WO2009119444A1 - 積層セラミックコンデンサ - Google Patents
積層セラミックコンデンサ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009119444A1 WO2009119444A1 PCT/JP2009/055443 JP2009055443W WO2009119444A1 WO 2009119444 A1 WO2009119444 A1 WO 2009119444A1 JP 2009055443 W JP2009055443 W JP 2009055443W WO 2009119444 A1 WO2009119444 A1 WO 2009119444A1
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- barium titanate
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- 239000003985 ceramic capacitor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 199
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium titanate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])([O-])[O-] JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical compound [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 142
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 70
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 58
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 58
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium Chemical compound [Er] UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N holmium atom Chemical compound [Ho] KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dysprosium atom Chemical compound [Dy] KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 103
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 50
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 28
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 24
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 101100513612 Microdochium nivale MnCO gene Proteins 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000992 sputter etching Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007606 doctor blade method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002003 electrode paste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010405 reoxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006061 abrasive grain Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940043430 calcium compound Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001674 calcium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004451 qualitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012086 standard solution Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/46—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates
- C04B35/462—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates
- C04B35/465—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates based on alkaline earth metal titanates
- C04B35/468—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates based on alkaline earth metal titanates based on barium titanates
- C04B35/4682—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates based on alkaline earth metal titanates based on barium titanates based on BaTiO3 perovskite phase
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- H01B3/12—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of inorganic substances ceramics
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G4/00—Fixed capacitors; Processes of their manufacture
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a multilayer ceramic capacitor, and more particularly to a small and high-capacity multilayer ceramic capacitor in which a dielectric layer is composed of barium titanate having different calcium concentrations.
- multilayer ceramic capacitors mounted on such electronic devices are required to be smaller and have higher capacities. Increasingly. Therefore, the dielectric layers constituting the multilayer ceramic capacitor are required to be thin and highly laminated.
- a dielectric material mainly composed of barium titanate has been conventionally used as a dielectric ceramic serving as a dielectric layer constituting a multilayer ceramic capacitor.
- composite dielectric materials have been developed in which barium titanate powder and powder in which calcium is dissolved in barium titanate are mixed, and these dielectric materials coexist. (See, for example, Patent Document 1).
- oxides of magnesium, rare earth elements and manganese are used as additives.
- these additives are dissolved in the vicinity of the respective surfaces of the barium titanate powder or the powder of calcium dissolved in barium titanate to form crystal particles having a so-called core-shell structure, Improvements such as temperature characteristics of dielectric constant and relative dielectric constant are achieved.
- the core-shell structure of the crystal particle refers to a structure in which the core part, which is the center part of the crystal particle, and the shell part, which is the outer shell part, form physically and chemically different phases. .
- the core portion is occupied by a tetragonal crystal phase
- the shell portion is occupied by a cubic crystal phase.
- Multilayer ceramic capacitors that use dielectric ceramics composed of core-shell crystal grains as described above as a dielectric layer have improved dielectric constant and X7R (based on 25 ° C as a temperature characteristic of relative dielectric constant).
- the temperature change rate of the relative dielectric constant is within ⁇ 15% at ⁇ 55 to 125 ° C.). Further, the change in relative permittivity when the applied AC voltage is increased is small.
- the multilayer ceramic capacitor has a problem that when the thickness of the dielectric layer is reduced to, for example, about 2 ⁇ m, the life characteristics in a high-temperature load test are greatly deteriorated.
- the problem of the present invention is that the temperature characteristics of the high dielectric constant and the relative dielectric constant are excellent, the increase in the relative dielectric constant when the AC voltage is increased, and the life characteristics in the high temperature load test are excellent. It is to provide a multilayer ceramic capacitor having a dielectric layer.
- the multilayer ceramic capacitor of the present invention is a dielectric comprising barium titanate as a main component and containing at least one rare earth element selected from yttrium, dysprosium, holmium and erbium, and calcium, magnesium, vanadium, manganese and terbium. It is formed by alternately laminating dielectric layers made of porcelain and internal electrode layers.
- the vanadium is 0.02 to 0.2 mol in terms of V 2 O 5 and the magnesium is 0.2 to 0.00 in terms of MgO with respect to 100 mol of titanium constituting the barium titanate.
- the crystal composing the dielectric ceramic comprises a first crystal group consisting of first crystal grains mainly composed of the barium titanate and having a calcium concentration of 0.2 atomic% or less, and the barium titanate. And a second crystal group consisting of second crystal grains having a calcium concentration of 0.4 atomic% or more.
- C2 / (C1 + C2) is 0.3 to 0.7, where C1 is the area of the first crystal grain seen on the polished surface of the dielectric ceramic, and C2 is the area of the second crystal grain. is there.
- the diffraction intensity of the (200) plane showing cubic barium titanate is larger than the diffraction intensity of the (002) plane showing tetragonal barium titanate.
- Curie temperature is 95-105 ° C.
- the said rare earth element is represented as RE, this is based on the English description (Rare earth) of the rare earth element in a periodic table.
- the temperature change rate of the dielectric constant can be reduced with a high dielectric constant, and the increase in the relative dielectric constant when the applied AC voltage is increased is small (the relative dielectric constant has an AC voltage dependency). Small) and a multilayer ceramic capacitor having a dielectric layer having a long life in a high-temperature load test can be obtained.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a dielectric layer constituting the monolithic ceramic capacitor shown in FIG. 1, and is a schematic diagram showing crystal grains and grain boundary phases.
- Sample No. in the examples. 3 is an X-ray diffraction chart of FIG. Sample No. in the examples. 3 is a graph showing the temperature characteristics of the capacitance of 3; (A) shows sample No. in the examples. 3 is a graph showing changes in the concentrations of rare earth elements and manganese contained in crystal grains of a dielectric ceramic constituting the multilayer ceramic capacitor of FIG.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing changes in the concentrations of rare earth elements and manganese contained in crystal grains of a dielectric ceramic constituting the multilayer ceramic capacitor of FIG. 6 is a graph showing changes in concentrations of rare earth elements and manganese contained in crystal grains of a dielectric ceramic constituting the multilayer ceramic capacitor of FIG.
