellipsometer for example, Patent Document 1
- a measurement apparatus for measuring the film thickness from the maximum wavelength or the minimum wavelength of spectral reflectance data hereinafter referred to as PV ( Called a “Peak-Valley” device)
- PV Called a “Peak-Valley” device
- Ellipsometers are widely used for thin film measurement in the semiconductor manufacturing field.
- the light projection / reception angle is large, it is difficult to use on a line where the distance to the measurement target surface changes, and the optical system is complicated because the optical elements on both the light projection and light reception sides are rotated for measurement. There are problems such as being expensive.
- a film thickness measuring apparatus includes a light source, a spectroscopic sensor, a processor, and a storage device, and light from the light source is perpendicularly incident on a measurement target surface including the film, The reflected light is configured to enter the spectroscopic sensor.
- the storage device stores the theoretical value of the reflectance distribution for each film thickness and the theoretical value of the color characteristic variable for each film thickness
- the processor stores the reflection for each film thickness stored in the storage device. Using the theoretical value of the rate distribution or the theoretical value of the color characteristic variable for each film thickness, the film thickness of the film to be measured is obtained from the reflectance distribution measured by the spectroscopic sensor.
- the film thickness measuring device uses the theoretical value of the reflectance distribution for each film thickness or the theoretical value of the color characteristic variable for each film thickness to determine the surface of the measurement target from the reflectance distribution measured by the spectroscopic sensor. Since the film thickness is obtained, the film thickness can be obtained even when there is no clear maximum or minimum wavelength in the reflectance distribution. Therefore, the film thickness measuring apparatus according to the present invention can be used for measuring a thin film of 500 nm or less.
- the film thickness measurement apparatus further includes a beam splitter, and at the time of measurement, light from the light source is incident on the measurement target surface perpendicularly via the beam splitter and reflected by the measurement target surface. After that, the laser beam travels in a direction perpendicular to the surface to be measured, passes through the beam splitter, and reaches the spectroscopic sensor.
- the film thickness measuring apparatus of the present embodiment by using a beam splitter, the light from the light source is incident on the surface to be measured perpendicularly, and then the light reflected in the direction perpendicular to the surface to be measured is reflected. It can lead to a spectroscopic sensor. Therefore, the film thickness measurement apparatus according to the present invention can measure multiple reflections by a thin film when a thin film is present on the measurement target surface, and can improve the measurement accuracy of reflectance.
- the film thickness measurement apparatus further includes a reflectance zero point correction cavity having an opening, and a reflectance calibration plate, and the light from the light source is reflected during the reflectance zero point correction. After passing through the beam splitter and entering the opening of the cavity for correcting the zero reflectance, the light is reflected and then travels in a direction perpendicular to the surface to be measured to reach the spectroscopic sensor via the beam splitter. It is configured.
- the film thickness measuring apparatus of the present embodiment at the time of reflectivity calibration, light from the light source is incident on the reflectivity calibration plate perpendicularly via the beam splitter, and is reflected by the reflectivity calibration plate.
- the output of the spectroscopic sensor at the time of measurement is V (M)
- the output of the spectroscopic sensor at the time of reflectance zero point correction is V (D)
- the output of the spectroscopic sensor at the time of reflectance calibration is V (C).
- the film thickness measuring apparatus of this embodiment can remove the contribution of light other than the light reflected from the surface of the measurement object from the input of the spectroscopic sensor, it accurately measures the reflectance distribution of the measurement object surface. can do.
- the film thickness measuring method according to the present invention is measured by a spectral sensor, a storage device storing a theoretical value of a reflectance distribution for each film thickness, and a theoretical value of a color characteristic variable for each film thickness, and a film thickness measuring apparatus including a processor.
- This is a film thickness measurement method for measuring the thickness of the film on the target surface.
- the film thickness measurement method according to the present invention includes a step of measuring a reflectance distribution of a measurement target surface provided with a film by the spectroscopic sensor, and a reflectance distribution for each film thickness stored in the storage device by the processor. And determining the film thickness of the film on the measurement target surface from the reflectance distribution measured by the spectroscopic sensor using the theoretical value or the theoretical value of the color characteristic variable for each film thickness.
- the film thickness measurement method uses the theoretical value of the reflectance distribution for each film thickness or the theoretical value of the color characteristic variable for each film thickness to determine the surface of the object to be measured from the reflectance distribution measured by the spectroscopic sensor. Since the film thickness is obtained, the film thickness can be obtained even when there is no clear maximum or minimum wavelength in the reflectance distribution. Therefore, the film thickness measuring method according to the present invention can be used for measuring a thin film of 500 nm or less.
- the reflectance distribution theory for each film thickness is calculated from the presence or absence of the measured extreme value of the reflectance distribution and the curvature of the curve including the extreme value.
- the value to be determined or the theoretical value of the color characteristic variable for each film thickness is used to determine the film thickness.
- the theoretical value of the reflectance distribution for each film thickness or the color of each film thickness is calculated from the presence or absence of the measured extreme value of the reflectance distribution and the curvature of the curve including the extreme value. Since it is determined which of the theoretical values of the characteristic variable is used to determine the film thickness, the film thickness in a continuous range of 500 nm or less can be measured.
