WO2006043396A1 - ロボット装置 - Google Patents
ロボット装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006043396A1 WO2006043396A1 PCT/JP2005/017738 JP2005017738W WO2006043396A1 WO 2006043396 A1 WO2006043396 A1 WO 2006043396A1 JP 2005017738 W JP2005017738 W JP 2005017738W WO 2006043396 A1 WO2006043396 A1 WO 2006043396A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- robot
- work
- unit
- person
- space
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/0084—Programme-controlled manipulators comprising a plurality of manipulators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/0003—Home robots, i.e. small robots for domestic use
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/16—Programme controls
- B25J9/1674—Programme controls characterised by safety, monitoring, diagnostic
- B25J9/1676—Avoiding collision or forbidden zones
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/16—Programme controls
- B25J9/1694—Programme controls characterised by use of sensors other than normal servo-feedback from position, speed or acceleration sensors, perception control, multi-sensor controlled systems, sensor fusion
- B25J9/1697—Vision controlled systems
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a robot apparatus that performs work coexisting with a person in a living space of a person represented by a home.
- FIG. 19 shows a conventional robot safety device described in Patent Document 1 as Conventional Example 1.
- a safety mat 102 is laid around the industrial robot 101.
- the electrode switch of the safety mat 102 is detected by the weight of the worker, and the approach of the worker is detected, and the approach of the person to the control device 104 through the cable 103 is detected. Will be notified.
- the control device 104 reduces the operation speed trajectory, suppresses the impact when the robot 101 touches the arm, and realizes safe teaching work.
- FIG. 20 shows a mouth bot control device having a conventional tactile sensor described in Patent Document 2 as Conventional Example 2.
- an articulated arm type robot 111 has a plurality of tactile sensors 113 in an arm part 112.
- the robot 111 has a plurality of joints, and is roughly classified into joints that are directly related to work and joints that are not directly related to work.
- the joint that is not directly related to work is weighted away from the contact part, and weighting that avoids the work is performed, and the joint that is directly related to work is weighted with emphasis on work. .
- 110 is a visual system
- 133 is a contact controller
- 134 is a work command unit
- 135 is a work controller
- 136 is a motion selector
- 137 is a motion converter
- 138 is a linear relation generator. is there.
- FIG. 21 shows a block diagram of a conventional autonomous mobile device described in Patent Document 3 as Conventional Example 3.
- an autonomous mobile robot 121 has an ultrasonic sensor 122 for detecting an obstacle in the traveling direction and an infrared sensor 123 for detecting infrared rays emitted from a person.
- the infrared sensor 123 determines the person, and in the case of a person, the person must leave after waiting for a certain period of time. Execute avoidance operation. In addition, if it was not a person, the obstacle avoidance operation was performed immediately and the work of movement was realized.
- FIG. 22A and FIG. 22B show a conventional robot safety device described in Patent Document 4 as Conventional Example 4.
- the robot is on the right side 156R of the robot safety device 156.
- the shielding plate 152 on the human side 156L is raised and the shielding plate 158 on the robot side 156R is lowered as shown in FIG. 22A.
- the shielding plate 158 of the robot side 156R is raised and the shielding plate 152 of the person side 156L is lowered as shown in FIG. 22B.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 59_102595 (representative diagram)
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-89091 (Page 4, Figure 1)
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-198412 (Page 6, Figure 1)
- Patent Document 4 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-283277
- the robot work space and human The action space is generally in a separable environment. If the robot work space and the human action space are completely separated by a cover, safe work can be easily realized. On the other hand, even in the case where a part of the robot work space and the human action space are shared, the conventional example 1, the conventional example 2, and the conventional example 3 can be applied to perform safe work sufficiently.
- the conventional example 1 is basically effective only during teaching work. During regular work, the mouth bot work space and the human action space are designed not to be shared and operate at high speed. The robot is stopped immediately after it is detected by a sensor when the robot enters the work space.
- the contact portion of the person is detected by the contact sensor of the robot arm portion. Based on the input of the contact sensor, the robot performs the work while avoiding the contact by assigning command values to each joint of the robot so that the robot has a motion component that moves away from the contact partial force.
- an object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, and in an environment where most of the work space of the robot mechanism unit and the human action space are shared as represented by the home, the work efficiency It is to provide a robotic device that can safely perform robot work while ensuring safety.
- the present invention is configured as follows.
- a robot mechanism section having a robot arm and a robot body to which the robot arm is attached;
- An object recognition unit for recognizing one or more of a moving object, an animal, or a human object
- the object recognized by the object recognition unit is blocked from entering the work space of the robot mechanism unit, and the mouth A control unit that controls the robot mechanism unit so that the robot arm of the bot mechanism unit performs the work.
- the control unit changes the position for performing the shielding operation and the type of the shielding operation according to a relative positional relationship between the object recognized by the object recognition unit and a working space of the robot mechanism unit.
- a robot apparatus for controlling the robot mechanism so as to perform a shielding operation.
- a robot mechanism section having a robot arm, a robot body to which the robot arm is attached, and a moving mechanism for moving the robot body, a moving body, an animal, or a person
- An object recognition unit that recognizes one or more of the three objects
- a robot apparatus comprising a control unit for controlling the robot mechanism unit so as to perform a work by an arm, a work by the moving mechanism, or a coordinated operation of the robot arm and the moving mechanism.
- a member dedicated to shielding that completely blocks the work space of the mouth bot mechanism and the human action space such as a safety cover of an industrial robot.
- the robot device can secure the work space of the robot mechanism and work safely.
