WO2009084443A1 - 脂肪族ポリエステルの製造方法 - Google Patents
脂肪族ポリエステルの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009084443A1 WO2009084443A1 PCT/JP2008/073017 JP2008073017W WO2009084443A1 WO 2009084443 A1 WO2009084443 A1 WO 2009084443A1 JP 2008073017 W JP2008073017 W JP 2008073017W WO 2009084443 A1 WO2009084443 A1 WO 2009084443A1
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- polycondensation reaction
- aliphatic
- aliphatic polyester
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- reaction tank
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/78—Preparation processes
- C08G63/785—Preparation processes characterised by the apparatus used
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/02—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/12—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/16—Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing an aliphatic polyester.
- it is related with the manufacturing method of aliphatic polyester which can reduce the foreign material contained in the obtained aliphatic polyester.
- aliphatic polyester is attracting attention as an environmentally friendly plastic.
- the aliphatic polyester can be obtained from an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid and an aliphatic diol by performing an esterification reaction and a melt polycondensation reaction.
- Raw material aliphatic dicarboxylic acids eg, succinic acid and adipic acid
- aliphatic diols eg, ethylene glycol, propanediol, butanediol
- resource saving of fossil fuel can be achieved.
- the growth of plants absorbs carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, which can greatly contribute to the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions.
- it is also known to exhibit excellent biodegradability and it can be said that the aliphatic polyester is a triple-friendly plastic.
- the aliphatic polyester When the aliphatic polyester is actually used, it is molded into a film or fiber. Therefore, when producing aliphatic polyester, it is required to reduce as much foreign substances as possible that obstruct these moldings or defects in the physical properties of the molded product.
- aliphatic polyesters usually have a low melting point, usually 120 ° C. or lower (see Non-Patent Document 1), and many have poor thermal stability.
- the temperature of the melt polycondensation reaction is usually 100 ° C. or higher than the melting point, thermal decomposition is likely to occur during the reaction, and decomposition products are likely to be mixed as foreign substances.
- the raw aliphatic dicarboxylic acid and the aliphatic diol for example, succinic acid and 1,4-butanediol
- a considerable amount (about 1% by mass) of a cyclic dimer is formed as a by-product during the reaction.
- this material tends to cause blockage during the reaction process.
- Patent Document 1 relating to polybutylene terephthalate proposes that the temperature of the gas phase portion of the melt polycondensation reaction tank be controlled to 260 ° C. or less. Yes.
- this method has a higher melting point than that of aliphatic polyester (polybutylene terephthalate has a melting point of about 220 ° C.), good thermal stability, and a small difference between the melting polycondensation reaction temperature and the melting point (for example, melting) (The polycondensation reaction temperature is 240 to 260 ° C.) It takes advantage of the characteristics of the aromatic polyester that there is little thermal decomposition during the reaction, and this method cannot be used as it is for the aliphatic polyester. Therefore, there has been a demand for a method for reducing foreign matter that can be applied to the production of aliphatic polyester. JP 2002-140772 A 575 pages of "Saturated polyester resin handbook" published by Nikkan Kogyo Co., Ltd.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a method for stably and efficiently producing an aliphatic polyester with reduced foreign matter.
- the present inventors can suppress the generation of foreign matters during the reaction by controlling the wall surface temperature T of the distilling pipe for distilling the by-product aliphatic diol to a specific range.
- the inventors have found that aliphatic polyester can be produced stably and efficiently, and have reached the present invention.
- the present invention is a method for producing an aliphatic polyester mainly composed of an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid and an aliphatic diol, wherein a polyester is obtained through an esterification reaction and a melt polycondensation reaction using a plurality of continuous reaction vessels.
- the by-product aliphatic diol produced by the reaction is converted into a by-product aliphatic diol boiling point t1 (° C.) at the pressure in the polycondensation reaction tank in which the melt polycondensation reaction is performed, and the by-product aliphatic diol from the polycondensation reaction tank.
- the melt polycondensation reaction is carried out while distilling so that the relationship between the wall temperature T (° C.) of the distillation pipe to be distilled and the internal temperature t2 (° C.) of the polycondensation reaction tank satisfies the following formula (1).
- the present invention solves the above problems by providing a method for producing an aliphatic polyester.
- the relationship between T (° C.) and t2 (° C.) preferably further satisfies the following formula (2).
- 50 mol% or more of the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid is preferably succinic acid, and the aliphatic diol is preferably 1,4-butanediol.
- a trifunctional or higher polyfunctional compound is contained in the aliphatic polyester as a copolymerization component.
- the polycondensation reaction tank comprises a decompression device for maintaining the pressure in the polycondensation reaction tank at a reaction pressure equal to or lower than atmospheric pressure, and a by-product distilled out of the polycondensation reaction tank from the distillation pipe.
- a horizontal polycondensation tank provided with a condenser for condensing an aliphatic diol, and the horizontal polycondensation tank further includes a by-product cyclic dimer distilled out of the polycondensation reaction tank from the distillation pipe. It is also preferable to provide a condenser for condensing the water.
- the horizontal type polycondensation tank is equipped with the condenser for condensing a by-product cyclic
- annular dimer a by-product cyclic
- a filter in at least one part of the flow path of the reactant in the melt polycondensation reaction.
- the present invention foreign substances in the aliphatic polyester resin can be reduced. Therefore, blockage hardly occurs in the manufacturing process, and the aliphatic polyester resin can be manufactured stably and efficiently. Thereby, an aliphatic polyester molded article of good quality can be obtained.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of an esterification reaction step in the method for producing an aliphatic polyester according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing one embodiment of a polycondensation step in the method for producing an aliphatic polyester according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing one embodiment of a polycondensation distillation step in the method for producing an aliphatic polyester according to the present invention.
- the aliphatic polyester produced by the production method of the present invention is a polyester mainly composed of an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid and an aliphatic diol, and is produced by an esterification reaction followed by a melt polycondensation reaction.
- “mainly composed of aliphatic dicarboxylic acid and aliphatic diol” means 50 mol% or more, preferably 70 mol% or more, most preferably 85 mol% of all dicarboxylic acid components constituting the polyester of the present invention.
- % Or more is an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, and 85 mol% or more of all diol components constituting the polyester of the present invention is an aliphatic diol.
- Aliphatic polyester raw material Specific examples of the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid component that is a raw material for aliphatic polyester include oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, and suberic acid. , Azelaic acid, sebacic acid, undecadicarboxylic acid, dodecadicarboxylic acid, dimer acid, hexahydrophthalic acid, hexahydroisophthalic acid, hexahydroterephthalic acid, etc., and these anhydrides such as succinic anhydride are also used it can. These aliphatic dicarboxylic acids may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- succinic acid is preferable from the viewpoint of physical properties of the obtained polyester, and succinic acid is particularly preferable.
- Succinic acid is preferably 50 mol% or more, more preferably 70 mol% or more, based on the total aliphatic dicarboxylic acid from the viewpoint of the melting point (heat resistance), biodegradability and mechanical properties of the resulting aliphatic polyester. Most preferably, it is 90 mol% or more.
