Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
  • G02B1/04—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of organic materials, e.g. plastics
  • G02B1/041—Lenses
  • G02B1/043—Contact lenses
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
  • C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
  • C07F7/0834—Compounds having one or more O-Si linkage
  • C07F7/0838—Compounds with one or more Si-O-Si sequences
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F230/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing phosphorus, selenium, tellurium or a metal
  • C08F230/04—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing phosphorus, selenium, tellurium or a metal containing a metal
  • C08F230/08—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing phosphorus, selenium, tellurium or a metal containing a metal containing silicon
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
  • C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
  • C08F220/10—Esters
  • C08F220/26—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
  • C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
  • C08F220/10—Esters
  • C08F220/38—Esters containing sulfur
  • C08F220/387—Esters containing sulfur and containing nitrogen and oxygen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
  • C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
  • C08F220/52—Amides or imides
  • C08F220/54—Amides, e.g. N,N-dimethylacrylamide or N-isopropylacrylamide
  • C08F220/56—Acrylamide; Methacrylamide

Definitions

• Conventional silicone monomers are typically hydrophobic, making dissolution in aqueous solutions or hydrophilic solutions, such as e.g. poly(ethylene glycol)/ poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PEG/PVP), difficult. That is, conventional silicone prepolymers prepared from conventional silicone monomers lack satisfactory solubility.
• silicone prepolymers lacking polar silicone monomer residues are typically insoluble in PVP/PEG solution.
• silicone monomers having very low silicon monomer residue contents are typically insoluble in PVP/PEG solution.
• conventional silicone monomers having very low silicon monomer residue contents are typically insoluble in PVP/PEG because the total amount of silicone monomer is relatively small, can suffer from unsatisfactory oxygen permeability.
• the polymerization of conventional monomers when forming molded articles typically results in shrinkage, which may be as much as 20% by volume.
• the invention in one aspect, relates to silicon-based prepolymers.
• the invention relates to prepolymers that can overcome undesirable shrinkage, expansion, and related problems possessed by conventional silicone monomers and related conventional polymerization techniques by producing hydrogels from a crosslinkable prepolymer.
• the invention relates to prepolymers further comprising at least one polar moiety, thereby achieving satisfactory solubility in aqueous solutions or hydrophilic solutions.
• the invention relates to prepolymers that have a silicon content of from about 10% to about 30% by weight, of the prepolymer and a polar silicone-containing residue content of from about 30% to about 90% by weight of the prepolymer, thereby attaining a satisfactory oxygen permeability.
• the invention relates to polymers and molded articles produced from the disclosed prepolymers.
• the invention relates to methods for producing the disclosed prepolymers.
• the invention relates to products of the disclosed methods.
• Figure 1 shows a plot of R (1/Q) versus thickness (Im).
• Figure 2 shows an apparatus for oxygen permeability measurement.
• Figure 3 shows the structure of an electrode unit used to measure oxygen permeability.
• Figure 4 shows a schematic of an oxygen permeability measurement setup.
• Ranges can be expressed herein as from “about” one particular value, and/or to "about” another particular value. When such a range is expressed, another embodiment includes from the one particular value and/or to the other particular value. Similarly, when values are expressed as approximations, by use of the antecedent "about,” it will be understood that the particular value forms another embodiment. It will be further understood that the endpoints of each of the ranges are significant both in relation to the other endpoint, and independently of the other endpoint. It is also understood that there are a number of values disclosed herein, and that each value is also herein disclosed as "about” that particular value in addition to the value itself. For example, if the value “10” is disclosed, then “about 10" is also disclosed. It is also understood that each unit between two particular units are also disclosed. For example, if 10 and 15 are disclosed, then 11, 12, 13, and 14 are also disclosed.
• the term "residue" of a chemical species refers to the moiety that is the resulting product of the chemical species in a particular reaction scheme or subsequent formulation or chemical product, regardless of whether the moiety is actually obtained from the chemical species.
• an ethylene glycol residue in a polyester refers to one or more - OCH2CH2O- units in the polyester, regardless of whether ethylene glycol was used to prepare the polyester.
• a sebacic acid residue in a polyester refers to one or more - CO(CH 2 )SCO- moieties in the polyester, regardless of whether the residue is obtained by reacting sebacic acid or an ester thereof to obtain the polyester.
• copolymer refers to a polymer formed from two or more different repeating units (monomer residues).
• a copolymer can be an alternating copolymer, a random copolymer, a block copolymer, or a graft copolymer.
• prepolymer refers to a polymer of relatively low molecular weight, usually intermediate between that of the monomer and the final polymer or resin, which may be mixed with compounding additives, and which is capable of being hardened by further polymerization during or after a forming process.
• hydrophilic group refers to a moiety having an affinity for water or a hydrophilic solvent. Suitable examples include a residue of a hydrophilic monomer (e.g., 2-hydroxyethyl(meth)acrylate) and residues of residues of N 5 N- dimethylacrylamide, 2 -hydroxy ethyl methacrylate, N-vinylpyrrolidone, N-vinylformamide, N- vinylacetamide, (meth)acrylic acid, N-vinyl-2-piperidone, N-vinyl-2-caprolactam, N-vinyl-3- methyl-2-caprolactam, N-vinyl-3 -methyl -2 -piperidone, N-vinyl-4-methyl-2-piperidone, N- vinyl-4-methyl-2-caprolactam, N-vinyl-3 -ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-vinyl-4,5-dimethyl-2- pyrroli
• a hydrophilic monomer e.
• polymerizable residue refers to a chemical functionality capable of undergoing a polymerization reaction or cross-linking reaction to form a higher molecular weight compound and/or a more highly cross-linked structure. Suitable examples include methacryloyloxy groups, acryloyloxy groups, methacryl amide groups, acryl amide groups, styryl groups, vinyl groups, vinyl carbonate groups, vinyl carbamate groups, allyl carbonate groups, or allyl carbamate groups.
• siloxanyl refers to a structure having at least one Si-O-Si bond.
• siloxanyl group means a group having at least one Si-O-Si group
• siloxanyl compound means a compound having at least one Si-O-Si group.
• siloxanyl monomer refers to a siloxanyl compound having at least one polymerizable carbon-carbon unsaturated bond.