- FIG. 1A is a conceptual diagram of work and shielding operation of the robot apparatus in the first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 1B is a block diagram of the robot apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1C shows the robot working range in the robot apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 1. It is an explanatory diagram in the case where the range multiplied by the safety factor of 3 times, 1.5 times, 2 times is used as the work space of the robot mechanism part.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a shielding operation based on a relationship between a person and a work space of a robot mechanism unit in the robot apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a shielding operation based on a relationship between a person and a work space of a robot mechanism unit in a robot apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a shielding operation based on a relationship between a person and a work space of a robot mechanism unit in the robot apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5A is a diagram showing a table for explaining a control method of a shielding operation based on a risk in a robot apparatus according to another modification of the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5B is a diagram illustrating a robot device according to another modification of the first embodiment of the present invention, in which a risk is set based on physical properties such as the size and weight of a robot work target, and a shielding operation based on the risk is performed. It is a figure which shows the table
- FIG. 6A is an explanatory diagram for explaining a shielding operation based on a relationship between a person and a work space of a robot mechanism unit in the robot apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 6B is an explanatory diagram illustrating a shielding operation based on the relationship between a person and the work space of the robot mechanism unit in the robot apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 6C is an explanatory diagram illustrating a shielding operation based on the relationship between the person and the work space of the robot mechanism unit in the robot apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6D is an explanatory diagram illustrating a shielding operation based on the relationship between the person and the work space of the robot mechanism unit in the robot apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6E shows a modification of the shielding operation of the robot apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention. It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating this database,
- FIG. 7 shows a state in which an object jumps out from the work space of the robot mechanism section in the robot apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention (when a vegetable is cut with a knife held by the hand of the robot arm, It is an explanatory view explaining the state of scattering,
- FIG. 8 shows another state in which the object jumps out of the work space of the robot mechanism section in the robot apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention (pour hot water from the kettle held by the hand of the robot arm into the container.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a robot apparatus according to a modification of the first embodiment of the present invention in which a person is sitting and something high. It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating predicting the action that a person stands up to take with a prediction means,
- FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram for explaining prediction of a ball trajectory when a baseball ball flies into the work space of the robot mechanism section in the robot apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Yes,
- FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the shielding operation in the robot apparatus in still another modified example of the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12A is an explanatory diagram illustrating a shielding operation based on the relationship between a person and the work space of the robot mechanism section in a robot apparatus according to still another modification of the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12B is an explanatory diagram for explaining the shielding operation based on the relationship between the person and the work space of the robot mechanism unit in the robot apparatus according to still another modified example of the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12C is an explanatory diagram for explaining the shielding operation based on the relationship between the person and the work space of the robot mechanism unit in the robot apparatus according to still another modified example of the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12D is an explanatory diagram illustrating a shielding operation based on the relationship between the person and the work space of the robot mechanism unit in the robot apparatus according to another modified example of the first embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 13 is a diagram illustrating work and shielding operations of the robot apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention. It is a conceptual diagram,
- FIG. 14 is a conceptual diagram of work and shielding operation of the robot apparatus in the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a work conceptual diagram of the robot apparatus according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a work conceptual diagram of the robot apparatus according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is a work conceptual diagram of a robot apparatus according to a modified example of the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 18A is a conceptual diagram of the swinging motion of the robot apparatus according to a modification of the first to fourth embodiments of the present invention.
- FIG. 18B is a conceptual diagram of the swinging motion of the robot apparatus of the modification of the first to fourth embodiments of the present invention
- FIG. 19 is a diagram of the robot safety device of Conventional Example 1.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram of a robot control device having a tactile sensor of Conventional Example 2,
- FIG. 21 is a block diagram of the autonomous mobile device of Conventional Example 3.
- FIG. 22A is a diagram showing a robot safety device of Conventional Example 4,
- FIG. 22B is a diagram showing a robot safety device of Conventional Example 4.
- a robot mechanism section having a robot arm and a robot body to which the robot arm is attached;
- An object recognition unit for recognizing one or more of a moving object, an animal, or a human object
- the robot of the mouth bot mechanism unit blocks the entry of the object recognized by the object recognition unit into the work space of the robot mechanism unit.
- the control unit changes the position for performing the shielding operation and the type of the shielding operation according to a relative positional relationship between the object recognized by the object recognition unit and a working space of the robot mechanism unit.
- a robot apparatus for controlling the robot mechanism so as to perform a shielding operation.
- a robot mechanism section having a robot arm, a robot main body to which the robot arm is attached, and a moving mechanism for moving the robot main body, a moving body, an animal, or a person
- An object recognition unit that recognizes one or more of the three objects
- a robot apparatus comprising a control unit for controlling the robot mechanism unit so as to perform a work by an arm, a work by the moving mechanism, or a coordinated operation of the robot arm and the moving mechanism.
- the robot mechanism section has at least two robot arms
- the control unit is configured such that the shielding operation by a part of the robot mechanism unit is a shielding operation by one robot arm performing the work out of the two robot arms of the robot mechanism unit or the other not performing the work.
- the robot apparatus according to the first or second aspect is provided for controlling the robot mechanism so that the robot arm is shielded by the robot arm.
- control unit is configured such that the shielding operation by a part of the robot mechanism unit is a direction change of the robot mechanism unit by a turning mechanism or the moving mechanism.
- a robot apparatus according to a second aspect for controlling the robot mechanism section is provided.
- control unit determines the position of the shielding operation according to a positional relationship between the object recognized by the object recognition unit and a work space of the robot mechanism unit.
- a mouth bot device according to a first aspect of controlling the robot mechanism so as to change speed and flexibility is provided.
- the motion of the object recognized by the object recognition unit is predicted.
