WO2007099681A1 - 生体観察装置 - Google Patents
生体観察装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007099681A1 WO2007099681A1 PCT/JP2006/324681 JP2006324681W WO2007099681A1 WO 2007099681 A1 WO2007099681 A1 WO 2007099681A1 JP 2006324681 W JP2006324681 W JP 2006324681W WO 2007099681 A1 WO2007099681 A1 WO 2007099681A1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/0059—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence
- A61B5/0082—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence adapted for particular medical purposes
- A61B5/0084—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence adapted for particular medical purposes for introduction into the body, e.g. by catheters
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/00002—Operational features of endoscopes
- A61B1/00004—Operational features of endoscopes characterised by electronic signal processing
- A61B1/00009—Operational features of endoscopes characterised by electronic signal processing of image signals during a use of endoscope
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/04—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor combined with photographic or television appliances
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/06—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements
- A61B1/0646—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements with illumination filters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/10—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof for generating image signals from different wavelengths
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/10—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof for generating image signals from different wavelengths
- H04N23/125—Colour sequential image capture, e.g. using a colour wheel
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/10—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof for transforming different wavelengths into image signals
- H04N25/11—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/7235—Details of waveform analysis
- A61B5/7253—Details of waveform analysis characterised by using transforms
- A61B5/726—Details of waveform analysis characterised by using transforms using Wavelet transforms
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/50—Constructional details
- H04N23/555—Constructional details for picking-up images in sites, inaccessible due to their dimensions or hazardous conditions, e.g. endoscopes or borescopes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a living body observation apparatus such as an endoscope apparatus that observes a living body mucous membrane or the like in a body cavity or the like.
- An endoscope apparatus having an endoscope, a light source device, and the like has been widely used in the medical field and the like.
- an endoscope apparatus in the medical field for example, in normal observation, in addition to normal observation in which white light is irradiated to a subject such as a mucous membrane in a living body and an image of the subject is captured in substantially the same manner as observation with the naked eye.
- narrowband light which has a narrower band than the irradiated light
- NBI band light observation
- the narrow-band light used in the above-described narrow-band light observation needs to narrow the illumination light. For this reason, it is necessary to use a filter for broadband illumination light normally used for observation.
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-93336 as a second conventional example performs signal processing on an image signal obtained by normal illumination light to generate a discrete spectral image, and A narrow-band optical endoscope apparatus that obtains tissue information at a desired depth is disclosed.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above points, and a living body observation apparatus that generates an image signal of an image that makes it easy to identify the structure of a living body, such as a surface layer-side and a deep layer-side mucosal structure, with a simple configuration.
- the purpose is to provide. Disclosure of the invention
- the present invention performs signal processing on an output signal of an image sensor that performs imaging under a wide-band illumination light irradiated on a living body, and enables a generated image signal to be output to the display device side.
- the biological observation apparatus provided with the processing means,
- the signal processing means includes separation means for separating the output signal into spatial frequency components corresponding to the structure of the living body.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an overall configuration of an endoscope apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a configuration of a rotary filter.
- FIG. 3 is a characteristic diagram showing spectral characteristics of R, G, and B filters provided in the rotary filter.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the periphery of the filter circuit.
- FIG. 5 is a characteristic diagram showing the frequency characteristics of the BPF that constitutes the filter circuit.
- FIG. 6 is a characteristic diagram showing the frequency characteristics of the HPF that constitutes the filter circuit.
- FIG. 7 is a characteristic diagram showing input / output characteristics of the ⁇ correction circuit set in the second observation mode.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining the operation when the BPF of FIG. 5 is used.
- FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of the action when the HPF of FIG. 6 is used.
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing an overall configuration of an endoscope apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a wavelet transform unit in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a decomposition level 2 transform coefficient group by a two-dimensional discrete wavelet transform.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a wavelet transform unit in a modified example.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an overall configuration of the endoscope apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 2 shows the configuration of the rotary filter. is there.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the spectral characteristics of the R, G, and B filters provided in the rotary filter.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the configuration of the periphery of the filter circuit.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the frequency characteristics of the BPF that constitutes the filter circuit.
- Fig. 6 shows the frequency characteristics of the HPFs that make up the filter circuit.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing input / output characteristics of the ⁇ correction circuit set in the second observation mode.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an operation when the BPF of FIG. 5 is used.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating the operation when the HPF of FIG. 6 is used.
- an endoscope apparatus 1 as a first embodiment of a living body observation apparatus of the present invention is inserted into a body cavity and images an object such as a living tissue in the body cavity.
- the electronic endoscope 2 Built-in in the electronic endoscope 2 that outputs as an imaging signal, the light source device 3 that emits broadband illumination light for illuminating the subject side to the electronic endoscope 2, and the electronic endoscope 2
- a signal processing means for driving the image pickup means and performing signal processing on the image pickup signal output from the electronic endoscope 2 to generate a video signal as an image signal (also called a biological signal).
- a video processor 4 and a monitor 5 as a display device for displaying an image of a subject based on a video signal output from the video processor 4 are provided.