• the polymerizable carbon-carbon unsaturated bond can be part of an alkylacryloyl moiety (e.g., acryloyl or a methacryloyl moiety).
• alkylacrylic acid refers to acrylic acid, alkyl-substituted acrylic acids, salts thereof, and derivatives thereof.
• an alkylacrylic acid can be further substituted.
• an alkylacrylic acid is methacrylic acid.
• reduced pressure distillation refers to the act of purifying liquids through evaporating or boiling at a pressure lower than about atmospheric pressure (i.e., about 1000 mbar or about 760 Torr), so that the gaseous vapors condense to a pure liquid. Pollutants and contaminants typically remain in a concentrated residue.
• the pressure can be, for example, less than about 100 mbar, less than about 10 mbar, less than about 1 mbar, less than about 0.1 mbar, less than about 0.05 mbar, or less than about 0.02 mbar.
• An apparatus for distilling typically includes a distilling vessel (which holds the pre-distillation material during heating), a condenser (which cools the evaporated material), and a receiving vessel (which collects the distillate).
• distillation does not include chemical vapor deposition.
• the term "thin film distillation” refers to short path distillation wherein a substantial decrease of boiling temperature is obtained by reducing the operating pressure. This can allow thermal separation of products that would be destroyed by conventional vacuum distillation (pot still or distillation column) because of the necessary high temperatures and long residence time. In one aspect, this term refers to a distillation operation in which a thin layer of liquid is subjected to distillation. Therefore, the operations generally called thin film distillation, molecular distillation, short path distillation, thin film evaporation, short path evaporation, and the like, are within the scope of "thin film distillation.”
• polymerization inhibitor refers to a substance that impedes or retards the process of polymerization. Typically, such an inhibitor slows or prevents the formation of radicals, which can initiate polymerization. Alternatively, such an inhibitor can react with any formed radicals at a rate greater than the polymerization initiation and/or propagation steps. Examples of suitable polymerization inhibitors include alkylhydroquinones and hydroxynaphthalenes . [0035] In one aspect, a polymerization inhibitor can be present during the distillation of the disclosed materials.
• a polymerization inhibitor can be present in the distilling vessel of the distillation.
• a polymerization inhibitor can be selected so as to undergo volatization during the distillation process.
• a polymerization inhibitor can be selected so as to not volatize during the distillation process.
• a polymerization inhibitor can be present in the receiving vessel of the distillation.
• the term "substituted" is contemplated to include all permissible substituents of organic compounds.
• the permissible substituents include acyclic and cyclic, branched and unbranched, carbocyclic and heterocyclic, and aromatic and nonaromatic substituents of organic compounds.
• Illustrative substituents include, for example, those described below.
• the permissible substituents can be one or more and the same or different for appropriate organic compounds.
• the heteroatoms, such as nitrogen can have hydrogen substituents and/or any permissible substituents of organic compounds described herein which satisfy the valences of the heteroatoms.
• substitution or “substituted with” include the implicit proviso that such substitution is in accordance with permitted valence of the substituted atom and the substituent, and that the substitution results in a stable compound, e.g., a compound that does not spontaneously undergo transformation such as by rearrangement, cyclization, elimination, etc.
• a 1 ,” “A 2 ,” “A 3 ,” and “A 4 " are used herein as generic symbols to represent various specific substituents. These symbols can be any substituent, not limited to those disclosed herein, and when they are defined to be certain substituents in one instance, they can, in another instance, be defined as some other substituents.
• alkyl as used herein is a branched or unbranched saturated hydrocarbon group of 1 to 24 carbon atoms, for example 1 to 12 carbon atoms or 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, s- pentyl, neopentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, dode cyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, eicosyl, tetracosyl, and the like.
• the alkyl group can also be substituted or unsubstituted.
• the alkyl group can be substituted with one or more groups including, but not limited to, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aldehyde, amino, carboxylic acid, ester, ether, halide, hydroxy, ketone, azide, nitro, silyl, sulfo-oxo, or thiol, as described herein.
• a "lower alkyl” group is an alkyl group containing from one to six carbon atoms.
• alkyl is generally used to refer to both unsubstituted alkyl groups and substituted alkyl groups; however, substituted alkyl groups are also specifically referred to herein by identifying the specific substituent(s) on the alkyl group.
• halogenated alkyl specifically refers to an alkyl group that is substituted with one or more halide, e.g., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine.
• alkoxyalkyl specifically refers to an alkyl group that is substituted with one or more alkoxy groups, as described below.
• alkylamino specifically refers to an alkyl group that is substituted with one or more amino groups, as described below, and the like.
• alkyl is used in one instance and a specific term such as “alkylalcohol” is used in another, it is not meant to imply that the term “alkyl” does not also refer to specific terms such as “alkylalcohol” and the like.
• cycloalkyl as used herein is a non-aromatic carbon-based ring composed of at least three carbon atoms.
• cycloalkyl groups include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, norbornyl, and the like.
• heterocycloalkyl is a type of cycloalkyl group as defined above, and is included within the meaning of the term “cycloalkyl,” where at least one of the carbon atoms of the ring is replaced with a heteroatom such as, but not limited to, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, or phosphorus.
• the cycloalkyl group and heterocycloalkyl group can be substituted or unsubstituted.
• the cycloalkyl group and heterocycloalkyl group can be substituted with one or more groups including, but not limited to, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aldehyde, amino, carboxylic acid, ester, ether, halide, hydroxy, ketone, azide, nitro, silyl, sulfo-oxo, or thiol as described herein.
• polyalkylene group as used herein is a group having two or more CH 2 groups linked to one another.
• the polyalkylene group can be represented by the formula — (CH 2 ) a — , where "a" is an integer of from 2 to 500.
• alkoxy and “alkoxyl” as used herein refer to an alkyl or cycloalkyl group bonded through an ether linkage; that is, an "alkoxy” group can be defined as — OA 1 where A 1 is alkyl or cycloalkyl as defined above.
• Alkoxy also includes polymers of alkoxy groups as just described; that is, an alkoxy can be a polyether such as — OA 1 — OA 2 or — OA 1 — (OA 2 ) a — OA 3 , where "a” is an integer of from 1 to 200 and A 1 , A 2 , and A 3 are alkyl and/or cycloalkyl groups.
