WO2005095101A1 - 有機無機複合膜が形成された物品およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
有機無機複合膜が形成された物品およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005095101A1 WO2005095101A1 PCT/JP2005/006337 JP2005006337W WO2005095101A1 WO 2005095101 A1 WO2005095101 A1 WO 2005095101A1 JP 2005006337 W JP2005006337 W JP 2005006337W WO 2005095101 A1 WO2005095101 A1 WO 2005095101A1
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- inorganic composite
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/006—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with materials of composite character
- C03C17/008—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with materials of composite character comprising a mixture of materials covered by two or more of the groups C03C17/02, C03C17/06, C03C17/22 and C03C17/28
- C03C17/009—Mixtures of organic and inorganic materials, e.g. ormosils and ormocers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/006—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with materials of composite character
- C03C17/007—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with materials of composite character containing a dispersed phase, e.g. particles, fibres or flakes, in a continuous phase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
- C08J7/04—Coating
- C08J7/0427—Coating with only one layer of a composition containing a polymer binder
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
- C08J7/04—Coating
- C08J7/046—Forming abrasion-resistant coatings; Forming surface-hardening coatings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D1/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D4/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on organic non-macromolecular compounds having at least one polymerisable carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond ; Coating compositions, based on monomers of macromolecular compounds of groups C09D183/00 - C09D183/16
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/20—Materials for coating a single layer on glass
- C03C2217/21—Oxides
- C03C2217/213—SiO2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/40—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer
- C03C2217/43—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase
- C03C2217/44—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase characterized by the composition of the continuous phase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2218/00—Methods for coating glass
- C03C2218/10—Deposition methods
- C03C2218/11—Deposition methods from solutions or suspensions
- C03C2218/113—Deposition methods from solutions or suspensions by sol-gel processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2483/00—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Derivatives of such polymers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
- Y10T428/2962—Silane, silicone or siloxane in coating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
- Y10T428/2991—Coated
- Y10T428/2993—Silicic or refractory material containing [e.g., tungsten oxide, glass, cement, etc.]
- Y10T428/2995—Silane, siloxane or silicone coating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31652—Of asbestos
- Y10T428/31663—As siloxane, silicone or silane
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an article on which an organic-inorganic composite film is formed and a method for producing the same, and in particular, an article formed by a zolgel method and containing an organic substance and having excellent mechanical strength. And its manufacturing method.
- Glass materials are generally hard and are also used in the form of a film covering a substrate.
- the melting method requires high-temperature treatment, so that the materials constituting the substrate and the film are limited.
- a solution of a metal organic or inorganic compound is used as a starting material, and the metal oxide or hydroxide fine particles are dissolved in the solution by a hydrolysis reaction and a polycondensation reaction of the compound in the solution.
- This is a method of obtaining an oxidized solid by subjecting the sol to gelation and solidifying by further gelling, and heating the gel as required.
- the sol-gel method enables production of a vitreous film at a low temperature.
- Methods for forming a silica-based film by the sol-gel method are described in, for example, JP-A-55-034258, JP-A-63-241076, JP-A-8-27422, JP-A-63-268772, These are disclosed in JP-A-2002-0 88304, JP-A-5-85714, JP-A-6-52796, JP-A-63-168470, and JP-A-11-269657.
- a silica-based film formed by a sol-gel method is inferior in mechanical strength as compared with a vitreous film obtained by a melting method.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-269657 discloses that at least one of silicon alkoxide and its hydrolyzate (including a hydrolyzate of partial strength) is 0.010 to 3% by weight in terms of silica and 0.001% of acid.
- a method for forming a silica-based film by applying an alcohol solution containing 0 to 1.0 normal and 0 to 10% by weight of water as a coating solution to a substrate is disclosed.
- the silica-based film obtained by this method has a strength enough to withstand a dry cloth abrasion test, and although it is not sufficient, a film obtained by the sol-gel method has good mechanical properties. Has strength.
- the silica-based film that can be formed by the method disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-269657 is limited to a maximum thickness of 250 ⁇ m in order to ensure a practically acceptable appearance.
- the thickness of the silica-based film formed by the sol-gel method is usually about 100 to 20 Onm.
- a coating film containing colloidal silica can form a thick film exceeding Lm by a single coating.
- a film that can also obtain this coating hydraulic force has a pencil hardness of only about 8H and does not have a sufficiently high mechanical strength.
- the coating liquid When the coating liquid is applied twice, the thickness of the obtained film increases.
- the silica-based film thus obtained does not have high mechanical strength, particularly high abrasion resistance of the film. This is mainly because double application of the coating solution induces cracks in the film.
- the present invention provides a silica-based film having excellent mechanical strength while containing an organic substance.
- the present invention is an article on which an organic-inorganic composite film is formed, comprising: a substrate; and an organic-inorganic composite film containing an organic substance and an inorganic oxide formed on the surface of the substrate.