- the electronic endoscope 2 has an elongated insertion portion 7 that is inserted into a body cavity, and an operation portion 8 is provided at the rear end of the insertion portion 7.
- a light guide 9 that transmits illumination light is inserted into the insertion portion 7, and a rear end (base end) of the light guide 9 is detachably connected to the light source device 3.
- the light source device 3 cuts off the heat rays in the illumination light from the lamp 11 such as a xenon lamp that generates broadband illumination light covering the visible region by supplying lighting power from the lamp lighting circuit 10.
- the aperture filter 13 that controls the amount of illumination light that has passed through the heat ray cut filter 12, the rotary filter 14 that converts the illumination light into frame sequential light, and the electronic endoscope 2
- a condensing lens 15 that collects and supplies surface-sequential light via the rotary filter 14 to the incident surface of the light guide 9 and a control circuit 16 that controls the rotation of the rotary filter 14 are provided.
- the rotary filter 14 is configured to transmit light of red (R), green (G), and blue ( ⁇ ) wavelengths in the circumferential direction of the disc in a wide band.
- Three filters, 14G and B filter 14B, are provided in a fan shape.
- FIG. 3 shows spectral transmission characteristics of the R filter 14R, the G filter 14G, and the B filter 14B.
- the R filter 14R, the G filter 14G, and the B filter 14B exhibit characteristics of transmitting light in the R, G, and B wavelength bands in a wide band, respectively.
- the rotary filter 14 is rotated at a predetermined rotation speed by a motor 17 that is driven and controlled by a control circuit 16.
- a control circuit 16 By this rotation, an R filter 14R, a G filter 14G,
- B filter 14B is arranged sequentially, and R, G, B light is focused on the entrance surface of the light guide 9
- the light is collected at 15 and incident sequentially.
- the light is transmitted by the light guide 9 and irradiated to the tissue in the body cavity as illumination light through the illumination lens 23 attached to the illumination window of the distal end portion 22 of the insertion portion 7.
- An objective lens 24 is attached to an observation window provided adjacent to the illumination window, and a charge coupled device (abbreviated as CCD) 25 is disposed as an imaging device at the imaging position.
- CCD 25 photoelectrically converts the formed optical image.
- the CCD 25 is connected to a CCD driver 29 in the video processor 4 and a preamplifier 30 via a signal line 26.
- the signal line 26 is actually detachably connected to the video processor 4 via a connector (not shown).
- the imaging signal photoelectrically converted by the CCD25 by applying the CCD drive signal from the CCD driver 29 is amplified by the preamplifier 30, and then passed through the process circuit 31 that performs correlated double sampling (CDS) and noise removal, etc. Input to circuit 32
- the analog signal power is also converted into digital image data by the AZD conversion circuit 32, and then input to the white balance circuit 34.
- the auto gain control circuit AGC circuit and (Abbreviation) Input to 35 and amplified to a predetermined level.
- the AGC circuit 35 preferentially performs the dimming operation with the amount of illumination light by the aperture device 13 of the light source device 3, and after the aperture of the aperture device 13 reaches the open state, Based on the information, the AGC circuit 35 performs an operation to amplify the signal level to be insufficient.
- the dimming circuit 33 uses the output signal of the process circuit 31 to determine the aperture device 13 of the light source device 3. A dimming signal for adjusting the amount of illumination to be controlled to an appropriate amount of illumination light is generated.
- the output data of the AGC circuit 35 is input to the filter circuit 36 that forms the separating means in the present embodiment, and is also input to the ⁇ correction circuit 41 via the switching switch 40.
- the electronic endoscope 2 includes, for example, a first observation mode that is a normal observation mode and a biological mucous membrane emphasized observation mode that emphasizes the structure of the biological mucosa by an operation of an operator or the like.
- a mode switching switch 20 is provided so that two observation modes, the second observation mode and the second observation mode, can be selected and observed.
- the observation mode switching instruction given by the mode switching switch 20 is input to the mode switching circuit 21 of the video processor 4, and the mode switching circuit 21 switches the switching switch 40 in response to the mode switching instruction. And a mode switching signal is sent to the timing generator 49.
- the mode switching switch 20 is not limited to the one provided in the electronic endoscope 2, and may be provided, for example, on the front panel (not shown) of the video processor 4, or the video processor 4 It may be configured as a predetermined key on a keyboard (not shown) that can be connected to the keyboard.
- the contact a is selected in the first observation mode corresponding to the normal observation via the mode switching circuit 21 by the operation of the mode switching switch 20, and the contact b is switched in the second observation mode. Selected.
- the output signal of the AGC circuit 35 is the main structure of the living body to be observed, specifically, the spatial frequency components of the fine mucosa structure and the coarse mucosa structure.
- the filter circuit 36 forming the separation means for separating and extracting the signal
- the processing is further performed by the simultaneous signal circuit 37, the color conversion circuit 38, and the frame sequential circuit 39, and then the ⁇ correction through the switching switch 40. Input to circuit 41.