- an aromatic dicarboxylic acid may be used in combination as the dicarboxylic acid component.
- Specific examples of the aromatic dicarboxylic acid include terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, diphenyl. And dicarboxylic acid.
- Aromatic dicarboxylic acids may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- aliphatic diol component that is another raw material of the aliphatic polyester
- ethylene glycol 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, and 1,5-pentane.
- 1,4-butanediol is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of physical properties of the obtained polyester.
- 1,4-butanediol is preferably 50 mol% or more, more preferably 70 mol% or more, based on the total aliphatic diol, from the viewpoint of the melting point (heat resistance), biodegradability, and mechanical properties of the resulting aliphatic polyester. Is more preferably 90 mol% or more.
- the aliphatic polyester may contain other components other than the dicarboxylic acid component and the aliphatic diol component.
- other copolymer components include lactic acid, glycolic acid, hydroxybutyric acid, hydroxycaproic acid, 2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutyric acid, 2-hydroxy-3-methylbutyric acid, 2-hydroxyisocaproic acid , Malic acid, citric acid, and oxycarboxylic acids such as esters, lactones, and oxycarboxylic acid polymers of these oxycarboxylic acids; unsaturated carboxylic acids such as maleic acid and fumaric acid; glycerin, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, etc.
- Trifunctional or higher polyhydric alcohols propanetricarboxylic acid, pyromellitic acid, trimellitic acid benzophenone tetracarboxylic acid and their trihydric polyhydric carboxylic acids or their anhydrides; hexamethylene diisocyanate, trimethylhexamethylene Diisocyanate Diisocyanate compound, etc. and the like.
- polyfunctional compounds such as trifunctional or higher oxycarboxylic acids, trifunctional or higher polyhydric alcohols, trifunctional or higher polyvalent carboxylic acids, and diisocyanate compounds can be added as small amounts as a copolymerization component. Since it is obtained, it is preferable. Of these, oxycarboxylic acids such as malic acid and citric acid are preferred, and malic acid is particularly preferred.
- the amount is preferably 0.001 to 5 mol%, more preferably 0.05 to 0.5 mol%, based on the total dicarboxylic acid component. is there.
- the aliphatic polyester component described above may be produced from biomass resources.
- a reaction catalyst can be added by an esterification reaction or a polycondensation reaction in order to promote the reaction.
- esterification reaction a sufficient reaction rate can be obtained even without a catalyst.
- a catalyst is preferably used in a polycondensation reaction.
- the same polycondensation catalyst as described later can be used, and among these, a titanium compound, a zirconium compound, and a germanium compound are preferable.
- a compound containing at least one of the metal elements of Groups 1 to 14 of the periodic table is generally used.
- metal elements include scandium, yttrium, samarium, titanium, zirconium, vanadium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, tin, antimony, cerium, germanium, zinc, cobalt, manganese, iron, aluminum, magnesium, calcium, Examples include strontium, sodium and potassium. Among them, scandium, yttrium, titanium, zirconium, vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten, zinc, iron, and germanium are preferable, and titanium, zirconium, tungsten, iron, and germanium are particularly preferable.
- metal elements of Group 3 to 6 of the periodic table showing Lewis acidity are preferable.
- scandium, titanium, zirconium, vanadium, molybdenum, and tungsten are preferable, and titanium and zirconium are particularly preferable because they are easily available.
- a compound containing an organic group such as a carboxylate salt, an alkoxy salt, an organic sulfonate salt, or a ⁇ -diketonate salt containing these metal elements, and further, an oxide or halide of the above-described metal, etc.
- organic groups such as a carboxylate salt, an alkoxy salt, an organic sulfonate salt, or a ⁇ -diketonate salt containing these metal elements, and further, an oxide or halide of the above-described metal, etc.
- Inorganic compounds and mixtures thereof are preferably used.
- layered silicates include kaolins such as dickite, nacrite, kaolinite, anorokite, metahalloysite, halloysite, serpentine groups such as chrysotile, lizardite, antigolite, montmorillonite, zauconite, beidellite, Smectites such as nontronite, saponite, hectorite, stevensite, vermiculites such as vermiculite, mica, illite, sericite, mica such as sea green stone, attapulgite, sepiolite, palygorskite, bentonite, pyrophyllite, talc And chlorite group.
- kaolins such as dickite, nacrite, kaolinite, anorokite, metahalloysite, halloysite, serpentine groups such as chrysotile, lizardite, antigolite, montmorillonite, zauconite, beidellite, S
- the catalyst is preferably a compound that is liquid at the time of polycondensation or is soluble in an ester low polymer or polyester because it has a high polymerization rate when melted or dissolved during polycondensation.
- the polycondensation is preferably carried out without a solvent, but separately from this, a small amount of solvent may be used to dissolve the catalyst.
- Examples of the solvent for dissolving the catalyst include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and butanol, diols such as ethylene glycol, butanediol, and pentanediol, ethers such as diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran, and nitriles such as acetonitrile. , Hydrocarbon compounds such as heptane and toluene, water and mixtures thereof, and the like. The amount used is such that the catalyst concentration is usually 0.0001 mass% or more and 99 mass% or less.
- a tetraalkyl titanate and a hydrolyzate thereof are preferable.
- tetra-n-propyl titanate, tetraisopropyl titanate, tetra-n-butyl titanate, tetra-t-butyl titanate, tetraphenyl titanate examples include tetracyclohexyl titanate, tetrabenzyl titanate and mixed titanates thereof, and hydrolysates thereof.
- titanium (oxy) acetylacetonate, titanium tetraacetylacetonate, titanium (diisoproxide) acetylacetonate, titanium bis (ammonium lactate) dihydroxide, titanium bis (ethylacetoacetate) diisopropoxide, titanium (triethanolaminate) Isopropoxide, polyhydroxy titanium stearate, titanium lactate, titanium triethanolamate, butyl titanate dimer and the like are also preferably used.
- the liquid substance obtained by mixing alcohol, an alkaline-earth metal compound, a phosphate ester compound, and a titanium compound is also used.
- tetra-n-propyl titanate, tetraisopropyl titanate and tetra-n-butyl titanate titanium (oxy) acetylacetonate, titanium tetraacetylacetonate, titanium bis (ammonium lactate) dihydroxide, polyhydroxytitanium stearate , Titanium lactate, butyl titanate dimer, and liquid obtained by mixing alcohol, alkaline earth metal compound, phosphate ester compound, and titanium compound, preferably tetra-n-butyl titanate, titanium (oxy) acetyl Acetonate, titanium tetraacetylacetonate, polyhydroxy titanium stearate, titanium lactate, butyl titanate dimer, alcohol, alkaline earth metal compound, phosphoric acid ester More preferred are liquids obtained by mixing tellurium compounds and titanium compounds, especially tetra-n-butyl titanate, polyhydroxytitanium stearate, titanium (oxy)
- zirconium compound examples include zirconium tetraacetate, zirconium acetate hydroxide, zirconium tris (butoxy) stearate, zirconyl diacetate, zirconium oxalate, zirconyl oxalate, zirconium ammonium oxalate, potassium potassium oxalate, poly Examples include hydroxyzirconium stearate, zirconium ethoxide, zirconium tetra-n-propoxide, zirconium tetraisopropoxide, zirconium tetra-n-butoxide, zirconium tetra-t-butoxide, zirconium tributoxyacetylacetonate and mixtures thereof.
