WO2006101091A1 - レーザ加工方法 - Google Patents
レーザ加工方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006101091A1 WO2006101091A1 PCT/JP2006/305594 JP2006305594W WO2006101091A1 WO 2006101091 A1 WO2006101091 A1 WO 2006101091A1 JP 2006305594 W JP2006305594 W JP 2006305594W WO 2006101091 A1 WO2006101091 A1 WO 2006101091A1
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- laser
- region
- laser beam
- workpiece
- substrate
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 94
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- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 53
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C23/00—Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments
- C03C23/0005—Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments by irradiation
- C03C23/0025—Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments by irradiation by a laser beam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/062—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam
- B23K26/0622—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam by shaping pulses
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/062—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam
- B23K26/0622—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam by shaping pulses
- B23K26/0624—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam by shaping pulses using ultrashort pulses, i.e. pulses of 1ns or less
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
- B23K26/083—Devices involving movement of the workpiece in at least one axial direction
- B23K26/0853—Devices involving movement of the workpiece in at least in two axial directions, e.g. in a plane
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/40—Removing material taking account of the properties of the material involved
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/50—Working by transmitting the laser beam through or within the workpiece
- B23K26/53—Working by transmitting the laser beam through or within the workpiece for modifying or reforming the material inside the workpiece, e.g. for producing break initiation cracks
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
- B28D5/00—Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; apparatus or devices therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
- B28D5/00—Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; apparatus or devices therefor
- B28D5/0005—Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; apparatus or devices therefor by breaking, e.g. dicing
- B28D5/0011—Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; apparatus or devices therefor by breaking, e.g. dicing with preliminary treatment, e.g. weakening by scoring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B33/00—Severing cooled glass
- C03B33/02—Cutting or splitting sheet glass or ribbons; Apparatus or machines therefor
- C03B33/0222—Scoring using a focussed radiation beam, e.g. laser
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/70—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/77—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate
- H01L21/78—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/36—Electric or electronic devices
- B23K2101/40—Semiconductor devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/50—Inorganic material, e.g. metals, not provided for in B23K2103/02 – B23K2103/26
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a laser processing method used for cutting a plate-like workpiece.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-28423
- the deteriorated layer reaches not only the inside of the plate-like object but also the outer surface of the plate-like object (see FIG. 6 of Patent Document 1).
- the plate-shaped object can be divided into pieces even if it is not divided into all the chips in the process of transporting to a tape expansion device that divides the plate-shaped object into chips or inversion process of the plate-shaped object. It may be done.
- Such fragmentation of the plate-like material causes chipping due to friction between the cut surfaces, but the chip yield rate decreases, and dust generated by the chipping is generated on the surface of the plate-like material. It may cause contamination of the circuit formed in the circuit.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and a plate-like workpiece formed with a modified region is fragmented in a process other than the cutting process.
- the laser processing method according to the present invention is intended to cut a processing object by irradiating a laser beam with a converging point inside the plate-shaped processing object.
- laser light is pulsed at the intermediate part including the effective part, and laser light is continuously oscillated at one end and the other end of the intermediate part. It is characterized by.
- laser light is pulse-oscillated in an intermediate portion including an effective portion in a portion along a planned cutting line in a workpiece, and one end portion and the other end portion on both sides of the intermediate portion. Then, the laser beam is continuously oscillated. Since the intensity of the laser beam in the continuous oscillation is lower than the intensity of the laser beam in the pulse oscillation, a modified region is formed in the middle part, and one end part and the other end part are formed. The modified region can be prevented from being formed.
- the modified region does not reach the outer surface of the object to be processed, so that the object to be processed is not fragmented in processes other than the cutting process, and the occurrence of chipping due to friction between the cut surfaces of the fragmented parts is reduced. It becomes possible to do.
- the modified region is reliably formed in the effective part surrounded by the outer edge part, it is possible to cut the effective part with high precision along the planned cutting line using the modified region as a starting point for cutting. become.
- the modified region is formed by aligning the condensing point inside the object to be processed and irradiating a laser beam to cause multiphoton absorption or other light absorption inside the object to be processed. .
- the functional element means, for example, a semiconductor operation layer formed by crystal growth, a light receiving element such as a photodiode, a light emitting element such as a laser diode, a circuit element formed as a circuit, and the like.