- control unit controls the robot mechanism unit to change the position, speed, and flexibility of the shielding operation.
- a robot apparatus according to one aspect is provided.
- control unit controls the robot mechanism unit so as to change the position, speed, and flexibility of the shielding operation according to the degree of risk of the robot work.
- a robot apparatus according to the fifth or sixth aspect is provided.
- control unit controls the robot mechanism unit so that the shielding operation is an operation for guiding the moving direction of the object.
- a robotic device according to one embodiment is provided.
- the database of information stored in association with the information on the work contents to be performed by the robot mechanism section and the information on the presence or absence of continuity corresponding to the work contents Further comprising
- control unit When the control unit reads out the information in the database, determines whether the continuity of each work content is necessary, and causes the robot mechanism unit to perform the work content that requires continuity,
- the robot apparatus according to any one of the first to eighth forces for controlling the robot mechanism so as to perform a shielding operation different from the work content that does not need continuity is provided.
- FIG. 1A and 1B are a conceptual work diagram and a block diagram of the robot apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the robot arm that performs the work of the robot apparatus is referred to as a working robot arm 1.
- the robot apparatus includes a robot mechanism 899 having a robot body 899A having a work robot arm (first robot arm) 1 and a second robot arm 7 different from the work robot arm 1, and a work robot arm 1.
- the moving part 911, the object recognition part 4 for recognizing one or more of the three objects of the moving object, the animal or the person, and the recognition result in the object recognition part 4 are input, and the first robot arm
- the drive unit 901, the second robot arm drive unit 907, and the moving mechanism drive unit 911 are configured to include a control unit 900 that independently controls the operation.
- Reference numeral 902 is connected to the control unit 900 and stores an operation program for independently driving the first robot arm driving unit 901, the second robot arm driving unit 907, and the moving mechanism driving unit 911.
- the working robot arm 1 performs work on the work target object 2 by driving the first robot arm driving unit 901 by the control unit 900.
- the frying pan 2 is considered as an example of the work target object 2, and the housework support work in which the working robot arm 1 swings with the frying pan 2 is described as an example of the robot apparatus work.
- the robot apparatus fries vegetables with the frying pan 2
- the working mouth bot arm 1 holding the frying pan 2 with the hand la at the tip is oscillated by the first robot arm driving unit 901 so that the frying pan 2 Shake up, down, left and right to stir and stir the ingredients inside.
- the work mouth bot arm 1 and the frying pan 2 move and operate within a certain range of up, down, left and right, and the work space of the robot mechanism 899 (hereinafter referred to as “robot” Abbreviated as “work space”.) 3.
- the size and shape of the robot work space 3 basically varies depending on the work contents of the robot mechanism unit 899.
- the robot work space 3 shows the space in which the robot mechanism 899 can move during work, the orientation of the robot mechanism 899, the position of the robot arm 1 etc., speed, angular velocity, 1 penetrating moment, work-specific
- the robot arm 1 and the frying pan 2 at a certain point of time may be used as a robot work space 3 (working range), and the robot arm 1 may be moved (work range).
- Overall range (work range) in which robot arm 1 and frying pan 2 can move May be used as the robot work space 3.
- the range (working range) that can be reached between a certain point in time and after a specified time (for example, 1 second) is also set in the same way. Space 3 may be used.
- a range obtained by multiplying the work range 3 R by a safety factor (eg, 1.3 times, 1.5 times, 2 times) may be defined as the robot work space 3. .
- the method for determining the safety factor it can be considered to determine the safety factor by using the kinetic energy of the robot arm 1 and the work object (for example, frying pan) in the robot work space 3.
- the kinetic energy value is used as a reference value. If the energy value is less than the reference value, the safety factor is 1. If the energy value exceeds the reference value, the ratio to the kinetic energy value that is the reference value is used as the safety factor.
- the work of swinging with the frying pan 2 is shown, but any operation may be performed as long as the work is performed using the work robot arm 1.
- the work robot arm 1 may be configured as a vertical articulated type, a horizontal articulated type, a parallel link type, or the like.
- an end effector may be provided at the tip of the working robot arm 1 as a hand la, and the mechanism may be a suction type, mechanical hand, or the like that can be exchanged according to the work.
- the robot apparatus includes the object recognition unit 4 that recognizes one or more of the three of the moving body, the animal, and the person.
- the moving body here refers to objects that move, such as doors that open and close, balls, and cars.
- the recognition target object is described as a person 5 below.
- the object recognition unit 4 may measure a person, an animal, or a moving body by performing image processing using an image sensor such as a CCD camera or an infrared camera.
- the object recognition unit 4 may be a recognition using a laser range finder or a distance measuring sensor using infrared rays.
- the object recognition unit 4 may be a recognition by integrating a plurality of sensors using only one type of sensor, such as a force sensor or a photoelectric sensor.
- the object recognition unit 4 is part of the robot mechanism unit 899 as shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B. It may also be provided on the ceiling 800 above the room where the robot mechanism 899 is placed, and the information from the sensor 4A (see FIG. 2) as the object recognition unit 4 is wirelessly or wired.
- the control unit 900 of the robot mechanism unit 899 may be given as follows.
- a space in which the recognition target object 2 moves is defined as an action space 6.
- the action space of the person 5 (hereinafter abbreviated as a human action space) 6 is obtained.
- the human action space 6 may be defined on the basis of the range in which the person 5 can move from the speed of the person 5 in unit time. Specifically, the range that can be reached by a part of the body of the person 5 at a certain point in time can be defined as the human action space 6, and if the person 5 has speed in a certain direction, The entire reachable range from the time until the specified time (for example, 1 second) may be used as the human action space 6.