- the step of determining the film thickness in the step of determining the film thickness, there is no extreme value of the measured reflectance distribution, or the curvature of the curve including the extreme value specifies the position of the extreme value.
- the theoretical value of the color characteristic variable for each film thickness is used, and in other cases, the theoretical value of the reflectance distribution is used to obtain the film thickness.
- the film thickness measurement method of the present embodiment even if it is difficult to determine the film thickness from the extreme value of the measured reflectance distribution or it is difficult to accurately determine the theoretical value of the color characteristic variable. Can be used to determine the film thickness.
- the film thickness is obtained using the theoretical value of the reflectance distribution, so that the film thickness can be uniquely determined.
- the film thickness measurement method according to the embodiment of the present invention is used after the measured reflectance distribution is corrected by a correction coefficient obtained so that the reflectance distribution obtained by measuring the substrate excluding the film matches the theoretical value. To do.
- the film thickness can be accurately measured by adapting the measured reflectance distribution to the theoretical value of the reflectance distribution.
- FIG. 1 It is a figure which shows the structure of the film thickness measuring apparatus by one Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the AA cross section of the film thickness measuring apparatus of FIG. It is a figure which shows an example of a structure of a spectral reflectance detection part. It is a figure which shows the structure of the collimator of a spectral reflectance detection part. It is a figure which shows an example of a structure of a cylindrical collimator. It is a figure which shows the structure of the cavity for reflectance zero point correction
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a film thickness measuring apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the film thickness measurement apparatus 100 includes a measurement unit 110, a processor 120, and a storage device 130.
- the measurement unit 110 includes a light emitting diode light source 101, a cylindrical collimator 103, a beam splitter 105, a measurement window 107, and a spectral reflectance detection unit (spectral sensor) 109.
- the light-emitting diode light source 101 uses an ultraviolet light-emitting diode light source having a peak at 430 nm and a white light-emitting diode light source having a peak near 580 nm.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing the reflected light luminance output of a calibration plate with a specular reflectance of 99% when an ultraviolet light emitting diode light source having a peak at 430 nm and a white light emitting diode light source having a peak near 580 nm are used in combination. . As shown in FIG.
- the luminance distribution of the light source used for the reflection measurement has a higher output in the vicinity of 450 nm to 500 nm, and the measurement accuracy of the spectral reflectance of 400 nm to 700 nm compared to the case where only the white light emitting diode light source is used. Can be improved.
- the specification of the beam splitter 105 is, for example, a cube-type non-polarizing beam splitter (product code 47009-J) manufactured by Edmond, Inc. It is controlled within 6%.
- the light from the light-emitting diode light source 101 passes through the cylindrical collimator 103, is reflected by the beam splitter 105, passes through the measurement window 107, and reaches the measurement object 501.
- the spectroscopic measurement device is arranged so that the light irradiated on the measurement target surface of the measurement target object 501 is perpendicularly incident on the measurement target surface.
- the light irradiated on the measurement target surface is reflected in a direction perpendicular to the measurement target surface, travels in the reverse direction along the same path as the light irradiated on the measurement target surface, reaches the beam splitter 105, and passes through the beam splitter 105. It passes through and reaches the spectral reflectance detection unit 109.
- light irradiated on the measurement object 501 is represented by a solid line
- light reflected by the measurement object 501 is represented by a dotted line.
- a cylindrical collimator 103 and a light source 101 are installed on the side surface of the beam splitter 105, and a spectral reflectance detection unit 109 is installed on the upper surface of the beam splitter 105.
- the cylindrical collimator 103 and the light source 101 may be installed on the upper surface of the beam splitter 105, and the spectral reflectance detection unit 109 may be installed on the side surface of the beam splitter 105.
- the film thickness measuring apparatus 100 of this embodiment further includes a reflectance calibration plate 201 and a reflectance zero point correction cavity 203.
- the configuration and function of the reflectance calibration plate 201 and the reflectance zero point correction cavity 203 will be described below.
- the upper surfaces of the reflectance calibration plate 201 and the reflectance zero point correction cavity 203 are disposed in the same plane as the upper surface of the measurement object 501.
- the measuring unit 110 is configured to be able to move in the horizontal direction to the positions of the reflectance calibration plate 201 and the reflectance zero point correction cavity 203 and measure the reflectance.
- the reflectance calibration plate 201 and the reflectivity zero point correction cavity 203 may be configured to be able to move to the position of the measurement object 501 without the measurement object 501.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the configuration of the reflectivity zero point correction cavity 203.
- the reflectivity zero point correcting cavity 203 has a cylindrical shape.
- the cylinder with the bottom has a diameter of 50 mm and a height of 50 mm.
- On the upper surface of the cylinder there is a circular window with a diameter of 25 mm at the center.
- the inner and outer surfaces of the cylinder are painted black so that when the light enters the circular window, it is almost absorbed inside.
- the reflectance when light is incident on the circular window is 0.2% or less.
- the reflectance calibration plate 201 may be a commercially available low-reflection mirror plate.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the reflectance with respect to the wavelength of the reflectance calibration plate.