- the line to be cut is set in a lattice shape with respect to the workpiece so as to pass between adjacent functional elements.
- the effective portion can be cut with high precision along the planned cutting line, a plurality of chips having functional elements can be obtained in a state of being cut with high precision.
- the effective portion and the outer edge portion are integrally formed of a semiconductor material, and the modified region may include a melt processing region.
- the workpiece may be cut along a planned cutting line. In this case, as described above, the effective portion can be cut with high accuracy along the planned cutting line using the modified region as a starting point of cutting.
- the chipping is performed by rubbing the cut surfaces of the small pieces. Can be reduced.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view of an object to be processed during laser processing by the laser processing method according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line ⁇ of the cache object shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a plan view of an object to be processed after laser caking by the laser caking method according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IV-IV of the cache object shown in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line V_V of the cache object shown in FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a plan view of a workpiece to be cut by the laser processing method according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between electric field strength and crack spot size in the laser processing method according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of an object to be processed in the first step of the laser caching method according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of an object to be processed in a second step of the laser caching method according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of an object to be processed in a third step of the laser processing method according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of an object to be processed in a fourth step of the laser processing method according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 12 A part of a silicon wafer cut by the laser cage method according to this embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of a silicon wafer in which a melt processing region and a microcavity are formed by the laser processing method according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of a silicon wafer for explaining the principle of forming a melt processing region and a microcavity by the laser processing method according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 16 is a view showing a photograph of a cut surface of a silicon wafer in which a melt processing region and a microcavity are formed by the laser processing method according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 17 A plan view of an object to be processed that is an object of the laser caching method of the present embodiment.
- FIG. 18 is a partial cross-sectional view along the xvm_xvm line of the workpiece shown in FIG.
- FIG. 19 is a partial cross-sectional view of an object to be processed for explaining the laser processing method of the present embodiment, where (a) shows a state where a protective tape is applied to the object to be processed, and (b) shows an object to be processed. It is in a state of being irradiated with laser light.
- FIG. 20 is a partial cross-sectional view of an object to be processed for explaining the laser processing method of the present embodiment, where (a) shows a state in which an expanded tape is attached to the object to be processed, and (b) shows an ultraviolet ray on the protective tape. It is in a state of being irradiated.
- FIG. 21 is a partial cross-sectional view of an object to be processed for explaining the laser processing method of the present embodiment, in which (a) shows a state where a protective tape is peeled off from the object to be processed, and (b) shows an expanded tape expanded. It is in the state.
- FIG. 22 is a partial cross-sectional view along the line XXII-XXII of the cache object shown in FIG. 19 (b).
- FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view of a portion along the planned cutting line in the cache object shown in FIG.
- FIG. 24 is a bottom view of the cache object shown in FIG. 17.
- the absorption band gap of the material is optically transparent when the photon energy h v force S is smaller than E.
- the intensity of the laser beam is determined by the peak power density (W / cm 2 ) at the condensing point of the laser beam.
- the intensity of the laser beam is high when the peak density is 1 X 10 8 (W / cm 2 ) or more.
- the peak power density is calculated by (energy per pulse of laser beam at the focal point) ⁇ (laser beam beam cross-sectional area X pulse width).
- the intensity of the laser beam is determined by the electric field intensity (WZcm 2 ) at the condensing point of the laser beam.
- the surface 3 of the plate-like workpiece 1 has a planned cutting line 5 for cutting the workpiece 1.
- the planned cutting line 5 is a virtual line extending straight.
- modification is performed by irradiating the laser beam L with the condensing point P inside the cache object 1 under conditions where multiphoton absorption occurs. Region 7 is formed.
- the condensing point P is a part where the laser beam L is condensed.
- the planned cutting line 5 is not limited to a straight line but may be a curved line, or may be a line actually drawn on the cache object 1 without being limited to a virtual line.
- the condensing point P is moved along the planned cutting line 5 by relatively moving the laser light L along the planned cutting line 5 (that is, in the direction of arrow A in FIG. 1). .
- the modified region 7 is formed inside the workpiece 1 along the planned cutting line 5, and this modified region 7 becomes the cutting start region 8.
- the cutting starting point region 8 means a region that becomes a starting point of cutting (cracking) when the workpiece 1 is cut.