- a range obtained by multiplying the range by a safety factor (for example, 1.2 times) may be defined as human action space 6.
- the human action space 6 may be defined based on the movement of the person 5 using parameter meters such as the direction of travel, position, velocity, acceleration, and inertia moment of the person 5. Good.
- the robot mechanism unit 899 performs a rocking motion by holding the frying pan 2, for example, in the work of frying vegetables, but the human 5 contacts the working robot arm 1 and the frying pan 2. Then it is dangerous. Therefore, in order to perform the robot work while ensuring the safety of the person 5, it is necessary that the robot work space 3 and the human action space 6 do not intersect spatially. Therefore, the robot mechanism unit 899 performs a shielding operation that blocks the robot work space 3 and the human action space 6 while working in the robot work space 3 under the control of the control unit 900.
- a part of the robot mechanism unit 899 that performs the shielding operation is a part of the robot mechanism unit 899 other than the work robot arm 1, and specifically, the robot arm 7 is described.
- the first robot arm driving unit 901 is driven to drive the second robot arm while performing work with the work robot arm 1 in the robot work space 3.
- the second robot arm 7 performs a shielding operation that blocks the robot work space 3 and the human action space 6 by driving the part 907.
- the robot mechanism unit 899 other than the above-described work robot arm 1 does not have to be a robot arm type, but operates a movable shielding plate attached to the robot mechanism unit 899 to perform a shielding operation. Any mechanism that has a shielding effect to block the robot work space 3 and the human action space 6 may be used. Further, the shielding mechanism is not directly attached to the main body of the robot mechanism unit 899, but the shielding mechanism is attached to the wall or ceiling of the room where the robot mechanism unit 899 is arranged, so that the control unit of the robot mechanism unit 899 Even if it is driven by the control of 900 and performs a shielding operation.
- the robot mechanism unit 899 is configured such that the human action space 6 is based on the recognition information in the object recognition unit 4, information stored in the database 902, work performed in the robot mechanism unit 899, and the like.
- the second robot arm driving unit 907 is driven by the control of the control unit 900 so that the robot arm 7 is not approached, and the robot arm 7 is used to perform the shielding operation.
- the robot arm 7 can be shielded by moving the human 5 in the up / down direction or in the left / right direction along the direction intersecting the shortest straight line connecting the human 5 and the robot work space 3 or the moving direction of the human 5.
- the robot arm 7 is swung in the back and forth direction, and its swing speed, swing width, etc.
- the database 902 is determined in advance based on the work to be performed. For example, when the human action space 6 and the robot work space 3 are far away from each other, the swing speed is slow and the swing width is reduced, and as the human action space 6 and the robot work space 3 approach each other, the swing is reduced. It is also possible to select a plurality of types of swing motions as appropriate by the control unit 900 according to the distance between the human action space 6 and the robot work space 3, such as a high motion speed and a large swing range. ,.
- the robot mechanism unit 899 performs the human action of the person 5 in the object recognition unit 4 during the work in the robot work space 3 or before and during the work in the robot work space 3. Recognize space 6.
- the human action space 6 is not always stationary and moves according to the movement of the person 5. Therefore, based on the recognition information in the object recognition unit 4, the second robot arm drive unit 907 is driven by the control of the control unit 900 so that the human action space 6 does not approach the robot work space 3.
- the robot arm 7 is powered according to the movement of the person 5 to perform an action (shielding action) that blocks the movement of the person.
- the second robot arm drive unit 907 is driven by the control of the control unit 900 based on the recognition information in the object recognition unit 4, and an intermediate portion between the robot work space 3 and the human action space 6.
- the robot mechanism 899 positioned on the robot arm 7 (specifically, the hand 7a and the first arm 7b at the tip of the robot arm 7)
- the robot arm 7 is positioned along the direction intersecting the direction in which the person 5 approaches. And swing the second arm 7c).
- the movement of the person 5 can be prevented by the shielding operation of the robot arm 7, and the human action space 6 can be prevented from approaching the robot work space 3.
- the recognition target object is the person 5
- the shielding mechanism is described by taking the robot arm 7 as an example.
- FIGS. 2 to 5B are conceptual diagrams of the shielding operation method, and show the relative positional relationship between the robot work space 3 and the human action space 6 of the person 5.
- the reason for the relative positional relationship is that when the robot mechanism unit 899 has the moving mechanism 11 as described later, the robot work space 3 itself of the robot mechanism unit 899 also moves.
- the robot work space 3 and the human action space 6 must be operated so as not to cross each other.
- the object recognition unit 4 uses the coordinate position of the robot mechanism unit 899 and the person 5
- the robot work space 3 is determined by reading out the work to be performed by the robot mechanism unit 899 from the database 902.
- the center of gravity and radius of the robot work space 3 are set to Gl l and Rl l, respectively, and the center of gravity and radius of the human action space 6 are set to G 21, R21.
- the controller 900 determines whether the robot working space 3 and the human action space 6 have a sufficient distance. Specifically, based on the recognition information, the intersection of the straight line L1 and the circumference (Rl l, R12) connecting both centroids (Gl l, G12) is (Al, B1), and the line segment Al -Determine whether B1 is greater than a predetermined reference distance. As shown in Fig. 2, when the robot working space 3 and the human action space 6 have a sufficient distance, that is, when the control unit 900 determines that the line segment A1-B1 is larger than the reference distance, the control unit 900 Shielding operation may be performed between line segments A1 and B1 by driving the second robot arm driving unit 907 by 900.
