WO2009119889A1 - 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子 - Google Patents
有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009119889A1 WO2009119889A1 PCT/JP2009/056781 JP2009056781W WO2009119889A1 WO 2009119889 A1 WO2009119889 A1 WO 2009119889A1 JP 2009056781 W JP2009056781 W JP 2009056781W WO 2009119889 A1 WO2009119889 A1 WO 2009119889A1
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- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007743 anodising Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- OYLGJCQECKOTOL-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ba+2] OYLGJCQECKOTOL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001632 barium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- KOPBYBDAPCDYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Cs+].[Cs+] KOPBYBDAPCDYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001942 caesium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- CUIWZLHUNCCYBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N decacyclene Chemical compound C12=C([C]34)C=CC=C4C=CC=C3C2=C2C(=C34)C=C[CH]C4=CC=CC3=C2C2=C1C1=CC=CC3=CC=CC2=C31 CUIWZLHUNCCYBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium atom Chemical compound [Eu] OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000008376 fluorenones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007646 gravure printing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- LHJOPRPDWDXEIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium lithium Chemical compound [Li].[In] LHJOPRPDWDXEIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YZASAXHKAQYPEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium silver Chemical compound [Ag].[In] YZASAXHKAQYPEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RHZWSUVWRRXEJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium tin Chemical compound [In].[Sn] RHZWSUVWRRXEJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002503 iridium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GCICAPWZNUIIDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium magnesium Chemical compound [Li].[Mg] GCICAPWZNUIIDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Mg+2] ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001635 magnesium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJCKRGFTWFGHGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium silver Chemical compound [Mg].[Ag] SJCKRGFTWFGHGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XBFJAVXCNXDMBH-GEDKWGBFSA-N molport-035-785-283 Chemical compound C1[C@@H](C23)C=C[C@H]1C3[C@@H]1C[C@H]2CC1 XBFJAVXCNXDMBH-GEDKWGBFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DCZNSJVFOQPSRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diphenyl-4-[4-(n-phenylanilino)phenyl]aniline Chemical class C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 DCZNSJVFOQPSRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002791 naphthoquinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxadiazole Chemical compound C1=CON=N1 WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGBWPZSGHAXYGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N perinone Chemical class C12=NC3=CC=CC=C3N2C(=O)C2=CC=C3C4=C2C1=CC=C4C(=O)N1C2=CC=CC=C2N=C13 DGBWPZSGHAXYGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KHUXNRRPPZOJPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenoxy radical Chemical group O=C1C=C[CH]C=C1 KHUXNRRPPZOJPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005424 photoluminescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003504 photosensitizing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003057 platinum Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002285 poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000172 poly(styrenesulfonic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001197 polyacetylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
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- YYMBJDOZVAITBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubrene Chemical class C1=CC=CC=C1C(C1=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C11)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 YYMBJDOZVAITBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N stilbene Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FVRNDBHWWSPNOM-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Sr+2] FVRNDBHWWSPNOM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001637 strontium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011145 styrene acrylonitrile resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005504 styryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L terephthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000003518 tetracenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001651 triphenylamine derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001039 wet etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/80—Constructional details
- H10K59/875—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices
- H10K59/879—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices comprising refractive means, e.g. lenses
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/85—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices
- H10K50/858—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices comprising refractive means, e.g. lenses
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an organic electroluminescence element, a lighting device, a display device, and a manufacturing method thereof.
- An organic electroluminescence (abbreviated as EL) element includes a light emitting layer containing an organic substance and a pair of electrodes sandwiching the light emitting layer.
- EL organic electroluminescence
- When a voltage is applied to the organic EL element electrons are injected from the cathode and holes are injected from the anode, and light is emitted by combining these electrons and holes in the light emitting layer.
- Light emitted from the light emitting layer is extracted from at least one of the pair of electrodes. Therefore, a transparent electrode is used as the electrode from which light is extracted.
- the transparent electrode is made of a metal oxide such as indium tin oxide (ITO).
- the refractive index of the metal oxide used for the transparent electrode is higher than the refractive index of the substrate on which the organic EL element is provided, so that total reflection occurs at the interface between the transparent electrode and the substrate.
- Most of the light emitted from the light emitting layer is not extracted out of the organic EL device due to such reflection, and the light extraction efficiency is not necessarily high. Therefore, an organic EL device having a structure for suppressing such reflection has been proposed.
- an organic EL element using a glass substrate provided with a light condensing layer exhibiting light condensing properties see, for example, JP-A-2003-86353.
- This light collecting layer is composed of a light collecting structure such as a microlens and a transparent resin covering the light collecting structure.
- the transparent resin a resin having a refractive index higher than that of the light condensing structure is used.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an organic EL element, an illuminating device, a display device, and a manufacturing method thereof with high light extraction efficiency.
- the present invention is an organic electroluminescence device comprising a functional layer, a transparent first electrode, a light emitting layer, and a second electrode, which are stacked in this order,
- the organic electroluminescence element is such that the refractive index n 1 of the first electrode and the refractive index n 2 of the functional layer satisfy the following formula (1).
- the present invention further includes a low-refractive index layer provided in contact with the surface of the functional layer opposite to the first electrode.
- the present invention also relates to an organic electroluminescence device having a center line average roughness Ra force of 10 nm or less on the surface of the functional layer on the first electrode side. Further, according to the present invention, the interval between the concave and convex portions is 0.5 ⁇ ! ⁇ 100 m It is an organic electroluminescence element. Moreover, this invention is an organic electroluminescent element whose surface shape of each said uneven
- the present invention is the organic electroluminescence device, wherein the surface shape of each of the irregularities is composed of a plurality of planes. Further, the present invention is an organic electroluminescence element in which the shapes of the uneven portions are irregular to each other. Moreover, this invention is an illuminating device provided with the said organic electroluminescent element. Moreover, this invention is a display apparatus provided with two or more said organic electroluminescent elements.