- germanium compound examples include inorganic germanium compounds such as germanium oxide and germanium chloride, and organic germanium compounds such as tetraalkoxygermanium.
- germanium oxide, tetraethoxygermanium, tetrabutoxygermanium, and the like are preferable, and germanium oxide is particularly preferable.
- metal-containing compounds include scandium carbonate, scandium acetate, scandium chloride, scandium compounds such as scandium acetylacetonate, yttrium carbonate, yttrium chloride, yttrium acetate, yttrium acetate such as yttrium acetylacetonate, vanadium chloride, and vanadium trichloride.
- phosphoric compounds such as orthophosphoric acid, tris (triethylene glycol) phosphate, ethyl diethyl phosphonoacetate, ethyl acid phosphate, triethylene glycol acid phosphate, phosphorous acid and the like coexist as stabilizers. You may let them.
- the amount of catalyst added in the case of using a metal compound as the polycondensation catalyst is usually 0.1 ppm or more, preferably 0.5 ppm or more, more preferably 1 ppm or more, and the upper limit as the amount of metal relative to the produced polyester. Is usually 3000 ppm or less, preferably 1000 ppm or less, more preferably 250 ppm or less, and particularly preferably 130 ppm or less. Too much catalyst is not only economically disadvantageous, but the reason is not yet clear, but the carboxyl group terminal concentration in the polyester may increase, so the carboxyl group terminal amount and residual catalyst concentration The increase in the temperature may reduce the thermal stability and hydrolysis resistance of the polyester. On the other hand, if the amount is too small, the polymerization activity is lowered, and accordingly, thermal decomposition of the polyester is induced during the production of the polyester, making it difficult to obtain a polyester having practically useful physical properties.
- the addition position of the catalyst to the reaction system is not particularly limited as long as it is before the melt polycondensation reaction step, and may be added at the time of charging the raw material, but the catalyst is present in a situation where a lot of water is present or generated. Coexisting with the catalyst may deactivate the catalyst and cause foreign substances to precipitate, which may impair the quality of the product. Therefore, it is preferably added after the esterification reaction step.
- various additives may be used as long as the properties of the obtained polyester are not impaired.
- a crystallization nucleating agent such as talc, polyethylene, polypropylene, organic sulfonate, or organic carboxylate may be added during the esterification reaction or melt polycondensation.
- a heat stabilizer, an antioxidant, a crystal nucleating agent, a flame retardant, an antistatic agent, a release agent, an ultraviolet absorber and the like may be added during the esterification or polycondensation reaction.
- reinforcing agents such as glass fiber, carbon fiber, titanium whisker, mica, talc, CaCO 3 , TiO 2 , and silica are added and molded. You can also Moreover, as long as the characteristics of the resin of the present invention, such as biodegradable polymers and thermoplastic resins, are not impaired, these resins may be mixed and molded as a composition. A known range may be applied to the mixing ratio of the additive and the resin.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment of an esterification reaction step in the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment of a polycondensation step in the present invention
- FIG. 3 is one of polycondensation distillation steps. It is the schematic which shows embodiment.
- succinic acid and malic acid as raw materials are usually mixed with 1,4-butanediol in a raw material mixing tank (not shown), and are supplied from the raw material supply line 1 in the form of slurry or liquid to the esterification reaction tank A. To be supplied.
- a 1,4-butanediol solution is prepared in a catalyst adjustment tank (not shown) and then supplied from the esterification reaction tank catalyst supply line 3.
- the charged molar ratio of 1,4-butanediol to succinic acid is usually 0.95 to 2.0, preferably 1.0 to 1.7, more preferably 1.05 to 1.40. Further, the mol% of malic acid charged to succinic acid is preferably 0.05 to 0.50 mol%.
- the esterification reaction is performed in one esterification reaction tank A, but can also be performed in a plurality of continuous reaction tanks.
- the lower limit of the esterification reaction temperature is usually 150 ° C or higher, preferably 180 ° C or higher, and the upper limit is usually 260 ° C or lower, preferably 250 ° C or lower.
- the reaction atmosphere is usually an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen or argon.
- the reaction pressure is usually 10 kPa to 150 kPa, but normal pressure is preferred.
- the reaction time is usually 1 hour or longer, and the upper limit is usually 10 hours or shorter, preferably 4 hours or shorter.
- esterification reaction tank A used in the present invention a known one can be used, and any of a vertical stirring complete mixing tank, a vertical heat convection mixing tank, a tower type continuous reaction tank, etc. may be used. Moreover, it is good also as a multiple tank which made the tank of the same kind or a different kind in series also as a single tank. Among them, a reaction tank having a stirrer is preferable.
- stirrer in addition to a normal type including a power unit and a bearing, a shaft, and a stirring blade, a turbine stator type high-speed rotating stirrer, a disk mill type stirrer, a rotor mill type stirrer, and the like
- a turbine stator type high-speed rotating stirrer in addition to a normal type including a power unit and a bearing, a shaft, and a stirring blade, a turbine stator type high-speed rotating stirrer, a disk mill type stirrer, a rotor mill type stirrer, and the like
- the type that rotates at a high speed can also be used.
- stirring there is no limitation on the form of stirring, and in addition to the normal stirring method in which the reaction liquid in the reaction tank is directly stirred from the top, bottom, side, etc. of the reaction tank, a part of the reaction liquid is piped outside the reaction tank, etc.
- the reaction solution can be circulated using a line mixer and stirred with a line mixer.
- stirring blades known types can be selected, and specific examples include propeller blades, screw blades, turbine blades, fan turbine blades, disk turbine blades, fiddler blades, full zone blades, Max blend blades, and the like.
- the gas distilled from the esterification reaction tank A is separated into a high-boiling component and a low-boiling component in the rectifying column C via the distillation line 5.
- the main component of the high boiling component is 1,4-butanediol
- the main components of the low boiling component are water and tetrahydrofuran.
- the high-boiling components separated in the rectification column C are extracted from the extraction line 6, are partly circulated from the recirculation line 2 to the reaction tank A via the pump D, and are partly purified from the circulation line 7. Returned to the tower C. The surplus is extracted from the extraction line 8 to the outside.
- the light boiling component separated in the rectifying column C is extracted from the gas extraction line 9, condensed in the condenser G, and temporarily stored in the tank F through the condensate line 10. A part of the light boiling components collected in the tank F is returned to the rectification column C via the extraction line 11, the pump E and the circulation line 12, and the remaining part is extracted outside via the extraction line 13.
- the condenser G is connected to an exhaust device (not shown) via a vent line 14.
- the esterification reaction product generated in the reaction tank A is supplied to the first polycondensation reaction tank a via the extraction pump B and the extraction line 4 for the esterification reaction product.