- the filter circuit 36 has a selector 51 that is switched by a timing signal from the timing generator 49, and a frequency that enables separation and extraction of spatial frequency components corresponding to the main mucosal structure of the living body.
- the bandpass filter (abbreviated as BPF) 52 and the high-pass filter (abbreviated as HPF) 53 and the force are set.
- the selector 51 is switched by the timing generator 49 at the timing when the broadband R, G, and B signals are input to the filter circuit 36 in the frame order.
- the R signal is passed through and stored in the R memory 37a of the synchronization circuit 37, the G signal is stored in the G memory 37b via BP F52, and the B signal is stored in the B memory 37c via HPF53.
- the R signal is stored in the R memory 37a as it is, the G signal is filtered by the BPF 52 and stored in the G memory 37b, and the B signal is filtered by the HPF 53 and stored in the B memory 37c.
- the BPF 52 enhances the frequency component of the middle or mid-low range Fa so that its amplitude is greater than 1, and suppresses the high range Fb. Frequency characteristics).
- the HPF 53 is set to have a filter characteristic that enhances the frequency component of the high frequency band Fc so that the amplitude becomes larger than 1.
- the DC component is set to have an amplitude of 1 so that its value does not change.
- the filter circuit 36 constituting the separating means in the present embodiment separates the fine mucous membrane structure and the rough mucous membrane structure in the living body, and further to the ⁇ correction circuit 41 in order to make the structure easier to identify. Then, perform the contrast conversion process described later!
- the R, G, and B signal data stored in the R, G, and memo U37a, 37b, and 37c of the simultaneous circuit 37 are read out simultaneously and synchronized.
- the B signal is input to the color conversion circuit 38 as the color adjusting means, and color conversion is performed.
- the G and B signals are filtered by the filters BPF52 and HPF53, respectively, and are indicated by BPF (G) and HPF (B)!
- the color conversion circuit 38 performs color conversion on the synchronized R, BPF (G), and HPF (B) image information using a 3 X 3 matrix. As a result, the color conversion processing is performed so that the fine structure portion on the surface layer side of the mucous membrane and the rough V-shaped structure portion on the deep layer side are displayed in different colors. By performing the color conversion process in this manner, the separated mucosal structure is displayed in a different color tone, thereby making it easier to identify.
- the matrix K has, for example, three real number components ml to m3 (other components are 0), and R, BPF (G), HPF (The weight (ratio) of the color signals of BPF (G) and HPF (B) in the color signal of B) is increased.
- the R color signal which has a long wavelength, is suppressed.
- the frame sequential circuit 39 is composed of a frame memory, and is converted into frame sequential image data by sequentially reading out the R, G, and B image data stored at the same time as color component images.
- the frame-sequential R, G, and B image data are input to the ⁇ correction circuit 41 through the switching switch 40 and are ⁇ corrected.
- This ⁇ correction circuit 41 has, for example, a ⁇ table storing therein ⁇ correction input / output characteristics, and the timing generator 49 switches the ⁇ correction input / output characteristics.
- the ⁇ correction circuit 41 is set to input / output characteristics for performing common ⁇ correction on the R, G, and B signals input in sequence, but in the second observation mode.
- the input / output characteristics of ⁇ correction can be switched for each R, G, B signal that is input sequentially.
- the y correction circuit 41 sets the gammal input / output characteristics indicated by the solid line in FIG. 7 for the R signal, whereas the mucosal surface layer is finer than the R signal.
- the G and B signals that reproduce the structural information are set to the gamma2 input / output characteristics indicated by the dotted line in Fig. 7, and the contrast conversion process is performed.
- the input / output characteristics of gamma2 are such that the output is smaller in the small input range than in the case of gammal's input / output characteristics, and the output is larger in the large input area than in the case of gammal's input / output characteristics.
- the contrast of fine mucosal structure information reproduced in the image signal can be increased.
- the ⁇ correction circuit 41 After being subjected to ⁇ correction by the ⁇ correction circuit 41, it is inputted to the enlargement circuit 42, subjected to enlargement interpolation processing, and then inputted to the enhancement circuit 43.
- the simultaneous circuit 45 is formed by three memories 45a, 45b and 45c.
- the R, G, B image data simultaneously input by the simultaneous input circuit 45 is input to the image processing circuit 46, and after image processing such as color shift correction of the moving image is performed, the DZA conversion circuit Input to 47a, 47b, 47c. Then, after being converted into an analog video signal or image signal (biological signal in a broad sense) by the D / A conversion circuits 47a, 47b, 47c, it is input to the monitor 5 as a display device.
- the monitor 5 displays an endoscopic image corresponding to the input video signal.
- a timing generator 49 is provided in the video processor 4, and a synchronization signal synchronized with the rotation of the rotary filter 14 is input from the control circuit 16 of the light source device 3, and various timings synchronized with the synchronization signal are input. The signal is output to each circuit.
- the light control circuit 33 controls the diaphragm device 13 of the light source device 3 to control the amount of illumination light so as to obtain an image with appropriate brightness suitable for observation.