- the present invention also includes a low refractive index layer, a functional layer, a transparent first electrode, a light emitting layer, and a second electrode laminated in this order, and the refractive index n 1 of the first electrode,
- the method for producing an organic electroluminescent device wherein the refractive index n 2 of the functional layer and the refractive index n 3 of the low refractive index layer satisfy the following formula (3):
- nl ⁇ n 2> n 3 Forming a low refractive index layer by forming a plurality of irregularities having a height of 0.5 ⁇ to 100 im on the surface;
- Forming a functional layer by applying a coating liquid containing a material to be a functional layer on the surface of the low refractive index layer on which the plurality of concave and convex portions are formed;
- a method of manufacturing an organic electroluminescence device including a step of forming a second electrode.
- the present invention is a method for manufacturing an organic electroluminescence device, wherein in the step of forming the low refractive index layer, a plurality of concave and convex portions are formed by an imprint method.
- an organic elect mouth for selectively removing a surface portion of the low refractive plate by a photolithography method to form a plurality of uneven portions. It is a manufacturing method of a luminescence element.
- the present invention provides a method for manufacturing an organic electroluminescent element, wherein in the step of forming the low refractive index layer, the surface portion of the low refractive plate is selectively removed by dry etching to form a concavo-convex portion. is there.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing an organic EL device 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing an organic EL device 11 according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing an organic EL element 21 according to still another embodiment of the present invention. Explanation of symbols 1, 1 1, 21 Organic EL device
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing an organic electroluminescence device (hereinafter sometimes referred to as an organic EL device) 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is.
- the organic EL element 1 is configured by laminating at least a low refractive index layer 2, a functional layer 3, a transparent first electrode 4, a light emitting layer 5, and a second electrode 6 in this order.
- the height of the surface of the functional layer 3 opposite to the first electrode is 0.5!
- a plurality of irregularities of ⁇ 100 ⁇ are formed.
- the refractive index ⁇ 1 of the first electrode and the refractive index ⁇ 2 of the functional layer satisfy the following formula (1).
- the refractive index ni of the first electrode, the refractive index n 2 of the functional layer, and the refractive index n 3 of the low refractive index layer are: The following equation (2) is satisfied. nl ⁇ n 2> n 3 (2) Between the first electrode 4 and the second electrode 6, not only a single light emitting layer 5, but also a plurality of light emitting layers and / or light emitting layers Different layers or layers may be provided. In the organic EL element 1 of the present embodiment, the hole injection layer 7 is provided between the first electrode 4 and the light emitting layer 5. The The low refractive index layer 2 is provided in contact with the surface of the functional layer 3 on the side opposite to the first electrode 4.
- a laminate of the low refractive index layer 2 and the functional layer 3 functions as the substrate 8.
- the organic EL element 1 of the present embodiment is configured by laminating a substrate 8, a first electrode 4, a hole injection layer 7, a light emitting layer 5, and a second electrode 6 in this order.
- the substrate 8 and the first electrode 4 are in contact with each other.
- a thin insulating layer or a barrier layer may be provided between the substrate 8 and the first electrode 4.
- the first electrode 4 of the present embodiment exhibits translucency and functions as an anode, and the second electrode 6 reflects visible light and functions as a cathode.
- the substrate 8 shows translucency.
- the organic EL element 1 of the present embodiment is a bottom emission type element in which light is extracted from the substrate 8.
- a bottom emission type organic EL element in which the first electrode is a cathode and the second electrode is an anode may be configured, and the second electrode side is formed by using a translucent electrode for the second electrode.
- a double-sided organic EL element that extracts light may be configured. Since the difference in refractive index between the functional layer 3 and the first electrode 4 is small as shown in Equation (1), the reflectance at the interface between the functional layer 3 and the first electrode 4 is lowered and total reflection is reduced. Can be suppressed. As a result, light can be efficiently propagated from the first electrode 4 to the functional layer 3.
- the surface of the functional layer 3 has a height of 0.5 ⁇ !
- each uneven part is preferably 0.7 ⁇ to 50 ⁇ m m, more preferably 1 ⁇ ! ⁇ 30 ⁇ . The height is the height of each uneven portion in the direction perpendicular to the surface of the functional layer 3 on the first electrode 4 side.
- the height of the unevenness here means the average height, which can be measured with a stylus-type unevenness measuring device or the like.
- the refractive index of the low refractive index layer 2 is lower than that of the first electrode 4 and the functional layer 3, and is closer to the refractive index of air than the functional layer 3, so at the interface with air.
- the total reflection that occurs can be suppressed, and the light incident on the low refractive index layer 2 can be efficiently extracted outside.
- the light enters the low refractive index layer 2 more effectively. Light can be efficiently extracted outside.
- the light emission efficiency is improved by sequentially propagating the light emitted from the light emitting layer 5 to the first electrode 4, the functional layer 3, the low refractive index layer 2, and the air sequentially. be able to.
- the conventional technology since the light converging structure is provided on the glass substrate, a part of the light is reflected at the interface between the light condensing layer and the glass substrate.
- a structure corresponding to the light converging structure of this technology is built in the low refractive index layer 2, and the low refractive index layer 2 in which the light converging structure and the glass substrate in the conventional technology are integrally formed is used. The reflection at the interface between the condensing layer and the glass substrate, which has occurred in the prior art, is eliminated, and the light extraction efficiency is improved.
- the unevenness on the surface of the functional layer 3 on the first electrode 4 side affects the flatness of the first electrode 4 laminated on the surface of the functional layer 3. If the flatness of the first electrode 4 is low, a short circuit may occur due to the protrusion of the first electrode 4. Accordingly, it is preferable that the center line average roughness Ra of the first electrode 4 is small. In order to form such a first electrode 4, the center of the surface of the functional layer 3 on the first electrode 4 side is described. Smaller line average roughness Ra is preferred V ,.
- the center line average roughness Ra of the surface of the functional layer 3 on the first electrode 4 side is preferably 100 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 5 O nm or less, and even more preferably 10 nm or less.
- the interval between the uneven portions is 0.4 11! ⁇ 20 ⁇ ⁇ , preferably 0.5 / ⁇ m ⁇ ; 10 m, more preferably 0.8 zm to 50 zm.
