WO2006068188A1 - 永久磁石の着磁方法 - Google Patents
永久磁石の着磁方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006068188A1 WO2006068188A1 PCT/JP2005/023513 JP2005023513W WO2006068188A1 WO 2006068188 A1 WO2006068188 A1 WO 2006068188A1 JP 2005023513 W JP2005023513 W JP 2005023513W WO 2006068188 A1 WO2006068188 A1 WO 2006068188A1
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- Prior art keywords
- magnetizing
- permanent magnet
- magnetized
- magnetic field
- magnetization
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/0273—Imparting anisotropy
- H01F41/028—Radial anisotropy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/40—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials of magnetic semiconductor materials, e.g. CdCr2S4
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F13/00—Apparatus or processes for magnetising or demagnetising
- H01F13/003—Methods and devices for magnetising permanent magnets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of magnetizing a permanent magnet. More specifically, the present invention lowers the temperature of an object to be magnetized from a temperature above its Curie point to a temperature below its Curie point, The present invention relates to a method for magnetizing a permanent magnet that keeps applying a magnetic field. Although this technique is not particularly limited, it is effective for, for example, multipolar magnetization of a ring-shaped permanent magnet used for a rotor of a very small diameter stepping motor.
- a coil energization type magnetizing jig is generally used.
- This type of magnetizing jig is provided with a magnetized object receiving hole in which a ring-shaped permanent magnet, which is a magnetized object, can be inserted and extracted, for example, in the magnetic yoke,
- a plurality of axially extending grooves are formed on the side surface, and insulation-coated conductors are embedded in the grooves, and adjacent insulation-coated conductors are continuously folded to form a coil.
- the ring-shaped permanent magnets that make up the rotor are required to have a magnetization characteristic of a saturation magnetization level for a narrow pitch structure having a diameter of 3 mm or less and a number of magnetized poles of 10 or more.
- the conventional magnetizing method as described above has a problem of insufficient magnetization even with the permanent magnet method, and the force has a large variation in the peak value of the surface magnetic flux density. occured.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-268860
- Patent Document 2 JP-A-6-140248
- the conventional technique has a narrow magnetization pitch such as extremely small diameter and multiple poles!
- a permanent magnet such as a ring or arc
- the average of the surface magnetic flux density peak values of all poles Low value (insufficient magnetization), large variation in surface magnetic flux density peak value! ⁇ (Poor magnetization quality!) It is.
- Another problem to be solved by the present invention is that even when a permanent magnet, which is an object to be magnetized, is made of a material having a large coercive force, it provides very high magnetization characteristics according to the true magnet characteristics. It ’s about rubbing.
- one aspect of the present invention provides a magnetizing magnetic field applying means in the vicinity of a permanent magnet that is a magnetized object, This is a permanent magnet magnetization method in which the magnetizing magnetic field applying means continuously applies a magnetizing magnetic field to the object to be magnetized while the temperature is lowered from a temperature above the Curie point to a temperature below the Curie point.
- a permanent magnet for magnetization is disposed in the vicinity of a permanent magnet that is a magnetized object, and the magnetized material is placed at a temperature equal to or higher than its Curie point.
- the magnetizing magnetic field applying means may be a coil energizing method for applying a magnetic field generated by energizing the coil, or a permanent magnet method for applying a magnetic field by a permanent magnet.
- the permanent magnet which is an adherend, may have an outer shape or an inner shape that may be circular (circular or polygonal) or arc (circular or polygonal). It can be magnetized by applying a magnetic field for magnetizing both internal and external forces.
- a non-magnetic block is provided with a magnetized object accommodation hole into which a permanent magnet that is a magnetized object can be inserted and extracted, and The outer surface force of the magnetic material receiving hole Many grooves extending radially and many grooves extending from the Z or inner surface toward the center are provided, and each block has a bar shape with a Curie point higher than the magnetized material
- a magnetizing jig having a structure in which a permanent magnet for magnetizing is embedded, and the magnetized object is inserted in the magnetized object receiving hole in a state where the magnetized object is heated to the Curie point or higher, and the magnetizing treatment is performed.
- the method of cooling in the tool can be taken.
- a magnetizing jig in which a large number of magnetizing permanent magnets are embedded is combined in a state where a plurality of steps are arranged in the axial direction and the magnetic pole position is shifted in the circumferential direction.
- Magnetic field can be applied.