• alkenyl as used herein is a hydrocarbon group of from 2 to 24 carbon atoms with a structural formula containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond.
• the alkenyl group can be substituted with one or more groups including, but not limited to, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aldehyde, amino, carboxylic acid, ester, ether, halide, hydroxy, ketone, azide, nitro, silyl, sulfo-oxo, or thiol, as described herein.
• groups including, but not limited to, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aldehyde, amino, carboxylic acid, ester, ether, halide, hydroxy, ketone, azide, nitro, silyl,
• Examples of cycloalkenyl groups include, but are not limited to, cyclopropenyl, cyclobutenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclopentadienyl, cyclohexenyl, cyclohexadienyl, norbornenyl, and the like.
• heterocycloalkenyl is a type of cycloalkenyl group as defined above, and is included within the meaning of the term “cycloalkenyl,” where at least one of the carbon atoms of the ring is replaced with a heteroatom such as, but not limited to, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, or phosphorus.
• the cycloalkenyl group and heterocycloalkenyl group can be substituted or unsubstituted.
• the cycloalkenyl group and heterocycloalkenyl group can be substituted with one or more groups including, but not limited to, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aldehyde, amino, carboxylic acid, ester, ether, halide, hydroxy, ketone, azide, nitro, silyl, sulfo-oxo, or thiol as described herein.
• alkynyl is a hydrocarbon group of 2 to 24 carbon atoms with a structural formula containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond.
• the alkynyl group can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more groups including, but not limited to, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aldehyde, amino, carboxylic acid, ester, ether, halide, hydroxy, ketone, azide, nitro, silyl, sulfo-oxo, or thiol, as described herein.
• cycloalkynyl as used herein is a non-aromatic carbon-based ring composed of at least seven carbon atoms and containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bound.
• cycloalkynyl groups include, but are not limited to, cycloheptynyl, cyclooctynyl, cyclononynyl, and the like.
• heterocycloalkynyl is a type of cycloalkenyl group as defined above, and is included within the meaning of the term “cycloalkynyl,” where at least one of the carbon atoms of the ring is replaced with a heteroatom such as, but not limited to, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, or phosphorus.
• the cycloalkynyl group and heterocycloalkynyl group can be substituted or unsubstituted.
• the cycloalkynyl group and heterocycloalkynyl group can be substituted with one or more groups including, but not limited to, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aldehyde, amino, carboxylic acid, ester, ether, halide, hydroxy, ketone, azide, nitro, silyl, sulfo-oxo, or thiol as described herein.
• aryl as used herein is a group that contains any carbon-based aromatic group including, but not limited to, benzene, naphthalene, phenyl, biphenyl, phenoxybenzene, and the like.
• aryl also includes “heteroaryl,” which is defined as a group that contains an aromatic group that has at least one heteroatom incorporated within the ring of the aromatic group. Examples of heteroatoms include, but are not limited to, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and phosphorus.
• non-heteroaryl which is also included in the term “aryl,” defines a group that contains an aromatic group that does not contain a heteroatom.
• the aryl group can be substituted or unsubstituted.
• the aryl group can be substituted with one or more groups including, but not limited to, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aldehyde, amino, carboxylic acid, ester, ether, halide, hydroxy, ketone, azide, nitro, silyl, sulfo-oxo, or thiol as described herein.
• biasing is a specific type of aryl group and is included in the definition of "aryl.”
• Biaryl refers to two aryl groups that are bound together via a fused ring structure, as in naphthalene, or are attached via one or more carbon-carbon bonds, as in biphenyl.
• amine or “amino” as used herein are represented by the formula NA 1 A 2 A 3 , where A 1 , A 2 , and A 3 can be, independently, hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl group as described herein.
• esters as used herein is represented by the formula — OC(O)A 1 or — C(O)OA 1 , where A 1 can be a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl group as described herein.
• polyester as used herein is represented by the formula — (A 1 O(O)C-A 2 -C(O)O) a — or — (A 1 O(O)C-A 2 -OC(O)) a — , where A 1 and A 2 can be, independently, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl group described herein and "a” is an interger from 1 to 500.
• Polyyester is the term used to describe a group that is produced by the reaction between a compound having at least two carboxylic acid groups with a compound having at least two hydroxyl groups.
• ether as used herein is represented by the formula A 1 OA 2 , where A 1 and A 2 can be, independently, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl group described herein.
• polyether as used herein is represented by the formula — (A 1 O-A 2 OX — , where A 1 and A 2 can be, independently, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl group described herein and "a" is an integer of from 1 to 500.
• polyether groups include polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, and polybutylene oxide.
• halide and "halo” as used herein refer to the halogens fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.
• ketone and "keto” as used herein is represented by the formula A 1 C(O)A 2 , where A 1 and A 2 can be, independently, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl group as described herein.
• nitro as used herein is represented by the formula — NO 2 .
• nitrile and cyano as used herein are represented by the formula — CN.
• sil as used herein is represented by the formula — SiA 1 A 2 A 3 , where A 1 , A 2 , and A 3 can be, independently, hydrogen or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl group as described herein.
• sulfo-oxo is represented by the formulas — S(O)A 1 , — S(O) 2 A 1 , -OS(O) 2 A 1 , or -OS(O) 2 OA 1 , where A 1 can be hydrogen or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl group as described herein.
• sulfonyl is used herein to refer to the sulfo-oxo group represented by the formula — S(O) 2 A 1 , where A 1 can be hydrogen or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl group as described herein.
• sulfone as used herein is represented by the formula A 1 S(O) 2 A 2 , where A 1 and A 2 can be, independently, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl group as described herein.
• sulfoxide as used herein is represented by the formula A 1 S(O)A 2 , where A 1 and A 2 can be, independently, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl group as described herein.
• compositions of the invention Disclosed are the components to be used to prepare the compositions of the invention as well as the compositions themselves to be used within the methods disclosed herein. These and other materials are disclosed herein, and it is understood that when combinations, subsets, interactions, groups, etc. of these materials are disclosed that while specific reference of each various individual and collective combinations and permutation of these compounds may not be explicitly disclosed, each is specifically contemplated and described herein. For example, if a particular compound is disclosed and discussed and a number of modifications that can be made to a number of molecules including the compounds are discussed, specifically contemplated is each and every combination and permutation of the compound and the modifications that are possible unless specifically indicated to the contrary.