- the multilayer ceramic capacitor of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS.
- the multilayer ceramic capacitor of the present invention has external electrodes 3 formed at both ends of a capacitor body 1.
- the external electrode 3 is formed by baking, for example, Cu or an alloy paste of Cu and Ni.
- the capacitor body 1 is configured by alternately laminating dielectric layers 5 made of dielectric ceramics and internal electrode layers 7.
- dielectric layers 5 made of dielectric ceramics and internal electrode layers 7.
- FIG. 1 the laminated state of the dielectric layer 5 and the internal electrode layer 7 is shown in a simplified manner.
- the multilayer ceramic capacitor of the present invention includes several hundred layers of the dielectric layer 5 and the internal electrode layer 7. It is a layered product.
- the dielectric layer 5 made of dielectric ceramic is composed of crystal grains 9 and grain boundary phases 11 as shown in FIG.
- the thickness of the dielectric layer 5 is preferably 2 ⁇ m or less, particularly preferably 1 ⁇ m or less.
- the multilayer ceramic capacitor can be reduced in size and capacity.
- the thickness of the dielectric layer 5 is 0.4 ⁇ m or more, it is possible to reduce the variation in capacitance and stabilize the capacitance-temperature characteristic.
- a base metal such as Ni or Cu is desirable in that the manufacturing cost can be suppressed even when the number of layers is increased, and in particular, simultaneous firing with the dielectric layer 5 in the present invention can be performed. Ni is more preferable in this respect.
- the dielectric ceramic constituting the dielectric layer 5 in the multilayer ceramic capacitor of the present invention is mainly composed of barium titanate, and includes calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), vanadium (V), manganese (Mn), and terbium (Tb). ) And at least one rare earth element (RE) selected from yttrium (Y), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho) and erbium (Er).
- RE rare earth element selected from yttrium (Y), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho) and erbium (Er).
- vanadium is 0.02 to 0.2 mol in terms of V 2 O 5 and magnesium is 0.2 to 0.8 mol in terms of MgO with respect to 100 mol of titanium constituting barium titanate
- Manganese is 0.1 to 0.5 mol in terms of MnO
- at least one rare earth element selected from yttrium, dysprosium, holmium and erbium is 0.3 to 0.8 mol in terms of RE 2 O 3
- terbium In an amount of 0.02 to 0.2 mol in terms of Tb 4 O 7 .
- the crystal particles 9 formed in the dielectric ceramic are a first crystal group constituting a first crystal group composed of crystal particles mainly composed of barium titanate and having a calcium concentration of 0.2 atomic% or less.
- Crystal grains 9a and second crystal grains 9b constituting a second crystal group consisting of crystal grains mainly composed of barium titanate and having a calcium concentration of 0.4 atomic% or more.
- a grain boundary phase 11 is formed between the crystal grains 9.
- the grain boundary phase 11 is mainly composed of a glass component, and partly contains subcomponents such as magnesium, vanadium, manganese, terbium, and rare earth elements contained in the dielectric ceramic.
- the ratio of the first crystal particles 9a to the second crystal particles 9b is such that the area of the first crystal particles 9a seen on the polished surface of the dielectric ceramic is C1, and the second crystal When the area of the particle 9b is C2, C2 / (C1 + C2) is 0.3 to 0.7.
- the diffraction intensity of the (200) plane showing cubic barium titanate is larger than the diffraction intensity of the (002) plane showing tetragonal barium titanate, and Curie temperature is 95-105 ° C.
- the dielectric ceramic of the present invention having such a specific configuration has a relative dielectric constant of 3500 or more at room temperature (25 ° C.), a dielectric loss of 12.5% or less, and a temperature characteristic of the relative dielectric constant of X6S (that is, 25 ° C.).
- the temperature change rate of the relative permittivity with respect to the temperature is within ⁇ 22% at ⁇ 55 to 105 ° C., and is hereinafter simply referred to as “X6S”).
- the relative dielectric constant when the AC voltage is 1 V is not more than twice the relative dielectric constant when the AC voltage is 0.01 V.
- this dielectric ceramic is subjected to a high temperature load test (temperature: 105 ° C., voltage: 1.5 times the rated voltage, test time: 1000 hours, hereinafter, simply referred to as “high temperature load test”).
- high temperature load test temperature: 105 ° C., voltage: 1.5 times the rated voltage, test time: 1000 hours
- the multilayer ceramic capacitor of the present invention having the dielectric layer 5 made of this dielectric ceramic has high reliability.
- the content of at least one rare earth element selected from yttrium, dysprosium, holmium and erbium is less than 0.3 mol in terms of RE 2 O 3 with respect to 100 mol of titanium constituting barium titanate, Reliability in high temperature load test decreases. On the other hand, if the content of the rare earth element is more than 0.8 mol in terms of RE 2 O 3 , the relative dielectric constant at room temperature becomes low.
- the relative dielectric constant when the AC voltage is 1 V increases (relative dielectric constant has a large AC voltage dependency) compared to the relative dielectric constant when the AC voltage is 0.01 V, and the rated voltage
- the change in the electrostatic capacity of the dielectric ceramic when the value changes is increased.
- vanadium is 0.02 to 0.08 mole in terms of V 2 O 5 and magnesium is 0.3 to 0.00 in terms of MgO with respect to 100 moles of titanium constituting barium titanate.
- manganese is 0.2 to 0.4 mol in terms of MnO
- at least one rare earth element selected from yttrium, dysprosium, holmium and erbium is 0.4 to 0.6 mol in terms of RE 2 O 3
- 0.02 to 0.08 mol of terbium in terms of Tb 4 O 7 is preferable.
- the dielectric ceramic having this composition can increase the relative dielectric constant at room temperature to 3700 or more, and the relative dielectric constant when the AC voltage is 1 V and the relative dielectric constant when the AC voltage is 0.01 V. 1.5 times or less.
- the rare earth element is particularly preferably yttrium in that a higher relative dielectric constant is obtained and an insulation resistance is high.
- the dielectric ceramic preferably contains 0.05 to 0.08 mol of terbium in terms of Tb 4 O 7 with respect to 100 mol of titanium constituting barium titanate.