- a magnetizing magnetic field can be applied from both inside and outside of an annular or arcuate permanent magnet that is a magnetized object, and a magnetizing magnetic field from the inside and Z or
- a permanent magnet which is an object to be magnetized, is heated to a temperature of (Tc + 30 ° C) or higher when the Curie point is expressed by Tc, and then in a magnetizing magnetic field. It is preferable to cool to a temperature below (Tc 50 ° C).
- Nd-based bonded magnet having a coercive force (iHc) exceeding 557 kAZm.
- FIG. 1 is a temperature characteristic (coercivity) diagram of a permanent magnet with a Curie point as a parameter.
- FIG. 2 is a temperature characteristic diagram of a magnetic field generated by a permanent magnet for magnetization.
- FIG. 3A is a plan view showing an example of a magnetizing jig used in the present invention.
- FIG. 3B is a longitudinal sectional view showing an example of a magnetizing jig used in the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing a multipolar magnetization state of the ring-shaped permanent magnet.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a method for evaluating a magnetized state.
- FIG. 6 is a comparative explanatory view of a coil energization method and a permanent magnet method.
- FIG. 7A is a plan view showing an example of an inner magnetizing jig.
- FIG. 7B is a longitudinal sectional view showing an example of an inner magnetizing jig.
- FIG. 8 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an example of both inner and outer magnetizing jigs.
- FIG. 9A is an explanatory diagram of a magnetization state in both inner and outer magnetizations.
- FIG. 9B is an explanatory diagram of a magnetization state in both inner and outer magnetizations.
- FIG. 10A is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a magnetization pattern.
- FIG. 10B is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a magnetization pattern.
- FIG. 10C is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a magnetization pattern.
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing the heating temperature dependence of the average value of all surface magnetic flux density peak values.
- FIG. 12 is a graph showing the heating temperature dependence of surface magnetic flux density peak value variation.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing the cooling temperature dependence of the average value of all poles of the surface magnetic flux density peak value.
- FIG. 14 is a graph showing the cooling temperature dependence of surface magnetic flux density peak value variation.
- FIG. 15 is a comparative illustration of magnetization characteristics of high coercivity magnets.
- the permanent magnet system is more effective than the coil energization system for reducing the diameter of the magnetic object to be magnetized. More specifically, a permanent magnet for magnetization is disposed in the vicinity of the permanent magnet that is the magnetized object, and the magnetized material is at a temperature equal to or higher than its Curie point and less than the Curie point of the magnetizing permanent magnet. While the temperature is lowered to a temperature lower than the Curie point of the object to be magnetized, a magnetizing magnetic field is continuously applied to the object to be magnetized by the permanent magnet for magnetization, and the object to be magnetized is magnetized.
- this method can perform multipolar magnetization of a ring-shaped permanent magnet, which is an object to be magnetized, will be described in more detail below.
- Fig. 1 shows the temperature characteristics of the coercive force iHc for the following three types of permanent magnets a to c having different Curie points Tc.
- Permanent magnet a SmCo sintered magnet (Curie point: approx. 850 ° C)
- Permanent magnet b NdFeB isotropic magnet (Curie point: approx. 350 ° C)
- Permanent magnet c NdFeB isotropic magnet (Curie point: about 390 ° C)
- the permanent magnets a are radially arranged as magnetizing permanent magnets, a ring-shaped space is formed in the center where the magnetized object can be disposed, and the ring-shaped magnetized space has an equal thickness from the outside.
- Figure 2 shows the results of calculation of the temperature characteristics of the generated magnetic field in each layer divided into four layers (1st layer,..., 4th layer). Therefore, if the permanent magnet a is a permanent magnet for magnetization, the shallow layer portion (first layer) to the deep layer portion (first layer) of the magnetized space is 400 ° C, which exceeds the limit of the permanent magnets b and c. 4 layers) It can be seen that a magnetic field can be applied in a wide range at, and the magnets have the ability to magnetize the permanent magnets b and C.
- FIGS. 3A and 3B An example of a magnetizing jig is shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B.
- Fig. 3A shows a plane and Fig. 3B shows a longitudinal section.
- a ring-shaped magnetized object permanent magnet
- the magnetizing jig 10 has a non-magnetic block (stainless steel block) 12 provided with a circular magnetized material receiving hole 16 into which the magnetized material 14 can be inserted and extracted, and the magnetized material can be accommodated.
- Ten grooves 18 having a rectangular cross section extending radially from the outer surface of the hole 16 are provided at equal angles, and a rod-shaped magnetizing permanent magnet 20 having a rectangular cross section having a Curie point higher than that of the magnetized object 14 is provided in the groove 18.
- Each is a buried structure.