• compositions disclosed herein have certain functions. Disclosed herein are certain structural requirements for performing the disclosed functions, and it is understood that there are a variety of structures that can perform the same function that are related to the disclosed structures, and that these structures will typically achieve the same result.
• the invention relates to one or more silicone prepolymers. More specifically, compounds are disclosed wherein undesirable shrinkage, expansion, and related problems possessed by conventional silicone monomers and related conventional polymerization techniques can be overcome by producing hydrogels from a crosslinkable prepolymer having a relatively low molecular weight and low polydispersity. Moreover, the disclosed prepolymers are prepared having structures that provide satisfactory solubilities in aqueous solutions or hydrophilic solutions, such as PEG/PVP, as well as satisfactory oxygen permeabilities.
• a prepolymer can be a compound or collection of compounds comprising at least one silicone-containing residue having a structure represented by the formula:
• R a represents hydrogen or methyl, and wherein A represents a siloxanyl group; and at least one polymerizable residue having a structure represented by the formula:
• R p represents hydrogen or methyl
• P represents an organic group comprising at least one polymerizable moiety
• the prepolymer has a silicon content of from about 10% to about 30% by weight, of the prepolymer; wherein at least one of the at least one silicone-containing residue is a polar silicone-containing residue further comprising at least one polar moiety; and wherein the prepolymer has a polar silicone-containing residue content of from about 30% to about 90% by weight of the prepolymer.
• the disclosed prepolymers comprise one or more siloxanyl groups.
• a siloxanyl group can be any siloxanyl group known to those of skill in the art.
• At least one A has a structure represented by the formula:
• At least one A has a structure represented by the formula:
• G represents a C1-C20 alkyl residue or a C1-C20 aryl residue, which alkyl residue or aryl residue further comprises at least one hydroxyl group; wherein L represents a C 1 -C 20 alkyl residue or a C1-C20 aryl residue; and wherein D represents a siloxanyl group.
• D has a structure represented by the formula:
• E 1 to E 11 independently represent hydrogen, an optionally substituted C1-C20 alkyl residue, or an optionally substituted C 6 -C 2O aryl residue; wherein h represents an integer of from 0 to 200; and wherein i, j, and k independently represent integers of from 0 to 20, with the proviso that h, i, j and k are not simultaneously zero.
• At least one A has a structure represented by the formula:
• n represents an integer of from 3 to 10; and wherein R s represents a C1-C20 alkyl residue or a C1-C20 aryl residue.
• the disclosed prepolymers comprise one or more hydrophilic residues.
• a hydrophilic residue can be any hydrophilic residue known to those of skill in the art.
• hydrophilic residues can be absent from the disclosed prepolymers.
• a prepolymer can further comprise at least one at least one hydrophilic residue having a structure represented by the formula:
• R b represents hydrogen or methyl; and wherein B represents a hydrophilic group.
• a hydrophilic residue comprises one or more residues of N 5 N- dimethylacrylamide, 2 -hydroxy ethyl methacrylate, N-vinylpyrrolidone, N-vinylformamide, N- vinylacetamide, (meth)acrylic acid, N-vinyl-2-piperidone, N-vinyl-2-caprolactam, N-vinyl-3 - methyl-2-caprolactam, N-vinyl-3 -methyl -2 -piperidone, N-vinyl-4-methyl-2-piperidone, N- vinyl-4-methyl-2-caprolactam, N-vinyl-3 -ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-vinyl-4,5-dimethyl-2- pyrrolidone, or N-vinylimidazole.
• the disclosed prepolymers comprise one or more polar moieties.
• a polar moiety can be any polar moiety known to those of skill in the art.
• a polar moiety can be hydroxyl, amide, carboxyl, amino, carbonate, carbamate, sulfonamide, sulfonic, phosphonic, methoxyethyl, methoxyethoxyethyl, hydroxyethyl, or hydroxyethoxyethyl.
• the disclosed prepolymers comprise one or more polymerizable residues or groups.
• a polymerizable residue can be any polymerizable residue known to those of skill in the art.
• a polymerizable residue comprises one or more ethylenically unsaturated moieties, for example, a methacryloyloxy group, an acryloyloxy group, a methacryl amide group, an acryl amide group, a styryl group, a vinyl group, a vinyl carbonate group, a vinyl carbamate group, an allyl carbonate group, or an allyl carbamate group.
• a polymerizable residue is obtained by reacting a unit having a structure represented by the formula:
• R z represents hydrogen or methyl; wherein Z represents an optionally substituted C 1 - C 20 alkyl residue or an optionally substituted C 6 -C 2O aryl residue, which alkyl or aryl further comprises at least one of an hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, an ester group, or a carboxylic anhydride group; with at least one compound having at least one polymerizable residue.
• Z comprises one or more of:
• halogenocarbonyl group a (meth)acryloyloxycarbonyl group, a carboxyl group, a C 1 -C 20 alkyloxycarbonyl group, a 2-aminoethoxycarbonyl group, a 4-halogenocarbophenyl group, a 4-carboxyphenyl group, or a 4-(Ci-C 2O alkyloxycarbonyl)phenyl group.
• the compound having at least one polymerizable group is 2- isocyanatoethyl(meth)acrylate, (meth)acryloyl isocyanate,
• At least one polymerizable moiety has a structure represented by the formula:
• R represents hydrogen or methyl
• the disclosed prepolymers can have terminal groups resulting from the initiation and termination of the polymerization reaction used to prepare the prepolymer.
• a prepolymer can have a terminal group resulting from the initiation reaction and having a structure represented by a formula:
• A, B, and P represent a siloxanyl group, a hydrophilic group, and a polymerizable group, as described herein.
• the symbol IN represents a residue of an initiator, for example, an azo initiator or a peroxide initiator.
• Aprepolymer can also have a terminal group resulting from the termination reaction and having a structure represented by a formula:
• A, B, and P represent a siloxanyl group, a hydrophilic group, and a polymerizable group, as described herein.