- the coefficient of variation ( ⁇ / x ⁇ : standard deviation, x: average value) of the dielectric constant of the dielectric ceramic can be reduced. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a multilayer ceramic capacitor having a small variation in capacitance even when the firing temperature varies when the multilayer ceramic capacitor is manufactured.
- the ratio between the first crystal particles 9a and the second crystal particles 9b is the ratio of the area of the first crystal particles 9a found on the polished surface of the dielectric ceramic as C1 as described above.
- C2 is the area of the second crystal particle 9b
- C2 / (C1 + C2) is 0.3 to 0.7.
- C2 / (C1 + C2) is preferably 0.4 to 0.6, and if it is within this range, the dielectric constant of the dielectric ceramic at room temperature can be increased to 4000 or more.
- the concentration of calcium in the second crystal particle 9b is particularly preferably 0.5 to 2.5 atomic%.
- concentration of calcium is within this range, the solid solution of calcium in barium titanate can be made sufficient.
- the AC voltage dependency of the relative dielectric constant becomes large, so that a high dielectric constant can be achieved.
- the first crystal particles 9a include those having a calcium concentration of zero.
- the Curie temperature in the present invention refers to a temperature at which the relative dielectric constant becomes maximum in the range ( ⁇ 60 to 150 ° C.) in which the temperature characteristic of the relative dielectric constant is measured.
- the spot size of the electron beam is 5 nm.
- the points to be analyzed are 4 to 5 points at almost equal intervals from the grain boundary on a straight line drawn from the vicinity of the grain boundary toward the center of the crystal grain 9.
- the crystal particle having the calculated calcium concentration of 0.2 atomic% or less is defined as the first crystal particle 9a
- the crystal particle having the calculated calcium concentration of 0.4 atomic% or more is defined as the second crystal. Let it be particle 9b.
- the crystal particles 9 for measuring the calcium concentration are selected as follows. First, a photograph of a polished surface obtained by polishing a cross section of the dielectric layer 5 constituting the multilayer ceramic capacitor is taken using a transmission electron microscope (magnification: 20,000 to 100,000 times). Next, a circle containing 30 crystal particles 9 is drawn on the photograph, and the area of each particle is obtained by image processing from the outline of each crystal particle 9 in and around this circle. The diameter when replaced with is calculated. A crystal particle 9 having a diameter of the obtained crystal particle 9 in a range of ⁇ 30% of an average particle diameter determined by a method described later is used.
- the center of the crystal grain 9 is the center of the inscribed circle of the crystal grain 9, and the vicinity of the grain boundary of the crystal grain 9 is a region from the grain boundary of the crystal grain 9 to the inside of 5 nm. is there.
- the inscribed circle of the crystal particle 9 the image projected by the transmission electron microscope is taken into a computer, and the inscribed circle is drawn on the crystal particle 9 on the screen to determine the center of the crystal particle 9. To do.
- FIG. 3 shows a sample No. in an example described later.
- 3 shows an X-ray diffraction chart of a dielectric ceramic constituting the multilayer ceramic capacitor 3.
- the dielectric ceramic constituting the multilayer ceramic capacitor of the present invention has a diffraction pattern as shown in the X-ray diffraction chart of FIG. 4 shows sample no. 3 is a graph showing temperature characteristics of capacitance of the multilayer ceramic capacitor 3.
- the multilayer ceramic capacitor of the present invention has a capacitance temperature characteristic as shown in FIG.
- the X-ray diffraction peak in the vicinity of (°) is overlapped to form a wide diffraction peak.
- the diffraction intensity (Ic) of the (200) plane showing cubic barium titanate is larger than the diffraction intensity (It) of the (002) plane showing tetragonal barium titanate.
- the dielectric ceramic constituting the multilayer ceramic capacitor of the present invention has a Curie temperature (Tc) of 95. It has a dielectric characteristic different from that of a conventional dielectric ceramic having a core-shell structure with a temperature of ⁇ 105 ° C. and a Curie temperature of 125 ° C.
- a dielectric ceramic having a core-shell structure obtained by dissolving additive components such as magnesium, manganese and rare earth elements in barium titanate, which is the main component, has a Curie temperature (125 ° C.) of pure barium titanate. ) Shows the Curie temperature in the vicinity.
- the dielectric ceramic constituting the dielectric layer 5 in the multilayer ceramic capacitor of the present invention has calcium, vanadium, magnesium, manganese, yttrium, and dissimilar to barium titanate.
- Terbium is dissolved in at least one rare earth element selected from prosium, holmium and erbium.
- the X-ray diffraction chart has a crystal structure in which the diffraction intensity of the (200) plane showing cubic barium titanate is larger than the diffraction intensity of the (002) plane showing tetragonal barium titanate Nevertheless, the Curie temperature is 95-105 ° C., which is shifted to the room temperature side.
- the Curie temperature can be 95 to 105 ° C.
- the first crystal particles 9a and the second crystal particles 9b each subtract the manganese concentration at a depth of 10 nm from the manganese concentration in the surface layer portion.
- the concentration difference is 0.3 atomic percent or less, and the concentration difference obtained by subtracting the concentration of the rare earth element at the depth of 10 nm from the concentration of the rare earth element in the surface layer portion is 0.7 atomic percent or more. Specifically, it is as shown in FIGS.
- FIG. 5A shows a sample No. in an example described later.
- 3 is a graph showing changes in the concentrations of rare earth elements and manganese contained in crystal grains of a dielectric ceramic constituting the multilayer ceramic capacitor 3.
- the dielectric ceramic is within the scope of the present invention.
- FIG. 5B shows a sample No. in an example described later.
- 3 is a graph showing changes in the concentrations of rare earth elements and manganese contained in crystal grains of a dielectric ceramic constituting one multilayer ceramic capacitor.
- the dielectric porcelain is obtained by solid solution of additive components of magnesium, manganese and rare earth elements in the main component barium titanate, has a core-shell structure, and has a Curie temperature of 125 ° C. .
- FIG. 5C shows a sample No. in an example described later.
- 6 is a graph showing changes in concentrations of rare earth elements and manganese contained in crystal grains of a dielectric ceramic constituting the multilayer ceramic capacitor of FIG.