- This cutting starting point region 8 may be formed by continuously forming the modified region 7 or may be formed by intermittently forming the modified region 7.
- the laser cleaning method according to the present embodiment is not such that the processing object 1 absorbs the laser light L to cause the processing object 1 to generate heat and form the modified region 7.
- the modified region 7 is formed by allowing the laser beam L to pass through the workpiece 1 and causing multiphoton absorption inside the cathode 1. Therefore, since the laser beam L is hardly absorbed by the surface 3 of the workpiece 1, the surface 3 of the workpiece 1 is not melted.
- the other is that by forming the cutting start region 8, it naturally cracks in the cross-sectional direction (thickness direction) of the workpiece 1 starting from the cutting start region 8, resulting in the processing target This is the case when 1 is disconnected.
- this can be achieved by forming the cutting start region 8 by the modified region 7 in one row, and when the thickness of the workpiece 1 is large.
- This can be achieved by forming the cutting start region 8 by the modified region 7 formed in a plurality of rows in the thickness direction. Even in this natural cracking, a cutting start region 8 is formed at the location to be cut, where the crack does not run on the surface 3 of the portion corresponding to the portion where the cutting start region 8 is not formed.
- the cleaving can be controlled well.
- the thickness of the workpiece 1 such as a silicon wafer tends to be thin, such a cleaving method with good controllability is very effective.
- the modified region is a crack region including one or more cracks
- the laser beam is irradiated under the condition that the electric field intensity at the focal point is 1 ⁇ 10 8 (W / cm 2 ) or more and the pulse width is 1 ⁇ s or less.
- the magnitude of the pulse width is a condition that allows a crack region to be formed only inside the workpiece without causing extra damage to the surface of the workpiece while causing multiphoton absorption.
- a phenomenon called optical damage due to multiphoton absorption occurs inside the workpiece.
- This optical damage induces thermal strain inside the workpiece, thereby forming a crack region inside the workpiece.
- the upper limit value of the electric field strength is, for example, 1 ⁇ 10 12 (W / cm 2 ).
- the pulse width is preferably lns to 200 ns.
- the formation of the crack region by multiphoton absorption is described in, for example, “Inside of glass substrate by solid-state laser harmonics” on pages 23-28 of the 45th Laser Thermal Processing Workshop Proceedings (December 1998). It is described in “Marking”.
- the present inventor obtained the relationship between the electric field strength and the size of the crack by experiment.
- the experimental conditions are as follows.
- the laser beam quality is TEM.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the results of the experiment.
- the horizontal axis represents the peak power density. Since the laser light power pulsed laser light, the electric field strength is represented by the peak power density.
- the vertical axis shows the size of the crack part (crack spot) formed inside the workpiece by a single panelless laser beam. Crack spot force S gathers to form a crack region. The size of the crack spot is the size of the maximum length of the crack spot shape.
- the data indicated by the black circles in the graph are for the condenser lens (C) with a magnification of 100 and a numerical aperture (NA) of 0 ⁇ 80.
- the data indicated by white circles in the graph is for the case where the magnification of the condenser lens (C) is 50 times and the numerical aperture (NA) is 0.55.
- the peak power density is about lO ⁇ W / cm 2 ) Force A crack spot is generated inside the workpiece, and as the peak power density increases, the crack spot increases.
- FIG. 8 Under the condition that multiphoton absorption occurs, the condensing point P is aligned inside the workpiece 1 and the laser beam L is irradiated to form a crack region 9 along the planned cutting line.
- the crack region 9 is a region including one or more cracks.
- the crack region 9 thus formed becomes a cutting start region.
- the crack force S is further grown from the crack region 9 (that is, from the cutting start region), and as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 11 the workpiece 1 is cut when the workpiece 1 is broken.
- a crack that reaches the front surface 3 and the back surface 21 of the workpiece 1 may grow naturally, or may grow when a force is applied to the workpiece 1.
- the reforming region is a melting region
- the focusing point is set inside the object to be processed (for example, a semiconductor material such as silicon), and the electric field strength at the focusing point is 1 X 10 8 (W / cm 2 ) or more and the pulse width is 1 ⁇ s or less. Irradiate laser light under certain conditions. As a result, the inside of the workpiece is locally heated by multiphoton absorption. By this heating, a melt processing region is formed inside the workpiece.