- light incident on the spectroscopic sensor 109 includes light V (T) reflected from the surface of the measurement object 501, reflected light V ⁇ b> 2 at the lower surface of the beam splitter 105, and light that has passed through the beam splitter 105.
- light V3 reflected by the beam splitter 105 and light V4 reflected by the measurement window 107 and the like.
- the reflectance calibration plate 201 and the reflectance zero point correction cavity 203 function to remove noise such as V2, V3, and V4.
- V (M) V (T) + V (D)
- V (T) V (M) ⁇ V (D) It can be expressed.
- the reflectance Rv (T) of the measurement target surface 501 is defined as Rv (Ref) when the reflectance of the reflection calibration plate 201 is Rv (Ref).
- Rv (T) Rv (Ref) ⁇ V (T) / V (Ref) (1) It can be expressed.
- the reflectivity Rv (Ref) for each wavelength of the reflection calibration plate 201 is stored in advance in the storage device 130 of the film thickness measuring device 100.
- the film thickness measuring apparatus 100 periodically measures V (D) and V (C) and stores these values in the storage device 130.
- the film thickness measuring device 100 obtains the output V (M) of the measurement target surface 501 and uses Rv (Ref), V (D), and V (C) stored in the storage device 130 to obtain the equation (1).
- the reflectance Rv (T) for each wavelength of the measurement target surface 501 can be obtained.
- the reason for periodically measuring V (D) and V (C) is to cope with the temperature drift of the output of the light source 101 and the spectral reflectance detector 109.
- FIG. 2 is a view showing an AA cross section of the film thickness measuring apparatus of FIG.
- the light irradiated onto the measurement target surface of the measurement target 501 enters the measurement target surface perpendicularly.
- the light irradiated on the measurement target surface is reflected in a direction perpendicular to the measurement target surface, travels in the reverse direction along the same path as the light irradiated on the measurement target surface, reaches the beam splitter 105, and passes through the beam splitter 105. It passes through and reaches the spectral reflectance detection unit 109.
- the spectral reflectance detection unit 109 includes a transmission wavelength variable filter 1091, a collimator 1093, and an image sensor 1095. Details of these will be described later.
- FIG. 1 The spectral reflectance detection unit 109 includes a transmission wavelength variable filter 1091, a collimator 1093, and an image sensor 1095. Details of these will be described later.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of the spectral reflectance detection unit 109.
- the spectral reflectance detection unit 109 includes the transmission wavelength variable filter 1091, the collimator 1093, and the image sensor 1095.
- the transmission wavelength variable filter 1091 is a type of interference filter in which the transmission wavelength range of incident white light from the short wavelength side to the long wavelength side changes continuously or stepwise depending on the position of the filter.
- the collimator 1093 of the spectral reflectance detection unit 109 secures a predetermined interval between the transmission wavelength variable filter 1091 and the image sensor 1095, and emits light having a wavelength determined by the position of the transmission wavelength variable filter 1091 with high resolution. 1095 so that it can be measured.
- the reason why a predetermined interval is ensured between the transmission wavelength tunable filter 1091 and the image sensor 1095 is that, if the two are in contact with each other, multiple reflection occurs between the two and the spectral characteristics deteriorate.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the configuration of the collimator 1093 of the spectral reflectance detection unit 109.
- the width W of the opening of the collimator 1093 is 2.2 millimeters, and the length L is 13 millimeters.
- the height H of the collimator 1093 is 1.5 millimeters.
- the scale of FIG. 4 is not matched to the above dimensions.
- the dimensions of the collimator 1093 are determined as follows.
- the light receiving surface of the image sensor has a rectangular shape of 2.5 ⁇ 12.5 millimeters, and 256 photosensitive elements of 50 ⁇ 2500 micrometers ( ⁇ m) are arranged in the direction L in FIG.
- the lattice interval a of the collimator 1093 is 40 micrometers, and the repetition pitch is 50 micrometers of the pitch of the image sensor.
- 255 10-micrometer grids (SUS plates) are provided.
- the lattice interval b was 0.5 mm, and four openings were provided in the width of 2.2 mm of the openings.
- the three beams in the longitudinal direction in the figure had a width of 0.1 mm and were installed so that the shape of the opening was not disturbed during processing.
- Such a collimator is formed by alternately stacking a first metal thin plate having a hole and a second metal thin plate not having a hole, pressing both sides thereof with a pressing plate, and diffusing and bonding them by thermocompression bonding. Then, the part corresponding to the part which has the hole of a 1st metal thin plate can be formed by cut
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of the cylindrical collimator 103.
- the length of the cylindrical collimator 103 in the longitudinal direction is 40 millimeters, and the cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction is a rectangle having two sides of 6 millimeters and 15 millimeters, respectively.
- the size of the rectangle is determined according to the size of the detection surface of the image sensor 1095 (rectangles having two sides of 2.5 mm and 12 mm, respectively).
- the inner surface of the cylindrical collimator 103 is provided with eight traps each having a height of 1.5 mm and a width of 15 mm so as to improve the directivity of light from the light source. The trap prevents light diffused from the light source 101 from entering the beam splitter 105.
- the trap has a matte black plating treatment on the surface so as to absorb light.