- the dielectric porcelain is obtained by solidly adding additive components of magnesium, manganese and rare earth elements to barium titanate which is a main component and adding terbium in excess.
- the rare earth element is yttrium (Y).
- the rare earth element (Y) shows a large concentration change in the vicinity of the surface of the crystal grain 9, whereas the concentration change in the vicinity of the surface of manganese (Mn) is small.
- both the rare earth element (Y) and manganese (Mn) components show large concentration changes near the surface of the crystal grain 9.
- both the rare earth element (Y) and manganese (Mn) components have small changes in concentration near the surface of the crystal grain 9.
- the multilayer ceramic capacitor of the present invention has a large concentration change of the rare earth element (Y) near the surface of the crystal grain 9 constituting the dielectric ceramic, whereas the concentration change of manganese (Mn) is small.
- the diffused element compensates for oxygen defects in the crystal grains, thereby increasing the insulation of the dielectric ceramic and improving the life in the high temperature load test.
- the ratio of the core portion containing many defects such as oxygen vacancies increases. Therefore, it is considered that when a DC voltage is applied, oxygen vacancies or the like are likely to be carriers that carry charges in the crystal particles 9 constituting the dielectric ceramic, and the insulation of the dielectric ceramic is lowered.
- the dielectric ceramic constituting the dielectric layer 5 in the multilayer ceramic capacitor of the present invention terbium is added together with vanadium, and the solid solution states of manganese and rare earth elements, which are additive components including these, are changed, and the Curie temperature is set. The range is 95 to 105 ° C. Therefore, the carrier density such as oxygen vacancies in the crystal particles 9 can be reduced, the rare earth elements and magnesium can be increased, and the inside of the crystal particles 9 can be reduced in oxygen vacancies. It is thought that it can be obtained.
- the concentration of rare earth elements and manganese contained in the crystal particles 9 is measured using a transmission electron microscope provided with an element analyzer (EDS).
- EDS element analyzer
- the sample to be analyzed is polished to the extent that the multilayer ceramic capacitor can be observed by ion milling in the stacking direction, and the first crystal particles 9a determined by measuring the above-mentioned calcium concentration on the surface of the polished dielectric layer 5 are analyzed. And the 2nd crystal grain 9b is each extracted.
- the area of each particle is obtained by image processing from the contour, and the diameter when replaced with a circle having the same area is calculated, and each crystal particle 9a and 9b will be described later.
- the crystal grains are in the range of ⁇ 30% of the average particle diameter determined by the measurement method, and 10 first crystal grains 9a and 10 second crystal grains 9b in this range are extracted.
- the spot size of the electron beam for elemental analysis is 1 to 3 nm.
- the location to be analyzed is at least the surface layer portion of the crystal particle 9 and the positions where the depth from the surface layer portion is 5 nm, 10 nm, and 20 nm.
- the surface layer portion of the crystal particle 9 is a region within 3 nm from the grain boundary of the cross section of the crystal particle 9.
- the concentration of the rare earth element and manganese in the surface layer part of each crystal particle 9a, 9b is obtained, and the rare earth element at a depth of 10 nm from the surface layer part And determine the manganese concentration.
- the position indicated by the arrow is a position having a depth of 10 nm from the surface layer portion.
- the depth from the manganese concentration in the surface layer portion of each crystal particle 9a, 9b is determined.
- a concentration difference obtained by subtracting the manganese concentration at a position of 10 nm and a concentration difference obtained by subtracting the concentration of the rare earth element at a depth of 10 nm from the concentration of the rare earth element in the surface layer portion of each crystal grain 9a, 9b are obtained. Specifically, this operation is performed on 10 crystal particles, and a total of 20 values obtained from the crystal particles 9 a and 9 b are used as the average value of the crystal particles 9.
- magnesium, vanadium, and terbium have a concentration difference of 0.3 atomic% or less obtained by subtracting each concentration at a depth of 10 nm from each concentration in the surface layer portion, similarly to manganese. .
- the first crystal particle 9a and the second crystal particle 9b are used in that the dielectric loss is reduced while maintaining a high dielectric constant.
- the average particle size of the crystal particles 9 may be 0.1 ⁇ m or more, but in order to reduce the variation in capacitance, the average particle size is preferably 0.3 ⁇ m or less, and preferably 0.14 to 0. It is good that it is 28 ⁇ m.
- the relative permittivity is 3500 or more
- the dielectric loss is 12.5% or less
- the temperature characteristics of the relative permittivity satisfy X6S
- the AC voltage is The relative dielectric constant when the voltage is 1 V is 1.9 times or less the relative dielectric constant when the AC voltage is 0.01 V, the reliability in the high temperature load test (105 ° C., 1.5 times the rated voltage, 1000 hours) There is an advantage that “no defect” can be satisfied.
- the average grain size of the crystal grains 9 is determined by first polishing the fracture surface of the sintered capacitor body 1 and then taking a picture of the internal structure using a scanning electron microscope (magnification: 20,000 to 100, 000 times).
- each crystal particle 9 is image-processed to determine the area of each particle, the diameter when replaced with a circle having the same area is calculated, and the average particle diameter is determined from the average value.
- vanadium is added to V 2 O with respect to 100 moles of titanium constituting barium titanate.
- titanium constituting barium titanate From 0.05 to 0.1 mol in terms of 5 , from 0.2 to 0.8 mol in terms of magnesium, from 0.2 to 0.3 mol in terms of manganese, from yttrium, dysprosium, holmium and erbium It is preferable to contain at least one selected rare earth element in an amount of 0.4 to 0.6 mol in terms of RE 2 O 3 and terbium in an amount of 0.05 to 0.1 mol in terms of Tb 4 O 7 .
- the average particle diameter of the crystal grains and the second crystal grains is preferably 0.14 to 0.19 ⁇ m.
- Dielectric ceramics having such a composition and the average grain size of crystal grains can provide a multilayer ceramic capacitor free from defects in 1000 hours or more even under the condition where the temperature of the high temperature load test is increased to 125 ° C.
- a glass component may be contained as an auxiliary (sintering auxiliary) for improving the sinterability as long as desired dielectric characteristics can be maintained.
