WO2006030971A1 - 高強度部品およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
高強度部品およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006030971A1 WO2006030971A1 PCT/JP2005/017441 JP2005017441W WO2006030971A1 WO 2006030971 A1 WO2006030971 A1 WO 2006030971A1 JP 2005017441 W JP2005017441 W JP 2005017441W WO 2006030971 A1 WO2006030971 A1 WO 2006030971A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
- C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0205—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips of ferrous alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
- C21D9/48—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals deep-drawing sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a member that requires strength such as that used for a structural member and a reinforcing member of an automobile, and in particular, a component having excellent strength after high-temperature molding.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-234153 discloses a technique for forming a product warm and increasing the strength by using heat at that time. This technology aims to increase the strength by appropriately controlling the components in the steel, heating in the ferrite temperature region, and utilizing precipitation strengthening in this temperature region.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-87183 proposes a high-strength steel sheet in which the yield strength at the forming temperature is significantly lower than the yield strength at room temperature for the purpose of improving the press forming accuracy.
- these techniques may have limited strength.
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-38640 proposes a technique of heating to a high-temperature austenite single-phase region after molding and then transforming to a hard phase in the subsequent cooling process.
- Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2003-328031 discloses a technique for reducing the cooling rate of a part to be post-processed to make quenching insufficient and reducing the strength of the part. According to this method, the strength of a part of the part is reduced, and post-processing such as shearing can be easily performed. However, when this method is used, the mold structure becomes complicated, which is considered to be economically disadvantageous.
- this method does not mention anything about hydrogen embrittlement, and even if the strength of the steel sheet is slightly reduced by this method and the residual stress after post-processing is reduced to some extent, If hydrogen remains, the possibility of hydrogen embrittlement cannot be denied. Disclosure of the invention
- An object of the present invention is to provide a high-strength part excellent in hydrogen embrittlement resistance capable of obtaining a strength of 120 MPa or more after forming and a method for producing the same.
- the present inventors conducted various studies in order to solve the above problems. As a result, in order to suppress hydrogen embrittlement, the atmosphere in the furnace before forming is controlled to reduce the amount of hydrogen in the steel, and the residual stress can be reduced to zero by post-processing methods. It was found to be effective. That is, the gist of the present invention is as follows:
- a method for producing a high-strength part comprising manufacturing a high-strength part and performing a shearing process, and then performing a shearing process again from 1 to 2000 / im from the processed end.
- a method for manufacturing a high-strength part characterized in that coining is used as a compression processing method in the method of (3).
- a method for producing a high-strength part characterized in that punching or cutting is performed using a cutting blade having a step portion whose height is 1/2 or more and 100 mm or less of the plate thickness of the steel plate.
- (6) Used in the method of (5) has a stepped portion that continuously decreases from the blade base to the blade tip diameter or width by 0.01 to 3. Omm from the blade base to the blade tip, D / H is 0.5 or less when the height is H (mm) and the difference in curvature radius or width between the blade base and the blade tip is D (mm). Production method.
- a punch and / or a bending blade having a convex shape is provided at the tip of the cutting edge of the die, and the curvature radius of the bending blade shoulder is 0.
- a method for producing a high-strength part characterized by using a punching tool of 2 mm or more and having a clearance of 25% or less.
- a punching step in which the workpiece is formed into a predetermined shape by cutting into a sheared portion, and has a bending blade having a convex shape at the tip of the punch and / or die cutting blade portion, and Use a punching tool whose bending blade shoulder angle is not less than 100 ° and not more than 1700 ° Producing how high strength part characterized by a click re Aransu and 25% or less.
- a punch and a bending blade having a convex shape are provided at the tip end of the cutting edge of the Z or die.
- a punching tool characterized in that the bending radius of the bending blade shoulder is not less than 0.2 mm and the bending blade shoulder angle is not less than 100 ° and not more than 1700 °.
- a method of manufacturing high-strength parts characterized by ffl with a clearance of 25% or less.
- a high-strength part manufacturing method is characterized in that, after molding, a high-strength part is manufactured by cooling and quenching in a mold after molding, and then a part of the part is melted and cut.
- a method for producing a high-strength component characterized by performing laser processing as a processing method for melting and cutting a part of the component of (11).
- a method for producing a high-strength component comprising performing plasma cutting as a processing method for melting and cutting a part of the component of (11).
- (14) By mass%, C: 0.05-0.55%, ⁇ : 0.1-3%, steel plate containing the chemical composition consisting of the balance Fe and unavoidable impurities, and the amount of hydrogen is In an atmosphere with a volume fraction of 10% or less and a dew point of 30 ° C or less, the steel plate is heated from Ac 3 to the melting point, and then ferri iron, pearlite, paynite, martensite transformation occurs. It is characterized by starting molding at a temperature higher than the temperature, cooling in the mold after molding, quenching and manufacturing high-strength parts, and then drilling holes and cutting around the parts by machining. Manufacturing method for high-strength parts.
- the chemical composition of the steel sheet is% by mass, C: 0.05 to 0.55%, Mn: 0.1 to 3%, A1: 0.005 to 0.1%, S: 0.02% or less, P: 0.03% or less, N: 0.01
- the chemical composition of the steel sheet is, by mass, C: 0.05 to 0.55%, Mn: 0.1 to 3%, Si: 1.0% or less, A1: 0.005 to 0.1%, S: 0.02% or less, P : 0.03% or less, Cr: 0.01 to 1.0%, N: 0.01% or less, comprising balance Fe and unavoidable impurities (1) to (15) Manufacturing method for high-strength parts.