- the film thickness measuring apparatus 100 of this embodiment by using the beam splitter 105, the light from the light source is incident on the surface to be measured perpendicularly and then reflected in the direction perpendicular to the surface to be measured. Light can be guided to the spectral reflectance detection unit 109. Since the film thickness measuring apparatus 100 of this embodiment includes a cylindrical collimator 103 between the light source 101 and the beam splitter 105, light in a predetermined range of light from the light source 101 is used as a measurement target surface. On the other hand, it can be made to enter substantially perpendicularly.
- the range of the light receiving angle of light received by the image sensor 1095 is limited to 1.5 ° or less by the collimator 1093 of the spectral reflectance detection unit 109.
- the sensor 1095 can detect only light reflected in the direction perpendicular to the measurement target surface.
- the spectral reflectance detection unit 109 measures the reflectance for each wavelength of the measurement target surface, that is, the reflectance distribution, and obtains the film thickness of the film on the measurement target surface from the reflectance distribution. .
- the reflectance measurement function of the film thickness measuring apparatus according to the present embodiment will be described.
- Figure 18 is a diagram schematically showing a state of reflection when the transparent thin film on a substrate having a refractive index n m (refractive index n, thickness d) is deposited.
- n m refractive index
- d thickness
- the method of obtaining the spectral reflectance is described in the literature (Mitsunobu Koyama, “Basic Theory of Optical Thin Films”, Optronics Publishing, Chapter 3, Single Layer Thin Film, 3.1 Normal Incidence, P52-55) as follows.
- the Fresnel coefficient of reflection is expressed by the following formula.
- phase change immediately before entering the substrate is expressed by the following equation.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the measurement results of the reflectance of the measurement target with the thin film on the substrate, by the film thickness measuring apparatus according to the present embodiment.
- a measurement object is obtained by applying a thin film such as a transparent organic resin on a polyethylene terephthalate substrate.
- the horizontal axis represents wavelength and the vertical axis represents reflectance.
- a solid line indicates the measurement result of the reflectance by the film thickness measuring apparatus according to the present embodiment, and a dotted line indicates the measurement result of the reflectance by the spectrophotometer.
- the amplitude of the change in reflectance by the film thickness measuring apparatus according to the present embodiment is about 1.2% near the wavelength of 680 nanometers, and the amplitude of the change in reflectance by the spectrophotometer is 680 nm. It is about 0.6% near the nanometer.
- the periodic change of the reflectance by the film thickness measuring apparatus according to the present embodiment is clear at a wavelength of 450 nanometers or more, and the periodic change of the reflectance by the spectrophotometer is clear at a wavelength of 580 nanometers or more. . Periodic changes are not observed below 570 nanometers. From the above results, it is clear that the reflectance measurement by the film thickness measuring device according to the present embodiment is more accurate than the reflectance measurement by the spectrophotometer.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a measurement result of the reflectance of a measurement target obtained by attaching an oxide film on a silicon wafer by the film thickness measuring apparatus according to the present embodiment.
- the horizontal axis represents wavelength and the vertical axis represents reflectance.
- FIG. 10 shows the measurement results of six types of film thickness from 1.3 nanometers to 499 nanometers.
- the film thickness measurement apparatus In the film thickness measurement apparatus according to the present embodiment, the light irradiated onto the measurement target surface is incident perpendicularly to the measurement target surface and reflected by the measurement target surface in a direction perpendicular to the measurement target surface. Therefore, the film thickness measurement apparatus according to the present embodiment can measure multiple reflections by the thin film to be measured, and can improve the measurement accuracy of the reflectance. On the other hand, in the lab type spectrophotometer and the optical fiber type spectroscopic reflectometer, the light irradiated on the measurement target surface does not enter the measurement target surface perpendicularly. It cannot be measured.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing color difference values of reflection colors of two stainless steel sheets by the film thickness measuring apparatus according to the present embodiment.
- the horizontal axis indicates the identification of the measurement target (the first sheet, the first sheet, the second sheet, the second sheet, the second sheet), and the vertical axis indicates the color difference value.
- the color difference values are shown with reference to the measurement object shown on the left side.
- L *, a *, and b * represent coordinates in the CIE color space.
- the stainless steel sheet was arranged so that the direction of the rolling trace was orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the image sensor 1095.
- the rolling trace is a trace generated in the rolling direction when a stainless steel sheet is rolled.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the color values of the reflected colors of two stainless steel sheets by the film thickness measuring device according to the present embodiment.
- the horizontal axis indicates the identification of the measurement target (first table, first sheet back, second sheet front, second sheet back), and the vertical axis indicates the color value.
- FIG. 9 shows a case where a stainless steel sheet is arranged for each measurement object when the direction of the rolling trace is orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the image sensor 1095 (indicated as orthogonal in FIG. 12), and the direction of the rolling trace is an image.
- the case where the sensor 1095 is arranged in parallel with the longitudinal direction is shown.
- FIG. 12 shows an image.
- the brightness value (L) of each measurement object is greater in the orthogonal case than in the parallel case. The reason is that the amount of light reflected in the direction perpendicular to the rolling trace is greater than the amount of light reflected in the direction parallel to the rolling trace.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a measurement result of the reflectance of the stainless steel sheet by the film thickness measuring apparatus according to the present embodiment.