- barium titanate powder (hereinafter referred to as BT powder) having a purity of 99% or more and powder in which calcium is dissolved in barium titanate (hereinafter referred to as BCT powder) are prepared as raw material powders.
- BCT powder barium titanate powder
- V 2 O 5 powder and MgO powder and further, oxide powder of at least one rare earth element selected from Y 2 O 3 powder, Dy 2 O 3 powder, Ho 2 O 3 powder and Er 2 O 3 powder, and Tb 4 O 7 powder and MnCO 3 powder are prepared.
- the BCT powder is a solid solution mainly composed of barium titanate in which part of the A site is substituted with calcium (Ca), and is represented by (Ba 1-x Ca x ) TiO 3 .
- Ca contained in the second crystal particles 9b is solid-dissolved in a state of being dispersed in the second crystal particles 9b.
- the BT powder and BCT powder to be used preferably have a specific surface area of 2 to 6 m 2 / g.
- the specific surface areas of the BT powder and the BCT powder are 2 to 6 m 2 / g
- the first crystal particles 9a and the second crystal particles 9b maintain the crystal structure close to the core-shell structure, and these crystal particles It becomes easy to dissolve the additive component therein and shift the Curie temperature to the low temperature side.
- the dielectric constant can be improved, and the insulating property of the dielectric ceramic can be enhanced, thereby improving the reliability in the high temperature load test.
- At least one rare earth element oxide powder selected from Y 2 O 3 powder, Dy 2 O 3 powder, Ho 2 O 3 powder and Er 2 O 3 powder as additives, Tb 4 O 7 powder, V As for 2 O 5 powder, MgO powder, and MnCO 3 powder, it is preferable to use the same particle size (or specific surface area) as that of the dielectric powder.
- these raw material powders are 0.02 to 0.2 mol of V 2 O 5 powder, 0.2 to 0.8 mol of MgO powder with respect to 100 mol of the total amount of BT powder and BCT powder, Rare earth element oxide powder 0.3 to 0.8 mol, MnCO 3 powder 0.1 to 0.5 mol, Tb 4 O 7 powder 0.02 to 0.2 mol in a proportion, Furthermore, if necessary, glass powder is added as a sintering aid within a range where desired dielectric properties can be maintained to obtain raw material powder.
- the addition amount of the glass powder is preferably 0.5 to 2 parts by mass when the total amount of the main raw material powders BT powder and BCT powder is 100 parts by mass.
- a ceramic slurry is prepared by adding a dedicated organic vehicle to the above raw material powder, and a ceramic green sheet is formed using a sheet forming method such as a doctor blade method or a die coater method.
- the thickness of the ceramic green sheet is preferably 0.5 to 3 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of reducing the thickness of the dielectric layer 5 to increase the capacity and maintaining high insulation.
- Ni, Cu, or an alloy powder thereof is suitable for the conductor paste used as the internal electrode pattern.
- the obtained sheet laminate is cut into a lattice shape to form a capacitor body molded body so that the end of the internal electrode pattern is exposed.
- the internal electrode pattern can be formed so as to be alternately exposed on the end surface of the cut capacitor body molded body.
- the firing temperature is preferably 1100 to 1200 ° C. for the purpose of controlling the solid solution of the additive in the BT powder and the BCT powder and the grain growth of the crystal grains.
- BT powder and BCT powder having a specific surface area of 2 to 6 m 2 / g are used, and as described above, together with oxides of magnesium, manganese, vanadium and terbium, A predetermined amount of various oxide powders of at least one rare earth element selected from yttrium, dysprosium, holmium and erbium is added as an additive and fired at the above temperature.
- various additives are included in the crystal particles obtained using BT powder and BCT powder as the main raw material, and the crystal structure indicated by the crystal particles is made close to the core-shell structure, while the Curie temperature is conventionally increased.
- the range is lower than the Curie temperature of the dielectric ceramic showing the core-shell structure.
- the first crystal particles 9a and the second crystal particles 9b are added by firing so that the Curie temperature is in a range lower than the Curie temperature of the dielectric ceramic showing the conventional core / shell structure.
- first crystal particles 9a and the second crystal particles 9b are made highly insulating, and a multilayer ceramic capacitor having a Curie temperature of 95 to 105 ° C. can be manufactured.
- an external electrode paste is applied to the opposite end portions of the capacitor body 1 obtained by the heat treatment and baked to form the external electrodes 3. Further, a plating film may be formed on the surface of the external electrode 3 in order to improve mountability. Thus, the multilayer ceramic capacitor of the present invention is obtained.
- BT powder and BCT powder are sample No.
- samples 1 to 80 samples having a specific surface area of 4 m 2 / g were used.
- samples 81 to 110 those having a specific surface area of 6 m 2 / g were used.
- MgO powder, Y 2 O 3 powder, Dy 2 O 3 powder, Ho 2 O 3 powder, Er 2 O 3 powder, Tb 4 O 7 powder, MnCO 3 powder and V 2 O 5 powder have an average particle size of 0.
- a 1 ⁇ m one was used.
- the addition amount of the glass powder was 1 part by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass in total of the BT powder and the BCT powder.
- the wet-mixed powder was put into a mixed solvent of toluene and alcohol together with the polyvinyl butyral resin, and wet-mixed using a zirconia ball having a diameter of 5 mm to prepare a ceramic slurry.
- a ceramic slurry ceramic green sheets having a thickness of 1.5 ⁇ m and 2.5 ⁇ m were prepared by a doctor blade method.
- the conductor paste for forming the internal electrode pattern was obtained by adding 15 parts by mass of BT powder to 100 parts by mass of Ni powder having an average particle size of 0.3 ⁇ m.
- the molded body of the capacitor body was treated to remove the binder in the air, and then fired in hydrogen-nitrogen at 1120 to 1135 ° C. for 2 hours to produce a capacitor body. Further, the produced capacitor body was subsequently subjected to reoxidation treatment at 1000 ° C. for 4 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere.
- the size of this capacitor body was 0.95 ⁇ 0.48 ⁇ 0.48 mm 3
- the thickness of the dielectric layer was 1 ⁇ m or 2 ⁇ m
- the effective area of one internal electrode layer was 0.3 mm 2 .