- the functional layer 3 When a plurality of concave surfaces recessed toward the first electrode 4 are formed on the surface of the functional layer 3 on the low refractive index layer 2 side, the functional layer 3 functions as a plurality of concave lenses with respect to the light emitting layer 5.
- the functional layer 3 is Functions as a plurality of convex lenses. In this way, each concavo-convex portion functions as a lens, so that the effect of scattering, refraction, and condensing is increased, and the light extraction efficiency can be improved.
- the concave surface or convex surface is preferably a hemispherical surface.
- the surface of each concavo-convex part may be configured by a plurality of planes.
- the surface of each concavo-convex part is composed of a plurality of planes excluding the bottom surface of the polygonal pyramid.
- the shapes of the uneven portions may be regular or irregular with respect to each other, and are preferably irregular with respect to each other.
- each concavo-convex part has a regularity with each other, wavelength dependence appears in the characteristics of the extracted light.
- the extracted light Reduces wavelength dependency on characteristics can do.
- each organic EL element when a plurality of organic EL elements are formed on a substrate and each organic EL element emits light with a predetermined spectrum, it passes mainly according to the spectrum of light that mainly passes through each uneven portion.
- Each uneven portion may be formed in a predetermined shape so as to reduce light reflection.
- the manufacturing method of the organic EL element 1 of the present embodiment is configured by laminating at least a low refractive index layer, a functional layer, a transparent first electrode, a light emitting layer, and a second electrode in this order,
- the refractive index n 1 of the first electrode, the refractive index n 2 of the functional layer, and the refractive index n 3 of the low refractive index layer satisfy the following formula (3): FO. 3 ⁇ nl -n 2 ⁇ 0,
- the method for manufacturing the organic EL device of the present embodiment further includes a step of forming a hole injection layer between the first electrode and the light emitting layer.
- a material having a high light transmittance in the visible light region and not changing in the process of forming the organic EL element is preferably used, and may be a rigid plate or a flexible plate.
- a glass plate, a plastic plate, etc. A polymer film and a silicon plate, and a laminated plate obtained by laminating these are preferably used.
- Plastic plates and The resin constituting the polymer film is preferably a resin that does not dissolve in the coating solution used when, for example, the light emitting layer 5 and the hole injection layer 7 are formed by the coating method described later.
- low-density or high-density polyethylene ethylene-propylene copolymer, ethylene-butene copolymer, ethylene-hexene copolymer, ethylene-octene copolymer, ethylene-norbornene copolymer, ethylene-monmon Copolymers
- Domon (DMO N) is an abbreviation for dimethanooctahydronaphthalene.
- Polypropylene resins such as polypropylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymer, and ionomer resin.
- Polyester terephthalate such as polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate; Nylon-6, Nylon-6,6, Metaxylene Diamine-adipic acid condensation polymer; Amide resin such as polymethylmethacrylamide ; Polymethyl Acryl resins such as tacrylate; polystyrene, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile resin such as polyacrylonitrile; hydrophobized cellulose such as cellulose triacetate and cellulose diacetate Resin: Halogen-containing resins such as polysalt-bulu, poly (vinylidene chloride), poly (vinylidene fluoride), polytetrafluoroethylene; hydrogen bonding properties such as poly (bull alcohol), ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, and cellulose derivatives Resin: Polycarbonate resin, Polys
- Examples include engineering plastic resins. Since the low refractive index layer is required to have heat resistance in the production process of the organic EL element, among the above-mentioned resins, a resin having a glass transition point Tg of 1550 ° C or more is preferable, and 180 ° C The above resins are more preferable, and resins having a temperature of 200 ° C. or higher are more preferable.
- the low-refractive index layer may contain a highly-pariatic material that is difficult to pass oxygen and water vapor contained in the atmosphere of the organic EL element.
- an inorganic layer made of an inorganic material such as metal, metal oxide, metal nitride, metal carbide and metal oxynitride, the inorganic layer A layered product of an organic layer and an inorganic / organic hybrid layer is preferably used.
- the inorganic layer is preferably a thin film layer that is stable in the air.
- the low refractive index layer is appropriately selected from those exemplified according to the refractive indexes of the functional layer 3 and the first electrode 4 as long as the formula (2) is satisfied.
- the refractive index of the low refractive index layer when the low refractive index layer is composed of a plurality of components is the value of the refractive index of the entire low refractive index layer.
- the refractive index n 3 of the low refractive index layer is determined by the members constituting the low refractive index layer, for example, about 1.5 for glass, 1.5 8 for polycarbonate, and for polyethylene terephthalate. 1.49, in the case of polyethersulfone, 1.65, in the case of polyethylene naphthalate.
- an imprint method embssing method
- a photolithographic method a dry etching method
- a method of scraping the surface with uneven portions a concavo-convex structure using self-organization
- a concavo-convex structure using self-organization a concavo-convex structure using self-organization
- an imprint method embssing method
- a photolithography method a dry etching method
- a dry etching method the shape of the surface of the mold can be transferred to the low refractive index layer by pressing a mold having a plurality of irregularities on the surface against the film.
- a photo-curing resin is applied, and then the applied film is applied.
- the surface portion of the applied film can be selectively removed, and a low refractive index layer having a plurality of irregularities formed on the surface can be obtained.
- a photoresist is applied to a glass substrate, the applied film is selectively removed, a mask having a plurality of holes is formed on the surface of the glass substrate, and further, dry etching or wet etching is performed on the glass substrate.
- dry etching or wet etching is performed on the glass substrate.
- a low refractive index layer can be obtained by scraping the surface of a glass substrate or a resin film by dry etching.
- a layer having a high light transmittance in the visible light region and not changing in the process of forming the organic EL element is preferably used, and may be rigid or flexible.
- the functional layer is composed of, for example, an inorganic polymer and an inorganic mono-organic hybrid material.
- the inorganic-organic hybrid material includes a compound in which inorganic and organic are hybridized at a molecular level, and a mixture in which an inorganic substance is dispersed in an organic substance.
- the refractive index of the functional layer is preferably 1.75 or more because the smaller the difference in refractive index from the transparent electrode, the more the total reflection can be suppressed.