- the horizontal axis represents wavelength and the vertical axis represents reflectance.
- the light irradiated onto the measurement target surface is incident perpendicularly to the measurement target surface and reflected by the measurement target surface in a direction perpendicular to the measurement target surface. Therefore, according to the film thickness measuring apparatus according to the present embodiment, it is possible to measure the reflectance of the rough surface having rolling marks and the like that could not be measured by the conventional film thickness measuring apparatus.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a configuration of equipment (vacuum furnace) for applying a thin film to a sheet.
- a thin film is deposited by the vapor deposition apparatus 205 and is wound up as a roll-shaped sheet 209 again.
- the vapor deposition apparatus 205 performs vapor deposition by resistance heating, high frequency induction heating, electron beam heating, or the like.
- a film thickness measuring apparatus 100 ′ described below can be installed in the observation window 207.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a configuration of a film thickness measuring apparatus 100 ′ attached to the vacuum furnace 201.
- the film thickness measuring device 100 ′ includes a fixing flange 111 and a light guide 113 in addition to the components of the spectroscopic device 100 shown in FIG. 1.
- the film thickness measuring apparatus 100 ′ can be installed in the vacuum furnace 201 by attaching the fixing flange 111 to the measurement window flange 211 provided in the measurement window on the furnace wall of the vacuum furnace 201.
- the light guide 113 has a longitudinal length of 500 millimeters, and the cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction has a rectangular shape with two inner sides of 27 millimeters and 12 millimeters, respectively.
- the length of the light guide 113 may be determined so that the sheet 213 coated with the thin film to be measured is at a distance of 10 millimeters from the tip of the light guide 113.
- the film thickness measuring device 100 ′ is installed so that the longitudinal direction of the light guide 113 is perpendicular to the measurement target surface.
- the light guide 113 may be formed of an aluminum tube.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a measurement result of the reflectance of the measurement object by the film thickness measuring apparatus 100 ′ including the light guide 113.
- the objects to be measured are food wraps and two types of overhead projector films.
- the film thickness measuring apparatus 100 ′ was arranged so that the longitudinal direction of the light guide 113 was perpendicular to the measurement target surface and the distance from the measurement target surface to the tip of the light guide 113 was 10 mm.
- This measurement result is substantially the same as the measurement result obtained by the film thickness measurement apparatus 100 installed at a distance of 15 millimeters from the measurement target surface.
- the film thickness measuring apparatus 100 ′ including the light guide 113 can also measure the reflectance, that is, the film thickness with high accuracy. Therefore, the film thickness in the furnace such as a vacuum furnace can be measured by the film thickness measuring apparatus 100 ′ provided with the light guide 113.
- the extreme wavelength ⁇ 1 that occurs first is a local minimum.
- the range of film thickness from 224 to 232 nm has no extreme wavelength.
- Reflective color tristimulus values X, Y, and Z for each film thickness are obtained in advance from the reflectance distribution for each film thickness.
- the film thickness at which the reflection color tristimulus value error from the reflected color tristimulus value obtained from the measured reflectance distribution is minimized is taken as the measured film thickness.
- the reflected color tristimulus value error ⁇ W is defined by the following equation.
- the method for calculating the reflected color tristimulus values is described in detail in “JIS Z8722 Color Measurement Method: Reflected Color and Transmitted Color”.
- the film thickness is estimated using the tristimulus values X, Y, and Z, but a color value method (for example, L *, a *, b *) calculated from the reflected color tristimulus values may be used.
- a color value method for example, L *, a *, b *
- a variable representing a color characteristic such as a reflected color tristimulus value is referred to as a color characteristic variable.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing the reflectance distribution for Example 1.
- FIG. The horizontal axis indicates the wavelength, and the vertical axis indicates the reflectance.
- Example 1 there is no extreme value in the reflectance distribution with a thin film thickness, but there is one extreme value in the reflectance distribution with a thick film thickness.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram showing the reflectance distribution for Example 2.
- the horizontal axis indicates the wavelength, and the vertical axis indicates the reflectance.
- Example 2 there is no extreme value in the thin film reflectance distribution, but there are two extreme values in the thick film reflectance distribution.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram showing the reflectance distribution for Example 3.
- the horizontal axis indicates the wavelength, and the vertical axis indicates the reflectance.
- Example 3 there is one extreme value in the thin film reflectance distribution, and there are two extreme values in the thick film reflectance distribution.
- Example 1 there is no extreme value only in the case of the thin film thickness (21 nm) in Example 1 and in the case of the thin film thickness (129 nm) in Example 2. Therefore, if the extremum exists, the film thickness is estimated by the extremum, and if the extremum does not exist, the film thickness is estimated from the reflected color tristimulus error, which causes the problem of “metamerism”. There is no. That is, the film thickness can be uniquely estimated from the reflected color tristimulus value error.
- the types of wavelengths are ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 6 shown in FIG.
- the types of wavelengths are ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 6 shown in FIG.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram showing the reflectance distribution with respect to the film thickness at which the extreme wavelength is 550 nm.
- the horizontal axis indicates the wavelength, and the vertical axis indicates the reflectance.