- the robot arm 7 is positioned at a position C1 where the middle of the line segment Al—B 1 becomes a constant ratio (2: 1 as an example). You can also do the shielding action. In this way, the shielding operation is reliably performed between the robot working space 3 and the human action space 6, so that the person 5 and the robot arm 7 that performs the shielding operation are unlikely to contact each other. And can be safely shielded by the robot arm 7.
- the control unit 900 determines that the line segment A1-B1 is equal to or less than the reference distance.
- the second robot is controlled by the control unit 900 between the line segment A1 and G21 between the center of gravity G21 of the human action space 6 on the human side of the human side of the intersection B1 and the line A1 to G21.
- the shielding operation by the robot arm 7 may be performed by driving the arm driving unit 907. More specifically, between the segment Al and G21, the robot arm 7 is positioned at a position C1 where the second robot arm drive unit 907 is driven by the control unit 900 to always have a constant ratio (for example, 2: 1).
- the above-described shielding operation is performed.
- the robot arm 7 since the robot work space 3 and the human action space 6 are close to each other, the robot arm 7 enters and blocks the human action space 6, and in some cases, the robot arm 7 may come into contact with the person 5. Also have.
- the robot arm 7 that may come into contact with the person 5
- the robot arm 7 can be made softer and more compliant so that safety against humans 5 can be protected without injury even if they come into contact.
- the robot arm 7 has a spring shape so that it Gentle control is possible.
- a sensor such as a force sensor may be placed at the contact portion of the robot arm 7 with the person 5, and the contact between the robot arm 7 and the person 5 is determined from the input / output relationship of the joint portion of the robot arm 7. It may be estimated.
- the force that may stop the robot arm 7 operation when it detects contact with a person is detected.
- the robot arm 7 comes in contact with the person safely with a spring and a damper, so there is no danger to the person.
- the second robot arm drive unit 907 is driven by It is carried out.
- the height and position of the robot arm 7 may cause a piece of vegetable to fly. It is preferable to operate in consideration of height and position. Whether or not there is a possibility that a piece of vegetable may fly depends on whether or not to set a safer spare area outside the robot work space 3 according to the work contents when the robot arm 1 is used for work. You can store it in the database 902.
- the robot mechanism unit 899 reads out the work to be performed from the database 902 and when it is instructed to set a safe reserve range, the robot work space 3 is defined as a range in which the safe reserve range is set. do it
- the robot working range is a range of diameter lm, and an area considering the material scattering is 2 m in diameter. If the human work area has a radius of lm, the proximity warning area may be set where the human work area is 30 cm (with a diameter of 1.6 m) from the robot work area.
- the robot arm 7 can be swung to the left and right at an amplitude of 50 cm and a frequency of about 1 Hz at the border of the 3G region.
- the robot arm 7 may be swung up and down with an amplitude of 30 cm and a frequency of about 2 Hz on the front of the face so as to block the view.
- the swing range of the robot arm 7 comes into contact with the person and stops relative to the person, and the robot arm 7 is controlled by compliance control such that the person is not shocked. Man Let's take care of the power and respond.
- Step S1 Prepare ingredients (wash, cut, etc.). Continuity is not necessary for this step S1.
- Step S2 Heat the ingredients. This step S2 requires the above reasoning continuity.
- Step S3 Dispose. Continuity is not necessary for the work in this step S3.
- An example of recording such information in the database 902 is shown in FIG. 6E.
- the robot work is divided into predetermined steps in advance, and those that require continuous work are defined as a group of steps (step S2 in this example).
- step S1 which is a work of cutting food
- step S1 which is a work of cutting food
- the working speed in the robot working space 3 is changed according to the contact force of the person 5 with the robot arm 7.
- the contact force of the person 5 against the robot arm 7 is high
- the work speed in the robot work space 3 is reduced
- the contact force of the person 5 against the robot arm 7 is low
- the contact force is higher than when the contact force is high.
- Whether the contact force of the person 5 on the robot arm 7 is high or not is detected by, for example, a contact sensor attached to the robot arm 7 and controlled based on the detection result.
- the part 900 may control the work speed in the robot work space 3.
- step S2 which is an operation of heating food
- step S2 is performed. Since the continuity of the robot is high (continuity is required), the force applied to the robot 5 from the robot arm 7 is higher than that of step S1 (with low compliance) and shielded, and the operation of the series of steps S2 is completed. Until such time, such a shielding state is continued.
- step S3 which is a serving operation, for example, when the person 5 approaches and the robot arm 7 comes into contact with the person 5 as shown in FIG. 6D, the shielding is performed in the same manner as in step S1. To do.
- the work can be reliably completed by changing the shielding operation according to the work content (continuity).
- the database 902 stores information on each work content and information on the presence or absence of continuity corresponding to the work content, and stores them in the control unit. 900, the information in database 902 is read out, the necessity of continuity of each work content is judged, and the information in database 902 is read out by control unit 900, and each work content is continued.
- the robot mechanism unit 899 performs the work content that needs continuity and performs the shielding operation different from the work content that does not need continuity
- the robot mechanism unit 89 If you want to control 9,
- a prediction unit 910 that is connected to the control unit 900 and predicts the size and shape of the human action space 6 is further provided, and the prediction unit 910 is used.
- the size and shape of the human action space 6 may be predicted.
- the relative relationship between the person 5 and the robot work space 3 varies greatly depending on how the person 5 will move and how the person 5 will move.
- the prediction unit 910 predicts the behavior of the person 5, and based on the relative relationship according to the prediction, the control unit 900 By performing the shielding operation with the second robot arm 107 by driving the second robot arm driving unit 907, safer work can be performed. More specifically, as shown in Figure 9, person 5A is sitting and something If the predictor 910 can predict the behavior that the person 5A stands up (takes the state of the person 5B in Fig.