- the effective area is the area of the overlapping portion of the internal electrode layers that are alternately formed in the stacking direction so as to be exposed at different end faces of the capacitor body.
- the fired capacitor body was barrel-polished, and then an external electrode paste containing Cu powder and glass was applied to both ends of the capacitor body and baked at 850 ° C. to form external electrodes. Thereafter, using an electrolytic barrel machine, Ni plating and tin (Sn) plating were sequentially performed on the surface of the external electrode to produce a multilayer ceramic capacitor (Sample Nos. 1-110 in Tables 1 to 3).
- Temperature characteristics of dielectric constant As for the temperature characteristics of the relative dielectric constant, the capacitance was measured in the temperature range of ⁇ 55 to 150 ° C. As for the temperature characteristics of the relative dielectric constant, a case where X6S (within ⁇ 22% within a range of ⁇ 55 to 105 ° C. with respect to 25 ° C.) is satisfied is indicated as “ ⁇ ”, and a case where it is not satisfied is indicated as “X”. The evaluation of the temperature characteristic of the relative dielectric constant was obtained from the average value of 10 samples.
- the Curie temperature was determined as the temperature at which the relative dielectric constant was maximum in the range in which the temperature characteristic of the relative dielectric constant was measured.
- the high temperature load test was performed under conditions of a temperature of 105 ° C. or 125 ° C., an applied voltage of 6 V / ⁇ m, and 1000 hours.
- the number of samples in the high temperature load test was 20 for each sample, and those that had no defects up to 1000 hours were regarded as non-defective products.
- the said temperature is sample No. 1 to 80, 105 ° C., sample No. 81-110 were performed at 125 ° C.
- the average particle size of the crystal particles constituting the dielectric layer was determined as follows. First, after grinding the fracture surface of the sample which is the capacitor body after firing, a photograph of the internal structure was taken using a scanning electron microscope (magnification: 30,000 times). Next, a circle containing 20 to 30 crystal grains was drawn on the photograph, and crystal grains covering the circumference and the circumference were selected. And the outline of each crystal grain was image-processed, the area of each particle was calculated
- the fracture surface was roughly polished using a diamond plate and then polished using # 1000 polishing paper.
- polishing was performed using a diamond solution applied onto a hard buff, and further, alumina abrasive grains having a particle size of 0.3 ⁇ m were applied onto a soft buff, followed by finish polishing.
- the spot size of the electron beam was 5 nm.
- the locations to be analyzed were 4 to 5 points at almost equal intervals from the grain boundary on the straight line drawn from the vicinity of the grain boundary toward the center.
- the ratio of calcium when the total amount of Ba, Ti, Ca, V, Mg, RE (rare earth element) and Mn detected from each measurement point is 100% is determined, and the ratio of calcium determined from each measurement point was determined as the calcium concentration.
- the crystal particles for measuring the calcium concentration were selected as follows. First, a photograph of a polished surface obtained by polishing a cross section of a dielectric layer constituting a multilayer ceramic capacitor was taken using a transmission electron microscope. Next, a circle containing 20 to 30 crystal particles is drawn on the photograph, and the area of each particle is determined by image processing from the outline of each crystal particle in and around this circle. The diameter when replaced with was calculated. A crystal particle having a diameter within a range of ⁇ 30% of the average particle diameter described above was used as the crystal particle.
- the center of the crystal grain is the center of the inscribed circle of the crystal grain, and the vicinity of the grain boundary of the crystal grain is a region from the grain boundary of the crystal grain to the inside of 5 nm. is there.
- the inscribed circle of the crystal particles an image projected by a transmission electron microscope was taken into a computer, and an inscribed circle was drawn on the crystal particles on the screen to determine the center of the crystal particles.
- the concentration of rare earth elements and manganese contained in the crystal particles was measured using a transmission electron microscope equipped with an element analyzer (EDS).
- EDS element analyzer
- the sample to be analyzed was polished to the extent that the multilayer ceramic capacitor can be observed in the stacking direction by ion milling, and on the surface of the polished dielectric layer, the first crystal particles and the Two crystal particles were extracted respectively.
- the first crystal particles and the second crystal particles to be extracted are obtained by calculating the area of each particle by image processing from the contour thereof, and calculating the diameter when replaced with a circle having the same area.
- the crystal grains were in the range of ⁇ 30% of the average particle diameter determined by the measurement method described above. Ten first crystal particles and second crystal particles in this range were extracted.
- the spot size of the electron beam for elemental analysis was set to 1 to 3 nm. Moreover, the location to analyze was made into the surface layer part (area
- the concentrations of the rare earth element and manganese in the surface layer portion of each of the first and second crystal particles were determined, and the concentrations of the rare earth element and manganese at a depth of 10 nm from the surface layer portion were determined. .
- a concentration difference obtained by subtracting the manganese concentration at a depth of 10 nm from the manganese concentration in the surface layer of each crystal particle, and A concentration difference obtained by subtracting the concentration of the rare earth element at a depth of 10 nm from the concentration of the rare earth element in the surface layer portion of each crystal particle was determined. Specifically, this operation was performed on 10 crystal particles, and a total of 20 values obtained from each crystal particle were used as the average value of the crystal particles.
- the sample of the present invention is a rare earth element and manganese (Mn) contained in the crystal particles of the dielectric ceramic constituting the multilayer ceramic capacitor. Change in the concentration of each sample No. 3 showed the same tendency.
- composition analysis The composition analysis of the sample which was the obtained sintered body was performed by ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma) analysis or atomic absorption analysis.
- ICP Inductively Coupled Plasma
- the obtained dielectric ceramic was mixed with boric acid and sodium carbonate, and the melted material was dissolved in hydrochloric acid.
- qualitative analysis of elements contained in the dielectric ceramic was performed by atomic absorption analysis.
- the diluted standard solution for each identified element was used as a standard sample and quantified by ICP emission spectroscopic analysis. Further, the amount of oxygen was determined using the valence of each element as the valence shown in the periodic table.