- the organic-inorganic composite film contains silica as the inorganic oxide, and the organic-inorganic composite film has the above-mentioned silicic acid as a main component and is applied to the surface of the organic-inorganic composite film.
- the main component refers to a component having the highest content.
- the Taber abrasion test according to JIS R 3212 can be performed using a commercially available Taber abrasion tester. This test, as specified above words Ejis, performed while applying a load of 5oo g heavy, a wear test of the rotational speeds of 10 00 times.
- the present invention includes a base material, and an organic-inorganic composite film containing an organic substance and an inorganic oxide formed on the surface of the base material, wherein the organic-inorganic composite film is A method for producing an article comprising an organic-inorganic composite film, wherein the organic-inorganic composite film contains silica as an inorganic oxide, and wherein the organic-inorganic composite film contains silica as a main component. And a step of removing at least a part of a liquid component contained in the forming solution from the forming solution applied to the base material.
- the forming solution contains a silicon alkoxide, a strong acid, water and an alcohol.
- the forming solution further includes a hydrophilic organic polymer that becomes at least a part of the organic substance as at least a part of the strong acid or as a component different from the strong acid.
- the concentration of the silicon alkoxide exceeds 3% by mass as represented by the SiO concentration when silicon atoms contained in the silicon alkoxide are converted into SiO.
- the concentration of the strong acid is expressed as the molar mass of the proton assuming that the protons are completely dissociated from the strong acid;
- the concentration of the strong acid is expressed by the molar mass of the protons assuming that the strong acid protons are completely dissociated.
- concentration of the silicon alkoxide is less than 13% by mass as expressed by the concentration of SiO.
- the number of moles of water is at least four times the total number of moles of silicon atoms contained in the silicon alkoxide.
- at least a part of the liquid component contained in the forming solution applied to the substrate is removed while maintaining the substrate at a temperature of 400 ° C. or lower.
- an organic-inorganic composite film having excellent mechanical strength can be formed by a sol-gel method even if the film thickness is as thick as about 250 nm or more.
- the organic-inorganic composite film according to the present invention can have abrasion resistance superior to a glass plate obtained by a melting method.
- a film having excellent mechanical strength can be formed by a single application of the forming solution (coating solution), for example, even when the thickness is more than 250 nm.
- silicon alkoxide contained in a film forming solution is subjected to a hydrolysis reaction and a heavy reaction in the presence of water and a catalyst in a coating solution.
- An oligomer is formed via a siloxane bond through a condensation (dehydration condensation) reaction, whereby the coating liquid is in a sol state.
- the coating solution in a sol state is applied to a substrate, and an organic solvent such as alcohol and water are volatilized from the applied coating solution.
- an organic solvent such as alcohol and water
- the oligomers are concentrated, have a high molecular weight, and eventually lose their fluidity.
- a semi-solid film having a gel force is formed on the substrate.
- the space between the siloxane bond networks is filled with an organic solvent or water. As the solvent and water evaporate from the gel, the siloxane polymer shrinks and the film hardens.
- the size of the network gap remaining after gelling depends on the form of polymerization of the silicon alkoxide in the liquid.
- the form of polymerization depends on the pH of the solution.
- oligomers of silicon alkoxide tend to grow linearly.
- the linear oligomers fold to form a network structure, and the resulting film is a dense film having relatively small gaps.
- the microstructure is not strong, and cracks easily occur when the solvent or water evaporates from gaps that are not strong.
- the isoelectric point of silanol is 2. This indicates that when the pH of the coating solution is 2, silanol can be most stably present in the solution. In other words, even when a large amount of hydrolyzed silicon alkoxide is present in the solution, the probability of formation of oligomers by the dehydration-condensation reaction is extremely low if the pH of the solution is about ⁇ . As a result, the hydrolyzed silicon alkoxide can be present in the coating liquid in the form of a monomer or in a low polymerization state.
- silicon alkoxide is converted to one alkoxyl per molecule.
- the group is hydrolyzed and stabilized in a silanol state.
- tetraalkoxysilane has four alkoxyl groups, one of which is hydrolyzed and stabilized in a silanol state.
- the molar mass concentration of the protons (hereinafter, sometimes simply referred to as "proton concentration") is about 0.001-0. ImolZkg.
- the pH of the solution becomes about 3-1.
- the silicon alkoxide can be stably present as a monomer or low-polymerized silanol in the coating solution.
- a pH of around 2 is a relatively strong acidic state, and a strong acid must be used to obtain such a pH.
- the coating liquid of the present invention contains a mixed solvent of water and alcohol, and it is possible to add another solvent as necessary.
- a strong acid is used in the case of such a mixed solvent.