- the esterification tank catalyst supply line 3 is connected to the recycle 1,2-butanediol recycle line 2 and mixed to be supplied to the liquid phase part of the reaction tank A. Is shown, but both may be independent.
- the raw material supply line 1 may be connected to the liquid phase part of the reaction tank A.
- it is adjusted to a predetermined concentration in a preparation tank (not shown) and then extracted through the catalyst supply line L11 in FIG. Supplied to line 4.
- the esterification reaction product supplied from the extraction line 4 to the first polycondensation reaction tank a shown in FIG. 2 is polycondensed under reduced pressure to become a polyester low polymer, and then the extraction gear pump c and the outlet flow It is supplied to the second polycondensation reaction tank d through an extraction line L1 which is a passage.
- the polycondensation reaction is usually further advanced at a lower pressure than the first polycondensation reaction tank a.
- the obtained polycondensate is supplied to the third polycondensation reaction tank k through the extraction gear pump e and the extraction line L3 which is an outlet flow path, where the polycondensation reaction further proceeds.
- the polycondensation reaction tanks a, d, k are equipped with a decompression device such as a vacuum pump or an ejector for maintaining the internal pressure at a reaction pressure of atmospheric pressure or lower.
- the decompression extraction piping connected to the decompression device is connected to the distillation pipes L2, L4, and L6, and the inside of the reaction vessels a, d, and k is decompressed through these.
- the lower limit of the reaction pressure of the third polycondensation reaction tank k is usually 0.01 kPa or more, preferably 0.03 kPa or more, and the upper limit is usually 1.4 kPa or less, preferably 0.4 kPa or less.
- the method of producing using an ultra-high vacuum polycondensation facility is a preferred embodiment from the viewpoint of improving the polycondensation reaction rate, but it is economically disadvantageous because it requires an extremely expensive equipment investment.
- the lower limit of the reaction temperature is usually 150 ° C or higher, preferably 180 ° C or higher, and the upper limit is usually 270 ° C or lower, preferably 260 ° C or lower.
- the reaction temperature is usually 1 hour or longer, and the upper limit is usually 15 hours or shorter, preferably 8 hours or shorter, more preferably 6 hours or shorter.
- reaction time is too short, the reaction is insufficient and it is difficult to obtain a polyester having a high degree of polymerization, and the mechanical properties of the molded product tend to be poor.
- reaction time is too long, the molecular weight drop due to thermal decomposition of the polyester becomes remarkable, and not only the mechanical properties of the molded product tend to be inferior, but also the carboxyl group terminal amount that adversely affects the durability of the polyester resin. May increase due to degradation.
- the type of the polycondensation reaction tank used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a vertical stirring polymerization tank, a horizontal stirring polymerization tank, and a thin film evaporation polymerization tank.
- the polycondensation reaction tank may be a single tank or a plurality of tanks in which a plurality of tanks of the same kind or different kinds are connected in series as shown in the figure. In the latter stage of polycondensation in which the temperature rises, it is preferable to select a horizontal stirring polymerization machine having a thin film evaporation function excellent in interface renewability, plug flow property and self-cleaning property.
- the first polycondensation reaction tank a is a vertical stirring polymerization tank
- the second polycondensation reaction tank d and the third polycondensation reaction tank k are composed of a plurality of stirring blade blocks, and This is a horizontal polycondensation tank equipped with a cleaning type stirring blade.
- the reaction product in which the polycondensation reaction has proceeded in the third polycondensation reaction tank k is the strand melted from the die head g through the extraction gear pump m and the filter n installed in the extraction line L5 which is the outlet channel. After being extracted in a form and cooled with water or the like, it is cut with a rotary cutter h to become a pellet.
- the filter n installed in the extraction line L5 has a role of removing foreign substances in the reaction product, and is preferably installed in order to reduce foreign substances in the obtained polyester.
- the installation location of the filter n is not limited to the illustrated position, and extends from the extraction line 4 to the die head g through the first polycondensation reaction tank a, the second polycondensation reaction tank d, and the third polycondensation reaction tank k. It suffices if it is installed in at least one place in the reactant flow path.
- a generally known filter can be used as the filter n, but is appropriately selected according to the viscosity of the fluid passing therethrough.
- a filter capable of filtering a fluid having a melt viscosity of about several tens to 100 poises may be used. Requires a filter capable of filtering a fluid having a melt viscosity of several thousand poises or more.
- filter media for example, several fine meshes that determine filtration accuracy, reinforcing meshes and protective meshes are stacked, laminated metal meshes that are completely integrated by sintering, and felts made of stainless steel metal fibers. And sintered metal nonwoven fabrics.
- the shape of the filter includes basket type, disc type, leaf disc type, tube type, flat cylindrical type, and pleated cylindrical type.
- These filters can be appropriately selected and used according to the conditions such as the viscosity, pressure and temperature of the fluid at the installation location, but when installing a low polymer having a low melt viscosity at the location to be filtered, the washing properties, etc.
- Tube type or flat cylindrical type is preferable from the standpoint of, and when installing polyester with high melt viscosity, the leaf disk type or pleated cylindrical type from the viewpoint of pressure resistance and processing flow rate per unit area Is preferred.
- the absolute filtration accuracy of these filters is such that the lower limit is usually 0.5 ⁇ m or more and the upper limit is usually 100 ⁇ m or less, preferably 70 ⁇ m or less in terms of filtration efficiency, etc.
- the range of 0.5 to 30 ⁇ m is more preferable, and in the case of filtration of polyester having a high melt viscosity, the range of 5 to 50 ⁇ m is more preferable.
- by-products such as by-product aliphatic diol, water, and cyclic dimer generated during the polycondensation reaction are distilled out of the reaction vessels a, d, and k through the distillation pipes L2, L4, and L6.
- these by-products are transferred from the reaction tanks a, d, and k to the boiling point t1 (° C.) of the by-product aliphatic diol at the pressure in the reaction tanks a, d, and k, and the reaction tanks a and d.
- T When T is t1 or less, these by-products, which hinder the polycondensation reaction, are difficult to distill, and cyclic dimers adhere to the walls of the distilling pipes L2, L4, L6 and solidify to block them. This is inconvenient because it tends to cause problems in manufacturing.
- T when T is t2 or more, the reactants and the distillate that are splashed from the reaction tanks a, d, and k and adhere to the distilling tube wall are easily decomposed into foreign matters.
- the temperature T of the distillation pipe wall surface can be controlled, for example, by passing a heating medium through a jacket laid outside the distillation pipe and controlling the temperature of the heating medium.
- the temperature of the heating medium can be regarded as the temperature T of the distillation pipe wall surface.
- the internal temperature t2 of reaction tank a, d, k can be measured from the temperature detection end with a sheath inserted in the liquid tank part of reaction tank a, d, k. From the viewpoint of the distillation efficiency of the distillate, it is preferable that T is 150 ° C. or higher, that is, the following formula (2) is satisfied.
- T 150 (° C.) ⁇ T ⁇ t2 (2)
- the lower limit of T is more preferably 170 ° C. or higher, and most preferably 190 ° C. or higher.