- the surgeon or the like connects the electronic endoscope 2 to the light source device 3 or the video processor 4 as shown in FIG.
- the surgeon inserts the electronic endoscope 2 into the body cavity and The biological tissue of the site to be observed in the cavity is observed.
- each part of the endoscope apparatus 1 is set to the state of the first observation mode for normal observation, for example.
- the rotary filter 14 rotates at a constant speed on the optical path of the illumination light, and the R, G, and B illumination lights are condensed by the condenser lens 15 and incident on the light guide 9. As shown in FIG. 3, broadband R, G, and B illumination lights are sequentially irradiated onto the living tissue from the distal end surface of the light guide 9 via the illumination lens 23.
- the CCD output signal imaged by the CCD 25 under the broad-band R, G, and B illumination lights and photoelectrically converted by the CCD 25 is amplified by the preamplifier 30 in the video processor 4.
- the signal component is extracted by the CDS circuit in the process circuit 31.
- the output signal of the process circuit 31 is converted into a digital signal by the AZD conversion circuit 32 (when in the first observation mode as described above), from the switching switch 40 to the ⁇ correction circuit 41 via the white balance circuit 34 and the AGC circuit 35. Entered.
- the y correction circuit 41 After y correction by the y correction circuit 41, it is input to the enlargement circuit 42 and subjected to enlargement interpolation processing, and then input to the enhancement circuit 43.
- the enhancement circuit 43 performs structure enhancement or contour enhancement. Then, the signal is input to the simultaneous signal circuit 45 through the selector 44.
- the image data simultaneously synchronized by the synchronization circuit 45 is input to the image processing circuit 46, subjected to image processing such as color shift correction of the moving image, and then analogized by the DZA conversion circuits 47a, 47b, 47c. It is output to the monitor 5 after being converted into a video signal.
- the monitor 5 displays an endoscopic image corresponding to the input video signal.
- the mode switching switch 20 of the electronic endoscope 2 is operated to instruct the switching to the second observation mode, the signal is input to the mode switching circuit 21 of the video processor 4.
- the mode switching circuit 21 sends a mode switching signal instructed to switch to the second observation mode to the timing generator 49, and switches the contact b of the switching switch 40 to be ON.
- the timing generator 49 includes a broadband R, G, B filter circuit 36.
- the selector 51 is sequentially switched at the timing when each signal is input.
- the R signal passes through the filter circuit 36 without being filtered and is stored in the R memory 37a of the synchronization circuit 37.
- the G signal has a low-frequency region Fa by a BPF 52 set to a frequency characteristic that suppresses the high-frequency region Fb and enhances the middle-low frequency region Fa. Are extracted (separated).
- the frequency component of the high-frequency part Fc is extracted (separated) from the B signal by the HPF 53 set to a characteristic that enhances the high-frequency part Fc.
- the structure of the surface of the living mucous membrane and the structure on the deeper side than the surface layer specifically, the frequency separation characteristic that separates and extracts the spatial frequency components corresponding to the structure of the blood vessel running, are identified and identified.
- the BPF 52 and the HPF 53 of the filter circuit 36 set to the characteristics that facilitate the generation of signals that facilitate the visual recognition of their structures as described below.
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing that the G signal component similar to the G signal imaged under the narrow-band G illumination light is separated and extracted by using the BPF 52 of FIG. .
- the trapezoid in Fig. 8 shows broadband G illumination light.
- This G illumination light is band-limited near the center and has a wavelength range GO suitable for obtaining a rough mucous membrane structure, a short wavelength range Ga on the shorter wavelength side, and a longer wavelength side length than the wavelength range GO.
- the short wavelength range Ga since the absorbance of hemoglobin is low, the contrast of blood vessels and other images is lower in the G signal imaged by the CCD25 than in the wavelength range GO, but the shallow (surface) fine mucous membrane structure Contribute to the image.
- the characteristic of BPF52 is set to a characteristic in which the high frequency side is suppressed to suppress its reproduction.
- the long wavelength region Gb has a deeper blood vessel structure that reproduces deeper information than the wavelength region GO, and it is considered that there is no significant difference from the reproduction information of the adjacent wavelength region GO. On the contrary, since the absorbance of hemoglobin is lower, it is superimposed and averaged with the image information in the wavelength range GO where the contrast is low, and the contrast is reduced as a whole.
- the frequency characteristics of BPF52 are By setting the frequency characteristics to enhance contrast, it is possible to enhance and extract the signal of the frequency component in the low to middle range, so that the G signal component corresponding to the image of the rough mucous membrane structure on the deep layer side can be obtained.
- FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing that the B signal component similar to the B signal imaged under the narrow-band B illumination light is extracted by using the HPF 53 of FIG. is there.
- the trapezoid shown in Fig. 9 shows broadband B illumination light.
- This illumination light of B is band-limited to a narrow band and includes a wavelength range BO suitable for obtaining a fine mucosa structure and a long wavelength range Ba on the longer wavelength side. Since the long wavelength region Ba has a longer wavelength than the wavelength region BO, it contributes to reproducing mucosal information slightly deeper than the wavelength region BO.