- the melt treatment region is a region once solidified after melting, a region in a molten state, or a region re-solidified from a molten state, and can also be referred to as a phase-changed region or a region where the crystal structure has changed.
- the melt-processed region can also be referred to as a region in which one structure is changed to another in a single crystal structure, an amorphous structure, or a polycrystalline structure. That is, for example, a region where a single crystal structure is changed to an amorphous structure, a region where a single crystal structural force is changed to a polycrystalline structure, a region where a single crystal structure is changed to a structure including an amorphous structure and a polycrystalline structure are included. means.
- the melt processing region has, for example, an amorphous silicon structure.
- the upper limit value of the electric field strength is, for example, 1 ⁇ 10 12 (W / cm 2 ).
- the pulse width is preferably lns to 200 ns.
- the inventor has confirmed through experiments that a melt-processed region is formed inside a silicon wafer.
- the experimental conditions are as follows.
- FIG. 12 is a view showing a photograph of a cross section of a part of a silicon wafer cut by laser processing under the above conditions.
- a melt processing region 13 is formed inside the silicon wafer 11.
- the size in the thickness direction of the melt processing region 13 formed under the above conditions is about 100 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing the relationship between the wavelength of the laser beam and the transmittance inside the silicon substrate. However, the reflection component on the front side and the back side of the silicon substrate is removed to show the transmittance only inside. The above relationship was shown for each of the thickness t force 0 x m, 100 ⁇ , 200 ⁇ , 500 ⁇ , and 1000 zm of the silicon substrate.
- the thickness of the silicon substrate is 500 ⁇ m or less at 1064 nm, which is the wavelength of the Nd: YAG laser
- the thickness of the silicon wafer 11 shown in FIG. 12 is 350 ⁇
- the melt processing region 13 by multiphoton absorption is formed near the center of the silicon wafer 11, that is, at a portion of 175 / im from the surface.
- the transmittance is 90% or more with reference to a silicon wafer having a thickness of 200 ⁇ . Therefore, the laser light is hardly absorbed inside the silicon wafer 11, and almost all is transmitted. .
- melt processing region 13 is formed by multiphoton absorption.
- the formation of the melt processing region by multiphoton absorption is, for example, “Evaluation of processing characteristics of silicon by picosecond pulse laser” on pages 72 to 73 of the 66th Annual Meeting Summary (April 2000). It is described in.
- the silicon wafer generates a crack in the cross-sectional direction starting from the cutting start region formed by the melt processing region, and the crack reaches the front and back surfaces of the silicon wafer. As a result, it is cut.
- the cracks that reach the front and back surfaces of the silicon wafer may grow spontaneously, or force is applied to the silicon wafer. Sometimes it grows.
- the crack grows from a state where the melt processing region forming the cutting start region is melted, and the cutting start region In some cases, cracks grow when the solidified region is melted from the molten state.
- the melt processing region is formed only inside the silicon wafer, and the melt processing region is formed only inside the cut surface after cutting as shown in FIG.
- the cutting start region is formed by the melt processing region inside the workpiece, unnecessary cracking off the cutting start region line is less likely to occur at the time of cleaving, so that cleaving control is facilitated.
- the focusing point is set inside the object to be processed (for example, a semiconductor material such as silicon), and the electric field strength at the focusing point is 1 X 10 8 (W / cm 2 ) or more and the pulse width is 1 ⁇ s or less. Irradiate laser light under certain conditions. As a result, a melt-processed region and a microcavity may be formed inside the workpiece.
- the upper limit value of the electric field strength is, for example, 1 ⁇ 10 12 (W / cm 2 ).
- the pulse width is preferably lns to 200 ns.
- the microcavity 14 is formed on the back surface 21 side with respect to the melt processing region 13.
- the melt processing region 13 and the microcavity 14 are continuously formed.
- the microcavity 14 is formed on the opposite side of the laser light incident surface of the silicon wafer 11 with respect to the melt-processed region 13. It will be done.
- melt processing regions 13 are formed by transmitting the laser light L to the silicon wafer 11 and generating multiphoton absorption inside the silicon wafer 11, the melt processing regions 13 correspond to each other.