- the chemical composition of the steel sheet is mass%, C: 0.05 to 0.55%, Mn: 0.1 to 3, Si: 1.0% or less, A1: 0.005 to 0.1%, S: 0.02% or less, P: 0.03% Cr : 0.01 to 0%, B: 0.0002% to 0.0050%, Ti: (3.42XN + 0.001)% or more, 3.99X (C-0.1)% or less, N: 0.01% or less, balance Fe and inevitable
- the method for producing a high-strength part according to any one of (1) to (15), wherein the high-strength part is made of impurities.
- the chemical composition of the steel sheet is 0.05 to 0.55% by mass, Mn: 0.1 to 3%, Si: 1.0% or less, A1: 0.005 to 0.1%, S: 0.02% or less, P: 0.03% or less , Cr: 0.01 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 0%, ⁇ : 0 ⁇ 0002% ⁇ 0.0050%, Ti: (3.42XN + 0.001)% or more, 3.99X (C-0.1)% or less, N: 0. (H% or less,
- the method for producing a high-strength part according to any one of (1) to (15), wherein 0: 0.015% or less is contained, and the balance is Fe and inevitable impurities.
- the steel sheet is any one of (1) to (19), characterized in that the steel plate is subjected to any one of aluminum plating, aluminum-zinc plating, and zinc plating. Method for manufacturing high strength parts.
- Figure 1 shows the concept of tensile residual stress generation by punching.
- Fig. 2 is a diagram showing the concept of excision of the affected part such as a plastic working layer.
- FIG. 3 is a view showing a cutting state by a cutting blade having a blade tip shape in which a step portion becomes a blade tip.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a cutting state by a cutting blade having a blade tip portion shape having a tip parallel portion at the tip of a stepped portion.
- Fig. 5 shows a conventional punching method.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a cutting state by a punch having a two-stage structure.
- Fig. 7 is a diagram showing the material deformation behavior when there is a bending blade.
- Figure 8 shows the relationship between the bending radius of curvature Rp and the residual stress.
- Fig. 9 shows the relationship between the vertical wall angle ⁇ p of bending blade A and the residual stress.
- Figure 10 shows the relationship between bending blade height and residual stress.
- Figure 11 shows the relationship between clearance and residual stress.
- Figure 12 shows a pierced specimen
- FIG. 13 shows a shearing test piece
- Fig. 14 shows the cross-sectional shape of the tool.
- Fig. 15 shows the punch shape
- Figure 16 shows the shape of the tie.
- Fig. 17 shows the shape of the molded product.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing a state of a shearing position.
- Fig. 19 shows the cross-sectional shape of the coining tool.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing the cross-sectional shape of the mold of Example 4.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing the tool cross-sectional shape of Example 5.
- FIG. 22 shows the forming punch of Example 5.
- FIG. 23 shows the forming die of Example 5.
- FIG. 24 is a view showing a molded product of Example 5.
- FIG. 25 is a diagram showing a state of a post-processing position of Example 6.
- the atmosphere in the heating furnace is controlled at the time of heating before forming the steel sheet, the amount of hydrogen in the steel is reduced, and the residual stress is reduced by the post-processing method.
- This is a high-strength part excellent in hydrogen embrittlement and a method for producing the same.
- the amount of hydrogen during heating was set to 10% or less in volume fraction. If this is the case, the amount of hydrogen that enters the steel sheet during heating becomes large, and the hydrogen embrittlement resistance deteriorates.
- the reason why the dew point in the atmosphere was set to 30 ° C or lower is that when the dew point is higher than this, the amount of hydrogen that enters the steel sheet during heating increases and the hydrogen embrittlement resistance deteriorates. is there.
- the reason why the heating temperature of the steel sheet is not less than Ac 3 and not more than the melting point is to keep the structure of the steel sheet austenitic in order to strengthen the quenching after forming. Also, if the heating temperature is higher than the melting point, press molding is impossible. ⁇
- the reason why the heating temperature of the steel sheet is not less than Ac 3 and not more than the melting point is to keep the structure of the steel sheet austenitic in order to strengthen the quenching after forming. Also, if the heating temperature is higher than the melting point, press molding is impossible.
- the reason why the molding start temperature is set to a temperature higher than the temperature at which ferrite, pearlite, bainite, and martensite transformation occur is that the hardness after molding is insufficient when molding is performed below that temperature.
- High-strength parts can be manufactured by heating the steel sheet under the above conditions, forming it using the pressing method, cooling it in the mold after forming, quenching it, and post-processing it.
- Quenching is a method of strengthening steel by cooling at a cooling rate that is equal to or higher than the critical cooling rate of quenching, which is determined by the ingredients, and causing martensitic transformation.
- Residual stress can be reduced because the amount of compression is reduced and the amount of open displacement after cutting is reduced. Therefore, if the part in the range of 2000 m or more from the processing end is processed again, it is not affected by the plastic processing layer, etc., so it will be processed while receiving a large compressive force again, and it will be released after processing. Since the stress does not decrease and the crack resistance does not improve, the upper limit was set to 2000-1. Also, the lower limit is set to 1 m because it is difficult to control the range below 1 xm. The most desirable processing range is 200 to 1000 im.
- the residual stress in the cross section of the processed part is measured by using the X-ray residual stress measurement device according to the method described in the March 2002, Japan Society for Materials Research, “X-ray Stress Measurement Method Standard (2002 Edition)-Steel Edition”. Carried out. Details are as follows. '20 -sin 2 ⁇ was measured using the reflection X-ray of 211 faces of the body-centered cubic lattice by the parallel tilt method. The measurement range at this time is about 150 to 16 ⁇ . C r- ⁇ was used as the X-ray target, the tube current and tube voltage were 30 kV / 10 mA, and the X-ray incident slit was 1 M square. The value obtained by multiplying the slope of the 2 ⁇ -sin 2 diagram by the stress constant K was taken as the residual stress. At this time, the stress constant K was set to ⁇ 32.44 Kgf / deg.