• T represents a residue of a terminator, for example, a hydrogen atom extracted from water or other protic solvent.
• prepolymers can have analogous terminal groups resulting from analogous initiation and termination reactions with comonomers.
• a disclosed prepolymer can have a silicon content of from about 10% to about 30% by weight. In a further aspect, a disclosed prepolymer can have a silicon content of from about 13% to about 20% by weight. For example, the silicon content can be from about 15% to about 20%, from about 13% to about 18%, from about 15% to about 18%, about 13%, about 15%, about 18%, or about 20%. It is also understood that a disclosed silicon content can represent the average silicon content for a collection of silicone prepolymers.
• the total of the polar silicone units can be from about 50% to about 80% by weight, based on solid content of the prepolymer.
• the total of the polar silicone units can be from about 55% to about 80%, from about 60% to about 80%, from about 50% to about 75%, from about 50% to about 70%, from about 60% to about 70%, or from about 55% to about 75%. It is also understood that a disclosed total of the polar silicone units can represent the average total for a collection of silicone prepolymers.
• the content of the polymerizable unit can be from about 0.1 to about 15 mol%, based on the prepolymer.
• the content of the polymerizable unit can be from about 0.25 mol% to about 15 mol%, from about 0.5 mol% to about 15 mol%, from about 1 mol% to about 15 mol%, from about 0.1 mol% to about 12 mol%, from about 0.1 mol% to about 10 mol%, from about 0.1 mol% to about 5 mol%, or from about 0.1 mol% to about 10 mol%.
• a disclosed content of the polymerizable unit can represent the average content of the polymerizable unit for a collection of silicone prepolymers.
• the disclosed prepolymers exhibit superior solubility in aqueous solutions or hydrophilic solutions, such as e.g. PEG/PVP.
• Solubility can be determined by solubility tests in which a sample of the prepolymer is stored in a number of different solvents. By observing whether the polymer is dissolved, swelled, or unchanged, it is possible to ascertain whether and to what extent a prepolymer is soluble in a given solvent system. See Hansen Solubility Parameters; A User's Handbook, Charles M. Hansen, pp. 43- 53, CRC Press 2000.
• a known mass of prepolymer can be exposed to an excess amount of a given solvent system for a period of time (e.g., 10 minutes).
• the mixture can be optionally sonicated and/or exposed to elevated temperature.
• any undissolved prepolymer can be removed by decantation or by filtration, and the proportion dissolved within the solvent system can be calculated.
• Solubility can be determined by using a protocol of the following example (note that wt% is an example for 60 wt% solid solution): (1) Irgacure 819 (a photo -initiator, 0.42 wt%) and a prepolymer (55.38 wt%) are added into PEG (40 wt%) / PVP (4.2 wt%) solution. (2) The mixture is mixed well with a touch mixer and by sonication. (3) The mixture is put in an oven at 70 0 C for about one hour. (4) The mixture removed from the oven and mixed with a spatula. (5) The mixture is put in the oven again for another 40 minutes. (6) Repeat steps 4 and 5. (7) If the mixture is clear and phase separation is not observed when the mixture is taken out from the oven, it is considered “soluble.” If the mixture is hazy or phase separation is observed, it is considered “insoluble.”
• a prepolymer can have a solubility of not less than about 50% by weight, based on solid content of the prepolymer, in a water-soluble solvent.
• the solubility can be at least about 55%, at least about 60%, at least about 65%, at least about 70%, at least about 75%, at least about 80%, at least about 85%, or at least about 90%.
• the solubility can be affected by the average molecular weight of the prepolymer composition. That is, prepolymer having a certain molecular weight or less can be soluble, while prepolymer having a certain molecular weight or more can be less soluble.
• prepolymer can have a solubility of not less than about 50% by weight (e.g., at least about 55%, at least about 60%, at least about 65%, at least about 70%, at least about 75%, at least about 80%, at least about 85%, or at least about 90%), based on solid content of the prepolymer, in a water-soluble solvent comprising from about 1% to about 10% (e.g., from about 1% to about 5%, from about 5% to about 10%, from about 2% to about 8%, about 2%, about 3%, about 4%, about 5%, about 6%, about 7%, about 8%, or about 9%) by weight of polyvinylpyrrolidone.
• a solubility of not less than about 50% by weight (e.g., at least about 55%, at least about 60%, at least about 65%, at least about 70%, at least about 75%, at least about 80%, at least about 85%, or at least about 90%), based on solid content of the prepoly
• Solvent systems suitable for use with the disclosed prepolymers are typically water- soluble solvents and include ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, ethylene glycol-propylene glycol copolymer, and a mixture thereof.
• the disclosed prepolymers can have an average molecular weight of from about 10 kD to about 1000 kD, for example from about 10 kD to about 500 kD, from about 10 kD to about 300 kD, or from about 10 kD to about 200 kD.
• the polydispersity (M w /M n ) of the disclosed prepolymers can be from about 1.00 to about 10.00.
• the polydispersity can be from about 1.00 to about 9.00, from about 1.00 to about 8.00, from about 1.00 to about 7.00, from about 1.00 to about 6.00, or from about 1.00 to about 5.00.
• the polydispersity can be less than about 8, for example, less than about 7.5, less than about 7, less than about 6.5, less than about 6, less than about 5.5, less than about 5, less than about 4.5, or less than about 4.
• the disclosed prepolymers can further comprise residues from further comonomers, so long as the prepolymer retains a silicon content of from about 10% to about 30% by weight, of the prepolymer and a polar silicone-containing residue content of from about 30% to about 90% by weight of the prepolymer.