- strong acid force By adjusting the mass molar concentration of the protons to 0.001 to 0.2 molZkg assuming that the protons are completely dissociated, a liquid having a pH of about 2 can be obtained.
- protons having an acid dissociation index of 1S4 or more in water of the acid it is not necessary to consider protons having an acid dissociation index of 1S4 or more in water of the acid to be used. For example, since the acid dissociation index in water of acetic acid, which is a weak acid, is 4.8, even when acetic acid is included in the coating solution, acetic acid protons are not included in the proton concentration.
- the dissociation index in the first stage is 2.15, which can be regarded as a strong acid, but the dissociation index in the second stage is 7.2, and the dissociation index in the third stage is a larger value. Therefore, the proton concentration premised on dissociation from a strong acid can be calculated assuming that one proton is not dissociated by force from one phosphoric acid molecule !. Phosphoric acid after dissociation of one proton is not a strong acid. It is not necessary to consider the dissociation of protons after the second stage.
- a strong acid specifically refers to an acid having a proton having an acid dissociation index lower than that in water.
- the reason that the proton concentration is defined as the concentration when the protons of the strong acid are completely dissociated is that in a mixed solution of an organic solvent such as alcohol and water, the strong acid This is because it is difficult to accurately determine the degree of dissociation.
- the film becomes hard without heating to a high temperature.
- the maximum number of moles required for hydrolysis that is, four times or more the number of moles of water, is added to the total number of moles of silicon atoms contained in the silicon alkoxide.
- the drying step water evaporates in parallel with the evaporation of the solvent.
- the number of moles of water is more than 4 times, for example, 5 to 20 times the total number of moles of the silicon atoms.
- silicon alkoxide up to four alkoxy groups can be bonded to one silicon atom. With alkoxides having a small number of alkoxyl groups, the number of moles of water required for hydrolysis is reduced. In addition, even if tetraalkoxysilane in which four alkoxyl groups are bonded to a silicon atom, its polymer (for example, “Ethyl silicate” manufactured by Colcoat Co., Ltd.)
- the total number of moles of water required for hydrolysis is less than four times the silicon atom (where n is the number of moles of Si in the polymer (n ⁇ 2), The number of moles of water required for stoichiometric hydrolysis is (2n + 2) moles).
- n is the number of moles of Si in the polymer (n ⁇ 2)
- the number of moles of water required for stoichiometric hydrolysis is (2n + 2) moles).
- the higher the polymerization degree of the alkoxysilane raw material the smaller the number of moles of water required for hydrolysis. Therefore, in reality, the number of moles of water required for hydrolysis of silicon alkoxide may be less than four times the total number of moles of silicon atoms contained in silicon alkoxide.
- water having a mole number of 4 times or more of the total mole number of silicon atoms is added.
- the silicon atom contained in the silicon alkoxide is determined, for example, by the SiO concentration when converted to SiO so that the silicon alkoxide concentration becomes relatively high.
- the coating liquid be prepared so that it exceeds 3% by mass as indicated by the label!
- a hydrophilic organic polymer is added in order to minimize the shrinkage of the film due to evaporation of the solvent and water.
- the hydrophilic organic polymer suppresses the occurrence of cracks that may occur as the liquid component contained in the applied coating liquid evaporates.
- the hydrophilic organic polymer is interposed between the silica particles formed in the liquid and reduces the effect of film shrinkage due to evaporation of the liquid component. It is thought that the addition of the hydrophilic organic polymer allows the film to flexibly follow structural changes during curing shrinkage, and alleviates the stress in the film. Conventionally, organic substances exerted only a factor to limit the heat treatment temperature.
- the hydrophilic organic polymer is preferably added to the coating solution in advance.
- an organic substance and an inorganic substance are compounded at a molecular level.
- the hydrophilic organic polymer seems to suppress the growth of silica particles formed by the sol-gel reaction and suppress the porosity of the membrane.
- Preferred hydrophilic organic polymers include polymers containing a polyoxyalkylene group.
- examples of the hydrophilic organic polymer containing a polyoxyalkylene group include polyethylene glycol and a polyether type surfactant.
- the mechanical strength of the film was easily improved when the coating solution contained a phosphorus source, for example, phosphoric acid, phosphate, or phosphate.
- a phosphorus source for example, phosphoric acid, phosphate, or phosphate.
- the proton concentration in the coating solution becomes wider than the above range.
- the proton concentration may be 0.0001-0.2 molZkg.
- the concentration of the silicon alkoxide in the coating solution need not be limited to the above level, but may be 30% by mass or less. Of course, even when a phosphorus supply source is present, the concentration of silicon alkoxide may be limited to 3% by mass or more and less than 13% by mass. The preferred concentration of the silicon alkoxide when there is no phosphorus source is 3% by mass to 9% by mass.
- the base material does not peel even though organic substances are contained.