- the B image data obtained in the long wavelength region Ba becomes a frequency component in the middle region, and is a suppression target. Therefore, the frequency characteristic of HPF53 is set to a characteristic that suppresses the band as shown in FIG.
- the long wavelength region Ba contributes to reproduction of the same mucosal information as the wavelength region BO, but the contrast is lowered because the absorbance of hemoglobin is low. Since this information is an image averaged with the wavelength region BO having a high contrast, the contrast of the image is made lower than when only the wavelength region BO is irradiated.
- the high frequency contrast is enhanced with respect to the imaged signal by using the frequency characteristics with the high frequency enhanced by HPF53. In this way, it is possible to generate a B image that makes it easy to visually recognize the fine mucosal structure on the surface layer side.
- the G signal and B signal reflecting the mucosal structure similar to the narrowband G signal and B signal are synchronized with the R signal, and then color-converted by the color conversion circuit 38.
- the mucous membrane structure is converted into a color that is easier to identify.
- the ⁇ correction circuit 41 is small with respect to the G signal and the ⁇ signal, and the difference between the output and the input range is increased. Since the contrast conversion processing is performed, the mucosal structure on the surface layer side is displayed on the monitor 5 in an easy-to-view image.
- the fine mucosal structure portion and the 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ mucosal structure portion in the living body are separated by frequency characteristics corresponding to their spatial frequencies, and are further distinguished by different color tones. Displayed as an easy-to-use image. [0063] Therefore, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to observe a fine mucosal structure portion and a rough mucosal structure portion in a living body as an easily distinguishable image with a simple configuration. Therefore, there is an effect that diagnosis can be easily performed and images can be provided.
- FIG. 10 shows an endoscope apparatus 1B according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the endoscope apparatus 1 of the first embodiment is a frame sequential endoscope apparatus, but in the present embodiment, it is a simultaneous endoscope apparatus 1 B.
- the endoscope apparatus 1B includes an electronic endoscope 2B, a light source apparatus 3B, a video processor 4B, and a motor 5.
- a complementary color system filter is attached to each pixel unit as the color separation filter 60 that optically separates colors on the imaging surface of the CCD 25. is there.
- this complementary color filter has four color chips of magenta (Mg), dark (G), cyan (Cy), and yellow (Ye) in front of each pixel.
- Mg, Cy, Mg, Ye and G, Ye, G, and Cy are alternately arranged, and in the vertical direction, Mg, Cy, Mg, Ye and G, Ye, G, and Cy are arranged in the order of arrangement.
- an ID generation circuit 61 is provided in the operation unit 8 of the electronic endoscope 2B, for example.
- the HD information of this ID generation circuit 61 for example, by changing the characteristics at the time of signal processing according to the type and variation of the color separation filter 60 of the CCD 25 of the electronic endoscope 2B, Enable more appropriate signal processing.
- the light source device 3B has a configuration in which the rotary filter 14, the motor 17, and the control circuit 16 are removed from the light source device 3 of FIG.
- the white illumination light is collected by the condenser lens 15 and is incident on the base end face of the light guide 9. Then, the illumination light is applied to the living mucous membrane of the site to be observed in the body cavity through the illumination lens 23 as well as the tip surface force of the light guide 9. And illuminated The optical image of the living mucous membrane is separated into a complementary color system by the color separation filter 60 and captured by the CCD 25 c
- the output signal of the CCD 25 is input to the CDS circuit 62 in the video processor 4B.
- the output signal of the CCD 25 is extracted from the output signal by the CDS circuit 62 and converted into a baseband signal, which is then input to the AZD conversion circuit 63 to be converted into a digital signal. Then, it is input to the brightness detection circuit 64, and the brightness (average luminance of the signal) is detected.
- the brightness signal detected by the brightness detection circuit 64 is input to the dimming circuit 33, and a dimming signal for dimming is generated based on a difference from the reference brightness (dimming target value). Is done.
- the dimming signal from the dimming circuit 33 controls the diaphragm device 13 of the light source device 3B to dimm the illumination light amount suitable for observation.
- the luminance signal Y is input to the selector 67 via the ⁇ circuit 66 (this luminance signal is denoted as Yh) and also input to the LPF 71 that limits the signal pass band.
- the LPF 71 is set to have a wide pass band corresponding to the luminance signal Y. Then, the luminance signal Y 1 in the band set by the pass band characteristic of the LPF 71 is input to the first matrix circuit 72.
- the color difference signals Cr and Cb are input to the simultaneous signal circuit 74 (line-sequentially) via the second LPF 73 that limits the signal pass band.
- the passband characteristic of the second LPF 73 is changed by the control circuit 68 according to the observation mode. Specifically, in the first observation mode corresponding to the normal observation, the second LPF 73 is set to a lower pass band (low band) than the first LPF 71.
- the second LPF 73 is changed to a wider band than the low band in the first observation mode for normal observation.
- the second LPF 73 is set (changed) in a wide band in substantially the same manner as the first LPF 41.