- the functional layer is preferably formed by applying a coating solution containing a material to be the functional layer, because of the simplicity of the manufacturing process.
- the height on the surface is 0.5!
- the coating liquid is applied to the low refractive index layer having a plurality of concavo-convex portions of ⁇ 100 / m, the unevenness of the low refractive index layer is filled with the coating liquid, and further cured, the height is 0.
- a functional layer in which a plurality of concave and convex portions of 5 111 to 100 zm is formed can be easily obtained.
- the coating liquid may be a solution or a dispersion, and is a liquid composition to which an organic solvent, a surfactant, an adhesion enhancer, a cross-linking agent, a sensitizer, and a photosensitizer are added as necessary.
- a coating film obtained by applying a coating solution containing a material to be a functional layer to the low refractive index layer can be cured by performing treatments such as light irradiation, heating, drying, and caloric pressure.
- the functional layer may include a member having a high barrier property that hardly allows oxygen and water vapor contained in the atmosphere of the organic EL element to pass through.
- the barrier member include an inorganic layer made of an inorganic material such as metal, metal oxide, metal nitride, metal carbide, and metal oxynitride, a laminate of the inorganic layer and the organic layer, or an inorganic single layer.
- An organic novel layer is preferable.
- As the inorganic layer a thin film layer that is stable in the air is preferable.
- Examples thereof include silica, alumina, titania, indium oxide, tin oxide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, indium tin oxide, and aluminum nitride. And thin film layers of nitrided nitride, carbide, oxynitride, and combinations thereof. More preferably, it is a thin film layer made of aluminum nitride, silicon nitride, or silicon oxynitride, and more preferably a thin film layer of silicon oxynitride.
- the functional layer is appropriately selected from those exemplified according to the refractive indexes of the low refractive index layer 2 and the first electrode 4 as long as the expressions (1) and (2) are satisfied.
- the refractive index of the functional layer satisfies the relationship of the formula (1) and the formula (2), and is preferably 1.75 or more. If the functional layer is composed of multiple parts, the refractive index of the functional layer can be determined by the refractive index of the entire functional layer.
- the refractive index n 2 of the functional layer is determined by the members constituting the functional layer. For example, in the case of a silicon-based inorganic polymer, it is 1.75 to 2.0, and T i 0 2 is dispersed in the polymer. In the case of a mixture, it is 1.8 to 2.0. ⁇ First electrode>
- the first electrode 4 of the present embodiment is realized by a thin film exhibiting translucency and conductivity, and is composed of, for example, a metal oxide film and a metal thin film.
- Indium, zinc oxide, tin oxide, indium tin oxide (Indium Tin Oide: Abbreviation ITO), Indium Zinc Oxide (abbreviation IZO), Gold, Platinum, Silver, Copper, etc., can be listed as ITO, ⁇ ⁇ , Thin films such as acid tin are preferred.
- an organic transparent conductive film such as polyaniline or a derivative thereof, polythiophene or a derivative thereof may be used.
- the thickness of the first electrode 4 can be appropriately set in consideration of light transmittance and conductivity, and is generally about 1 Onm to l 0 m, preferably 20 nm to 1 ⁇ m. m, more preferably 50 nm to 500 nm.
- Examples of the method for forming the first electrode include a vacuum deposition method, a sputtering method, an ion plating method, and a plating method.
- the refractive index n 1 of the first electrode is determined by the members constituting the first electrode. For example, it is 2.0 in the case of ITO, and 1.9 to 2.0 in the case of IZO. Or in the case of an organic transparent conductive film such as a derivative thereof, it is about 1.7.
- the hole injecting material constituting the hole injecting layer may be a ferroamine compound, a star-stupted amine compound, a phthalocyanine compound, vanadium oxide, an oxide such as molybdenum oxide, ruthenium oxide or aluminum oxide, an amorphous car Bonn, polyaniline, polythiophene derivatives and the like.
- the hole injection layer can be formed, for example, by applying a coating solution containing a material to be the hole injection layer on the first electrode 4. Spin coating method, casting method, micro gravure coating method, gravure coating method, bar coating method, roll coating method, wire per coating method, dip coating method, spray coating method, screen printing method. , Flexographic printing method, offset printing method, ink jet printing method and the like. ⁇ Light emitting layer>
- the light emitting layer includes an organic substance that emits fluorescence and Z or phosphorescence, or an organic substance and a dopant.
- the dopant is added for the purpose of, for example, improving the light emission efficiency or changing the light emission wavelength.
- the organic substance used for the light emitting layer may be either a low molecular compound or a high molecular compound. Examples of the light emitting material constituting the light emitting layer include the following.
- dye-based luminescent materials include cyclobenamine derivatives, tetraphenylbutadiene derivatives, triphenylamine derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, pyrazoguchiquinoline derivatives, distyrylbenzene derivatives, distyryl arylene derivatives, pyrrole derivatives.
- the metal complex-based luminescent material has a central metal, such as Ir, Pt, A1, Zn, Be, or a rare earth metal such as Tb, Eu, Dy, etc.
- metal complexes having a quinoline structure, etc. for example, having light emission from triplet excited states such as iridium complexes and platinum complexes
- metal complexes aluminum quinolinol complexes, benzoquinolinol beryllium complexes, benzoxazolyl zinc complexes, benzothiazole zinc complexes, azomethyl zinc complexes, porphyrin zinc complexes, and europium complexes.
- polymer-based light-emitting materials include polyparaphenylene vinylene derivatives, polythiophene derivatives, polyparaphenylene derivatives, polysilane derivatives, polyacetylene derivatives, polyfluorene derivatives, and polyvinylcarbazole derivatives.
- examples include polymerized light-emitting materials based on metal complexes.
- examples of materials that emit blue light include distyrylarylene derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, and their polymers, polybulacarbazole derivatives, polyparaphenylene derivatives, polyfluorene derivatives, and the like. it can.
- polyvinylcarbazole derivatives, polyparaphenylene derivatives, polyfluorene derivatives, and the like, which are polymer materials, are preferable.