- the principle that the microcavity 14 is formed is not necessarily clear.
- two hypotheses assumed by the present inventors regarding the principle of forming the molten processing region 13 and the microcavity 14 in a paired state will be described.
- the first hypothesis assumed by the present inventors is as follows. That is, as shown in FIG. 15, when the laser beam L is irradiated while focusing on the condensing point P inside the silicon wafer 11, the light is collected. In the vicinity of the light spot P, a melt processing region 13 is formed. Conventionally, as the laser light L, the light at the center of the laser light L emitted from the laser light source (lights corresponding to L4 and L5 in FIG. 15) is used. This is because the central portion of the Gaussian distribution of the laser beam L is used.
- the present inventors have decided to broaden the laser beam L in order to suppress the influence of the laser beam L on the surface 3 of the silicon wafer 11.
- One method is to expand the base of the Gaussian distribution by expanding the laser light L emitted from the laser light source with a predetermined optical system, and to the light around the laser light L (L1 to L3 and L6 in Fig. 15).
- the laser intensity of the portion corresponding to ⁇ L8) was relatively increased.
- the melt processing region 13 and the microcavity 14 are formed at positions along the optical axis of the laser beam L (the chain line in FIG. 15).
- the position where the microcavity 14 is formed corresponds to a portion where the light in the peripheral portion of the laser light L (the light corresponding to L1 to L3 and L6 to L8 in FIG. 15) is theoretically condensed.
- the light at the center of the laser light L (light corresponding to L4 and L5 in FIG. 15) and the light at the peripheral part of the laser light L (L1 to L3 and L6 in FIG. 15) It is considered that the difference in the thickness direction of the silicon wafer 11 between the portions where the light (the portion corresponding to L8) is collected is due to the spherical aberration of the lens that collects the laser light L.
- the first hypothesis envisaged by the present inventors is the force that the difference in the condensing position does not have any influence.
- the second hypothesis assumed by the present inventors is that the portion where the light in the peripheral portion of the laser light L (the light corresponding to L1 to L3 and L6 to L8 in FIG. 15) is condensed is Since this is the theoretical laser condensing point, the light intensity in this part is high and the microstructural change has occurred, so the crystal structure changes substantially around it, and the microcavity 14 is formed.
- the portion where the melt-processed region 13 is formed has a large thermal effect and is simply melted and re-solidified.
- melt processing region 13 is as described in (2) above.
- the surroundings are substantially unchanged in crystal structure.
- the silicon wafer 11 has a silicon single crystal structure, there are many portions around the microcavity 14 that remain in the silicon single crystal structure.
- the inventors have confirmed through experiments that the melt-processed region 13 and the microcavity 14 are formed inside the silicon wafer 11.
- the experimental conditions are as follows.
- FIG. 16 is a view showing a photograph of a cut surface of silicon wafer 11 cut by laser processing under the above conditions.
- (a) and (b) show photographs of the same cut surface at different scales.
- a pair of a melt processing region 13 and a microcavity 14 formed by irradiation with one pulse of laser light L is formed along a cutting plane (that is, a line to be cut). Along the same pitch).
- the melt processing region 13 of the cut surface shown in FIG. 16 has a width in the thickness direction of the silicon wafer 11 (vertical direction in the drawing) of about 13 ⁇ m, and the direction in which the laser beam L moves (see FIG. 16).
- the width in the horizontal direction is about.
- the microcavity 14 has a width of about x m in the thickness direction of the silicon wafer 11 and a width in the direction of moving the laser light L of about 1.3 z m.
- the distance between the melt processing region 13 and the microcavity 14 is about 1.2 ⁇ m.
- the modified region is a refractive index changing region Align the focusing point inside the workpiece (eg glass), and irradiate the laser beam under the condition that the electric field strength at the focusing point is 1 X 10 8 (W / cm 2 ) or more and the pulse width is Ins or less.
- the norm width is made extremely short and multiphoton absorption occurs inside the workpiece, the energy due to the multiphoton absorption is not converted into thermal energy, and the ionic valence change, crystal Permanent structural changes such as crystallization or polarization orientation are induced to form a refractive index changing region.
- the upper limit value of the electric field strength is, for example, 1 ⁇ 10 12 (W / cm 2 ).