- the second LP F73 changes the passband for the color difference signals Cr and Cb in conjunction with the switching of the observation mode. To do. Note that the characteristics of the second LPF 73 are changed in accordance with the switching of the observation mode under the control of the control circuit 68.
- the simultaneous keying circuit 74 generates the color difference signals Cr and Cb that are simultaneously keyed, and the color difference signals Cr and Cb are input to the first matrix circuit 72.
- the first matrix circuit 72 converts the luminance signal Y and the color difference signals Cr, Cb into color signals Rl, Gl, B1.
- This first matrix circuit 72 is controlled by the control circuit 68 and changes the value of the matrix coefficient (determining the conversion characteristics) according to the characteristics of the color separation filter 60 of the CCD 25 so that there is no color mixing or Converts to Rl, Gl, B1 color signal with almost no color mixing.
- the characteristics of the color separation filter 60 of the CCD 25 mounted on the electronic endoscope 2B may differ depending on the electronic endoscope 2B actually connected to the video processor 4B.
- the coefficient of the first matrix circuit 72 is changed according to the characteristics of the color separation filter 60 of the CCD 25 actually used.
- the color signals Rl, Gl, and B1 generated by the first matrix circuit 72 are output to the white balance circuit 86 through the filter circuit 36B corresponding to the filter circuit 36 in the first embodiment.
- the filter circuit 36 has a configuration in which R, G, and B signals are input in the order of frames. Therefore, the force using the selector 51 as shown in FIG. Since the Gl and Bl color signals are input simultaneously, the selector 51 in FIG. 4 is not required.
- the R1 signal passes through the filter circuit 36B and is input to the white balance circuit 86.
- the G1 signal and the B1 signal pass through the BPF 52 and the HPF 53, respectively, to become the Gl signal and the Bl ′ signal, and are input to the white balance circuit 86, respectively.
- the filter circuit 36B performs substantially the same signal processing as in the first embodiment. Further, the R1 signal, G signal, and B signal that have passed through the filter circuit 36B are input. The white balance circuit 86 and the output signal thereof are input. ⁇ circuit 7 5 is controlled by the control circuit 68.
- the white balance circuit 86 performs white balance adjustment on the input R1 signal, G signal, and B signal, and the white balance adjusted R1 signal, G1 'signal, and B1' signal are sent to the ⁇ circuit 75. Output.
- the force is ⁇ corrected with common input / output characteristics.
- ⁇ correction is performed with different input / output characteristics for each of Rl, Gl, and B1.
- the ⁇ correction circuit 41 performs ⁇ correction after color conversion first, whereas in the present embodiment, after the ⁇ correction is performed in the second matrix circuit 76 described later.
- the configuration is changed to perform color conversion.
- the Rl and Gl signals have the gammmal input / output characteristics of FIG. 7, and the B1 signal has the gamma2 input / output characteristics of FIG. Be sure to ⁇ -correct the characteristics (in this case at the same time)!
- the ⁇ circuit 75 in the present embodiment changes the ⁇ characteristic in the second observation mode to a ⁇ characteristic that emphasizes the ⁇ correction characteristic than in the first observation mode, and performs the contrast conversion process. As a result, the contrast is enhanced and the display becomes easier to identify.
- the R2, G2, and B2 color signals that have been ⁇ -corrected by the ⁇ circuit 75 are converted by the second matrix circuit 76 into a luminance signal Y and color difference signals R ⁇ Y and ⁇ .
- control circuit 68 in the first observation mode, the control circuit 68 generates a luminance signal from the R2, G2, and ⁇ ⁇ 2 signals.
- the matrix coefficient of the second matrix circuit 76 is set so that it is simply converted into ⁇ and the color difference signal R— ⁇ and ⁇ — ⁇ .
- control circuit 68 converts the matrix coefficient of the second matrix circuit 76 into the matrix coefficient that also serves as the color conversion by the color conversion circuit 38 of the first embodiment, that is, the function of the color adjustment means. change.
- the luminance signal ⁇ output from the second matrix circuit 76 is input to the selector 67. Switching of the selector 67 is controlled by a control circuit 68. That is, the luminance signal Yh is selected in the first observation mode, and the luminance signal Yn is selected in the second observation mode.
- the color difference signals R—Y and B—Y output from the second matrix circuit 76 are input to the enlargement circuit 77 together with the luminance signal Yh or Yn (indicated as YhZYn) that has passed through the selector 67.
- the luminance signal YhZYn enlarged by the enlargement circuit 77 is subjected to outline enhancement by the enhancement circuit 78 and then input to the third matrix circuit 79. Further, the color difference signals R—Y and B—Y that have been enlarged by the enlargement circuit 77 are input to the third matrix circuit 79 without passing through the enhancement circuit 78.
- the luminance signal YhZYn, the color difference signal R—Y, and the color difference signal B—Y are converted into R, G, and B primary color signals by the third matrix circuit 79, and then further converted to analog by the DZA conversion circuit 80. Is output to the video signal output force monitor 5.