- materials that emit green light include quinatalidone derivatives, coumarin derivatives, polymers thereof, polyparaphenylenevinylene derivatives, and polyfluorene derivatives.
- polymer materials such as polyparaphenylenevinylene derivatives and polyfluorene derivatives are preferred.
- the material that emits red light include a coumarin derivative, a thiophene ring compound, and a polymer thereof, a polyparaphenylene butylene derivative, a polythiophene derivative, and a polyfluorene derivative.
- polymer materials such as polyparaphenylene vinylene derivatives, polythiophene derivatives, and polyfluorene derivatives are preferred.
- the material that emits white light the above-described materials that emit blue, green, and red light may be mixed and used.
- a material having each component of a plurality of types of materials that emit light of blue, green, and red in one molecule can be used as a material that emits white light.
- each color component is polymerized as a monomer.
- the polymer may be used as a material that emits white light.
- An element that emits white light may be realized by stacking a plurality of layers that emit light having different emission colors.
- dopant materials include perylene derivatives, coumarin derivatives, rubrene derivatives, quinacridone derivatives, squalium derivatives, porphyrin derivatives, styryl dyes, tetracene derivatives, pyrazolone derivatives, decacyclene, phenoxyl. Sazon can be mentioned.
- the thickness of such a light emitting layer is usually about 2 nm to 200 nm.
- Examples of the method for forming a light emitting layer containing an organic material include a method of applying a coating solution containing a light emitting material to the hole injection layer 7, a vacuum deposition method, a transfer method, and the like.
- the solvent of the coating solution containing the luminescent material may be any liquid that dissolves the luminescent material.
- chlorinated solvents such as cucumber form, salt methylene and dichloroethane
- ether solvents such as trahydrofuran
- toluene Aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as xylene
- ketone solvents such as acetone and methinoretinoleketone
- ester solvents such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, and ethyl / resersolvate acetate.
- Coating methods such as coating method such as coating method, capillary-pillar coating method, spray coating method, nozzle coating method, gravure printing method, screen printing method, flexographic printing method, offset printing method, reverse printing method, inkjet printing method, etc. be able to.
- coating methods such as the Daravia printing method, screen printing method, flexographic printing method, offset printing method, reverse printing method, and inkjet printing method are preferred.
- a vacuum deposition method can be used.
- the light emitting layer can be formed only where desired by a method such as laser transfer or thermal transfer.
- the second electrode 6 functions as a cathode in this embodiment, and the material of the second electrode is preferably a material having a low work function and easy electron injection into the light emitting layer, and electric conductivity. High material is preferred. Specifically, metals such as alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals and Group III_B metals can be used.
- alloys include magnesium-silver alloy, magnesium-indium alloy, magnesium-aluminum alloy, indium-silver alloy, lithium-aluminum alloy, lithium-magnesium alloy, lithium-indium alloy, calcium-aluminum alloy, etc. .
- a transparent second electrode has a thin film made of the above material and a conductive metal oxide or conductive organic substance. It is made up of a laminated body that is made by laminating thin films consisting of such materials.
- the combination of the low refractive index layer 2, the functional layer 3, and the first electrode 4 in the present embodiment described above is preferably a glass substrate, an inorganic polymer, and ITO, and more preferably a resin, an inorganic polymer, and ITO.
- the hole injection layer 7 and the light emitting layer 5 are arranged between the first electrode 4 and the second electrode 6, but the configuration of the organic EL element 1 is shown in FIG. It is not limited to the configuration shown in 1. An example of the element configuration between the first electrode and the second electrode of the organic EL element will be described below.
- the first electrode may be either an anode or a cathode as long as it is transparent, an example of the element configuration will be described in the following description without specifying the polarity of the first electrode and the second electrode.
- the low refractive index layer 2 is formed of a film such as a resin
- a low refractive index layer may be provided on a substrate such as glass.
- at least one light emitting layer is provided between the anode and the cathode. It is sufficient that a plurality of light emitting layers and one or more layers different from Z or the light emitting layer may be provided between the anode and the cathode.
- Examples of the layer provided between the cathode and the light emitting layer include an electron injection layer, an electron transport layer, and a hole blocking layer.
- the layer located on the side close to the cathode is called the electron injection layer
- the layer located on the side close to the light emitting layer Is called an electron transport layer.
- the electron injection layer is a layer having a function of improving electron injection efficiency from the cathode.
- the electron transport layer is a layer having a function of improving electron injection from the cathode, the electron injection layer, or the electron transport layer closer to the cathode.
- the hole blocking layer is a layer having a function of blocking hole transport.
- the electron injection layer or the electron transport layer may also serve as the hole block layer.
- the layer provided between the anode and the light emitting layer include a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, and an electron block layer.
- the hole injection layer the layer located on the side closer to the anode
- the layer closer to the light emitting layer is closer to the side.
- the layer located at is referred to as a hole transport layer.
- the hole injection layer is a layer having a function of improving hole injection efficiency from the anode.
- the hole transport layer is an anode or a hole injection layer, or a layer having a function of improving the hole injection from the hole transport layer near the anode.
- the electron blocking layer is a layer having a function of blocking electron transport.
- the hole injection layer or the hole transport layer may also serve as the electron blocking layer.
- the electron injection layer and the main hole injection layer may be collectively referred to as a charge injection layer, and the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer may be collectively referred to as a charge transport layer.
- a specific example of the layer structure that an organic EL element can take is shown below.
- the organic EL device of the present embodiment may have two or more light emitting layers.
- an organic EL device having two light emitting layers As a specific example of an organic EL device having two light emitting layers,
- an organic EL element In the bottom emission type organic EL element that extracts light from the substrate 8, all the layers disposed on the substrate 8 side are formed of a transparent layer based on the light emitting layer. As will be described later, in a so-called top emission type organic EL device that extracts light from the side opposite to the substrate with respect to the light emitting layer, all layers disposed on the side opposite to the substrate are transparent with respect to the light emitting layer. Consists of layers.
- an organic EL element may be provided with an insulating layer with a thickness of 2 nm or less adjacent to the electrode to improve the adhesion at the interface. In order to prevent mixing, a thin buffer layer may be inserted at the interface between the adjacent layers.