- a by-product distilled through the distillation pipes L2, L4, and L6 includes a condenser for condensing the by-product cyclic dimer and a condenser for condensing the by-product aliphatic diol (hereinafter referred to as a condenser). May be referred to as a condenser).
- the condensation of the by-product cyclic dimer and the condensation of the by-product aliphatic diol may be performed in separate condensers or a single condenser. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the condensation of the by-product cyclic dimer and the condensation of the by-product aliphatic diol are on the downstream side (the pressure reducing device side) of the distillation pipe L2.
- the by-product condensation is performed mainly in the condensers Q1 and R1 for condensing the by-product cyclic dimer, and mainly in the wet condenser P1, respectively. This is performed with two condensers Q3 and R3 for condensing by-product aliphatic diol.
- the distillate distilled from the distillation pipe L2 is guided to the wet condenser P1.
- the liquid cooled by the heat exchanger P4 is supplied from the circulation line 22, and comes into contact with the distillate introduced from the distilling pipe L2, thereby by-product aliphatic diol, water, and cyclic 2 amount
- the body is condensed in the liquid.
- the liquid is supplied from the liquid supply line 21 to the liquid tank P2, and then supplied to the heat exchanger P4 via the pump P3.
- the liquid supplied from the liquid supply line 21 is preferably 1,4-butanediol.
- the component condensed in the wet condenser P1 is collected in the liquid tank P2 together with the circulating liquid, and the surplus is extracted out of the system through the pump P3 and the extraction line 23.
- the remaining liquid is introduced into the heat exchanger P4 and circulates again through the circulation line 22 to the wet condenser P1.
- the components that have not been condensed are led to a vacuum deaerator (not shown) through the vent line L7.
- the distillate distilled from the distillation pipes L4 and L6 is once led to the dry condensers Q1 and R1.
- condensation of the by-product cyclic dimer is performed.
- the cyclic dimer is preferably condensed at a condensation temperature not lower than the melting point and not higher than the boiling point of the cyclic dimer at the reaction pressure, and is preferably extracted from the dry capacitors Q1 and R1 in a liquid state.
- the cyclic dimer condensed in the dry condensers Q1 and R1 is collected in the liquid tanks Q2 and R2, and is supplied to the esterification reaction through the recycle line L10 to the esterification reaction tank A.
- the cyclic dimer is ring-opened under esterification reaction conditions, and becomes a raw material for the aliphatic polyester. Therefore, it is preferable to use the extracted cyclic dimer for the esterification reaction as in this embodiment because the by-product cyclic dimer can be effectively used as a raw material, and the raw material cost can be reduced.
- the components of the distillate that have not been condensed in the dry condensers Q1 and R1 are guided to the wet condensers Q3 and R3.
- the liquid cooled by the heat exchangers Q6 and R6 is supplied from the circulation lines 25 and 28 and comes into contact with the distillate, so that mainly by-product aliphatic diol is condensed in the liquid.
- the liquid is supplied from the liquid supply lines 24 and 27 to the liquid tanks Q4 and R4, and then supplied to the heat exchangers Q6 and R6 via the pumps Q5 and R5.
- the components condensed in the wet condensers Q3 and R3 are collected in the liquid tanks Q4 and R4 together with the circulating liquid, and the surplus is extracted out of the system through the pumps Q5 and R5 and the extraction lines 26 and 29.
- the remaining liquid is introduced into the heat exchangers Q6 and R6, and circulates again through the circulation lines 25 and 28 to the wet condensers Q3 and R3.
- the components that are not condensed are led to a vacuum deaerator (not shown) through vent lines L8 and L9.
- the aliphatic polyester obtained by the production method of the present invention is excellent in transparency and color tone, and further excellent in hydrolysis resistance and biodegradability, and can be produced at low cost.
- Suitable for Specific applications include injection molded products (for example, fresh food trays, fast food containers, outdoor leisure products, etc.), extruded products (films, sheets, etc., for example fishing lines, fishing nets, vegetation nets, water retaining sheets, etc.) , Hollow molded products (bottles, etc.), and other agricultural films, coating materials, fertilizer coating materials, laminate films, plates, stretched sheets, monofilaments, multifilaments, non-woven fabrics, flat yarns, staples, crimps Fiber, striped tape, split yarn, composite fiber, blow bottle, foam, shopping bag, garbage bag, compost bag, cosmetic container, detergent container, bleach container, rope, binding material, surgical thread, sanitary cover stock material It can be used for a cold box, a cushion material film, a synthetic paper, and the like.
- the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples.
- the present invention is not limited to the following examples as long as the gist thereof is not exceeded.
- adopted in the following examples is as follows.
- ⁇ Esterification rate> It calculated from the acid value and the saponification value by the following calculation formula (3).
- the acid value was obtained by heating 0.3 g of a sample of the esterification reaction product to 40 mL of benzyl alcohol at 180 ° C. for 20 minutes, cooling for 10 minutes, and titrating with a 0.1 mol ⁇ L ⁇ 1 KOH / methanol solution.
- the saponification value was determined by hydrolyzing the oligomer with a 0.5N KOH / ethanol solution and titrating with 0.5N hydrochloric acid.
- Esterification rate ((saponification value-acid value) / saponification value) ⁇ 100 (3)
- Terminal carboxyl content (ab) ⁇ 0.1 ⁇ f / w (5)
- a is the amount of benzyl alcohol solution of 0.1 mol ⁇ L ⁇ 1 sodium hydroxide required for titration ( ⁇ L)
- b is 0.1 mol ⁇ L ⁇ 1 water required for titration with a blank.
- w is the amount of polyester sample (g)
- f is the titer of 0.1 mol ⁇ L ⁇ 1 sodium hydroxide in benzyl alcohol.
- the titer (f) of a benzyl alcohol solution of 0.1 mol ⁇ L ⁇ 1 sodium hydroxide was determined by the following method.
- the titer (f) 0.1mol ⁇ L titer ⁇ amount of collected aqueous hydrochloric acid 0.1N aqueous hydrochloric acid -1 ([mu] L) of sodium hydroxide /0.1mol ⁇ L -1 benzyl alcohol solution titration Amount ( ⁇ L) (6)
- Example 1 [Preparation of catalyst solution] 100 parts by mass of magnesium acetate tetrahydrate was placed in a glass eggplant-shaped flask equipped with a stirrer, and 1500 parts by mass of absolute ethanol (purity 99% by mass or more) was further added. Further, 130.8 parts by mass of ethyl acid phosphate (mixing mass ratio of monoester and diester was 45:55) was added, and the mixture was stirred at 23 ° C. After confirming that magnesium acetate was completely dissolved after 15 minutes, 529.5 parts by mass of tetra-n-butyl titanate was added. Stirring was further continued for 10 minutes to obtain a uniform mixed solution.
- This mixed solution was transferred to an eggplant-shaped flask and concentrated under reduced pressure by an evaporator in an oil bath at 60 ° C. After 1 hour, most of ethanol was distilled off to obtain a translucent viscous liquid. The temperature of the oil bath was further raised to 80 ° C., and further concentrated under a reduced pressure of 5 Torr to obtain a viscous liquid.