- a shearing method such as punching or cutting is not particularly limited, and any known method can be used.
- the temperature the effect of the present invention can be obtained in the range from room temperature to 1000 ° C.
- the tensile residual stress value at the processing end surface becomes 600 MPa or less, and therefore generally 980 MPa or more.
- the residual stress value is less than the yield stress, and cracking does not occur.
- compressive residual stress basically no stress acts in the direction where the steel plate cracks at the end, so cracking does not occur.
- the tensile residual stress value at the end face of the shearing process such as punching or cutting is 600 MPa or less, or the compressive residual stress. '
- the steel plate is processed in a compressed state at the time of processing on the end face of the sheared part, and it is considered that tensile residual stress is generated because it is released from the compressed state after processing. Therefore, by expanding the hole or pressing the front surface of the end face over the entire cross section of the affected range of the plastic working layer, etc., partial strength increase due to plastic working or compression force due to tensile residual stress can be reduced. Due to repulsion, the open displacement after complete cutting We have found a one-time processing method that can be controlled to be on the compression side. In other words, if a hole is expanded or pressed over a part in the range of more than 2000 m from the processed end, the hole once expands and the end face is pressed.
- the shape of the blade tip is important as shown in Figs. In Fig. 3, the step is the tip of the blade, whereas in Fig. 4 the tip is parallel to the tip of the step.
- the height of the blade vertical wall (height of the step) is less than half the plate thickness of the steel plate to be machined, it will not be possible to press the machining end face with the side of the step. It becomes the same state as normal punching or cutting, and a large tensile stress remains on the machining end face.
- the height force exceeds 00 dragons, there is a concern that the stroke will become large and that the blade itself will have a short life.
- the angle between the parallel part and the step part of the cutting blade is preferably 95 ° or more and 179 ° or less, and more preferably 140 ° or more.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 show a shape in which the step portion has a radius of curvature, but a shape whose width decreases linearly from the edge is also included in the scope of the present invention.
- chamfering of the blade edge as disclosed in JP-A-5-23755 and JP-A-8-57557 is effective in reducing burrs, extending the blade life, and preventing cracking of relatively low-strength steel sheets.
- chamfering of the cutting edge is not particularly necessary for measuring the residual stress in the cross section of the machined part, using the X-ray residual stress measuring device using the conditions described above, “X-ray stress measurement method standard (2002 edition)-steel edition”
- the shearing method such as punching or cutting performed according to the method described in March 2002 of the Japan Society of Materials Corporation is not particularly limited, and any known method can be used.
- Ye With regard to the degree, the effect of the present invention can be obtained in the range from room temperature to 1000 ° C.
- the residual stress if it is zero or the compression side, basically the stress does not act in the direction in which the steel plate cracks at the end. No cracking. In addition, it is effective in preventing cracking by holding it below 600 MPa.
- the present inventors have found that the residual stress on the punched end face can be reduced by forming the punch shape into a two-stage structure of bending blade A and cutting blade B shown in FIG.
- the punch shape is a two-stage structure consisting of a cutting blade B and a bending blade A as shown in the present invention (FIG. 6), and is bent into a portion (material cutting portion M) cut by the cutting blade B as shown in FIG.
- the present inventors have made further detailed studies on the shape of the bending blade, and have found that a sufficient residual stress reduction effect cannot be obtained unless the bending blade shape is a predetermined shape.
- the portion M cut by the cutting blade B cannot be given sufficient tensile stress due to bending.
- the residual stress can be reduced by making the bending blade shape into a shape that does not cut the material with the bending blade itself.
- Fig. 8 shows that using a TS 1 4 70 MPa hardened steel plate with a thickness of 2.0 mm, the bending blade height Hp is 0.3 mm, the clearance is 5%, and the bending blade vertical wall angle is 9 mm.
- the relationship between the radius of curvature R p and the residual stress when the specified radius of curvature RP is attached to the shoulder of the bending blade ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ is shown as 0 °. It was found that the residual stress decreased when the radius of curvature was 0.2 mm or more.
- the residual stress was determined by measuring the change in the interstitial distance on the cut surface by X-ray diffraction. The measurement area was the lnun angle region, and the thickness of the cut surface was measured.
- the clearance is the distance between the punch and the die C / thickness t X 1 0 0 (%).
- Figure 9 also shows that the thickness of the bending blade Hp is 0.3 mm, clearance 5.6%, bending blade shoulder using TS 1 4 7 0 MPa grade hardened steel plate with a thickness of 1.8 mm.
- the relationship between the angle and residual stress when the radius of curvature is 0.2 mm and the vertical wall of bending blade A is given a specified angle is shown. From this, it can be seen that the residual stress is reduced by setting the angle of the vertical wall of the bending blade to 100 ° to 170 °.
- Fig. 10 shows TS 1 4 7 0 MPa grade hardened steel plate with a thickness of 1.4 mm.
- the radius of curvature R p of the shoulder of bending blade A is 0.3 mm and the vertical wall of bending blade A Shows the relationship between the height of the bending blade and the residual stress when the height of the bending blade is Hp 0.3 to 3 and the angle is 1 35 ° and the clearance is 7.1%. .
- Fig. 11 shows the thickness of a 1.6 mm thick TS 1 4 70 MPa grade hardened steel plate.
- the radius of curvature R p of the shoulder of bending blade A is 0.3 mm and the length of bending blade A is The wall angle S p was 1 35 ° and the bending blade height H p was 0.3 mm. Shows sound.