- the space above the person 5 is also the human action space of the person 5 6 can be recognized by the object recognizing unit 4, and work with improved safety can be performed. More specifically, an example is given in which a person 5A is sitting on a chair and standing still. Suppose that there is a shelf 800 with an open / close door 800A above the person 5A. If the robot mechanism 899's work is to open the door 800A and take out the object inside, the person 5A is now sitting and stationary, so there is no safety problem even if the door 800A is opened or closed. However, if person 5A stands up (if person 5B is in the state of Fig. 9), door 800A hits the head of person 5B and is dangerous.
- the recognition target object is a baseball ball 40
- the ball 40 flies into the robot work space 3, so that the case where the ball 40 is blocked will be described as an example.
- An object recognition unit 4 such as a camera recognizes the movement trajectory 40A of the ball 40, and predicts the movement trajectory 40A of the ball 40 with the predicting means 910 using data on which side gravity is acting.
- the prediction by the prediction means 910 is performed as follows. That is, as shown in FIG.
- the recognition target object is a ball 40
- a camera is used as the object recognition unit 4
- two consecutive images are taken in a very short time, and they are preliminarily detected.
- the size, speed, and height of the ball 40 can be determined. From this result, it is easy to estimate in advance which position the ball 40 can move to in what time by considering the direction of gravity.
- the control unit 900 generates a blocking operation with respect to the current robot work space 3, so that a more reliable blocking operation can be performed.
- the shielding operation by the robot arm 7 is swung within a large range to some extent, a larger space is shielded, and it is possible to cope with the deviation of the movement locus 40A of the ball 40.
- better work can be performed by using the prediction unit 910 that recognizes the robot work space 3 and performs prediction in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5A is a conceptual diagram of a shielding operation control method in consideration of the risk level of a work target, as another modification of the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the standard of shielding operation is a mechanical parameter such as position, but the method of controlling the shielding operation by introducing a new concept of risk is shown.
- the risk level is set according to the work contents and the recognition target.
- An example of setting the risk level is shown in Fig. 5A.
- the risk level is set as 100% when the risk level is set to 100 when the risk level is set to 100% when the risk level is the lowest when the target level is an adult and a cold pan.
- the numbers in the table are for children and hot pots and hot pots, respectively. That is, the risk is 150 when the recognition target is an adult and a hot pan, the risk is 130 when the recognition target is a child and a cold pan, and the risk is 200 when the recognition target is a child and a hot pan.
- a value obtained by multiplying the robot workspace 3 of the person 5 when the risk is 100 is set as the size of the final robot workspace 3.
- the size of the robot work space 3 in this case is equal to the robot work space 3 of person 5 when the risk is 100.
- the robot workspace 3 By doing so, it is possible to realize a robot shielding operation in which the area where the person 5 approaches is small. Similarly, a similar shielding operation can be realized by increasing the human action space 6 according to the degree of danger.
- the degree of danger may be set by physical properties such as the size and weight of the robot work target.
- the risk is set two-dimensionally using the weight and hardness of the fruit as parameters.
- the robot's work target for example, the object to be transported
- the risk of injury when it hits a person increases.
- the degree of danger is high, the distance of the person 5 to the work space 3 may be further increased as compared with the case where the degree of danger is low.
- the higher the danger level the lower the robot arm movement speed may be.
- the higher the danger level the larger the panel and damper terms in the compliance control of the robot arm when it comes in contact with a person may be flexible.
- the risk level is set to 100 when the risk level is set to 100 when the risk level is set to the lowest when the weight of the work target is light and the hardness of the work target is soft. It is assumed that the numerical values in the table are shown when the weight is heavy and light, and when the hardness is soft and hard. In other words, when the work object is heavy and the work object is soft, the risk is 150. When the work object is light and the work object is hard, the risk is 120, and the work object is heavy. If the work object is hard, the risk is 200. Then, the value obtained by multiplying the risk of the robot work space 3 of the person 5 when the risk is 100 is the size of the final robot work space 3.
- the size of robot work space 3 in this case is the robot work of person 5 when the risk is 100
- the robot work space 3 having a numerical value obtained by multiplying the space 3 by the degree of danger 200 is set to the robot work space 3 that is twice the size of the robot work space 3 having the risk degree 100.
- the degree of risk is determined from two parameters of weight and hardness, but the number of parameters may be determined by one or more parameters depending on the work content and situation.
- FIG. 11 and FIGS. 12A to 12D are conceptual diagrams in the case where the shielding operation is an operation for guiding the moving direction of an object as still another modification of the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the robot arm 7 when the human action space 6 approaches the robot work space 3 by blocking the person 5 who is a recognition object by the shielding operation, the robot arm 7 also allows contact with the person 5 and I try to stop it.
- the work is performed while ensuring work safety by changing the moving direction of the person 5 who does not stop the person 5 as the recognition object. It is.
- a human 5 will be described as an example of a recognition object.
- the robot arm 7 is shielded by the second robot arm drive unit 907 driven by the control unit 900, and at the same time, the robot arm Move 7 from position A10 force to position All. Or, spatially, the mouth bot arm 7 is moved in a planar manner so as to form a wall from the position A10 to the position Al l (specifically, the hand 7a and the first arm 7b are bent). (Bends between the first arm 7b and the second arm 7c in a state of being positioned in a straight line without causing the hand 7a and the first arm 7b to move back and forth linearly) (See Figure 12B).
- Robot arm 7 moves from position A10 to position All.
- the traveling direction is changed from the position B10 to the position B11 in a reflective manner (see FIGS. 12C and 12D). In this way, by performing the guidance operation so as to change the direction of the operation with respect to the person 5, contact between the robot arm 7 and the person 5 can be avoided and safer work can be realized.