- the magnetized material 14 is inserted into the magnetized material receiving hole 16 in a state where the magnetized material 14 is heated above its Curie point, and a magnetizing magnetic field is applied by the magnetizing permanent magnet 20. Then, the magnetized object 14 is cooled to a temperature below the Curie point while being placed in the magnetizing jig 10, and then taken out from the magnetizing jig 10.
- any means such as resistance heating, high-frequency heating, laser heating, high-temperature gas flow heating, high-temperature liquid heating may be used.
- Cooling may be performed by any method other than natural cooling, such as water cooling, air cooling, forced cooling such as gas blowing, and heating temperature adjustment.
- an inert gas flow is performed.
- the magnetized object 14 can be easily and quickly inserted into the magnetized object receiving hole 16 of the magnetizing jig 10 by a moving mechanism (not shown), and easily and easily from the magnetized object receiving hole 16. It should be possible to remove it quickly.
- a magnetic pole corresponding to the magnetized magnetic pole appears on the outer peripheral surface of the ring-shaped permanent magnet that is the magnetized object.
- Figure 4 shows the situation of multipole magnetization applied to the ring-shaped permanent magnet, product 22!
- the Curie point of the permanent magnet for magnetization is set higher than the Curie point of the permanent magnet as the magnetized object so that the magnetizing permanent magnet can generate a magnetic field that can magnetize the magnetized object at a high temperature. Set it higher.
- the heating temperature is set to be higher than the Curie point of the permanent magnet that is the object to be magnetized.
- the heating temperature is set lower than the Curie point of the permanent magnet for magnetization in order to leave a magnetic field that can be magnetized on the object to be magnetized and to have a magnetizing ability.
- the maximum magnetization can be performed on the object to be magnetized, and the object to be magnetized is magnetized.
- a magnetic force is generated.
- a permanent magnet sufficiently magnetized at room temperature can be obtained.
- the evaluation of the magnetization quality by the method of the present invention can be quantitatively performed by measuring the surface magnetic flux density with a gauss meter.
- the change in the surface magnetic flux density (open) Bo [mT] with respect to the central angle [degree] is measured on the outer peripheral surface of the magnetized ring-shaped permanent magnet with reference to an arbitrary point. Do it by asking. Then, the following characteristics are obtained from the Bo peak value (absolute value) of all poles.
- the graph in the case of 16 pole magnetization is shown.
- Bo peak value variation ⁇ Bo (max) —Bo (mix) ⁇ ZBo (ave) In these values, if Bo ( aV e) is large, the magnetization characteristics (magnetic characteristics) are high. If the variation in Bo is small, it indicates that good quality magnetization is achieved.
- the permanent magnet system shown in Fig. 6 is the distance between magnetized poles [mm] when the object to be magnetized is an NdFeB isotropic bonded magnet (Curie point: about 350 ° C) and the heating temperature is 380 ° C.
- 5 is a graph showing the relationship of the average value Bo (ave) [mT] of the surface magnetic flux density peak value with respect to.
- a permanent magnet system using SmCo sintered magnets (Curie point: about 850 ° C) as a permanent magnet for magnetization and a coil energization system (room temperature) are shown in comparison.
- the magnetizing condition for the coil energization method was a practical magnetizing current density (22, OOOAZmm 2 ) that the magnetizing coil can withstand at room temperature. It can be seen that the permanent magnet method has an advantage over the coil energization method over the entire region in the region where the distance between the magnetic poles is 1 mm or less, and in particular, the smaller the distance between the magnetic poles, the greater the advantage.
- the ring-shaped permanent magnet which is the magnetized material, has a minimum diameter and the greater the number of magnetic poles, the permanent magnet system Is more advantageous.
- the permanent magnet system has a simpler structure, and even when heated, it eliminates the need for mold grease for fixing the lead wire, thus extending the life of the magnetizing jig and lowering the cost because no power is required for magnetizing. Can also contribute to
- the present invention can be magnetized from the inside or from both internal and external forces in the same manner as the magnetization from the outside. It can also be applied to magnetism.
- magnetic poles corresponding to the magnetized magnetic poles appear on the inner peripheral surface or both inner and outer peripheral surfaces of the ring-shaped permanent magnet, which is the magnetized object.
- FIGS. 7A and 7B An example of the inner magnetizing jig is shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B.
- the basic configuration is the same as in FIGS. 3A and 3B, and will be described briefly.
- FIG. 7A shows a plane
- FIG. 7B shows a longitudinal section.