- the clearance also affects the residual stress, and the residual stress increases when the clearance exceeds 25%. This is considered to reduce the tensioning effect of the bending blade, and the clearance needs to be less than 25%.
- the present invention has been made based on the above examination, and the following are the requirements.
- the punching punch or die used in the present invention needs to have a two-stage structure of a bending blade portion A and a cutting blade portion B. This is because the bending stress A gives a tensile stress to the cut part M of the work piece before shearing the work piece with the cutting edge B, and the residual tensile stress remaining on the cut end face of the work piece after cutting. This is to reduce the amount of heat.
- the bending shoulder radius of curvature R p needs to be 0.2 mm or more. This is because if the bending shoulder radius of curvature R p is 0.2 mm or less, the workpiece is sheared by the bending blade A and the portion M sheared by the cutting blade B cannot be given sufficient tensile stress. It is.
- the bending blade shoulder angle must be not less than 100 ° and not more than 1700 °. This is because when the bending blade shoulder angle 0 p is 100 ° or less, the material is sheared by the bending blade A, so that sufficient tensile stress cannot be applied to the portion M sheared by the cutting blade B. In addition, if the bending blade shoulder angle ⁇ ⁇ is 1700 ° or more, sufficient tensile stress cannot be applied to the portion sheared by the cutting blade ⁇ .
- a plate press In normal punching, a plate press is usually used to fix the material to the die appropriately.
- the plate press may be used as appropriate in the punching method of the present invention.
- the wrinkle pressing load (load applied to the material from the plate pressing) does not particularly affect the residual stress, so it can be in the range normally used.
- lubricating oil is applied to the mold or the material in order to suppress wear of the mold.
- lubricating oil may be used as appropriate for this purpose.
- the bending blade height Hp is preferably 10% or more of the plate thickness of the workpiece.
- the distance Dp between the cutting edge end P and the rising position Q of the bending blade is preferably 0.1 mm or more. If this interval is less than this, when the workpiece is sheared by the cutting edge B, cracks that usually occur near the shoulder of the cutting edge are less likely to occur, and the cutting position by the cutting edge is distorted. Because of this.
- the portion between the cutting edge end P and the rising position Q of the bending blade, the bottom portion of the bending blade A, and the vertical wall portion of the bending blade A are flat in terms of punch production.
- the shape is preferable, but even if there are some irregularities, the effect is the same as long as the above requirements are satisfied.
- a bending blade A is further added to the punch of only the conventional cutting blade B to reduce the end face residual stress at the time of punching.
- the bending blade A is added, and the bending blade height H p is further increased. Since the contact pressure between the cutting edge B and the work piece decreases, the cutting edge end P is polished. The amount of wear is also reduced, but if Hp is too high, the material may break between bending blade A and cutting blade B before cutting blade B and workpiece contact, and the effect may not be obtained. In such a case, it is preferable that the bending blade height Hp is approximately 1 O mm or less.
- the bending blade shoulder radius of curvature Rp there is no particular upper limit to the bending blade shoulder radius of curvature Rp.
- the curvature radius Rp is too large, it becomes difficult to increase the bending blade height Hp.
- the following is preferred.
- the effect when the bending blade is attached only to the punch has been explained.
- the punch and the die or the bending blade is attached only to the die, only the punch explained above is used. Since it has the effect of applying tensile stress to the same material as when a bending blade is attached to, the same effect can be obtained.
- the restrictions on the bending blade dimensions in these cases are the same as the restrictions when a bending blade is attached only to the punch described above.
- the reason why shearing is performed near the bottom dead center is that the deformation resistance of the steel sheet is low during hot forming and the residual stress after processing is low.
- the reason why the machining timing is near the bottom dead center is that if it is not near the bottom dead center, the steel sheet is deformed after the shearing process, and the accuracy of the shape and position is lowered.
- Near bottom dead center is at least 10 from bottom dead center Within 5 mm, preferably within 5 mm.
- any method can be used, but industrially, laser processing and plasma cutting processing with a small heat-affected zone as shown in claims 12 and 13 are used. desirable. Gas cutting is disadvantageous because the residual stress after processing is small, but the heat input is large and there are many parts where the strength of the parts decreases.
- the atmosphere in the heating furnace before forming should be controlled to reduce the amount of hydrogen in the steel, and further post-processing should be performed by machining with a small residual stress force after processing. Is effective
- Any method may be used as a method for drilling holes or cutting around parts in machining, but industrially, drilling or cutting with a gold saw is economically superior.
- C is an element added to secure the material after the cooled structure is martensite, and 0.05% or more is desirable to ensure a strength of 1000 MPa or more.
- the upper limit is preferably 0.55%.
- M n is an element that improves the strength and hardenability. If it is less than 0.1%, sufficient strength at the time of quenching cannot be obtained, and the effect is saturated even if added over 3%. Is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 3%.
- S i is a solid solution strengthened alloy element, but if it exceeds 1.0%, surface scale problems will occur.
- the upper limit is preferably set to 0.5% because the plating property deteriorates when the amount of Si added is large.
- a 1 is a necessary element used as a deoxidizer for molten steel, and is also an element that fixes N, and its amount affects the crystal grain size and mechanical properties. In order to have such an effect, a content of 0.005% or more is necessary. However, if it exceeds 0.1%, nonmetallic inclusions increase and surface defects are likely to occur in the product. For this reason, A 1 should be in the range of 0.005 to 0.1%. Good.
- S affects non-metallic inclusions in the steel and degrades workability and causes toughness deterioration, anisotropy and increased reheat cracking susceptibility. For this reason, S is preferably 0.02% or less. More preferably, it is 0.01% or less. In addition, by limiting S to 0.005% or less, impact characteristics are dramatically improved.
- P is an element that adversely affects weld cracking and toughness
- P is preferably 0.03% or less.