- the object recognized by the object recognition unit 4 is a person, it may be a moving body such as an animal, a self-propelled device such as another robot or a cleaning robot.
- animals include dogs and cats that are generally kept at home as pets, and operations that block dogs and cats from entering the robot work space 3 of the robot mechanism 899.
- mobile objects are refrigerators and doors used to open and close rooms. If the robot workspace 3 is crossed when the door is opened, the object recognition unit 4 recognizes the position and movement of the door, By blocking the door opening / closing space with the robot work space 3 with a shielding operation, the work can be performed reliably.
- Another example of a moving body is a baseball ball. When a baseball ball is recognized as approaching, it is possible to prevent entry into the work space by blocking the trajectory.
- the working robot arm 1 and the robot arm 7 are expressed as separate mechanisms.
- Robot arm 1 may be used for shielding operation with redundant degrees of freedom that robot arm 1 does not use for work.
- the other robot arm can be used as a shielding operation. The shielding operation may be performed in the work or another.
- the object recognition unit 4 that recognizes the person (recognition target object) 5 is provided, and the robot arm (one of the robot mechanisms) is provided.
- the human action space of the person 5 recognized by the object recognition part 4 (the action space of the object to be recognized) 6 can be controlled so as not to be actively approached from the robot side.
- the robot arm 1 can perform safe work.
- FIG. 13 is a work conceptual diagram of the robot apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the same components as those in FIGS. 1A to 11 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and descriptions thereof are omitted.
- the robot apparatus includes a moving mechanism 11 that moves the robot body 899A of the robot mechanism unit 899.
- a wheel type moving mechanism 11 will be described as an example.
- the moving mechanism 11 includes a casing 11A fixed to the robot body 899A of the robot mechanism section 899, two pairs of wheels 12 rotatably supported by the casing 11A, and two pairs of wheels 12 that are driven forward and reverse.
- the moving mechanism driving unit 911 such as a motor to be moved can move the robot mechanism unit 899 forward and backward.
- the frying pan 2 is stacked on the upper part of the moving mechanism 11 and the transfer work is performed.
- the robot work space 3 and the human action space 6 overlap. At that time, it is necessary to stop or slow down the transfer work by the moving mechanism 11, and the transfer work The efficiency of the work will decline.
- the moving mechanism 11 moves forward, the moving mechanism 1
- the robot working space 3 may be defined by itself and its traveling direction.
- the moving mechanism 11 is a wheel mechanism, but it may be a leg-type mechanism, a crawler mechanism, a rail or the like that moves.
- the second embodiment also shows an example in which a part of the robot mechanism unit 899 that performs the shielding operation is the robot arm 7. Further, as in the first embodiment, a case where the recognition target object of the object recognition unit 4 is also a person 5 is shown as an example.
- the robot mechanism unit 899 has a robot arm (a part of the robot mechanism unit 899) 7 to prevent the human action space (behavior (motion) space of the recognition target object) 6 from approaching the robot work space 3. Use to shield.
- the robot mechanism unit 899 recognizes the human action space 6 of the person 5 by the object recognition unit 4.
- the human action space 6 is not always stationary but moves according to the movement of the person 5. Therefore, in order to prevent the human action space 6 (the action space of the object to be recognized) 6 from approaching the robot work space 3, the second robot arm drive unit 907 is driven by the control unit 900, and the mouth bot arm is moved according to the movement of the person 5. (A part of the robot mechanism 899) Move 7 to block people from moving.
- the second robot arm driving unit 907 is driven by the control unit 900 so that at least the distal end portion of the robot arm 7 is positioned in the middle of the robot work space 3 and the human action space 6.
- the shielding operation is the same as the shielding operation of the first embodiment.
- the robot mechanism unit 899 having the moving mechanism 11 is provided with the object recognition unit 4, and the robot arm (part of the robot mechanism unit 899) 7 performs the shielding operation,
- the human action space 6 recognized by the recognition unit 4 (the action space of the object to be recognized) 6 can be actively controlled from the robot side, and the transport mechanism 11 can perform safe transport work.
- a specific example is when serving food such as rice, miso soup and pickles on a tray, to a table where a person 5 approaches If the structure 11 cannot move in the direction of travel, the path of the human 5 is obstructed by one robot arm to secure the path of the moving mechanism 11, and then the moving mechanism 11 moves to serve This is the force S.
- FIG. 14 is a conceptual work diagram of the robot apparatus according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- the same components as those in FIGS. 1A to 13 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.
- the robot apparatus is provided with a working robot arm 1 and a working moving mechanism 11.
- the moving mechanism 11 is described as a wheel type as in the second embodiment. Do.
- the work moving mechanism 11 can be moved by the four wheels 12 by driving the moving mechanism driving unit 911 by the control unit 900.
- the work contents include a first robot arm driving unit 901 by the control unit 900.
- the robot body 899A is moved by the moving mechanism 11 and moved to the specified shelf (not shown) while holding the frying pan 2 with the hand la of the work robot arm 1 and moving it upward. As shown.
- the robot work space 3 is a robot work space for the work of only the work robot arm 1 (the robot work of the first embodiment) because the degree of freedom used for work is greater than in the first and second embodiments. Space) 3, Robot work space for moving mechanism 11 (robot work space in the second embodiment) 3 is larger.
- the content of the work may be a cooperative work of the moving mechanism 11 and the work robot arm 1.
- the third embodiment also shows an example in which a part of the robot mechanism unit 899 that performs the shielding operation is the robot arm 7. Further, as in the first embodiment, a case where the recognition target of the object recognition unit 4 is also a person 5 is shown as an example.