- Examples of the hole transport material constituting the hole transport layer include polybulur rubazole or a derivative thereof, polysilane or a derivative thereof, a polysiloxane derivative having an aromatic amine in a side chain or a main chain, a pyrazoline derivative, an allylamamine derivative. , Stilbene derivatives, triphenyldiamine derivatives, polyaniline or derivatives thereof, polythiophene or derivatives thereof, polyarylamines or derivatives thereof, polypyrrole or derivatives thereof, poly (p-phenylenevinylene) Or a derivative thereof, or poly (2,5-chenylene vinylene) or a derivative thereof.
- examples of the hole transport material include polyvinylcarbazo monoole or a derivative thereof, polysilane or a derivative thereof, a polysiloxane derivative having an aromatic amine compound group in a side chain or a main chain, Polyaniline or derivatives thereof, polythiophene or derivatives thereof, polyarylamine or derivatives thereof, poly (p-phenylenevinylene) or derivatives thereof, or poly (2,5-crielenvinylene) or derivatives thereof, etc.
- Molecular hole transport materials are preferred, and polybulur rubazole or derivatives thereof, polysilane or derivatives thereof, and polysiloxane derivatives having an aromatic amine in the side chain or main chain are more preferred.
- a low-molecular hole transport material it is preferable to use it dispersed in a polymer binder.
- a method for forming a hole transport layer in the case of a low molecular hole transport material, a method of forming a film from a mixed solution with a polymer binder can be cited. A method by film formation from a solution can be mentioned.
- a solvent used for film formation from a solution any solvent capable of dissolving a hole transport material may be used.
- Chlorine solvent such as chloroform, methylene chloride, dichloroethane, ether solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, toluene
- aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as xylene, ketone solvents such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone, and ester solvents such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate and ethyl cellsorb acetate.
- Film formation methods from solution include spin coating method, casting method, micro gravure coating method, gravure coating method, bar coating method, roll coating method, wire one bar coating method, dip coating method, spray coating method, screen printing method Application methods such as flexographic printing, offset printing, and inkjet printing Can.
- the polymer binder to be mixed those not extremely disturbing charge transport are preferable, and those having weak absorption against visible light are preferably used.
- the polymer binder include polycarbonate, polyacrylate, polymethylacrylate, polymethylmethacrylate, polystyrene, polychlorinated butyl, and polysiloxane.
- the film thickness of the hole transport layer varies depending on the material used, and is selected so that the drive voltage and the light emission efficiency are appropriate. At least, a thickness that does not generate pinholes is required. If it is too high, the driving voltage of the element becomes high, which is not preferable. Therefore, the thickness of the hole transport layer is, for example, 1 nm to 1, preferably 2 nm to 500 nm, and more preferably 5 nm to 200 nm.
- the electron injecting material constituting the electron injecting layer may be an Al metal, an alkaline earth metal, an alloy containing one or more of the above metals, an oxide of the metal, a halide, and the like.
- Examples include carbonates and mixtures of the above substances.
- Alkali metals or their oxides, halides, and carbonates include lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, lithium oxide, lithium fluoride, sodium oxide, sodium fluoride, potassium oxyacid, lithium fluoride, rubidium oxide , Rubidium fluoride, cesium oxide, cesium fluoride, lithium carbonate and the like.
- alkaline earth metals or their oxides, halides, and carbonates include magnesium, calcium, barium, strontium, magnesium oxide, magnesium fluoride, calcium oxide, calcium fluoride, palium oxide, barium fluoride, acid
- Examples include strontium, strontium fluoride, and magnesium carbonate.
- the electron injection layer may be a laminate in which two or more layers are laminated. Specific examples of the laminated body include Li F / Ca. Electric The child injection layer is formed by vapor deposition, sputtering, printing, or the like. The thickness of the electron injection layer is 1 ⁇ ⁇ ! About 1 m is preferable.
- Examples of the electron transport material constituting the electron transport layer include oxadiazole derivatives, anthraquinodimethane or derivatives thereof, benzoquinone or derivatives thereof, naphthoquinone or derivatives thereof, anthraquinones or derivatives thereof, tetracyananthraquinodimethane or derivatives thereof, fluorenone derivatives, Examples thereof include diphenyl dicyanethylene or a derivative thereof, diphenoquinone derivative, or a metal complex of 8-hydroxyquinoline or a derivative thereof, polyquinoline or a derivative thereof, polyquinoxaline or a derivative thereof, polyfluorene or a derivative thereof, and the like.
- oxadiazole derivative benzoquinone or a derivative thereof, anthraquinone or a derivative thereof, or a metal complex of 8-hydroxyquinoline or a derivative thereof, polyquinoline or a derivative thereof, polyquinoxaline or a derivative thereof, polyfluorene or a derivative thereof
- 2- (4-biphenylenole) -5- (4-tert-butenolevenole) 1,1,3,4, oxadiazole benzoquinone, anthraquinone, tris (8-quinolinol) aluminum, polyquinoline Is more preferable.
- the organic EL element 11 according to the present embodiment includes an organic layer configured by laminating at least a functional layer 13, a transparent first electrode 14, a light emitting layer 15, and a second electrode 16 in this order.
- the electroluminescence element has a height of 0.5! On the surface of the functional layer 13 opposite to the first electrode 14 !.
- a plurality of concavo-convex portions of ⁇ 100 ⁇ are formed, and the refractive index ⁇ 1 of the first electrode 14 and the refractive index ⁇ 2 of the functional layer satisfy the above-described formula (1).
- the organic EL element 11 according to the present embodiment includes the first electrode 14 and the second electrode as described above.
- the organic EL element 11 of the present embodiment includes a second electrode 16, a hole injection layer 14, a light emitting layer 15, a first electrode 14, and a functional layer 13 on the surface of the substrate 18. They are provided in this order.
- the organic EL element 11 of the present embodiment is a so-called top emission type element in which light emitted from the light emitting layer 15 is taken out through the first electrode 14 and the functional layer 13. It is.