- it is 0.02% or less. Further, it is more preferably 0.015% or less.
- N is desirably contained in an amount of not more than 0.01%.
- O is not particularly specified, but excessive addition causes formation of oxides that adversely affect toughness and also generates oxides that are the starting point of fatigue fracture. desirable.
- Cr is an element that improves hardenability, and has the effect of precipitating M 23 C 6 type carbide into the matrix, and has the effect of increasing the strength and miniaturizing the carbide. It may be added for the purpose of obtaining. If less than 0.01%, these effects cannot be expected sufficiently, and if it exceeds 1.2%, the yield strength tends to increase excessively, so (1 "is in the range of 0.001 to 0%. More preferably, it is 0.05 to 1%.
- B may be added for the purpose of improving the hardenability during press molding or cooling after press molding. In order to exert this effect, it is necessary to add 0.02% or more. However, if this amount increases excessively, there is a concern of hot cracking, and the effect is saturated, so the upper limit is preferably 0.0 0 5 0%.
- T i may be added for the purpose of fixing N which forms B and a compound in order to effectively exhibit the effect of B. In order to exert this effect, (T i 1 3.4 2 XN) needs to be 0.001% or more. However, if the amount of Ti increases unnecessarily, the amount of C that is not bound to T i increases. As the upper limit, the Ti equivalent that can secure 0.1% or more of C not bound to T i, that is, 3.99 X (C-0 1) It is desirable to use%.
- Ni Cu, Sn, etc. elements that may be mixed from scrap may be included.
- Ca Mg Y, As, Sb, and REM may be added from the viewpoint of shape control of inclusions.
- Ti, Nb, Zr, Mo, V may be added for the purpose of further improving the strength. In particular, since Mo improves the hardenability, it may be added for that purpose. If the amount is increased, the amount of C that is not bonded to these elements decreases, and sufficient strength cannot be obtained after cooling.
- BT i Mo is an element that affects the hardenability.
- the amount of silicon added can be optimized in consideration of the required hardenability and 3% during manufacturing. it can .
- alloy costs can be reduced, and even when the alloy cost is not the minimum, cost reduction by reducing the number of steel types can be used in various ways according to the circumstances during production. Combinations can be used.
- Steel plates with the above components may be plated with aluminum, plated with aluminum-zinc, or plated with zinc.
- the manufacturing method may be pickling, cold rolling may be performed by a conventional method, and then the aluminum plating process or the aluminum-zinc plating process and galvanization may be performed by a conventional method.
- 5 1 2% is suitable for the S i concentration in the bath for aluminum plating, and for aluminum-zinc plating.
- a suitable Zn concentration in the bath is 40 to 50%.
- Mg or Zn is mixed in the aluminum plating layer, or if Mg is mixed in the aluminum-zinc plating layer, a steel plate having the same characteristics can be produced without any particular problem.
- plating can be performed under normal conditions using either a continuous plating facility with a non-oxidizing furnace or a continuous plating facility without a non-oxidizing furnace. Since control is not required, productivity is not hindered. Further, as long as it is a zinc plating method, any method such as molten zinc plating, electrozinc plating, alloyed molten zinc plating may be used. Under the above manufacturing conditions, metal pre-plating is not performed on the steel plate surface before plating, but there is no particular problem even if Ni pre-plating, Fe pre-plating, or other metal pre-plating that improves the tackiness is applied. In addition, there is no particular problem even if a different kind of metal plating or inorganic or organic compound film is applied to the surface of the plating layer.
- Example 1 Example 1
- Slabs with chemical components shown in Table 1 were produced. These slabs were heated to 1050 to 1350 ° C and hot rolled to form hot rolled steel sheets with a finishing temperature of 800 to 900 ° C and a winding temperature of 450 to 680 ° C and a thickness of 4 dragons. Subsequently, pickling was performed, and a cold-rolled steel sheet having a thickness of 1.6 mm was formed by cold rolling. After that, the steel was heated to an austenite region of 950 ° C where Ac was 3 or more, and hot forming was performed. The atmosphere of the heating furnace changed the amount of hydrogen and the dew point. The conditions are shown in Tables 2 and 3. The tensile strengths were 1523 MPa and 175 1 MPa, respectively.
- the heating atmosphere is 30% hydrogen, or the dew point is 50 ° C, and the secondary processing is processed as it is or after the primary processing, regardless of whether it is punched or pierced.
- Cracks frequently occur in manufacturing condition Nos. 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 10, which are the conditions for performing 3 dragons from the end, while the hydrogen content in the heating atmosphere is 10% or less and the dew At 30 ° C or less, cracks did not occur in secondary processing manufacturing condition numbers 4 and 9 of 1 000 im from the processing end after the primary processing.
- the tendency of the number of cracks to occur under manufacturing conditions with a heated atmosphere hydrogen content of 10% or less and a dew point of 30 ° C or less agrees well with the X-ray residual stress measurement results. Therefore, it can be said that it is effective to rework 1 to 2000 ⁇ m from the processed end after the primary processing to improve the crack resistance of the processed end.
- Slabs of chemical composition shown in Table 4 were produced. These slabs were heated to 1050 to 1350 ° C and hot rolled into hot rolled steel sheets having a finishing temperature of 800 to 900 ° C, a winding temperature of 450 to 680 ° C, and a thickness of 4 mm. Then, after pickling, a cold rolled steel sheet having a thickness of 1.6 mm was formed by cold rolling. In addition, a part of the cold-rolled sheet was subjected to molten aluminum galvanized, molten aluminum galvanized, alloyed molten zinc galvanized, and molten zinc galvanized. Table 5 shows the legends for the species.
- Figure 14 shows a cross section of the mold shape.