- This is also an example of magnetizing a 10-pole ring-shaped magnetic object (permanent magnet).
- the magnetizing jig 30 is provided with an annular magnetized object receiving hole 36 into which the magnetized object 34 can be inserted and removed from the non-magnetic block 32, and the magnetized object receiving hole 36 has an inner part.
- ten grooves 38 extending from the side surface toward the center are provided at equal angles, and permanent magnets 40 for magnetization having higher Curie points than the magnetized object 34 are embedded in the grooves 38.
- the magnetized object 34 is inserted into the magnetized object receiving hole 36 in a state of being heated above its Curie point, and a magnetizing magnetic field is applied by the magnetizing permanent magnet 40. Then, the magnetized object 34 is cooled to a temperature below the Curie point while being placed in the magnetizing jig 30, and then taken out from the magnetizing jig 30. Thereby, inner surface magnetization can be performed.
- FIG. 8 shows a longitudinal section of an example of the inner and outer both-side magnetizing jig.
- the magnetizing jig 50 is provided with an annular magnetized object receiving hole 56 into which a magnetized object 54 can be inserted and extracted from a non-magnetic block 52, and an inner surface of the magnetized object receiving hole 56
- a number of grooves 58 extending from the outer surface toward the center and the same number of grooves 59 extending radially from the outer surface are provided at equal angles, and each groove 58, 59 has a higher Curie point than the magnetized material 54.
- the magnet 60, 61 is embedded.
- the magnetized material 54 is inserted into the magnetized material receiving hole 56 in a state where the magnetized material 54 is heated above its Curie point, and a magnetizing magnetic field is applied by the permanent magnets 60 and 61 for magnetizing. 54 is cooled to a temperature below the Curie point while being installed in the magnetizing jig 50 and is taken out from the magnetizing jig 50. . As a result, both the inside and outside magnetization can be performed.
- the magnetic field applying means for magnetization can be installed at an arbitrary position in the circumferential direction with respect to the annular or arcuate permanent magnet that is the magnetized object.
- the magnetized magnetic poles are Strengthen each other.
- FIG. 9B when the magnetizing magnetic field applying means is arranged so that the magnetic poles of the same polarity are opposed to each other on the inner side surface and the outer side surface of the object to be magnetized 70, the magnetized object is shown as indicated by a thick arrow.
- Magnetic poles weaken each other.
- the state of magnetization inside and outside can be adjusted accordingly. Since the inner magnetizing magnetic field can be partially strengthened or weakened by the outer magnetizing magnetic field, the desired optimum magnetizing waveform (distribution waveform of the surface magnetic flux density with respect to the angle of the magnetized object) can be realized.
- a configuration in which only one stage of magnetizing magnetic field applying means is installed in the axial direction, as well as a configuration in which the magnetizing magnetic field applying means is arranged in two upper and lower stages is possible.
- Examples of such magnetization are shown in Figs. 10A and 10B.
- 10A to 10C show magnetized patterns by developing the magnetized surface of the object to be magnetized. In A, it is magnetized so that magnetic poles with opposite polarities appear just above and below the axial direction (with the phase shifted by 180 degrees). In B, the magnetic poles are magnetized so that the magnetic poles deviate vertically (in this case, the phase is shifted by 90 degrees).
- the magnetizing magnetic field applying means are arranged in different steps, the amount of deviation of the magnetic pole in the axial direction can be set arbitrarily. In this way, it is easy to arrange the magnetizing magnetic field applying means in a different manner in the permanent magnet system.
- the cogging torque is a torque fluctuation and does not cause noise or uneven rotation. To reduce this, when cogging is generated that is 180 degrees out of phase with respect to a certain cogging, they cancel each other and the cogging torque is eliminated. A magnetized pattern with such characteristics can be easily obtained.
- skew magnetization as shown in FIG. 10C can be realized, for example, by tilting and arranging permanent magnets for magnetization.
- FIG. 11 and FIG. 12 show the results of measuring the magnetic force characteristics by using various kinds of magnetized objects and magnetizing jigs similar to those described above and varying the heating temperature in a wide range.
- Fig. 11 shows the heating temperature dependence of the average value Bo (ave) of the surface magnetic flux density peak value
- Fig. 12 shows the heating temperature dependence of the variation of the surface magnetic flux density peak value. From FIG. 11, it can be seen that Bo ( ave ) is high, that is, high magnetic force characteristics can be obtained if the heating temperature is equal to or higher than the Curie point of the adherend. From Fig.