- the robot mechanism unit 899 has a robot arm (part of the robot mechanism unit 899) 7 to prevent the human action space (behavior (motion) space of the recognition target object) 6 from approaching the robot work space 3. Use to shield.
- the robot mechanism unit 899 recognizes the human action space 6 of the person 5 by the object recognition unit 4.
- the human action space 6 is not always stationary but moves according to the movement of the person 5. for that reason,
- the robot bot arm is moved according to the movement of the person 5 by driving the second robot arm drive unit 907 by the control unit 900 so that the human action space (the action space of the recognition target object) 6 does not approach the robot work space 3.
- (A part of the robot mechanism 899) Move 7 to block people from moving.
- the second robot arm driving unit 907 is driven by the control unit 900 so that at least the distal end portion of the robot arm 7 is positioned in the middle of the robot work space 3 and the human action space 6.
- the robot arm (part of the robot mechanism unit 899) 7 performs the shielding operation.
- the human action space 6 of the person 5 recognized by the object recognition unit 4 can be controlled from the robot side, and the work robot arm 1 and the work movement mechanism 11 can perform safe work. It can be carried out.
- FIGS. 15, 16, and 17 are work conceptual diagrams of the robot apparatus according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. 15, 16, and 17, the same components as those in FIGS. 1A to 14 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.
- a robot mechanism unit 899 includes a work robot arm 1 and a work moving mechanism 11.
- the robot mechanism unit 899 uses the work robot arm 1 to peel an apple using a knife, for example.
- the robot mechanism unit 899 it is necessary to secure the robot work space 3 and to eliminate the intersection of the robot work space 3 and the human action space 6 of the person 5.
- the robot arm 7 (part of the robot mechanism unit 899) is used to block the human action space 6 of the person 5 and to move the human action space 6 of the person 5. It is in the form of hindering.
- the recognition target of the object recognition unit 4 is the person 5 is shown as an example.
- the control unit The movement mechanism drive unit 911 drives the rotation of the wheel 12 by changing the direction of part or all of the wheel 12 with respect to the casing 11A by driving the 911, thereby moving the robot 12 of the robot mechanism unit 89 9 together with the movement mechanism 11.
- the main body 899A turns, and the main body 899A of the robot mechanism 899 is placed in the middle of the robot work space 3 and the human action space 6 (the action space of the recognition target object).
- the robot mechanism 899 can be swung with respect to the casing 11A, and the robot work space 3 and the human action space 6 can be separated from the robot mechanism 899 in the movement mechanism 11 where the robot body 899A is not disposed (robot It can be blocked by a part of the mechanical part 899). That is, here, the robot body 899A force arranged on one end side of the casing 11A of the moving mechanism 11 is operated in the robot work space 3 toward the other end side (right side in FIG. 15) of the casing 11A as shown in FIG. Suppose that At this time, in this shielding operation, the human action space 6 and the robot work space 3 are moved by turning the robot body 899A by the turning joint mechanism 13 as shown in FIG.
- the robot body 899A is facing the other side (the right side in Fig. 15) and the other side (the left side in Fig. 15), and the person 5 is working in the robot work space 3 on the opposite side.
- the other end of the casing 11A of the moving mechanism 11 (a part of the robot mechanism 899) can prevent the person 5 from approaching the robot work space 3, and the robot work space 3 can be reduced.
- Robot work can be continued by moving away from the human action space 6.
- the work can be continued even if the robot work space 3 moves.
- the body portion 14 and the mobile mechanism 11 are turned by using the turning by the moving mechanism 11 or the turning by the turning joint mechanism 13.
- the robot work space 3 and the human action space 6 can be shielded by using a part of the robot mechanism 899 such as the part where the robot body 899A is not arranged.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and can be carried out in various modes.
- the robot arm 7 or 1 when swinging the robot arm 7 or 1 to perform the shielding operation, the robot arm 7 or 1 is not limited to swinging using the hand 7a, the first arm 7b, and the second arm 7c, but as shown in FIG. It is also possible to perform the shielding operation by swinging only the hand 7a, or perform the shielding operation by swinging the elbow portions of the first arm 7b and the second arm 7c as shown in FIG. 18B.
- a part of the robot mechanism can be used to block a person and to efficiently secure a robot work space. It is possible for robots to perform safe work in a shared environment, and it is useful as a robot control method in the field of home robots.
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (3)
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JP2006542300A JP3927994B2 (ja) | 2004-10-19 | 2005-09-27 | ロボット装置 |
US11/783,582 US7539558B2 (en) | 2004-10-19 | 2007-04-10 | Robot apparatus |
US12/356,719 US7778732B2 (en) | 2004-10-19 | 2009-01-21 | Robot apparatus performing shielding operation of an object from workspace |
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JP2004-304161 | 2004-10-19 | ||
JP2004304161 | 2004-10-19 |
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WO2006043396A1 true WO2006043396A1 (ja) | 2006-04-27 |
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PCT/JP2005/017738 WO2006043396A1 (ja) | 2004-10-19 | 2005-09-27 | ロボット装置 |
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US (2) | US7539558B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3927994B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100556623C (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006043396A1 (ja) |
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Also Published As
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CN100556623C (zh) | 2009-11-04 |
US7539558B2 (en) | 2009-05-26 |
US7778732B2 (en) | 2010-08-17 |
US20080161970A1 (en) | 2008-07-03 |
US20090125145A1 (en) | 2009-05-14 |
JP3927994B2 (ja) | 2007-06-13 |
JPWO2006043396A1 (ja) | 2008-05-22 |
CN101039779A (zh) | 2007-09-19 |
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