- This liquid catalyst was dissolved in 1,4-butanediol to prepare a titanium atom content of 3.36% by mass. The storage stability of this catalyst solution in 1,4-butanediol was good, and no precipitate was observed for the catalyst solution stored at 40 ° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere for at least 40 days. The catalyst solution had a pH of 6.3.
- the internal temperature of the reaction vessel (A) is 230 ° C.
- the pressure is 101 kPa
- the produced water, tetrahydrofuran, and excess 1,4-butanediol are distilled from the distillation line (5), and the rectifying column (C) It separated into a high boiling component and a low boiling component.
- the high-boiling component at the bottom of the column after the system is stabilized is 98% by mass or more of 1,4-butanediol, so that the liquid level in the rectification column (C) is constant. A part of it was extracted outside.
- a low boiling component mainly composed of water and THF is extracted in the form of gas from the top of the column, condensed by a condenser (G), and an extraction line (13) so that the liquid level of the tank (F) becomes constant. More extracted outside.
- a certain amount of the oligomer generated in the reaction tank (A) is extracted from the oligomer extraction line (4) using the pump (B), and the residence time in terms of succinic acid unit of the liquid in the reaction tank (A).
- the liquid level was controlled to be 3 hours.
- the oligomer extracted from the extraction line (4) was continuously supplied to the first polycondensation reaction tank (a). After the system was stabilized, the esterification rate of the reaction product collected at the outlet of the esterification reaction tank (A) was 90.6%.
- the catalyst solution prepared in advance by the above-described method was further diluted with 1,4-butanediol to adjust the concentration as titanium atoms to 0.17% by mass.
- This liquid was supplied at 1.0 kg / h to the esterification reaction product extraction line (4) through the catalyst supply line (L11) shown in FIG.
- the initial polycondensation reaction was performed by controlling the liquid level so that the internal temperature of the first polycondensation reaction tank (a) was 240 ° C. and the pressure was 2.67 kPa, and the residence time was 2 hours.
- the extracted reaction liquid was continuously supplied to the second polycondensation reaction tank (d).
- the internal temperature of the second polycondensation reaction tank (d) was 240 ° C.
- the pressure was 0.67 kPa
- the liquid level was controlled so that the residence time was 1.5 hours, and the polycondensation reaction was further advanced.
- the obtained polyester was continuously supplied to the third polycondensation reaction tank (k) via the extraction line (L3) by the extraction gear pump (e).
- the by-produced water, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-butanediol, and cyclic dimer pass through a double-tube distiller (L4) that is kept warm with a heat-medium jacket, and a part of the by-product in the dry condenser (Q1).
- the organism was condensed and the condensate was collected in the tank (Q2).
- the remaining by-products were led out and condensed to a wet condenser (Q3) using 1,4-butanediol, and the coagulated liquid was recovered from the extraction line (26).
- the vent line (L8) is connected to a decompressor (not shown).
- the wall surface temperature of the distillation pipe (L4) was controlled by setting the heating medium temperature to 200 ° C.
- the internal temperature of the dry condenser (Q1) was controlled by setting the medium temperature to 130 ° C.
- the internal temperature of the wet condenser (Q3) was controlled by setting the outlet liquid temperature of the heat exchanger (Q6) to 50 ° C.
- the internal temperature of the third polycondensation reaction tank (k) was 240 ° C., the pressure was 0.13 kPa, the liquid level was controlled so that the residence time was 1 hour, and the polycondensation reaction was further advanced.
- the obtained polyester is passed through a extraction line (L5) by an extraction gear pump (m), passed through a leaf disk type filter (n) using a laminated metal nonwoven fabric having an absolute filtration accuracy of 40 ⁇ m as a filter medium, and a die head ( An aliphatic polyester pellet was produced by extracting the strand from g) into a strand shape and cutting with a pelletizer (h).
- the by-produced water, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-butanediol, and cyclic dimer pass through a double-tube distiller (L6) that has been heat-insulated with a heat medium jacket, and a part of the by-product in the dry condenser (R1).
- the organism was condensed and the condensate was collected in the tank (R2).
- the remaining by-products were led out and condensed to a wet condenser (R3) using 1,4-butanediol, and the coagulated liquid was recovered from the extraction line (29).
- the vent line (L9) is connected to a decompressor (not shown).
- the wall surface temperature of the distillation pipe (L6) was controlled by setting the heating medium temperature to 200 ° C.
- the internal temperature of the dry condenser (R1) was controlled by setting the medium temperature to 130 ° C.
- the internal temperature of the wet condenser (R3) was controlled by setting the outlet liquid temperature of the heat exchanger (R6) to 50 ° C.
- the by-product (99% by mass of cyclic dimer, 1% by mass of 1,4-butanediol) collected in the agglomerate tank (Q2, R2) of the dry condenser was doubled with heat medium jacket insulation (130 ° C.). It supplied to the esterification reaction tank (A) at 0.11 kg / h via piping (L10).
- Table 1 shows the operating conditions and the pellet quality evaluation results collected after one week of operation.
- Example 2 (I) Water, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-butanediol and cyclic dimer by-produced in the second polycondensation reaction tank (d) are directly passed through 1,4-butanediol without passing through the dry condenser (Q1). Derived to a wet condenser (Q3) using (II) Water, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-butanediol and cyclic dimer by-produced in the third polycondensation reaction tank (k) are directly passed through the 1,4-butanediol without passing through the dry condenser (R1).
- Example 3 Aliphatic polyester pellets were produced in the same manner as in Example 2, except that the filter (n) was not installed in the reactant extraction line of the third polycondensation reaction tank (k). As in Example 2, since the heat exchangers (Q6, R6) of the wet condenser were blocked, switching was made to a spare machine (not shown) at a frequency of once / day, and washing was repeated. Table 1 shows the operating conditions and the pellet quality evaluation results collected after one week of operation.
- Example 4 Heat is used to change the wall temperature of each distillation pipe (L2, L4, L6) of the first polycondensation reaction tank (a), the second polycondensation reaction tank (d), and the third polycondensation reaction tank (k).
- Aliphatic polyester pellets were produced in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the medium temperature was controlled at 150 ° C.
- the heat exchangers (Q6, R6) of the wet condenser were blocked, switching was made to a spare machine (not shown) at a frequency of once / day, and washing was repeated.
- Table 1 shows the operating conditions and the pellet quality evaluation results collected after one week of operation.
- Example 2 in which condensation of by-product cyclic dimer and condensation of by-product aliphatic diol was performed with one wet condenser without using a dry condenser, a polyester having the same quality as that produced in Example 1 was obtained. Although obtained, the heat exchanger of the wet condenser was clogged. Moreover, although the polyester obtained in Example 3 or Example 4 in which no filter was installed had no problem in practical use, an increase in the amount of foreign matter was observed as compared with Examples 1 and 2.
- the present invention foreign substances in the aliphatic polyester resin can be reduced. Therefore, blockage hardly occurs in the manufacturing process, and the aliphatic polyester resin can be manufactured stably and efficiently. Thereby, an aliphatic polyester molded article of good quality can be obtained. Therefore, the industrial value of the present invention is remarkable.