• alkyl (meth)acrylates such as (meth)acrylic acid, itaconic acid, crotonic acid, cinnamic acid, vinylbenzoic acid, methyl (meth)acrylate and ethyl (meth)acrylate; polyfunctional (meth)acrylates such as polyalkylene glycol mono(meth)acrylate, polyalkylene glycol monoalkyl ether (meth)acrylate, polyalkylene glycol bis(meth)acrylate, trimethylolpropane tris(meth)acrylate, pentaerythritol tetrakis(meth)acrylate, polydimethyl siloxane having (meth)acryloxypropyl group at both ends, polydimethyl siloxane having (meth)acryloxypropyl group at one end and polydimethyl siloxane having a plurality of (meth)acryloyl groups in side chains; halogenated alkyl
• (meth)acrylates such as trifluoroethyl (meth)acrylate and hexafluoroisopropyl (meth)acrylate; hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylates having hydroxyl group such as 2-hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate and 2,3-dihydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate; (meth)acrylamides such as N,N-dimethylacrylamide, N,N-diethylacrylamide, N,N-di-n-propylacrylamide, N 5 N- diisopropylacrylamide, N,N-di-n-butylacrylamide, N-acryloylmorpholine, N- acryloylpiperidine, N-acryloylpyrrolidine and N-methyl(meth)acrylamide; N-vinyl-N-methyl acetamide, N-vinyl-N-ethyl acetamide, N-vinyl-N-e
• silicone containing components suitable for use in this invention include those described is WO 96/31792 such as macromers containing polysiloxane, polyalkylene ether, diisocyanate, polyfluorinated hydrocarbon, polyfluorinated ether and polysaccharide groups.
• U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,321,108; 5,387,662; and 5,539,016 describe polysiloxanes with a polar fluorinated graft or side group having a hydrogen atom attached to a terminal difluoro- substituted carbon atom.
• US 2002/0016383 describe hydrophilic siloxanyl methacrylates containing ether and siloxanyl linkages and crosslinkable monomers containing polyether and polysiloxanyl groups.
• comonomers include (meth)acrylic acid, 2-hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate, N,N-dimethylacrylamide, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, N-vinyl-N-methyl acetamide, N-vinyl-N-ethyl acetamide, 3- [tris(trimethylsiloxy)silyl]propyl (meth)acrylate, 3 - [bis(trimethylsiloxy)methylsilyl]propyl (meth)acrylate, the compounds Cl-I, C2-1, C3-1, C4-1, C5-1, C6-1, C 1-2, C2-2, C3-2, C4-2, C5-2, C6-2, polysiloxane macromers, hydrophilic siloxyanly methacrlyates containing ether and siloxanyl linkages and combinations thereof and the like.
• Such monomers include 2-propenoic acid, 2 -methyl -2- hydroxy-3 -[3 - [ 1 ,3 ,3 ,3 -tetramethyl- 1 - [(trimethylsilyl)oxy] disiloxanyl]propoxy] propyl ester (SiGMA); monomethacryloxypropyl-terminated mono-n-butyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane (mPDMS; MW 800-1000 (M n )); bis-3-acryloxy-2- hydroxypropyloxypropyl polydimethylsiloxane (acPDMS) (MW 1000 and 2000, acrylated polydimethylsiloxane from Gelest and Degussa, respectively); methacryloxypropyl- terminated polydimethylsiloxane (MW 550-700) from Gelest (maPDMS); and mono-(3- methacryloxy-2-hydroxypropyloxy)propyl terminated, mono-buty
• the invention relates to a method of preparing a prepolymer. It is understood that the compounds, structures, and moieties disclosed in connection with the prepolymers can also be used in connection with the disclosed methods.
• the disclosed prepolymers can be prepared by a method comprising the steps of providing a mixture comprising at least one monomer having a siloxanyl group, wherein at least one of the at least one monomer having a siloxanyl group is a polar silicone - containing monomer further comprising at least one polar moiety; at least one monomer having a polymerizable group; optionally, at least one comonomer (e.g., HEMA); and, optionally, at least one monomer having a hydrophilic group; reacting the monomers by heating the mixture at a reaction temperature (e.g., from about 50 0 C to about 60 0 C) for a reaction time (e.g., from about 2 hours to about 6 hours), and/or exposing the mixture to a radical initiator (e.g., 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile)), thereby polymerizing the monomers to provide an unfunctionalized intermediate polymer; combining the un
• the disclosed prepolymers can be prepared by a method comprising the steps of providing a mixture comprising at least one monomer having a siloxanyl group, wherein at least one of the at least one monomer having a siloxanyl group is a polar silicone - containing monomer further comprising at least one polar moiety; at least one monomer having a polymerizable group (e.g., vinyl methacrylate, which has two polymerizable groups having different polymerizabilities); optionally, at least one comonomer (e.g., HEMA); and, optionally, at least one monomer having a hydrophilic group; reacting the monomers by heating the mixture at a reaction temperature (e.g., from about 50 0 C to about 60 0 C) for a reaction time (e.g., from about 2 hours to about 6 hours), and/or exposing the mixture to a radical initiator (e.g., 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethyl)
• a radical initiator
• solvent can be removed (e.g., by evaporation) after production of the intermediate polymer and/or after production of the prepolymer.
• either or both of the intermediate polymer and the prepolymer can be purified by, for example, washing, filtration, and/or distillation. Purification can be accomplished by, for example, conventional distillation or by reduced pressure distillation (e.g., thin film distillation), optionally in the presence of a polymerization inhibitor, for example, one or more of an alkylhydroquinone or a hydroxynaphthalene.
• the disclosed prepolymers can be purified by removing lower molecular weight impurities by distillation, for example, reduced pressure distillation.
• a purification method can comprise the steps of: (1) providing a prepolymer mixture or a crude prepolymer, and (2) reduced pressure distillation of lower molecular weight impurities from the prepolymer mixture or the crude prepolymer in the presence of at least one polymerization inhibitor comprising an alkylhydroquinone or a hydroxynaphthalene.
• the method further comprises the step of collecting the distilled siloxanyl monomer. The monomer can be collected, for example, in a receiving vessel.
• the polymerization inhibitor can comprise one or more of an alkylhydroquinone or a hydroxynaphthalene.
• substantially all unreacted reactants and byproducts are removed.
• substantially all it is meant that less than about 0.1 weight % remains after purification. This can be done by conventional means, such as ultrafiltration.
• the washing can be conducted with deionized water and conditions can be selected to provide a large surface to volume ratio of the intermediate polymer or prepolymer particles.
• a polymerizable residue can be obtained by reacting a unit having a structure represented by the formula:
• R z represents hydrogen or methyl; wherein Z represents an optionally substituted C 1 - C20 alkyl residue or an optionally substituted C 6 -C 2 O aryl residue, which alkyl or aryl further comprises at least one of an hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, an ester group, or a carboxylic anhydride group; with at least one compound having at least one polymerizable residue.