- the pulse width is preferably less than Ins, more preferably less than lps.
- the formation of the refractive index change region by multiphoton absorption is described in, for example, “Femtosecond Laser Irradiation in Glasses” on pages 105 to 111 of the 42nd Laser Thermal Processing Workshop Papers (November 1997). Photo-induced structure formation ”.
- the cases of (1) to (4) have been described as the modified regions formed by multiphoton absorption.
- the cutting origin is considered in consideration of the crystal structure of the wafer-like workpiece and its cleavage property. If the region is formed in the following manner, the workpiece can be cut with a smaller force and a higher accuracy with the cutting starting region as a starting point.
- a cutting origin region in a direction along the (111) plane (first cleavage plane) or the (110) plane (second cleavage plane) Is preferably formed.
- a substrate made of a phosphite-type III-V compound semiconductor such as GaAs
- the field of a substrate having a hexagonal crystal structure such as sapphire (Al 2 O 3).
- the cutting start region in the direction along the (1120) plane (eight plane) or the (1100) plane (M plane) with the (0001) plane (C plane) as the main plane.
- FIG. 17 is a plan view of a workpiece to be processed by the laser caching method of the present embodiment.
- FIG. 18 is a plan view of the machining target shown in FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of an elephant along the xvm—xvm line.
- the workpiece 1 was formed on the surface 3 of the substrate 4 including the substrate 4 made of silicon and having a thickness of 300 ⁇ m and a plurality of functional elements 15. And a laminated portion 16.
- the functional element 15 is stacked on the interlayer insulating film 17a so as to cover the wiring layer 19a, the interlayer insulating film 17a laminated on the surface 3 of the substrate 4, the wiring layer 19a disposed on the interlayer insulating film 17a, and the wiring layer 19a.
- the wiring layer 19a and the substrate 4 are electrically connected by a conductive plug 20a that penetrates the interlayer insulating film 17a.
- the wiring layer 19b and the wiring layer 19a are electrically conductive that penetrates the interlayer insulating film 17b. It is electrically connected by plug 20b.
- the substrate 4 includes an effective portion 41 (a portion inside the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 17) and an outer edge portion 42 (a portion outside the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 17) surrounding the effective portion 41.
- the effective portion 41 and the outer edge portion 42 are integrally formed of silicon (semiconductor material).
- a large number of functional elements 15 are formed in a matrix shape on the surface 3 of the effective portion 41 in a direction parallel to and perpendicular to the orientation flat 6 of the substrate 4, but the interlayer insulating films 17 a and 17 b are formed on the surface of the substrate 4. 3 It is formed across the adjacent functional elements 15 and 15 so as to cover the whole.
- the workpiece 1 configured as described above is cut for each functional element 15 as follows. First, as shown in FIG. 19 (a), a protective tape 22 is affixed to the workpiece 1 so as to cover the laminated portion 16. Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 19 (b), the calorie object 1 is fixed on a mounting table (not shown) of the laser processing apparatus with the back surface 21 of the substrate 4 facing upward. At this time, since the protective tape 22 prevents the laminated portion 16 from coming into direct contact with the mounting table, each functional element 15 can be protected.
- the line 5 to be cut is set to the workpiece 1 so as to pass between the adjacent functional elements 15 and 15 (see the broken line in FIG. 17), and the back surface 21 is the laser light incident surface.
- the condensing point P is aligned with the inside of the substrate 4 and the laser beam L is irradiated on the condition that multiphoton absorption occurs, and the condensing point P is scanned along the planned cutting line 5 by moving the mounting table.
- the condensing point P along the planned cutting line 5 is scanned six times for one planned cutting line 5, and the distance from the rear surface 21 where the converging points P are aligned is determined each time.
- the first row of quality reforming regions 71, the third row of divided reforming regions 72, and the second row of HC (half-cut) reforming regions 73 are cut into the interior of the substrate 4 along the line 5 to be cut. Form one row at a time. Since the substrate 4 is a semiconductor substrate made of silicon, the respective modified regions 71, 72, 73 are melt processing regions.
- each modified region 71, 72, 73 can be accurately formed in the substrate 4 along the planned cutting line 5.
- each modified region 71, 7 2 and 73 can be reliably formed in the substrate 4 along the line 5 to be cut.