- N value a number indicating the type of extreme value after ⁇
- Rv.max-Rv.min 5.45 (%)
- the unit of rN is%.
- the wavelength difference is ⁇ 22.5 nm, but other values may be used.
- the curvature coefficient may be defined in any way as long as it represents the curvature.
- the horizontal axis represents the film thickness, and the vertical axis represents the extreme wavelength (right scale) and the curvature coefficient (left scale). The following observations can be obtained from FIG.
- d 1 to 500 nm.
- the curvature coefficient r1 is a value in the following range. -1.0 ⁇ r1 ⁇ 0%
- the curvature coefficient r2 is a value in the following range. 0.86 ⁇ r2 ⁇ 1.7%
- the curvature coefficient r3 is a value in the following range. -7.6 ⁇ r3 ⁇ -3.7%
- the absolute value of the extreme curvature coefficient after ⁇ 4 gradually increases as the N value increases.
- the reflectance distribution (relationship between wavelength and reflectance) and the reflection color tristimulus values for each film thickness are calculated. And stored in the storage device 130 as a table.
- the film thickness range is 1 to 500 nm, and the resolution is 0.1 nm.
- the extreme value group is classified as follows.
- FIG. 32 is a flowchart showing a method for estimating the film thickness.
- step S010 of FIG. 32 the processor 120 obtains an extreme value and its curvature coefficient from the measured reflectance distribution. This extreme value and the curvature coefficient are referred to as a measurement extreme value and a measurement curvature coefficient.
- step S020 of FIG. 32 the processor 120 determines an extreme value group from the measured extreme value and the measured curvature coefficient.
- step S030 of FIG. 32 the processor 120 determines whether or not the extreme value group is the group A. If the extreme value group is group A, the process proceeds to step S040. If the extreme value group is not group A, the process proceeds to step S050.
- step S040 of FIG. 32 the processor 120 obtains a reflected color tristimulus value from the measured reflectance distribution. This reflected color tristimulus value is referred to as a measured reflected color tristimulus value.
- the processor 120 compares the reflected color tristimulus values of the film thickness in the range of the group A in the table stored in the storage device 130 with the measured reflected color tristimulus values, and reflects the trichromatic color of Equation (3). Find the film thickness that minimizes the stimulus value error.
- step S050 of FIG. 32 the processor 120 determines whether or not the extreme value group is the group B. If the extreme value group is group B, the process proceeds to step S060. If the extreme value group is not group B, the process proceeds to step S070.
- step S060 in FIG. 32 the processor 120 obtains a reflected color tristimulus value from the measured reflectance distribution. This reflected color tristimulus value is referred to as a measured reflected color tristimulus value.
- the processor 120 compares the reflected color tristimulus values of the film thickness in the range of the group B in the table stored in the storage device 130 with the measured reflected color tristimulus values, and reflects the trichromatic color of Equation (3). Find the film thickness that minimizes the stimulus value error.
- the extreme value group is group B
- the reason why the film thickness is obtained by using the reflected color tristimulus value instead of the extreme value even though the extreme value is present is to accurately identify the position of the extreme value. This is because the curvature of the curve including the extreme value is not sufficiently large.
- step S070 in FIG. 32 the processor 120 determines whether or not the extreme value group is the group C. If the extreme value group is group C, the process proceeds to step S080. If the extreme value group is not group C, the process proceeds to step S090.
- step S080 the processor 120 compares the film thickness extreme value in the range of the group C in the table stored in the storage device 130 with the measured extreme value, and obtains the film thickness that minimizes the difference.
- step S090 of FIG. 32 the processor 120 determines whether or not the extreme value group is the group D. If the extreme value group is group D, the process proceeds to step S100. If the extreme value group is not group C, the process proceeds to step 110.
- step S100 of FIG. 32 the processor 120 compares the film thickness extreme value (2) and the measurement extreme value (2) in the group D range in the table stored in the storage device 130, and the difference is found. Find the minimum film thickness.
- step S110 of FIG. 32 the processor 120 performs an abnormal process such as outputting a “film thickness cannot be estimated” message.
- FIG. 33 is a flowchart for explaining the pre-processing for film thickness estimation. A sample in which a thin film is formed on a substrate (PET) will be described.
- step S210 of FIG. 33 the refractive index of the substrate is determined.
- step S210 of FIG. 33 the theoretical reflectance distribution of the base material and the sample is calculated.
- step S230 of FIG. 33 the reflectance distribution of the base material and the sample is measured.
- FIG. 27 is a diagram showing the measured reflectance distribution of the substrate and the samples (S1, S2, and S3).
- the horizontal axis indicates the wavelength, and the vertical axis indicates the reflectance.
- the measured reflectance distribution of FIG. 27 is higher than the theoretical reflectance distribution of FIG. This is because the expression (1) ignores reflection from the bottom surface of the substrate.
- the maximum value of the theoretical reflectance distribution in FIG. 26 is constant, the maximum value of the measured reflectance distribution in FIG. 27 is not constant. The reason is that the refractive index is wavelength-dependent, and in order to adapt the measured reflectance distribution to the theoretical reflectance distribution, the measured substrate reflectance is set to the maximum value in FIG. A correction coefficient is necessary for this.
- a correction coefficient K ( ⁇ ) is obtained by the following equation.