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Abstract
Description
2:再循環ライン
3:触媒供給ライン
4:エステル化反応物の抜出ライン
5:留出ライン
6:抜出ライン
7:循環ライン
8:抜出ライン
9:ガス抜出ライン
10:凝縮液ライン
11:抜出ライン
12:循環ライン
13:抜出ライン
14:ベントライン
A:エステル化反応槽
B:抜出ポンプ
C:精留塔
D、E:ポンプ
F:タンク
G:コンデンサー
L1、L3、L5:反応物抜出ライン
L2、L4、L6:留出管
L7、L8、L9:ベントライン
L10:捕集液のエステル化反応槽へのリサイクルライン
L11:触媒供給ライン
a:第1重縮合反応槽
d:第2重縮合反応槽
k:第3重縮合反応槽
c、e、m:抜出用ギヤポンプ
n:フィルター
g:ダイスヘッド
h:回転式カッター
P1、Q3、R3:湿式コンデンサー
P2、Q4、R4:液タンク
P3、Q5、R5:ポンプ
P4、Q6、R6:熱交換器
Q1、R1:乾式コンデンサー
Q2、R2:液タンク
21、24、27:液体供給ライン
22、25、28:循環ライン
23、26、29:抜出ライン
脂肪族ポリエステルの原料である脂肪族ジカルボン酸成分としては、具体的には、例えば、シュウ酸、マロン酸、コハク酸、グルタル酸、アジピン酸、ピメリン酸、スベリン酸、アゼライン酸、セバシン酸、ウンデカジカルボン酸、ドデカジカルボン酸、ダイマー酸、ヘキサヒドロフタル酸、ヘキサヒドロイソフタル酸、ヘキサヒドロテレフタル酸などが挙げられ、さらにコハク酸無水物などこれらの無水物も使用できる。これら脂肪族ジカルボン酸は、単独で用いても2種以上併用してもよい。これらの中でも、得られるポリエステルの物性の面から、コハク酸、アジピン酸、セバシン酸が好ましく、特にはコハク酸が好ましい。コハク酸は得られる脂肪族ポリエステルの融点(耐熱性)、生分解性、力学特性の観点から全脂肪族ジカルボン酸に対して50モル%以上であることが好ましく、70モル%以上がより好ましく、特に好ましくは90モル%以上である。
以下に、脂肪族ジカルボン酸としてコハク酸、脂肪族ジオールとして1,4-ブタンジオール、多官能化合物としてリンゴ酸を原料とした、本発明にかかる脂肪族ポリエステルの製造方法の好ましい実施態様について、添付図面の参照符号を付記しつつ説明するが、本発明は図示の形態に限定されるものではない。
Tの下限は、さらに好ましくは170℃以上、最も好ましくは190℃以上である。
試料0.1gをケルダールフラスコ中で硫酸存在下、過酸化水素で湿式分解の後、蒸留水にて定容したものについて、プラズマ発光分光分析装置(JOBIN YVON社製ICP-AES ULtrace JY-138U型)を用いて定量分析し、触媒中の金属含量(質量%)に換算した。
東亜DKK社製自動滴定装置(AUT-301型)を用い、大気下でpH電極を液状触媒に浸して測定した。
以下の計算式(3)によって酸価及びケン化価から算出した。酸価は、エステル化反応物試料0.3gをベンジルアルコール40mLに180℃で20分間加熱させ、10分間冷却した後、0.1mol・L―1のKOH/メタノール溶液で滴定して求めた。ケン化価は0.5NのKOH/エタノール溶液でオリゴマーを加水分解し、0.5Nの塩酸で滴定して求めた。
ウベローデ型粘度計を使用し次の要領で求めた。すなわち、フェノール/テトラクロロエタン(質量比1/1)の混合溶媒を使用し、30℃において、濃度0.5g/dLのポリマー溶液及び溶媒のみの落下秒数を測定し、以下の式(4)より求めた。
(ただし、ηSP=η/η0-1であり、ηは試料溶液落下秒数、η0は溶媒の落下秒数、Cは試料溶液濃度(g/dL)、KHはハギンズの定数である。KHは0.33を採用した。)
ペレット状ポリエステルを粉砕した後、熱風乾燥機にて140℃で15分間乾燥させ、デシケーター内で室温まで冷却した試料から、0.1gを精秤して試験管に採取し、ベンジルアルコール3mLを加えて、乾燥窒素ガスを吹き込みながら195℃、3分間で溶解させた。次いで、クロロホルム5cm3を徐々に加えて室温まで冷却した。この溶液にフェノールレッド指示薬を1~2滴加え、乾燥窒素ガスを吹き込みながら撹拌下に、0.1mol・L―1の水酸化ナトリウムのベンジルアルコール溶液で滴定し、黄色から赤色に変じた時点で終了とした。また、ブランクとして、ポリエステル試料を加えずに同様の操作を実施し、以下の式(5)によって末端カルボキシル基量(酸価)を算出した。
なお、0.1mol・L―1の水酸化ナトリウムのベンジルアルコール溶液の力価(f)は以下の方法で求めた。試験管にメタノール5cm3を採取し、フェノールレッドのエタノール溶液の指示薬として1~2滴加え、0.lmol・L―1の水酸化ナトリウムのベンジルアルコール溶液0.4cm3で変色点まで滴定し、次いで力価既知の0.1mol・L―1の塩酸水溶液を標準液として0.2cm3採取して加え、再度、0.1mol・L―1の水酸化ナトリウムのベンジルアルコール溶液で変色点まで滴定した(以上の操作は、乾燥窒素ガス吹き込み下で行った。)。そして、以下の式(6)によって力価(f)を算出した。
ペレット状ポリエステルを内径30mm、深さ12mmの円柱状の粉体測定用セルに充填し、測色色差計Z300A(日本電色工業(株)社製)を使用して、JIS Z8730の参考例1に記載されるLab表示系におけるハンターの色差式の色座標によるb値を、反射法により、測定セルを90度ずつ回転させて4箇所測定した値の単純平均値として求めた。
平均ペレット質量25mg/個となる長さ3~3.5mmの円筒形ペレット200gを用い、異物検査装置(ヒューブレイン社製PGI-III型)にて、ペレット表面の0.1mm以下の黒色異物を計測した。
[触媒溶液の調製]
撹拌装置付きのガラス製ナス型フラスコに酢酸マグネシウム・4水和物を100質量部入れ、更に1500質量部の無水エタノール(純度99質量%以上)を加えた。更にエチルアシッドホスフェート(モノエステル体とジエステル体の混合質量比は45:55)を130.8質量部加え、23℃で撹拌を行った。15分後に酢酸マグネシウムが完全に溶解したことを確認後、テトラ-n-ブチルチタネートを529.5質量部添加した。更に10分間撹拌を継続し、均一混合溶液を得た。この混合溶液を、ナス型フラスコに移し、60℃のオイルバス中でエバポレーターによって減圧下で濃縮を行った。1時間後に殆どのエタノールが留去され、半透明の粘稠な液体を得た。オイルバスの温度を更に80℃まで上昇させ、5Torrの減圧下で更に濃縮を行い粘稠な液体を得た。この液体状の触媒を、1,4-ブタンジオールに溶解させ、チタン原子含有量が3.36質量%となるよう調製した。この触媒溶液の1,4-ブタンジオール中における保存安定性は良好であり、窒素雰囲気下40℃で保存した触媒溶液は少なくとも40日間析出物の生成は認められなかった。また、この触媒溶液のpHは6.3であった。