- edge enhancement by the enhancement circuit 78 may also be changed depending on the type of the CCD 25, the color separation filter 60, etc. (whether the enhancement band is set to the middle to low band or the middle to high band). good.
- a signal imaged by the CCD 25 with a spatial frequency component is separated from a signal imaged by the frame sequential in the first embodiment. This is the action applied to the case.
- the filter circuit 36 performs processing such as separation on the spatial frequency components for the R, G, and B signals that are imaged in the frame sequential order and sequentially input.
- the R, G, B signals input simultaneously are subjected to processing such as separation by a spatial frequency component by the filter circuit 36B.
- the filter circuit 36, 36B separates the frequency and also performs the contrast conversion process in consideration of the reflection characteristics (absorption characteristics) of the biological mucous membrane. Includes those that are separated (extracted) simply by the spatial frequency of the biological structure. [0098] For example, the surface layer side fine! / ⁇ mucosal structure and the rough! ⁇ mucosal structure corresponding to both of the spatial frequency components corresponding to each of the spatial frequency components are cut off using HPF or LPF, etc. It includes one that separates into biological signals corresponding to at least one mucosal structure.
- FIG. 11 shows a wavelet transform unit 36C as a separating means in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- the endoscope apparatus of the present embodiment has a configuration in which, for example, in the endoscope apparatus 1B of FIG. 10, a wavelet transform unit 36C shown in FIG. 11 is used instead of the filter circuit 36B.
- the wavelet transform unit 36C includes a wavelet transform circuit (hereinafter abbreviated as DWT) 81 that performs two-dimensional discrete wavelet transform on the G1 signal and B1 signal shown in FIG.
- a coefficient transform circuit 82 that performs a predetermined weighting process on the wavelet transform coefficients output from the DWT 81, and an inverse wavelet transform circuit (abbreviated as IDWT) that performs a two-dimensional inverse discrete wavelet transform on the output of the coefficient transform circuit 82.
- IDWT inverse wavelet transform circuit
- the R signal passes through the wavelet transform unit 36 C and is input to the first matrix circuit 72.
- two-dimensional discrete wavelet transform is performed using Haar basis.
- This two-dimensional discrete wavelet transform uses a separate two-dimensional filter that also has two one-dimensional filter forces respectively applied in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction.
- Fig. 12 shows a configuration example of transform coefficient groups at decomposition level 2 in the two-dimensional discrete wavelet transform by DWT81.
- the transform coefficients (image components) divided into subbands by discrete wavelet transform are shown as HH1, LH1, HL1, HH2, LH2, HL2, and LL2.
- HH1 indicates an image component obtained by applying a high-pass filter in both the horizontal and vertical directions
- X of HHx indicates a decomposition level with respect to the original image
- LH, HL, and LL are image components that apply a low-pass filter in the horizontal direction, a high-pass filter in the vertical direction, a high-pass filter in the horizontal direction, and a low-pass filter in the vertical direction, respectively.
- the image component to which the filter is applied, the image component to which the low-pass filter is applied in the horizontal direction, and the low-pass filter is applied in the vertical direction are shown.
- LL2, HL2, LH2, and LL2 are derived by decomposing LLl into subbands. In the case of decomposition level 1, the image before decomposition is decomposed into four conversion coefficients HH1, LH1, HL1, and LLl.
- the DWT81 makes the decomposition level of the input (original signal) G signal smaller than that of the B signal. For example, assuming that the decomposition level is 1, it decomposes into HH1, LH1, HL1, and LLl. On the other hand, with respect to the input B signal, the decomposition level is raised compared to the case of the G signal, for example, decomposition level 4 is set, and HH1, LH1, HL1, HH2, LH2, HL2, HH3, LH3, HL3, Decomposes into HH4, LH4, H L4, and LL4.
- the transform coefficient generated by the DWT 81 in this manner is input to the coefficient transform circuit 82.
- the weighting in the coefficient conversion circuit 82 is multiplied by a weighting coefficient so that the conversion coefficients of HH1, LH1, and HL1 become smaller for the G signal.
- LL1 has a weighting factor of 1
- the B signal is multiplied by a weighting coefficient so that the conversion coefficients of HH2, LH2, HL2, HH3, LH3, HL3, HH4, LH4, and HL4 become smaller.
- the weighting factor is uniformly zero. This suppresses frequency components in the mid-low range.
- HH1, LH1, HL1, and LL4 are multiplied by a weighting factor of 1.
- the coefficient weighted by the coefficient conversion circuit 82 and output is input to the ID WT 83, and two-dimensional inverse discrete wavelet conversion is performed.
- the inverse discrete wavelet transform is performed on the G signal using HH1, LH1, HL1, and LL1 after weighting.
- G signal synthesized image signal
- the R. G. B signal processed in this way is input to the ⁇ circuit 75 shown in FIG. 10, and the same processing is performed as described in the second embodiment.
- an image that reproduces the mucosal structure in a state with better image quality can be obtained by using the separation type two-dimensional filter.