- Tables 1 to 3 show the blending composition and firing temperature
- Tables 4 to 6 show the composition of each element in the sintered body in terms of oxides, the thickness of the dielectric layer after firing, and the ratio of crystal grains (C2 / ( C1 + C2)), average particle diameter, peak intensity ratio of cubic and tetragonal crystals by X-ray diffraction, Curie temperature, surface layer portion of crystal particles, and concentration difference between rare earth element and manganese at a position 10 nm deep from the surface layer portion
- characteristics Tables 7 to 12 show the results of (dielectric constant, dielectric loss, temperature characteristic of dielectric constant (determined from the temperature characteristic of capacitance), life in high temperature load test).
- vanadium is 0.02 to 0.08 mole in terms of V 2 O 5 and magnesium is MgO in terms of 100 moles of titanium constituting the barium titanate.
- MnO manganese to 0.2 to 0.4 mol in terms of MnO, and at least one rare earth element selected from yttrium, dysprosium, holmium and erbium to a value in terms of RE 2 O 3 of 0.
- Sample No. 4 to 0.6 mol and terbium 0.02 to 0.08 mol in terms of Tb 4 O 7 were used.
- the relative dielectric constant when the AC voltage was 1 V was 1.5 times or less than the relative dielectric constant when the AC voltage was 0.01 V.
- sample Nos. In which the average particle size of the crystal particles constituting the dielectric layer is in the range of 0.14 to 0.28 ⁇ m. 2 to 5, 8 to 12, 16 to 19, 22 to 25, 28 to 31, 33 to 35, 37 to 39, 41 to 77, 79, 80, 82, 83, 86 to 88, 91 to 94, 97, 100, 101, 103 to 105 and 107 to 109, the relative dielectric constant is 3500 or more, the dielectric loss is 12.5% or less, the temperature characteristic of the relative dielectric constant satisfies X6S, and the ratio when the AC voltage is 1V The dielectric constant was not more than 1.9 times the relative dielectric constant when the AC voltage was 0.01V.
- Sample No. 1 containing 0.05 to 0.08 mol of terbium in terms of Tb 4 O 7 was used.
- the variation coefficient of the relative dielectric constant was 0.9 or less, and the variation was small.
- the first crystal particles and the second crystal particles constituting the dielectric layer in the multilayer ceramic capacitor 3 subtracted the manganese (Mn) concentration at a depth of 10 nm from the manganese (Mn) concentration in the surface layer portion.
- the concentration difference is 0.3 atomic% or less, and the concentration difference obtained by subtracting the rare earth element (Y) concentration at a depth of 10 nm from the concentration of the rare earth element (Y) in the surface layer portion is 0.7 atomic% or more.
- the concentration difference obtained by subtracting the concentration of manganese (Mn) at a depth of 10 nm from the concentration of manganese (Mn) in the surface layer portion is 0.3 atomic% or less, and the concentration of rare earth elements in the surface layer portion
- the concentration difference obtained by subtracting the concentration of the rare earth element at the position of 10 nm in depth has a concentration difference of 0.7 atomic% or more.
- vanadium is 0.05 to 0.1 mol in terms of V 2 O 5 and magnesium is in terms of MgO with respect to 100 mol of titanium constituting barium titanate.
- manganese is 0.2 to 0.3 mol in terms of MnO
- at least one rare earth element selected from yttrium, dysprosium, holmium and erbium is in terms of RE 2 O 3 . 4 to 0.6 mol
- terbium in an amount of 0.05 to 0.1 mol in terms of Tb 4 O 7
- the average particle size of the first crystal particles and the second crystal particles is 0.14 to 0.004.
- sample No. out of the scope of the present invention. 1, 6, 7, 14, 15, 20, 21, 26, 27, 32, 36, 40, 81, 84, 85, 89, 90, 95, 96, 98, 99, 102, 106 and 110, room temperature
- the relative dielectric constant at 25 ° C. is 3500 or more, the dielectric loss is 12.5% or less, the temperature characteristic of the relative dielectric constant satisfies X6S, and the relative dielectric constant when the AC voltage is 1 V is 0 for the AC voltage.
- the dielectric constant was not more than twice the relative dielectric constant when .01 V was set, and the life characteristics in the high temperature load test were not satisfied.
- the concentration difference obtained by subtracting the manganese concentration at the depth of 10 nm from the manganese concentration in the surface layer portion is 0.5. Further, the concentration difference obtained by subtracting the concentration of the rare earth element (Y) at the depth of 10 nm from the concentration of the rare earth element (Y) in the surface layer portion was 0.8 atom%.
- the calcium concentration of the second crystal particles was 0.5 to 1.5 atomic% in the analyzed range.