- Figure 14 shows the legend in 4 (1: die, 2: punch).
- Figure 15 shows the shape of the punch viewed from above.
- the legend in Figure 15 is shown (2: punch).
- Figure 16 shows the die viewed from below.
- the legend in Figure 16 is shown (1: dice).
- the die was modeled as a die shape with a clearance of 1.6 mm, following the punch shape.
- the blank size was (mm) 1. 6 thickness x 300 x 500.
- the molding conditions were a punch speed of 10 / S, a pressing force of 200 tons, and a holding time at the bottom dead center of 5 seconds.
- Figure 17 shows a schematic diagram of the molded product.
- the tensile strength of the molded product was over 1470 MPa.
- the shearing process was a piercing process. Using a punch with a diameter of ⁇ at the position shown in Fig. 18, piercing was performed using a die with a diameter of 10.5 mm.
- Figure 18 shows the top view of the part. The legend in Figure 18 is shown (1: part, 2: pierce hole center). Piercing was performed within 30 minutes after hot forming. After piercing, shaving was performed. The processing methods are also shown in Table 6. The legend is “S” when shaving is performed and “N” when no shaving is performed. At that time, change the finished hole diameter to remove The effect of the thickness was examined.
- Experiment Nos. 1 to 249 are the results of studying the effects of steel type, plating type, hydrogen concentration in the atmosphere, and dew point when processing was performed by shaving. If within the scope of the present invention, No cracking occurred. Experiment Nos. 250 to 277 were without comparative processing, but cracks occurred in all cases.
- Slabs of chemical composition shown in Table 4 were produced. These slabs were heated to 1050-1350 ° C and hot rolled into hot rolled steel sheets with a finishing temperature of 800-900 ° C, a coiling temperature of 450-680 ° C, and a thickness of 4 mm. Then, after pickling, a cold rolled steel sheet having a thickness of 1.6 mm was formed by cold rolling. In addition, a part of the cold-rolled sheet was subjected to molten aluminum galvanized, molten aluminum galvanized, alloyed molten zinc galvanized, and molten zinc galvanized. Table 5 shows the legends for the species.
- Figure 14 shows a cross section of the mold shape.
- Figure 14 shows the legend in 4 (1: die, 2: punch).
- Figure 15 shows the shape of the punch viewed from above.
- the legend in Figure 15 is shown (2: punch).
- Figure 16 shows the die viewed from below.
- the legend in Figure 16 is shown (1: dice).
- the mold was determined to be the shape of the die following the punch shape and with a clearance of 1.6 mm.
- the blank size (mm) was set to 1.6 thickness x 300 x 500.
- the molding conditions were a punch speed of 10 mm / s, a pressing force of 200 tons, and a holding time at the bottom dead center of 5 seconds.
- Figure 17 shows a schematic diagram of the molded product. From the tensile test piece cut out from the molded product, the tensile strength of the molded product was over 1470 MPa.
- FIG. 18 shows the part as viewed from above. The legend in Figure 18 is shown (1: part, 2: pierce hole center). Piercing was performed within 30 minutes after hot forming. After piercing, coining was performed. Coining was performed with a frustum punch having an angle of 45 ° to the plate surface and a plate to be processed into a flat die. Figure 19 shows the tool. Show legend in Figure 19 (1: punch, 2: die, 3: pierced blank). Coining was performed within 30 minutes after piercing. The evaluation criteria for the resistance to hydrogen embrittlement were to observe the entire circumference of the hole one week after coining to determine the presence or absence of cracks. The cracks were observed with a magnifying glass or an electron microscope. The judgment results are shown in Table 7.
- Experiment Nos. 1 to 249 are the results of studying the effects of steel type, plating type, hydrogen concentration in the atmosphere, and dew point when coining is performed, but if within the scope of the present invention, cracks will occur after piercing. It did not occur.
- Test numbers 250 to 277 are comparative examples in the case where coining was not performed, and were outside the scope of the present invention, so cracking occurred after piercing.
- Slabs with chemical components shown in Table 1 were produced. These slabs were heated to 1050 to 1350 ° C, and hot rolled into hot rolled steel sheets having a finishing temperature of 800 to 900 ° C and a winding temperature of 450 to 680 ° C and a thickness of 4 dragons. Subsequently, pickling was performed, and then a cold-rolled steel sheet having a thickness of 1.6 M was formed by cold rolling. After that, the steel was heated to an austenite region of 950 ° C, which is Ac 3 or higher, and hot forming was performed. The atmosphere of the heating furnace changed the amount of hydrogen and the dew point. Table 8 shows the conditions. The tensile strengths were 1 525 MPa and 1 785 MPa, respectively.
- test pieces were cut from these molded products to a size of 10 OX 100 M, the shape shown in Figs. 3 and 4 at the center, and the parallel part is ⁇ l Gmm And punching was performed with a clearance of 4.3 to 25% with a punch having a tip of 5 to 13 mm and 20 mm.
- the secondary processing the number of cracks generated at the processed edge, and the residual stress at the punched and cut edges by X-ray were measured. The number of cracks generated was measured for the entire circumference of the punched pierced hole. One piece of the cut edge was measured. Table 8 also shows the processing conditions and results.
- Level 1 is the standard for residual stress due to punching by the present invention in a conventional punching test using an A-type mold, and cracking due to hydrogen embrittlement occurs.
- the bending blade shoulder angle was large at level 2, the bending blade shoulder radius of curvature R ⁇ was small, the residual stress reduction effect was small, and cracking due to hydrogen embrittlement occurred. .
- Level 3 the clearance was large, the residual stress reduction effect was small, and cracking due to hydrogen embrittlement occurred.