- K ( ⁇ ) Rv.t ( ⁇ : max) / ⁇ Rv ( ⁇ ) ⁇ Rv.t ( ⁇ : max) ⁇
- Rv.t ( ⁇ : max) is the maximum value (6.72%) in FIG.
- FIG. 28 is a diagram showing the relationship between the wavelength and the correction coefficient K ( ⁇ ).
- the horizontal axis indicates the wavelength, and the vertical axis indicates the correction coefficient (right scale) and the reflectance (left scale).
- a corrected reflectance distribution Rv * ( ⁇ ) is obtained. That is, the measured reflectance distribution is adapted to the theoretical reflectance distribution by the following equation.
- Rv * ( ⁇ ) ⁇ Rv ( ⁇ ) ⁇ Rv0 ⁇ ⁇ K ( ⁇ ) (3)
- FIG. 29 is a diagram showing the relationship between the wavelength and the corrected reflectance distribution.
- the horizontal axis indicates the wavelength, and the vertical axis indicates the corrected reflectance distribution.
- step 260 of FIG. 32 the sample reflection tristimulus value is obtained from the corrected reflectance distribution of the sample.
- step 270 of FIG. 32 the theoretical reflection tristimulus value is obtained when the refractive index is changed with the sample film thickness known, and the error (equation (3)) with the reflection tristimulus value obtained in step 260 is the smallest.
- the refractive index of the film is determined so that
- FIG. 30 is a diagram showing the relationship between the refractive index of the film and the theoretical reflection tristimulus value.
- the horizontal axis indicates the refractive index of the film, and the vertical axis indicates the error between the reflection tristimulus value and the theoretical reflection tristimulus value obtained from the theoretical reflection tristimulus value and the corrected reflectance distribution.
- the film thickness can be estimated by the method described in FIG.
- FIG. 31 is a diagram showing the results of measuring the film thickness distribution of three samples by the film thickness measuring apparatus of the present embodiment.
- the horizontal axis indicates the measurement position, and the vertical axis indicates the measured film thickness.
- the average measured film thicknesses of sample S1 were 30.5 nm, sample S2 was 78.2 nm, and sample S3 was 206.3 nm.
- the method of FIG. 33 has been described by taking a thin film on a transparent substrate as an example, but the same processing can be performed when the substrate is opaque such as Si wafer or metal.
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Abstract
Description
Rv(T)=Rv(Ref)・(V(M)-V(D))/(V(C)-V(D))
によって測定対象面の反射率Rv(T)を求める。
V(C)=V(Ref)+V(D)
と表せる。したがって、
V(Ref)=V(C)-V(D)
と表せる。
V(M)=V(T)+V(D)
V(T)=V(M)-V(D)
と表せる。
Rv(T)=Rv(Ref)・V(T)/V(Ref)・・・(1)
と表せる。
ρ1=(n-nm)/(n+nm)
ただし、n0は、入射側の屈折率(空気の場合はn0=1.0)である。
ただし、δ=(2πnd)/λ (λは入射媒質中の波長)
反射率Rは以下の式で表される。
R=(ρ0 2+ρ1 2+2ρ0ρ1cos2δ)/(1+ρ0 2ρ1 2+2ρ0ρ1cos2δ) ・・・(2)
図8は、式(2)において、入射側媒質が空気(n=1.0)であり、n=1.46、膜厚d=6μmの有機塗工膜が、nm=1.63のPET(polyethylene terephthalate)基板上に形成されていると仮定した場合の反射率分布計算結果を示す図である。
つぎに、膜厚d=112~155nmの範囲は極値が存在しない。d=156nmで極大値が発生し、このときλ2=455.13nmである。極値波長は、d=223nmまで増大し、このときλ2=651.16nmである。
膜厚d=233nmで極小値波長が発生し、このときλ3=453.6nmである。膜厚d=334nmでλ3=650.2nmとなり、膜厚d=335nmでは極小値は消える。