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Abstract
Description
まず、原料粉末として、BT粉末,BCT粉末(組成は(Ba1-xCax)TiO3、X=0.05),MgO粉末,Y2O3粉末,Dy2O3粉末,Ho2O3粉末,Er2O3粉末,Tb4O7粉末,MnCO3粉末およびV2O5粉末を準備した。
次に、得られた積層セラミックコンデンサについて、以下の評価を行った。
(比誘電率および誘電損失)
比誘電率および誘電損失は、静電容量を温度25℃、周波数1.0kHz、測定電圧を0.01Vrmsまたは1Vrmsとして測定し、誘電体層の厚みと内部電極層の有効面積から求めた。この比誘電率および誘電損失の評価は、試料数20個とし、その平均値から求めた。また、比誘電率の評価において、標準偏差σを求め、上記平均値xから変動係数(σ/x)を求めた。
比誘電率の温度特性は、静電容量を温度-55~150℃の範囲で測定した。比誘電率の温度特性は、X6S(-55~105℃の範囲において、25℃を基準にしたときに±22%以内)を満足する場合を○、満足しない場合を×とした。この比誘電率の温度特性の評価は、試料数10個とし、その平均値から求めた。
キュリー温度は、比誘電率の温度特性を測定した範囲において、比誘電率が最大となる温度として求めた。
高温負荷試験は、温度105℃または125℃、印加電圧6V/μm、1000時間の条件で行った。高温負荷試験での試料数は、各試料20個とし、1000時間まで不良の無かったものを良品とした。なお、前記温度は、試料No.1~80については105℃、試料No.81~110については125℃で行った。
誘電体層を構成する結晶粒子の平均粒径は、以下のようにして求めた。まず、焼成後のコンデンサ本体である試料の破断面を研磨した後、走査型電子顕微鏡を用いて内部組織の写真を撮った(倍率:30,000倍)。次に、その写真上で結晶粒子が20~30個入る円を描き、円内および円周にかかった結晶粒子を選択した。そして、各結晶粒子の輪郭を画像処理して各粒子の面積を求め、同じ面積をもつ円に置き換えたときの直径を算出し、その平均値より前記平均粒径を求めた。
結晶粒子中のカルシウムの濃度については、積層セラミックコンデンサを構成する誘電体層の断面をイオンミリングにより観察できる程度にまで研磨した研磨面に存在する結晶粒子に対して、元素分析機器を付設した透過型電子顕微鏡を用いて元素分析を行い求めた。
立方晶のチタン酸バリウムを示す(200)面の回折強度と、正方晶のチタン酸バリウムを示す(002)面の回折強度との比の測定は、Cukαの管球を備えたX線回折装置を用いて、角度2θ=44~46°の範囲で測定し、ピーク強度の比から求めた。
結晶粒子に含まれる希土類元素およびマンガンの濃度の測定は、元素分析器(EDS)を付設した透過電子顕微鏡を用いて行った。分析する試料は、積層セラミックコンデンサを積層方向にイオンミリングにより観察できる程度にまで研磨し、その研磨した誘電体層の表面において、前述のカルシウムの濃度の測定により判定した第1の結晶粒子および第2の結晶粒子をそれぞれ抽出した。
得られた焼結体である試料の組成分析は、ICP(Inductively Coupled Plasma)分析もしくは原子吸光分析により行った。この場合、得られた誘電体磁器を硼酸と炭酸ナトリウムと混合し、溶融させたものを塩酸に溶解させて、まず、原子吸光分析により誘電体磁器に含まれる元素の定性分析を行った。次いで、特定した各元素について標準液を希釈したものを標準試料として、ICP発光分光分析にかけて定量化した。また、各元素の価数を周期表に示される価数として酸素量を求めた。
Claims (6)
- チタン酸バリウムを主成分とし、カルシウム,マグネシウム,バナジウム,マンガンおよびテルビウムと、イットリウム,ディスプロシウム,ホルミウムおよびエルビウムから選ばれる少なくとも1種の希土類元素とを含む誘電体磁器からなる誘電体層と、
内部電極層とを交互に積層してなる積層セラミックコンデンサであって、
前記誘電体磁器が、前記チタン酸バリウムを構成するチタン100モルに対して、
前記バナジウムをV2O5換算で0.02~0.2モル、
前記マグネシウムをMgO換算で0.2~0.8モル、
前記マンガンをMnO換算で0.1~0.5モル、
イットリウム,ディスプロシウム,ホルミウムおよびエルビウムから選ばれる少なくとも1種の前記希土類元素をRE2O3換算で0.3~0.8モル、
および前記テルビウムをTb4O7換算で0.02~0.2モル含有するとともに、
前記誘電体磁器を構成する結晶が、前記チタン酸バリウムを主成分とし、前記カルシウムの濃度が0.2原子%以下である第1の結晶粒子からなる第1の結晶群と、前記チタン酸バリウムを主成分とし、前記カルシウムの濃度が0.4原子%以上である第2の結晶粒子からなる第2の結晶群とを有し、
前記誘電体磁器の研磨面に見られる前記第1の結晶粒子の面積をC1、前記第2の結晶粒子の面積をC2としたときに、C2/(C1+C2)が0.3~0.7であり、
前記誘電体磁器のX線回折チャートにおいて、立方晶のチタン酸バリウムを示す(200)面の回折強度が、正方晶のチタン酸バリウムを示す(002)面の回折強度よりも大きく、
かつキュリー温度が95~105℃であることを特徴とする積層セラミックコンデンサ。 - 前記第1の結晶粒子および前記第2の結晶粒子の平均粒径が0.14~0.28μmであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の積層セラミックコンデンサ。
- 前記C2/(C1+C2)が0.4~0.6であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の積層セラミックコンデンサ。
- 前記誘電体磁器が、前記チタン酸バリウムを構成するチタン100モルに対して、
前記バナジウムをV2O5換算で0.02~0.08モル、
前記マグネシウムをMgO換算で0.3~0.6モル、
前記マンガンをMnO換算で0.2~0.4モル、
イットリウム,ディスプロシウム,ホルミウムおよびエルビウムから選ばれる少なくとも1種の前記希土類元素をRE2O3換算で0.4~0.6モル、
および前記テルビウムをTb4O7換算で0.02~0.08モル含有することを特徴とする請求項1または3に記載の積層セラミックコンデンサ。 - 前記誘電体磁器が、前記チタン酸バリウムを構成するチタン100モルに対して、前記テルビウムをTb4O7換算で0.05~0.08モル含有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の積層セラミックコンデンサ。
- 前記誘電体磁器が、前記チタン酸バリウムを構成するチタン100モルに対して、
前記バナジウムをV2O5換算で0.05~0.1モル、
前記マグネシウムをMgO換算で0.2~0.8モル、
前記マンガンをMnO換算で0.2~0.3モル、
イットリウム,ディスプロシウム,ホルミウムおよびエルビウムから選ばれる少なくとも1種の前記希土類元素をRE2O3換算で0.4~0.6モル、
および前記テルビウムをTb4O7換算で0.05~0.1モル含有するとともに、
前記第1の結晶粒子および前記第2の結晶粒子の平均粒径が0.14~0.19μmであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の積層セラミックコンデンサ。
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JP2011256091A (ja) * | 2010-06-11 | 2011-12-22 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | 誘電体セラミックおよびそれを用いた積層セラミックコンデンサ |
JP2012076951A (ja) * | 2010-09-30 | 2012-04-19 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | 誘電体セラミック及び積層セラミックコンデンサ |
JP2014045163A (ja) * | 2012-07-30 | 2014-03-13 | Kyocera Corp | コンデンサ |
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JPWO2017073621A1 (ja) * | 2015-10-28 | 2018-08-30 | 京セラ株式会社 | コンデンサ |
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