- a weighting factor of 1 or more using 1 as a weighting factor may be set to enhance contrast.
- LL1 is multiplied by a weighting factor of 1 or more to enhance the contrast of the image component consisting of the middle and low frequency components, and for the H signal, HH1, LH1, and HL1 are less than 1. Multiply the above weighting factor to enhance the contrast of the delicate mucosal information
- FIG. 13 shows a wavelet transform unit 36D in a modified example.
- This wavelet transform unit 36D is based on the brightness average image generation circuit 84 for calculating the brightness average value of the B signal, the output signal of the brightness average image generation circuit 84 and the ID WT83 in the wavelet transform unit 36C of FIG.
- An adder 85 for adding the output B signal is provided.
- the R signal is output to the ⁇ circuit 75 through this wavelet transform unit 36D, and the G signal and the ⁇ signal are DWT81, the coefficient transform circuit 82 and the IDWT83.
- the B signal is input to the brightness average image generation circuit 84, and the output signal of the brightness average image generation circuit 84 and the output signal of the IDWT 83 are added and output to the ⁇ circuit 75.
- both the G signal and the ⁇ signal are decomposed into subbands having the same decomposition level, for example, decomposition level 1.
- the coefficient conversion circuit 82 multiplies the weight coefficient so that the conversion coefficients of HH1, LH1, and HL1 become smaller (for example, multiply by zero weight coefficient uniformly), and Multiplies by 1.
- the coefficient conversion circuit 82 multiplies the coefficient of LL1 in the B signal by a weight coefficient of zero, and multiplies the coefficients of HH1, LH1, and HL1 by one.
- the coefficients weighted by the coefficient conversion circuit 82 are subjected to two-dimensional inverse discrete wavelet transform in IDWT83.
- the B signal generates a composite image based on the weighted LL1 and HH1, LH1, and HL1.
- the G signal also generates a composite image based on the weighted LL1 and HH1, LH1, and HL1.
- the brightness average image generation circuit 84 calculates the brightness average of the B signal and outputs an image signal of the brightness average pixel value to all the pixels.
- the image signal from which the brightness average image generation circuit 84 is also output is input to the adder 85, and the B2 signal added to the B signal output from the IDWT 83 is output from the wavelet transform unit 36D.
- the decomposition level is made common to the G and B signals, thereby simplifying the configuration and providing a brightness average image generation means to further suppress low frequency components in the B signal. It is possible to easily generate an image signal.
- the same effects as in Example 3 are obtained.
- the living body observation apparatus may be configured by only the video processor 4 or 4B having a function as a signal processing means!
- broadband illumination light generated by the light source device 3 or 3B is transmitted by the light guide 9, and the tip surface force of the light guide 9 is also transmitted through the illumination lens 23. It was set as the structure which irradiates illumination light to a biological mucous membrane.
- a light emitting element such as a light emitting diode (abbreviated as LED) is disposed at the front end 22 of the electronic endoscope 2 or 2B to form an illumination means.
- this light emitting element force may also be used, or a subject such as a biological mucous membrane may be illuminated via the illumination lens 23.
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN2006800523633A CN101336087B (zh) | 2006-03-03 | 2006-12-11 | 活体观察装置 |
EP06834436A EP1992270B1 (en) | 2006-03-03 | 2006-12-11 | Living body observation apparatus |
BRPI0621380-4A BRPI0621380A2 (pt) | 2006-03-03 | 2006-12-11 | aparelho de observação de corpo vivo |
US12/192,507 US20080306338A1 (en) | 2006-03-03 | 2008-08-15 | Living body observation apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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JP2006058711A JP5057675B2 (ja) | 2006-03-03 | 2006-03-03 | 生体観察装置 |
JP2006-058711 | 2006-03-03 |
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US12/192,507 Continuation US20080306338A1 (en) | 2006-03-03 | 2008-08-15 | Living body observation apparatus |
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WO2007099681A1 true WO2007099681A1 (ja) | 2007-09-07 |
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PCT/JP2006/324681 WO2007099681A1 (ja) | 2006-03-03 | 2006-12-11 | 生体観察装置 |
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US (1) | US20080306338A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1992270B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5057675B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101009559B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101336087B (ja) |
BR (1) | BRPI0621380A2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2007099681A1 (ja) |
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JPWO2017104056A1 (ja) * | 2015-12-17 | 2018-10-04 | オリンパス株式会社 | 生体情報計測装置、生体情報計測方法および生体情報計測プログラム |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP5057675B2 (ja) | 2012-10-24 |
US20080306338A1 (en) | 2008-12-11 |
EP1992270A1 (en) | 2008-11-19 |
KR20080102241A (ko) | 2008-11-24 |
EP1992270A4 (en) | 2011-02-23 |
CN101336087B (zh) | 2011-04-13 |
CN101336087A (zh) | 2008-12-31 |
BRPI0621380A2 (pt) | 2011-12-06 |
JP2007236415A (ja) | 2007-09-20 |
KR101009559B1 (ko) | 2011-01-18 |
EP1992270B1 (en) | 2012-03-14 |
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