- the distance between the surface 3 of the substrate 4 and the surface side end 71a of the quality modified region 71 is 5 / m to 20 / m.
- the distance between the front surface 3 of the substrate 4 and the rear end 71b of the quality-modified region 71 is [5 + (thickness of the substrate 4) X 0. 1] / m to [20 + (substrate (Thickness of 4) X 0. 1]
- three rows of the divided modified regions 72 are formed so as to be continuous in the thickness direction of the substrate 4.
- HC modified region 73 As shown in FIG. 19 (b), two rows of the HC modified regions 73 are formed so that the cracks 24 along the planned cutting line 5 are removed. To the back surface 21 of the substrate 4. Depending on the formation conditions, cracks 24 may also occur between the adjacent divided reforming region 72 and the HC reforming region 73.
- the expanded tape 23 is attached to the back surface 21 of the substrate 4 of the workpiece 1.
- the protective tape 22 is irradiated with ultraviolet rays to reduce its adhesive force, and as shown in FIG. 21 (a), it is protected from the laminated portion 16 of the workpiece 1. Remove tape 22.
- the expanded tape 23 is expanded to cause cracks starting from the respective modified regions 71, 72, 73, and the substrate 4 and the laminate. Part 16 Is cut along the planned cutting line 5 and the semiconductor chips 25 obtained by cutting are separated from each other.
- the quality modified region 71, the divided modified region 72, and the HC modified region 73 that are the starting points of cutting (cracking) are cut along the planned cutting line 5. It is formed inside the substrate 4. Therefore, in the laser processing method described above, even if the thickness of the substrate 4 on which the laminated portion 16 including the plurality of functional elements 15 is formed is 300 ⁇ m, even if the thickness is too large, the substrate 4 and the laminated Enables high-precision cutting of part 16.
- the split reforming region 72 is not limited to three rows as long as the cracks can proceed smoothly from the substrate 4 to the laminated portion 16. Generally, when the substrate 4 is thinned, the number of columns of the divided modified region 72 is decreased, and when the substrate 4 is thickened, the number of columns of the divided modified region 72 is increased. Further, the split reforming regions 72 may be separated from each other as long as the cracks can proceed smoothly from the substrate 4 to the laminated portion 16. Furthermore, the HC modified region 73 may be in a single row as long as cracks 24 can be reliably generated from the HC modified region 73 to the back surface 21 of the substrate 4.
- the distance between the surface 3 of the substrate 4 and the surface side end portion 71a of the quality modified region 71 is 5 am to 20 ⁇ m or the surface of the substrate 4 3 and the distance 71b on the back side of the quality-modified region 71 is [5 + (substrate 4 thickness) X 0.1] xm to [20+ (substrate 4 thickness) ⁇ 0.1] xm
- a quality reforming region 71 is formed at a position where When the quality-modified region 71 is formed at such a position, the laminated portion 16 (here, the interlayer insulating films 17a and 17b) formed on the surface 3 of the substrate 4 can be cut along the planned cutting line 5 with high accuracy.
- the substrate 4 on which the respective modified regions 71, 72, 73 are formed is cut.
- the surface (side surface) 4a and the cut surface (side surface) 16a of the laminated portion 16 are highly accurate cut surfaces in which unevenness is suppressed.
- FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional view of a portion along the planned cutting line in the cache object shown in FIG. As shown in the figure, the boundary between the effective portion 41 and the outer edge portion 42 is defined as a boundary surface 43.
- the laser light L is continuously oscillated, and the continuously oscillated laser light L is scanned from the outside of the substrate 4 in the direction of the arrow A along the line Z where the quality modification region 71 is to be formed.
- the laser beam L is oscillated at a point ⁇ located between a dot (intersection of the formation line Z and the outer surface of the substrate 4) and a point ⁇ (intersection of the formation line ⁇ and the boundary surface 43).
- the pulsed laser beam L will be formed from point ⁇
- the laser beam L oscillation is switched from pulse oscillation to continuous oscillation.
- the laser beam L oscillated is a point ⁇ force.
- the oscillation of the laser beam L is continuous oscillation, and the laser beam L continuously oscillated in the direction of the arrow A along the planned line Z for forming the divided reforming region 72 on the surface 3 side from the outside of the substrate 4 Skier
- the pulsed laser beam L is converted into a point ⁇ force type.