- Level 4 the angle of the bending blade shoulder ⁇ ⁇ is small, and the bending blade shoulder radius of curvature R ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ is small. For this reason, the hole expansion value obtained by this punching was not improved compared to the conventional method, and cracking due to hydrogen embrittlement occurred.
- level 11 is a normal punch, and the shoulder angle ⁇ d and shoulder radius of curvature R d of the die protrusion do not satisfy the prescribed conditions.
- the effect of reducing stress is small and cracking due to hydrogen embrittlement occurred.
- level 12 cracks due to hydrogen embrittlement occurred because the clearance was large and the residual stress reduction effect was small.
- level 18 is the shoulder angle of punch projection ⁇ p, shoulder radius of curvature R ⁇ , shoulder angle of die projection ⁇ d, shoulder radius of curvature R d Since the prescribed conditions were not met, the effect of reducing residual stress was not observed, and cracking due to hydrogen embrittlement occurred.
- Level 15 also had cracks due to hydrogen embrittlement due to the large clearance and small residual stress reduction effect.
- Slabs of chemical composition shown in Table 4 were produced. These slabs were heated to 1050 to 1350 ° C, and hot rolled into hot rolled steel sheets having a finishing temperature of 800 to 900 ° C, a winding temperature of 450 to 680 ° C, and a thickness of 4 mm. Then, after pickling, a cold rolled steel sheet having a thickness of 1.6 mm was formed by cold rolling. In addition, a part of the cold-rolled sheet was subjected to molten aluminum galvanized, molten aluminum galvanized, alloyed molten zinc galvanized, and molten zinc galvanized. Table 5 shows the legends for the species.
- Figure 21 shows the cross section of the mold.
- the legends in Figure 21 are shown (1: press forming die, 2: press forming punch, 3: piercing punch, 4: potane die).
- the shape of the punch viewed from above is shown in FIG.
- the legend in Fig. 22 is shown (2: press-forming punch, 4: potandai).
- Figure 23 shows the shape of the die as viewed from below.
- the legend in Figure 23 is shown (1: press forming die, 3: piercing punch).
- the mold was determined to be the shape of the forming die with a thickness of 1.6 mm following the shape of the forming punch. For piercing, a punch with a diameter of 20 mm was used, and a die with a diameter of 20.5 ⁇ was used.
- the blank size was 1.6 mm thick ⁇ 300 X 500.
- the molding conditions were a punching speed of 10 mm / s, a pressing force of 200 tons, and a holding time at the bottom dead center of 5 seconds.
- a schematic diagram of the molded product is shown in FIG. From the tensile test piece cut out from the molded product, the tensile strength of the molded product was 1470 MPa or more.
- Table 11 shows the forming depth at which the piercing process was started as the shearing process timing from the bottom dead center. In order to keep the shape after processing, this value should be within 10mm, preferably within 5mm Is good.
- the evaluation standard for hydrogen embrittlement resistance was to observe the entire pierced hole one week after molding and determine the presence or absence of cracks. Observation was performed with a loupe or an electron microscope. The judgment results are also shown in Table IV. The accuracy of the hole shape was measured with a caliper to determine the difference from the reference shape, and the difference was determined to be 1.0 mm or less. The judgment results are also shown in Table 11. The legend is shown in Table 12.
- Experiment Nos. 1 to 249 were the results of studying the effects of steel type, plating type, hydrogen concentration in the atmosphere, and dew point, but cracks did not occur within the scope of the present invention.
- Experiment numbers 2500 to 277 are the results of studying the influence of the shearing start timing, but within the scope of the present invention, no cracks occurred and the shape accuracy was good.
- Figure 14 shows a cross section of the mold shape.
- Figure 14 shows the legend in 4 (1: die, 2: punch).
- Figure 15 shows the shape of the punch viewed from above.
- the legend in Figure 15 is shown (2: punch).
- Figure 16 shows the die viewed from below.
- the legend in Figure 16 is shown (1: dice).
- the die was determined to be the die shape with a clearance of 1.6 mm, following the punch shape.
- the blank size (mm) was set to 1.6 thickness x 300 x 500.
- the molding conditions were a punch speed of 10 mm, a pressing force of 200 tons, and a holding time at the bottom dead center of 5 seconds.
- Figure 17 shows a schematic diagram of the molded product. From the tensile test piece cut out from the molded product, the tensile strength of the molded product was over 1470 MPa.
- FIG. Figure 25 shows the part as viewed from above.
- the legend in Figure 25 is shown (1: part, 2: drilled part).
- Laser machining, plasma cutting, drilling, and cutting with a gold saw by a machine were performed as processing methods.
- the processing methods are also shown in Table 13. 'Show legend in the table.
- the above processing was performed within 30 minutes after hot forming. Water resistance
- the evaluation criteria for the element embrittlement characteristics were to observe the entire circumference of the hole one week after post-processing to determine the presence or absence of cracks. Observation was performed using a magnifying glass or an electron microscope. The judgment results are shown in Table 3.
- Hardness reduction rate (Hardness at a position l O Omm away from the cut surface) I (Hardness at a position 3 mm away from the cut surface) / (Hardness at a position 100 mm away from the cut surface) X 100 (%),
- the hardness reduction rate is less than 10%: ⁇ , hardness reduction rate 10% or more, less than 30%: ⁇ , hardness reduction rate 30% or more, less than 50%: ⁇ , hardness reduction rate 50% or more: X
- Experiment numbers 1 to 249 are the results of studying the effects of steel type, plating type, hydrogen concentration in the atmosphere, and dew point when laser processing is performed. Did not occur.
- Experiment numbers 250 to 277 are the results of performing plasma processing as an effect of the processing method, but within the scope of the present invention, cracks did not occur after piercing.