ここで、Rv.max=6.72(%)は、理論計算で求まる最大反射率である(nm=1.7、n=1.46)。また、 Rv.min=1.27(%)は、理論計算で求まる最小反射率である(nm=1.7、n=1.46)。
rNの単位は、%である。ここで、波長差を±22.5nmとしたが、他の値を使用してもよい。また曲率係数は、曲率を表すものであればどのように定義してもよい。
-1.0<r1<0%
0.86<r2<1.7%
-7.6<r3<-3.7%
グループAは極値が存在しない領域である。具体的には、膜厚d=1~78nm、膜厚d=112~156nm、膜厚d=223~234nmの3領域である。
グループBは極値が1個で、曲率係数が-6<r<0.25の範囲の領域である。具体的には、膜厚d=78nm~112nm、膜厚d=156nm~223nm、膜厚d=234~311nmの3領域である。
グループCは極値が1個で、曲率係数が2<rの範囲の領域及びr<-7の範囲である。具体的に前者は、膜厚d=334nm~388nmの領域であり、後者は膜厚d=446nm~466nmの領域である。
グループDは極値が2個の領域である。具体的には、膜厚d=311nm~334nm、膜厚d=388nm~446nm、膜厚d=466nm~500nmの3領域である。
ここで、Rv.t(λ:max)は、図26の最大値(6.72%)である。
Rv0= Rv(550nm)-Rv.t(λ:max)=12.90-6.72=6.19(%)
Rv*(λ)={Rv(λ)-Rv0}×K(λ) ・・・(3)
Claims (7)
- 光源と、分光センサと、プロセッサと、記憶装置と、を備えた膜厚測定装置であって、
前記光源からの光が、膜を備えた測定対象面に垂直に入射し、測定対象面で反射された光が前記分光センサに入射するように構成され、
前記記憶装置は、膜厚ごとの反射率分布の理論値及び膜厚ごとの色の特性変数の理論値を記憶しており、
前記プロセッサが、前記記憶装置に記憶された、膜厚ごとの反射率分布の理論値又は膜厚ごとの色の特性変数の理論値を使用して、前記分光センサによって測定された反射率分布から測定対象面の膜の膜厚を求めるように構成された、膜厚測定装置。 - さらに、ビーム・スプリッタを備え、測定時に、前記光源からの光が、前記ビーム・スプリッタを経て測定対象面に垂直に入射し、測定対象面で反射された後、測定対象面に垂直な方向に進行し前記ビーム・スプリッタを経て前記分光センサに至るように構成された、請求項1に記載の膜厚測定装置。
- さらに、開口部を備えた反射率ゼロ点補正用空洞と、反射率校正板と、を備え、
反射率ゼロ点補正時に、前記光源からの光が、前記ビーム・スプリッタを経て前記反射率ゼロ点補正用空洞の前記開口部に入射し、反射された後、測定対象面に垂直な方向に進行し前記ビーム・スプリッタを経て前記分光センサに至るように構成され、
反射率校正時に、前記光源からの光が、前記ビーム・スプリッタを経て前記反射率校正板に垂直に入射し、前記反射率校正板で反射された後、前記反射率校正板に垂直な方向に進行し前記ビーム・スプリッタを経て前記分光センサに至るように構成されており、
測定時の前記分光センサの出力をV(M)とし、反射率ゼロ点補正時の前記分光センサの出力をV(D)とし、反射率校正時の前記分光センサの出力をV(C)とし、反射率校正板の反射率をRv(Ref)として、前記記憶装置は、該反射率校正板の反射率Rv(Ref)を保持しており、前記プロセッサが、式
Rv(T)=Rv(Ref)・(V(M)-V(D))/(V(C)-V(D))
によって測定対象面の反射率Rv(T)を求める、請求項2に記載の膜厚測定装置。 - 分光センサ、膜厚ごとの反射率分布の理論値及び膜厚ごとの色の特性変数の理論値を格納した記憶装置及びプロセッサを備えた膜厚測定装置によって測定対象面の膜の厚さを測定する膜厚測定方法であって、
前記分光センサによって、膜を備えた測定対象面の反射率分布を測定するステップと、
前記プロセッサによって、前記記憶装置に記憶された、膜厚ごとの反射率分布の理論値又は膜厚ごとの色の特性変数の理論値を使用して、前記分光センサによって測定された反射率分布から測定対象面の膜の膜厚を求めるステップと、を含む膜厚測定方法。 - 前記膜厚を求めるステップにおいて、測定された反射率分布の極値の有無及び極値を含む曲線の曲率から、膜厚ごとの反射率分布の理論値又は膜厚ごとの色の特性変数の理論値のどちらを使用して膜厚を求めるかを定める請求項4に記載の膜厚測定方法。
- 前記膜厚を求めるステップにおいて、測定された反射率分布の極値が無いか又は極値を含む曲線の曲率が極値の位置を特定するには小さい場合に、膜厚ごとの色の特性変数の理論値を使用し、それ以外の場合に反射率分布の理論値を使用して膜厚を求める請求項5に記載の膜厚測定方法。
- 測定された反射率分布を、膜を除いた基材を測定した反射率分布が理論値に一致するように求められた補正係数によって補正した後に使用する、請求項4から6のいずれかに記載の膜厚測定方法。
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JP2011038846A (ja) * | 2009-08-07 | 2011-02-24 | Horiba Ltd | 干渉膜厚計 |
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JPWO2013001955A1 (ja) * | 2011-06-27 | 2015-02-23 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | 光学膜厚測定方法、光学膜厚測定システム及び光学膜厚測定プログラム他 |
WO2013121518A1 (ja) * | 2012-02-14 | 2013-08-22 | 株式会社ニレコ | 測定装置及び測定方法 |
WO2014061408A1 (ja) * | 2012-10-16 | 2014-04-24 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | 光学膜厚測定方法、光学膜厚測定システム及び光学膜厚測定プログラム他 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US8339617B2 (en) | 2012-12-25 |
JP4482618B2 (ja) | 2010-06-16 |
EP2309222A1 (en) | 2011-04-13 |
KR20110038602A (ko) | 2011-04-14 |
CN101981406A (zh) | 2011-02-23 |
JPWO2010013429A1 (ja) | 2012-01-05 |
US20110032541A1 (en) | 2011-02-10 |
WO2010013325A1 (ja) | 2010-02-04 |
EP2309222A4 (en) | 2015-07-29 |
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