- the substrate 18 of the present embodiment may be transparent or opaque and is, for example, a plate made of the same member as the low refractive index layer 2 described above.
- the first electrode 4 of the above-described embodiment may be used, and, like the transparent second electrode 6 described in the above-described embodiment, an alkali metal Alternatively, a laminate in which a thin film of a metal such as an alkaline earth metal, a transition metal, or a group III-B metal and a thin film made of a conductive metal oxide or a conductive organic material may be used.
- the second electrode 16 of this embodiment may be transparent or opaque, and the first electrode 4 or the second electrode 6 of the above-described embodiment may be used. Further, a reflection layer made of a member that reflects light, such as metal, may be provided on one surface of the second electrode 16.
- the functional layer 13 of the present embodiment is the same as the functional layer 3 of the above-described embodiment, a duplicate description is omitted.
- the functional layer 13 of the present embodiment may be bonded to the first electrode 12 after forming the concavo-convex portion using the same manufacturing method as the functional layer 3 of the foregoing embodiment.
- a plurality of concave and convex portions may be formed on the functional layer 3 by using the same method as the method of forming the low refractive index layer 2 in the above-described embodiment, and may be bonded to the first electrode 12. It may be formed directly on the electrode 14.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing an organic EL element 21 according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
- the organic EL element 21 of the present embodiment is a top emission type element in which a low refractive index layer 2 2 is further added to the organic EL element 11 of the above-described embodiment shown in FIG. Since only the low-refractive index layer 2 2 is different from the organic EL element 11 according to the embodiment, the overlapping description is omitted and only the low-refractive index layer 22 is described.
- the low refractive index layer 22 of the present embodiment functions as a sealing film that blocks water, oxygen, and the like from the organic EL element 21 1, for example, a metal, a metal oxide, a metal nitride, a metal carbide, or a metal acid
- An inorganic layer made of nitride or the like, a layer combining the inorganic layer and the organic layer, or an inorganic-organic hybrid layer is preferably used.
- the inorganic layer a thin film layer that is stable in the air is preferable.
- silica, alumina, titania, indium oxide, tin oxide, titanium oxide oxide, dumbbell oxide, indium tin oxide examples include thin film layers of aluminum nitride, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, silicon oxynitride, and combinations thereof. More preferably, it is a thin film layer made of aluminum nitride, silicon nitride, or silicon oxynitride, and more preferably a thin film layer of oxynitride silicon.
- the low refractive index layer 2 2 is formed by vacuum deposition, sputtering, or laminating a metal thin film by thermocompression bonding, etc.
- Second electrode 16, hole injection layer 17, light emitting layer 15, first electrode 14 And the functional layer 1 3 is formed.
- the refractive index n 3 of the low refractive index layer 22 of the present embodiment satisfies the above-described formula (2).
- the light emitted from the light emitting layer 15 is sequentially transferred to the first electrode 14, the functional layer 1 3, the low refractive index layer 2 2, and the air. Efficient propagation By doing so, the light extraction efficiency can be improved.
- the organic EL elements 1 and 11 of each of the above-described embodiments a lighting device including the organic EL elements or a display device including a plurality of organic EL elements can be realized.
- the organic EL element of each of the above-described embodiments can be used as a lighting device, a planar light source, a segment display device, a light source of a dot matrix display device, and a backlight of a liquid crystal display device. It can be used suitably.
- a planar anode and a cathode may be arranged so as to overlap each other when viewed from one side in the stacking direction.
- an organic EL element that emits light in a predetermined pattern As a light source of a segment display device, a method in which a mask in which a light transmitting window is formed in a predetermined pattern is placed on the surface of the planar light source, quenching is performed. There are a method of forming an organic material layer at a portion to be extremely thick to make it substantially non-light emitting, and a method of forming at least one of the anode and the cathode in a predetermined pattern.
- the anode and cathode should be formed in stripes and placed so as to be orthogonal to each other when viewed from one side in the stacking direction.
- a method of coating different types of luminescent materials with different emission colors, a color filter and a fluorescence conversion filter are used.
- a method may be used.
- the dot matrix display device may be driven passively or may be driven actively in combination with a TFT.
- These display devices are display devices such as computers, televisions, mobile terminals, mobile phones, car navigation systems, video camera viewfinders, etc. Can be used.
- planar light source is self-luminous and thin, and can be suitably used as a backlight of a liquid crystal display device or a planar illumination device. If a flexible substrate is used, it can also be used as a curved light source or display device.
- Example 1
- a transparent positive photoresist material (made by Tokyo Ohka Kogyo Co., Ltd., trade name “ ⁇ ”) having a refractive index almost the same as a glass substrate (refractive index 1.52) on a 5 cmX 5 cm glass substrate.
- FR970 with a refractive index of 1.59
- a spin coater to a thickness of 5 m and heated on a hot plate at 10 ° C for 10 seconds.
- 50 mj / cm 2 of I rays were irradiated.
- a regular uneven structure was formed (formation of a low refractive index layer).
- a coating solution for forming a high refractive index film with a refractive index of 1.8 (product name “RASA TI”) with a refractive index of 1.8 is spin-coated on the concavo-convex structure, and heated and cured on a hot plate at 200 ° C for 5 minutes.
- RASA TI refractive index of 1.8
- the center line roughness Ra on the outermost surface of the functional layer was 2.8 nm.
- ITO reffractive index 2.0
- Membrane pressure was 0.25 Pa, power was 0.25 kW) (transparent electrode formation). Thereafter, annealing was performed in an oven at 200 ° C for 40 minutes. The substrate was ultrasonically cleaned using 50 ° C strong alkaline detergent, cold water and 50 ° C hot water, pulled up from the 50 ° C hot water, and then dried in an oven. After that, UV ozone cleaning was performed for 20 minutes to obtain a transparent first electrode.