- Experiment numbers 278 to 526 are the results of studying the effects of steel type, plating type, hydrogen concentration in the atmosphere, and dew point when drilling was performed. Did not occur.
- Experiment numbers 527 to 558 are the results of machining with a gold saw as an influence of the machining method, but no cracking occurred after piercing if it was within the scope of the present invention. '
- Experiment numbers 559 to 564 are experiments in which the fusing method is changed.
- the atmosphere is within the scope of the present invention, and no cracks occur because of the fusing process.
- Experiment Nos. 561 and 564 it can be seen that the hardness in the vicinity of the cut portion has decreased. This shows that the fusing methods shown in claims 2 and 3 are superior due to their low thermal effects.
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Description
Claims
Priority Applications (11)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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KR1020107014678A KR101136560B1 (ko) | 2004-09-15 | 2005-09-15 | 고강도 부품 제조 방법 |
SI200531478T SI1790422T1 (sl) | 2004-09-15 | 2005-09-15 | Postopek izdelave dela z visoko trdnostjo |
AT05785864T ATE546242T1 (de) | 2004-09-15 | 2005-09-15 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines hochfesten teiles |
ES05785864T ES2382811T3 (es) | 2004-09-15 | 2005-09-15 | Procedimiento para producir una parte de alta resistencia |
PL05785864T PL1790422T3 (pl) | 2004-09-15 | 2005-09-15 | Metoda wytwarzania części o wysokiej wytrzymałości |
EP05785864A EP1790422B1 (en) | 2004-09-15 | 2005-09-15 | Process for producing a high-strength part |
KR1020107014677A KR101136142B1 (ko) | 2004-09-15 | 2005-09-15 | 고강도 부품 제조 방법 |
MX2007002767A MX2007002767A (es) | 2004-09-15 | 2005-09-15 | Parte de alta resistencia y metodo para producir la misma. |
US11/575,344 US7842142B1 (en) | 2004-09-15 | 2005-09-15 | High strength part and method for producing the same |
BRPI0515442-1A BRPI0515442B1 (pt) | 2004-09-15 | 2005-09-15 | Métodos de produção de peças de alta resistência |
CA2581251A CA2581251C (en) | 2004-09-15 | 2005-09-15 | High strength part and method of production of the same |
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JP2004-267795 | 2004-09-15 | ||
JP2004-267792 | 2004-09-15 | ||
JP2004267792 | 2004-09-15 | ||
JP2004267797 | 2004-09-15 | ||
JP2004267795A JP4551169B2 (ja) | 2004-09-15 | 2004-09-15 | 高強度部品の製造方法 |
JP2004-267797 | 2004-09-15 | ||
JP2004-309779 | 2004-10-25 | ||
JP2004309779A JP2006116590A (ja) | 2004-10-25 | 2004-10-25 | 耐割れ特性に優れた高強度鋼板の加工方法 |
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US (1) | US7842142B1 (ja) |
EP (2) | EP1790422B1 (ja) |
KR (3) | KR101136560B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100574921C (ja) |
AT (2) | ATE546242T1 (ja) |
BR (1) | BRPI0515442B1 (ja) |
CA (2) | CA2701559C (ja) |
ES (2) | ES2384158T3 (ja) |
MX (1) | MX2007002767A (ja) |
PL (2) | PL1790422T3 (ja) |
PT (2) | PT1790422E (ja) |
SI (2) | SI2266722T1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006030971A1 (ja) |
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US20120135263A1 (en) * | 2009-08-06 | 2012-05-31 | Yoshifumi Kobayashi | Metal plate to be heated by radiant heat transfer and method of manufacturing the same, and metal processed product having portion with different strength and method of manufacturing the same |
US10060017B2 (en) * | 2009-08-06 | 2018-08-28 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation | Metal sheet to be heated by radiant heat transfer and method of manufacturing the same, and metal processed product having portion with different strength and method of manufacturing the same |
JP2012250259A (ja) * | 2011-06-02 | 2012-12-20 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corp | 鋼板の水素割れ特性のばらつきを低減する打ち抜き加工方法 |
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ES2384158T3 (es) | 2012-07-02 |
KR20070043891A (ko) | 2007-04-25 |
US7842142B1 (en) | 2010-11-30 |
CA2581251A1 (en) | 2006-03-23 |
PL2266722T3 (pl) | 2012-08-31 |
CA2581251C (en) | 2011-11-15 |
ES2382811T3 (es) | 2012-06-13 |
SI1790422T1 (sl) | 2012-07-31 |
EP1790422A4 (en) | 2009-03-18 |
EP2266722B1 (en) | 2012-03-14 |
CN101018627A (zh) | 2007-08-15 |
CA2701559C (en) | 2013-08-06 |
MX2007002767A (es) | 2007-05-18 |
KR101136560B1 (ko) | 2012-04-17 |
SI2266722T1 (sl) | 2012-07-31 |
KR101136142B1 (ko) | 2012-04-17 |
BRPI0515442A (pt) | 2008-07-29 |
PT1790422E (pt) | 2012-05-25 |
CN100574921C (zh) | 2009-12-30 |
CA2701559A1 (en) | 2006-03-23 |
PL1790422T3 (pl) | 2012-07-31 |
EP2266722A1 (en) | 2010-12-29 |
ATE549107T1 (de) | 2012-03-15 |
EP1790422B1 (en) | 2012-02-22 |
ATE546242T1 (de) | 2012-03-15 |
KR20100091243A (ko) | 2010-08-18 |
PT2266722E (pt) | 2012-06-01 |
EP1790422A1 (en) | 2007-05-30 |
KR20100091244A (ko) | 2010-08-18 |
BRPI0515442B1 (pt) | 2019-06-25 |
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