• Z represents an optionally substituted C 1 - C20 alkyl residue or an optionally substituted C 6 -C 2 O aryl residue, which alkyl or aryl further comprises at least one of an hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, an ester group, or a carboxylic anhydride group; with at least one compound having at least one polymerizable residue.
• the prepolymers can be used to prepare further polymers by, for example, a thermally-initiated or photo-initiated polymerization or crosslinking reaction. Accordingly, in a further aspect, the invention relates to a polymer obtained by polymerizing or cross-linking one or more of the disclosed prepolymers.
• the disclosed polymers can be used to prepare medical devices, such as ophthalmic lenses, for example contact lenses, intraocular implants, and artificial cornea; stents, implants, and catheters; and other optical devices.
• medical devices such as ophthalmic lenses, for example contact lenses, intraocular implants, and artificial cornea; stents, implants, and catheters; and other optical devices.
• the invention relates to an ophthalmic lens, contact lens, intraocular implant, artificial cornea, stent, implant, catheter; or other optical device obtained by polymerizing or cross- linking one or more of the disclosed prepolymers.
• the present invention provides a material from which molded plastics having a satisfactory oxygen permeability, satisfactory hydrophilicity and satisfactory resistance to breakage may be produced by polymerizing the material.
• the molded plastics are useful as drug adsorbents used for drug delivery, and ophthalmic lenses such as contact lenses, intraocular lenses, artificial cornea and spectacle lenses. Among these, they are particularly suited for contact lenses.
• the compositions can provide materials for producing molded plastics, which material is excellent in compatibility with hydrophilic monomers such as 2- hydroxyethyl methacrylate, which is capable of yielding molded plastics, by polymerizing the material, having satisfactory oxygen permeability, satisfactory hydrophilicity, and a low modulus of elasticity, as well as excellent optical quality.
• hydrophilic monomers such as 2- hydroxyethyl methacrylate
• a material for producing molded plastics may be provided, which material is excellent in compatibility with hydrophilic monomers such as, but not limited to 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, N ,N- dimethylacrylamide, N-vinyl -N-methyl acetamide combinations thereof and the like which is capable of yielding molded plastics, by polymerizing the material, having a satisfactory oxygen permeability, satisfactory hydrophilicity and a low modulus of elasticity, as well as excellent optical quality.
• hydrophilic monomers such as, but not limited to 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, N ,N- dimethylacrylamide, N-vinyl -N-methyl acetamide combinations thereof and the like which is capable of yielding molded plastics, by polymerizing the material, having a satisfactory oxygen permeability, satisfactory hydrophilicity and a low modulus of elasticity, as well as excellent optical quality.
• the compounds and compositions of the invention can be used to provide a molded article comprising at least one of the compositions of the invention.
• the compounds and compositions of the invention can be used to provide an ophthalmic lens comprising at least one of the compositions of the invention.
• the compounds and compositions of the invention can be used to provide a contact lens comprising at least one of the compositions of the invention.
• Molded articles e.g. contact lenses
• additional materials may also be included in the polymerization mixture.
• a crosslinker having two or more polymerizable carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds in the molecule can be included to obtain good mechanical properties and good resistance to antiseptic solutions and washing solutions.
• the percentage of the crosslinker, based on the total monomers to be copolymerized, is preferably not less than about 0.01% by weight, more between about 0.05% and about 15% by weight, still more preferably between about 0.1% and about 5% by weight.
• additional crosslinker may be omitted.
• the percentage of the material for producing molded plastics according to the present invention in the prepared molded plastics is, in cases where other siloxanyl-group containing polymerizable material is not copolymerized, preferably from about 30% by weight to about 100% by weight, more preferably from about 50% by weight to about 99% by weight, still more preferably from about 60% by weight to about 95% by weight.
• the percentage of the total of the material according to the present invention and the other siloxanyl group -containing polymerizable material(s) in the prepared molded plastics is preferably from about 30% by weight to about 100% by weight, more preferably from about 50% by weight to about 99% by weight, still more preferably from about 60% by weight to about 95% by weight.
• the molded plasties may contain additional components, including, but not limited to UV absorbers, colorants, coloring agents, wetting agents, slip agents, pharmaceutical and nutraceutical components, compatibilizing components, antimicrobial compounds, release agents, combinations thereof and the like. Any of the foregoing may be incorporated in non-reactive, polymerizable, and/or copolymerized form.
• thermal polymerization initiator or photopolymerization initiator typified by peroxides and azo compounds for easily attaining polymerization.
• thermal polymerization one having the optimum decomposition characteristics at the satisfactory reaction temperature is selected.
• azo initiators and peroxide initiators having a 10 hour half-life temperature of from about 40 0 C to about 120 0 C are preferred.
• the photoinitiator include carbonyl compounds, peroxides, azo compounds, sulfur compounds, halogenated compounds and metal salts. These polymerization initiators can be used individually or in combination.
• the amount of the polymerization initiator(s) can be up to about 1% by weight based on the polymerization mixture.
• a polymerization solvent can be used.
• the solvent various organic and inorganic solvents can be employed.
• the solvents include water; alcoholic solvents such as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, normal propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, normal butyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, tert-butyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol and polyethylene glycol; glycol ether solvents such as methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, isopropyl cellosolve, butyl cellosolve, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether and polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether and polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether
• solvents can be used individually or two or more of these solvents can be used in combination.
• known methods can be employed. For example, a method in which the material is once polymerized and molded into the shape of round bar or plate and the resulting round bar or plate is then processed into the satisfactory shape by cutting or the like, mold polymerization method and spin cast polymerization method can be employed.
• a gap having a prescribed shape, between two mold parts is filled with a prepolymer composition and photopolymerization or thermal polymerization is carried out to shape the composition into the shape of the gap between the molds.
• the molds are made of a resin, glass, ceramics, metal, or the like.
• photopolymerization an optically transparent material is used, and a resin or glass is usually used.
• a gap is formed between two mold parts facing each other, and the gap is filled with the material composition.