- Poly (3,4) ethylene dioxychi off using a 0.45 ⁇ filter A solution obtained by filtering a suspension of N-Z polystyrene sulfonic acid (trade name: AI 4083, manufactured by Starck Co., Ltd.) was applied to the washed substrate by spin coating to a thickness of 65 nfn to form a thin film. A hole injection layer was formed by heat treatment at 200 ° C. for 15 minutes on a hot plate in an air atmosphere. Next, WP 1330 (Samesion) as a white polymer organic EL light emitting layer material was dissolved in toluene to prepare a 0.8% by mass high molecular weight solution, and this polymer solution was applied to the substrate on which the hole injection layer was formed.
- N-Z polystyrene sulfonic acid trade name: AI 4083, manufactured by Starck Co., Ltd.
- Svin coating was performed to form a film with a thickness of 80 nm. Thereafter, heat treatment was performed at 130 ° C. for 30 minutes on a hot plate in a nitrogen atmosphere to form a light emitting layer.
- the substrate on which the light-emitting layer is formed is introduced into a vacuum deposition machine, and Ba and A1 are sequentially used as cathodes so as to be orthogonal to the ITO pattern, and a strip of 5 cm x 2 cm with a thickness of 10 nm and 100 nm, respectively.
- the second electrode was formed by vapor deposition. In the step of forming a second electrode, the degree of vacuum metal vapor deposition was initiated after reaching below 1 X 10- 4 P a. Finally, in an inert gas, cover the area where the first electrode and the second electrode intersect at the center with a glass plate, and then cover the four sides with a photo-curing tree. Was cured to produce an organic EL device.
- ITO thin film was formed in the same manner as in Example 1 on a 5 cm ⁇ 5 cm glass substrate (refractive index: 1.52).
- An organic EL device was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1 on a substrate on which an ITO thin film was formed.
- Example 2 The light emission characteristics of the organic EL devices obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were evaluated. Front luminance was measured when a voltage of 8 V was applied to the entire device. The luminance meter was BM-8. The luminance of the organic EL device of Comparative Example 1 was 4578 cd / m 2, whereas the luminance of the organic EL device of Example 1 was 5578 cd / m 2 . Thus, the organic electroluminescence device of the present invention includes a functional layer and a low refractive index layer. It was confirmed that the light extraction efficiency improved.
- Example 2 The luminance of the organic EL device of Comparative Example 1 was 4578 cd / m 2, whereas the luminance of the organic EL device of Example 1 was 5578 cd / m 2 .
- the organic electroluminescence device of the present invention includes a functional layer and a low refractive index layer. It was confirmed that the light extraction efficiency improved.
- ITO reactive index 2 ⁇ 0
- a transparent electrode with a refractive index of 2.0 was formed.
- annealing was performed in an oven at 200 ° C for 40 minutes to obtain a transparent substrate with the first electrode.
- a green polymer organic EL light-emitting layer material As a green polymer organic EL light-emitting layer material, Samsion GP 1300 is dissolved in toluene and the mass is 1.2. /. The polymer solution was prepared and applied by spin coating on the ITO thin film of the substrate obtained above. The film thickness of the obtained coating film was 100 nm. The UV light of 365 nm was irradiated from the green polymer organic EL light emitting layer side, and the green light emission PL intensity from the back side of the substrate was measured. The PL intensity was 3020 (arbitrary unit). PL is an abbreviation for photoluminescence, which excites a light-emitting material by light (photon) and detects light emission (luminescence) peculiar to the light-emitting material.
- the light extraction efficiency can be evaluated on the assumption that PL light is emitted by EL.
- ITO thin film was formed in the same manner as in Example 2 on a 5 cm ⁇ 5 cm glass substrate (refractive index: 1.52).
- a green polymer organic EL light emitting layer material was applied on the ITO of the substrate obtained above in the same manner as in Example 2.
- the green polymer organic EL light emitting layer side was irradiated with 365 nm UV light, and the green light emission PL intensity from the back side of the substrate was measured.
- the PL intensity was 2271 (arbitrary units).
- the PL intensity obtained in Example 2 was 1.33 times the PL intensity obtained in Comparative Example 2.
- the light extraction efficiency of the device is improved by providing a functional layer and a low refractive index layer.
- an organic electroluminescence element with high light extraction efficiency can be realized.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US12/934,570 US20110012139A1 (en) | 2008-03-28 | 2009-03-25 | Organic electroluminescent device |
CN2009801098729A CN101978780A (zh) | 2008-03-28 | 2009-03-25 | 有机电致发光元件 |
EP09726135A EP2278855A4 (en) | 2008-03-28 | 2009-03-25 | ORGANIC ELECTROLUMINESCENT DEVICE |
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JP2008-086245 | 2008-03-28 | ||
JP2008086245 | 2008-03-28 |
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WO2009119889A1 true WO2009119889A1 (ja) | 2009-10-01 |
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PCT/JP2009/056781 WO2009119889A1 (ja) | 2008-03-28 | 2009-03-25 | 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子 |
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US (1) | US20110012139A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2278855A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5402143B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20110008191A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101978780A (ja) |
TW (1) | TW200950174A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2009119889A1 (ja) |
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WO2011021556A1 (ja) * | 2009-08-20 | 2011-02-24 | 住友化学株式会社 | 電極付基板の製造方法 |
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WO2014054703A1 (ja) * | 2012-10-03 | 2014-04-10 | 日産化学工業株式会社 | 構造体、光取出し膜、電子デバイス及び構造体の形成方法 |
JPWO2014054703A1 (ja) * | 2012-10-03 | 2016-08-25 | 日産化学工業株式会社 | 構造体、光取出し膜、電子デバイス及び構造体の形成方法 |
CN109546005A (zh) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-03-29 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | 显示模组及其制备方法 |
US10964917B2 (en) | 2018-12-07 | 2021-03-30 | Chengdu Boe Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd. | Display module and method for preparing the same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2278855A1 (en) | 2011-01-26 |
EP2278855A4 (en) | 2011-05-18 |
US20110012139A1 (en) | 2011-01-20 |
KR20110008191A (ko) | 2011-01-26 |
TW200950174A (en) | 2009-12-01 |
JP5402143B2 (ja) | 2014-01-29 |
CN101978780A (zh) | 2011-02-16 |
JP2009259805A (ja) | 2009-11-05 |
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