図1に示すエステル化工程と図2及び図3に示す重縮合工程を通し、次の要領で脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂の製造を行った。先ず、コハク酸1.00モルに対して、1,4-ブタンジオール1.30モル及びリンゴ酸0.0033モルの割合で混合した60℃のスラリーをスラリー調製槽から原料供給ライン(1)を通じ、予め、エステル化率99%の脂肪族ポリエステルオリゴマーを充填し230℃に保持した攪拌機を有するエステル化反応槽(A)に、42kg/hとなるように連続的に供給した。同時に、再循環ライン(2)から100℃の精留塔(C)の塔底成分(98質量%以上が1,4-ブタンジオール)を3.0kg/hで供給した。
(I)第2重縮合反応槽(d)で副生した水、テトラヒドロフラン、1,4-ブタンジオール、環状2量体を乾式コンデンサー(Q1)を経由せず、直接に1,4-ブタンジオールを用いた湿式コンデンサー(Q3)へ導出させたこと、
(II)第3重縮合反応槽(k)で副生した水、テトラヒドロフラン、1,4-ブタンジオール、環状2量体を乾式コンデンサー(R1)を経由せず、直接に1,4-ブタンジオールを用いた湿式コンデンサー(R3)へ導出させたこと、
(III)第3重縮合反応槽(k)の反応物抜出ラインにフィルター(n)を設置しなかったこと、
以外は、実施例1と同様にして脂肪族ポリエステルペレットを製造した。ただし、湿式コンデンサーの熱交換器(Q6、R6)が閉塞したので、1回/日の頻度で予備機(図示せず)に切替え、洗浄を繰り返した。運転条件及び1週間運転後に採取したペレット品質評価結果を表1に示す。
第3重縮合反応槽(k)の反応物抜出ラインにフィルター(n)を設置しなかったこと以外は、実施例2と同様にして脂肪族ポリエステルペレットを製造した。実施例2と同様、湿式コンデンサーの熱交換器(Q6、R6)が閉塞したので、1回/日の頻度で予備機(図示せず)に切り替え、洗浄を繰り返した。運転条件及び1週間運転後に採取したペレット品質評価結果を表1に示す。
第1重縮合反応槽(a)、第2重縮合反応槽(d)、第3重縮合反応槽(k)の各留出管(L2、L4、L6)の壁面温度を変更するために熱媒温度を150℃に制御したこと以外は、実施例2と同様にして脂肪族ポリエステルペレットを製造した。実施例2と同様、湿式コンデンサーの熱交換器(Q6、R6)が閉塞したので、1回/日の頻度で予備機(図示せず)に切り替え、洗浄を繰り返した。運転条件及び1週間運転後に採取したペレット品質評価結果を表1に示す。
第1重縮合反応槽(a)、第2重縮合反応槽(d)、第3重縮合反応槽(k)の各留出管(L2、L4、L6)の壁面温度を変更するために熱媒温度を240℃に制御したこと以外は実施例3と同様にして脂肪族ポリエステルペレットを製造した。実施例3と同様、湿式コンデンサーの熱交換器(Q6、R6)が閉塞したので、1回/日の頻度で予備機(図示せず)に切り替え、洗浄を繰り返した。運転条件及び1週間運転後に採取したペレット品質評価結果を表1に示す。
第1重縮合反応槽(a)、第2重縮合反応槽(d)、第3重縮合反応槽(k)の各留出管(L2、L4、L6)の壁面温度を変更するために熱媒温度を260℃に制御したこと以外は、実施例3と同様にして脂肪族ポリエステルペレットを製造した。実施例3と同様、湿式コンデンサーの熱交換器(Q6、R6)が閉塞したので、1回/日の頻度で予備機(図示せず)に切り替え、洗浄を繰り返した。運転条件及び1週間運転後に採取したペレット品質評価結果を表1に示す。
本出願は、2007年12月27日出願の日本特許出願(特願2007-337887)に基づくものであり、その内容はここに参照として取り込まれる。
Claims (8)
- 連続した複数の反応槽を用い、エステル化反応と溶融重縮合反応を経てポリエステルを得る、脂肪族ジカルボン酸と脂肪族ジオールとを主成分とする脂肪族ポリエステルの製造方法であって、
反応によって生じる副生脂肪族ジオールを、
前記溶融重縮合反応を行う重縮合反応槽内の圧力における前記副生脂肪族ジオールの沸点t1(℃)と、前記重縮合反応槽から前記副生脂肪族ジオールを留出させる留出管の壁面温度T(℃)と、前記重縮合反応槽の内温t2(℃)との関係が、下記式(1)を満たすように、
留出させながら前記溶融重縮合反応を行うことを特徴とする脂肪族ポリエステルの製造方法。
t1<T<t2・・・(1) - 前記T(℃)と前記t2(℃)との関係が、更に下記式(2)を満たすことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の脂肪族ポリエステルの製造方法。
150(℃)≦T<t2・・・(2) - 前記脂肪族ジカルボン酸の50モル%以上がコハク酸であり、前記脂肪族ジオールが1,4-ブタンジオールであることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の脂肪族ポリエステルの製造方法。
- 前記脂肪族ポリエステルに3官能以上の多官能化合物を共重合成分として含有させることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の脂肪族ポリエステルの製造方法。
- 前記重縮合反応槽は、該重縮合反応槽内の圧力を大気圧以下の反応圧力に保つための減圧装置と、前記留出管から前記重縮合反応槽外に留出する前記副生脂肪族ジオールを凝縮するための凝縮器とを備える横型重縮合槽であることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の脂肪族ポリエステルの製造方法。
- 前記横型重縮合槽が、更に、前記留出管から前記重縮合反応槽外に留出する副生環状2量体を凝縮するための凝縮器を備えていることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の脂肪族ポリエステルの製造方法。
- 前記副生環状2量体を凝縮するための凝縮器から、前記副生環状2量体を抜きだし、これを前記エステル化反応に供することを特徴とする請求項6に記載の脂肪族ポリエステルの製造方法。
- 前記溶融重縮合反応における反応物の流路の少なくとも一箇所にフィルターを設置することを特徴とする請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の脂肪族ポリエステルの製造方法。
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US9416224B2 (en) | 2012-12-12 | 2016-08-16 | Lotte Fine Chemical Co., Ltd. | Method for continuous production of biodegradable aliphatic/aromatic polyester copolymer |
US9447233B2 (en) | 2012-12-12 | 2016-09-20 | Lotte Fine Chemical Co., Ltd. | Method for continuous production of biodegradable aliphatic/aromatic polyester copolymer |
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