• a gasket may be used in order to give the ophthalmic lens a prescribed thickness and to prevent leakage of the material composition filled in the gap.
• the molds containing the gap filled with the material composition are then irradiated with an actinic radiation such as ultraviolet light, visible light or a combination thereof, or placed in an oven or bath to heat the material composition, thereby carrying out polymerization.
• the two polymerization methods may be employed in combination, that is, thermal polymerization may be carried out after photopolymerization, or photopolymerization may be carried out after thermal polymerization.
• a light containing ultraviolet light such as the light from a mercury lamp or UV lamp (e.g., FL15BL, TOSHIBA corporation) is radiated for a short time (usually not longer than 1 hour).
• a mercury lamp or UV lamp e.g., FL15BL, TOSHIBA corporation
• the molded articles produced from the disclosed prepolymer can have a dynamic contact angle (during forward movement, immersion rate: about 0.1 mm/sec) of, for example, not more than about 130°, more preferably not more than about 120°, still more preferably not more than about 100°.
• the water content thereof is preferably from about 3% to about 50%, more preferably from about 5% to about 50%, still more preferably from about 7% to about 50%. From the viewpoint of the wearer when the ophthalmic lens is used as a contact lens, the higher the oxygen permeability, the better.
• the oxygen permeability is used as a contact lens.
• -11 2 coefficient [x 10 (cm /sec)mLO 2 /(mL-hPa)] is preferably not less than about 50, more preferably not less than about 60, still more preferably not less than about 65.
• the oxygen permeability coefficient can be at least about 90, at least about 95, at least about 100, at least about 105, or at least about 110.
• the tensile modulus of elasticity is preferably from about 0.01 to about 30 MPa, more preferably from about 0.1 to about 7 MPa.
• the tensile elongation is preferably not less than about 50%, more preferably not less than about 100%. Since a higher tensile elongation gives higher resistance to breakage, it is preferred that the molded plastics have a high tensile elongation. These properties may be measured using the test methods disclosed in WO03/022321.
• the molded articles can also be useful as drug carriers used for drug delivery, and ophthalmic lenses such as contact lenses, intraocular lenses, artificial cornea, and spectacle lenses. Among these, they are particularly suited for ophthalmic lenses such as contact lenses, intraocular lenses, and artificial cornea. Among these, they are particularly suited for ophthalmic lenses, especially contact lenses.
• Molecular weight: size exclusion chromatography (SEC) equipment is composed of a column oven at 40 0 C, a PE LC-410 pump with PE Nelson 900A/D and a series 200 autosampler.
• the detector can be a RI Merck L7490.
• the column combination can consist of two TSK-GeI columns from TosoHaas (G4000PW+G2500PW) and a guardcolumn.
• the eluent can be made with methanol-water (75/25 wt/wt) and adjusted to 50 mM sodium chloride (NaCl).
• the flow rate can be 0.5 mL/minute.
• the injection volume is 150 ⁇ L and the run time can be 60 minutes.
• a calibration curve can be obtained with third order regression using PEG and PEO of Peak molecular weights ranging from 960000 to 194 as standard references.
• Tetraethylene glycol can be added to the sample in a concentration of 1 mg/ml in order to give a peak flow reference.
• the solutions are filtered on 0.5 ⁇ m disposable filters before the injection is performed.
• the peak molecular weight, M p is the molecular weight of the highest peak in the molecular weight distribution curve.
• Oxygen permeability A sample's oxygen permeability coefficient was determined by using a Seikaken-shiki film oxygen permeability meter manufactured by RIKA SEIKI KOGYO CO., LTD. The oxygen permeability coefficient of a sample in the form of a film was measured in water at 35 0 C (temperature controller not shown in Figure). Stirring was performed at a rate of 800 rpm with a 3 mm octagon-type MAGMIX magnetic stirrer (Mitamura Riken Kogyo Inc.). Four film samples with different thickness were prepared (0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, and 0.4 mm; diameter 16 mm).
• edge correction is typically considered when the area of a material through which oxygen passes differs from one surface of the sample to the other surface.
• the area of the hole of the ring which is set next to a film sample is the same as the area of platinum electrode, so edge correction is unnecessary.
• Moisture Content a sample in the form of a film sizing about 10 mm x 10 mm x 0.2 mm was used. The sample was dried in a vacuum dryer at 40 0 C for 16 hours, and the weight (Wd) of the sample was measured. Thereafter, the resulting sample was immersed in pure water at 40 0 C in a thermostat bath overnight or more, and the moisture on the surface was wiped with Kimwipe, followed by measurement of the weight (Ww). The moisture content was calculated according to the following equation:
• Moisture Content (%) 100 x (Ww-Wd)AVw
• Tensile Test a sample in the form of a film sizing about 19.5 mm x 15 mm x 0.2 mm was used. The tensile modulus of elasticity was measured using Tensilon type RTM- 100 manufactured by ORIENTEC. The speed of pulling was 100 mm/min and the distance between grips was 5 mm. 2. EXAMPLE 1
• the obtained precipitate was washed once with 300 niL of 65% (v/v) aqueous methanol solution and once with 300 niL of 75% (v/v) aqueous methanol solution.
• the obtained solids were dried under vacuum at 40 0 C for 18 hours, and then pulverized after adding liquid nitrogen, followed by drying at 40 0 C for 3 hours to obtain an unfunctionalized polymer.
• DBTDL dibutyltindilauric acid
• MOI 2-isocyanate ethyl methacrylate
• the precipitate was further washed twice with 300 mL of 85% (v/v) aqueous methanol solution.
• the obtained solids were dried under vacuum at 40 0 C for 18 hours, and then pulverized after adding liquid nitrogen, followed by drying at 40 0 C for 3 hours to obtain the desired silicone polymer.
• Example 1 The same operations as in Example 1 were repeated except that the composition of the polymerization mixture was changed as shown in Table 1.
• Formula (j) is as follows, which shows a polar silicone monomer:
• Example 1 The same operations as in Example 1 were repeated except that the composition of the polymerization mixture was changed as shown in Table 1.
• the UV absorber, dye (p), DBTDL and BHT were used in the same ratio as in Example 1.
• Comparative Examples 2 and 5 only the solubilities were confirmed, and functionalization was not performed.

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