- the laser beam L is continuously oscillated, and the continuously oscillated laser beam L is scanned from the outside of the substrate 4 in the direction of arrow A along the planned formation line Z of the HC modified region 73 on the surface 3 side.
- the laser beam L oscillates at the point ⁇ located between the point and the point j3.
- the laser beam L oscillation is switched from pulse oscillation to continuous oscillation.
- the effective portion 41 is formed in the portion 50 along the planned cutting line 5 in the workpiece 1.
- the laser beam L is oscillated in the intermediate portion 51 including the laser beam L, and the laser beam L is continuously oscillated in the one end portion 52 and the other end portion 53 on both sides of the intermediate portion 51. Since the intensity of the laser beam L when continuously oscillating is lower than the intensity of the laser beam L when oscillating pulsed, each modified region 71, 72, 73 is formed in the intermediate part 51, The modified regions 71, 72, 73 can be prevented from being formed in the one end portion 52 and the other end portion 53.
- each modified region 71, 72, 73 does not reach the outer surface of the substrate 4, so that the substrate 4 is not fragmented in steps other than the cutting step, and the fragmented pieces are rubbed together. It is possible to prevent the occurrence of chipping.
- the modified regions 71, 72, 73 are reliably formed in the effective portion 41 surrounded by the outer edge portion 42, each of the modified regions 71, 72, 73 is used as a starting point of cutting. Can be cut along the planned cutting line 5 with high accuracy.
- the laser beam L along the scheduled cutting line 5 adjacent to the predetermined scheduled cutting line 5 is obtained.
- the laser beam L is scanned in the scan of the laser beam L along the predetermined cutting line 5 adjacent to the predetermined cutting line 5.
- the peripheral region around the boundary between the organic film such as the protective tape 22 and the expanded tape 23 attached to the substrate 4 and the outer edge 42 of the substrate 4 (that is, On the film to which the substrate 4 is not attached, on the boundary between the film and the outer edge 42 of the substrate 4, and on the outer periphery of the effective portion 41 of the substrate 4, the modified region is not formed as a continuous oscillation mode.
- the step region between the substrate 4 and the film is mainly formed by forming the modified region as a pulse oscillation mode, mainly due to the followability of the position control of the laser beam focus position control (autofocus) device. It is possible to prevent dust generated by processing other than the desired part due to the change in the behavior of the laser beam due to.
- the corners on the front surface 3 side and the corners on the back surface 21 side of the outer edge portion 42 may not be chamfered in a round shape.
- FIG. 26 only the corner on the front surface 3 side of the outer edge portion 42 may be chamfered in a round shape, or as shown in FIG. 27, the corner portion on the back surface 21 side of the outer edge portion 42. Only the round shape may be chamfered.
- the force ⁇ to ⁇ at which the oscillation of the laser beam L is switched from continuous oscillation to pulse oscillation coincides in the thickness direction of the substrate 4 within the outer edge portion 42 of the substrate 4.
- the chipping is performed by rubbing the cut surfaces of the fragmented one. Can be reduced.
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Abstract
Description
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KR1020077024138A KR101320821B1 (ko) | 2005-03-22 | 2006-03-20 | 레이저 가공 방법 |
CN2006800092914A CN101146642B (zh) | 2005-03-22 | 2006-03-20 | 激光加工方法 |
EP06729562.6A EP1867427B1 (en) | 2005-03-22 | 2006-03-20 | Laser machining method |
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Also Published As
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US8735771B2 (en) | 2014-05-27 |
CN101146642A (zh) | 2008-03-19 |
MY139770A (en) | 2009-10-30 |
KR101320821B1 (ko) | 2013-10-21 |
EP1867427B1 (en) | 2015-12-30 |
US20090032509A1 (en) | 2009-02-05 |
JP2006263754A (ja) | 2006-10-05 |
JP4198123B2 (ja) | 2008-12-17 |
CN101146642B (zh) | 2012-03-28 |
TW200639012A (en) | 2006-11-16 |
TWI375599B (en) | 2012-11-01 |
EP1867427A1 (en) | 2007-12-19 |
EP1867427A4 (en) | 2009-09-23 |
KR20070114396A (ko) | 2007-12-03 |
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