- FIG. 13 shows the cooling temperature dependence of the average value Bo (ave) of all the poles of the surface magnetic flux density peak value
- Fig. 14 shows the cooling temperature dependence of the variation in the surface magnetic flux density peak value. From Fig. 13, it can be seen that the magnetic properties will be improved if the magnetized object is not cooled to some extent in the magnetizing space. It turns out that it does not express.
- the magnetized space is cooled to a temperature below the Curie point of the magnetic object to be magnetized, the magnetic characteristics are high and the variation is very small.
- the temperature is cooled to a temperature of about (Tc – 50 ° C), the variation in magnetic properties becomes the minimum level.
- the material of the permanent magnet that is the object to be magnetized is arbitrary.
- the method of the present invention can be applied to a general-purpose magnetic field (about 1592 kAZm: not only for magnetization but also for measuring magnet characteristics by current. This is particularly effective for materials that are difficult to be magnetized by the conventional magnetizing method using a general magnetic field limit that is generally referred to as a general magnetic field.
- Such magnet materials include Nd-based bonded magnets whose coercive force (iHe) exceeds 557 kAZm.
- a ring-shaped Nd bond magnet having an outer diameter of 2.6 mm, an inner diameter of 1. Omm, and a length of 3. Omm was subjected to 10-pole magnetization, and the magnetization characteristics were measured. .
- the heating conditions were set appropriately for each magnetic powder, the magnetized part temperature was set to 80 ° C, and the magnetized material was moved to the magnetized part immediately after heating and magnetized.
- Figure 15 shows the results of a comparison of the magnetization characteristics of five types of Nd-bonded magnets with different magnetic characteristics. Note that the coercive force (iHc): 557 kAZm and (BH) max: 119 kj / m 3 are magnets that have generally good magnetization characteristics in the conventional method.
- the method of the present invention is a method of magnetizing a permanent magnet that continues to apply a magnetizing magnetic field while lowering the temperature of a magnetized object from a temperature above its Curie point to a temperature below its Curie point. Even in the small-diameter multi-pole magnetized structure, the average value of the surface magnetic flux density peak value is high and the variation of the surface magnetic flux density peak value is small, that is, the magnetic property (magnetic property) is high and the magnetic quality is high. Good annular or arc-shaped permanent magnet force that can be obtained easily and at low cost.
- the method using a permanent magnet with a high Curie point as a means for applying a magnetizing magnetic field is easy to cope with the narrowing of the magnetizing pitch. Therefore, a ring with a minimum diameter of 3 mm or less and a multipolar ring of 10 or more poles. It is effective for magnetizing permanent magnets, and has the advantage of being able to reduce costs by simplifying the magnetizing jig, extending its service life, and eliminating the need for energization.
- Magnetization is performed from the inside of the permanent magnet that is the magnetized object.
- a sufficiently large magnetization magnetic field may not be obtained because there is not enough space for arranging the magnetic field applying means.
- sufficient magnetization characteristics can be obtained with a small magnetization magnetic field. But good magnetization can be achieved.
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Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP05820290.4A EP1835516B1 (en) | 2004-12-24 | 2005-12-21 | Magnetizing method for permanent magnet |
CN200580047428.0A CN101111910B (zh) | 2004-12-24 | 2005-12-21 | 磁化成永久磁体的方法 |
US11/821,508 US9082546B2 (en) | 2004-12-24 | 2007-06-22 | Method of magnetizing into permanent magnet |
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JP2004-374918 | 2004-12-24 | ||
JP2004374918 | 2004-12-24 | ||
JP2005343193A JP4697736B2 (ja) | 2004-12-24 | 2005-11-29 | 永久磁石の着磁方法 |
JP2005-343193 | 2005-11-29 |
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US11/821,508 Continuation US9082546B2 (en) | 2004-12-24 | 2007-06-22 | Method of magnetizing into permanent magnet |
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US (1) | US9082546B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1835516B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4697736B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101111910B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006068188A1 (ja) |
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JP2018139495A (ja) * | 2018-06-18 | 2018-09-06 | 株式会社デンソー | インナ型ロータ及びインナ型ロータの製造方法。 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1835516A4 (en) | 2010-04-07 |
US20080122565A1 (en) | 2008-05-29 |
JP4697736B2 (ja) | 2011-06-08 |
EP1835516A1 (en) | 2007-09-19 |
CN101111910A (zh) | 2008-01-23 |
EP1835516B1 (en) | 2015-07-22 |
JP2006203173A (ja) | 2006-08-03 |
CN101111910B (zh) | 2011-09-28 |
US9082546B2 (en) | 2015-07-14 |
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