- the thickness of the organic-inorganic composite film is more than 250 nm and 5 ⁇ m or less, preferably more than 300 nm and 5 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 500 nm or more and 5 ⁇ m or less, and particularly preferably 1 ⁇ m or less. ⁇ m or more and 5 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness of the organic-inorganic composite film may be 4 ⁇ m or less
- the haze ratio of the portion to which the Taber abrasion test is applied, measured after the Taber abrasion test can be 4% or less, and further 3% or less. This is a mechanical strength corresponding to a vitreous film obtained by a melting method.
- the content of the organic substance is preferably from 0.1 to 60%, particularly preferably from 2 to 60%, based on the total mass of the organic-inorganic composite film.
- the organic inorganic composite film according to the present invention preferably contains a hydrophilic organic polymer as an organic substance.
- the hydrophilic organic polymer preferably contains polyoxyalkylene groups (polyalkylene oxide structure). ,.
- the organic-inorganic composite film according to the present invention may contain phosphorus!
- the organic-inorganic composite film according to the present invention may contain fine particles.
- the function can be added to the film by adding the fine particles.
- the fine particles are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include organic fine particles and conductive oxide fine particles. Latex and the like can be listed as the organic fine particles.
- the haze ratio force of the portion to which the Taber abrasion test was applied, measured after the Taber abrasion test was not more than 3%, preferably not more than 3%. It is also possible to form a certain organic-inorganic composite film.
- a coating liquid containing a silicon alkoxide, a strong acid, water and an alcohol, and further containing a hydrophilic organic polymer is used.
- a hydrophilic organic polymer a polymer that functions as a strong acid, which is usually added as a component other than the strong acid, such as a polymer containing a phosphate group, may be added as at least a part of the strong acid.
- the silicon alkoxide is preferably at least one of tetraalkoxysilane and a polymer thereof. Silicon alkoxides and their polymers may contain hydrolyzed alkoxyl groups.
- the concentration of the silicon alkoxide is preferably 3% by mass or more and less than 13% by mass, expressed by the SiO concentration when silicon atoms contained in the silicon alkoxide were converted into SiO.
- 3 wt% to 9 wt% or less that is, when the coating solution contains a phosphorus source may be 3 mass 0/0 over 30 mass 0/0 or less. If the concentration of silicon alkoxide in the coating solution is too high, cracks may occur that may peel from the substrate.
- At least a part of the phosphorus source may be phosphoric acid contained as at least a part of the strong acid. At least a part of the phosphorus source may be a phosphate ester group contained in the hydrophilic organic polymer.
- the SiO concentration be A and (5A-15) mass% or less.
- concentration of the hydrophilic organic polymer is too low, the film stress due to shrinkage during curing cannot be reduced, and cracks may occur.
- concentration of the hydrophilic organic polymer is
- the content is 0.1% by mass or more, especially 5% by mass or more.
- the drying step in the method of the present invention at least a part, preferably substantially all, of the liquid components of the forming solution applied on the substrate, for example, water and alcohol are removed.
- the step of applying the forming solution and the step of removing at least a part of the liquid component contained in the applied forming solution are each performed once.
- an organic-inorganic composite film having a certain thickness of, for example, more than 250 nm and 5 m or less can be formed.
- Examples of the strong acid used in the production method of the present invention include hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, trichloroacetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, methanesulfonic acid, paratoluenesulfonic acid, and oxalic acid.
- volatile acids can be preferably used because they do not volatilize during heating and remain in the cured film. It is known that if an acid remains in the cured film, it may hinder the binding of the inorganic components and may reduce the film hardness.
- the organic-inorganic composite film according to the present invention has a film hardness comparable to that of molten glass by heat treatment at a relatively low temperature. Even if this organic-inorganic composite film is applied to an automotive or architectural window glass, it is sufficiently practical.
- a functional material can be introduced using the organic-inorganic composite film that can be formed according to the present invention as a matrix. After a heat treatment step of about 400 ° C or higher, even a functional material whose function is impaired can be introduced into the organic-inorganic composite film without impairing its function.
- organic substances that can be used as the functional material start to decompose at a temperature of 200 to 300 ° C. Even if it is an inorganic substance, for example, ITO (indium tin oxide) fine particles, which are acid oxide, have a reduced heat shielding ability when heated at 250 ° C. or more.
- ITO indium tin oxide
- the substrate may be heated as needed when removing the liquid component.
- the heating temperature of the substrate should be appropriately adjusted according to the heat resistance of the functional material.
- Example A1 a polyether phosphate ester surfactant was added to the coating solution (forming solution).
- the polyether phosphate ester surfactant is also a source of phosphorus.
- Table 1 shows the content of silicon alkoxide (tetraethoxysilane) (in terms of silica), the ton concentration, the content of water, and the content of organic polymer (hydrophilic organic polymer) in this solution. It is on the street. Note that the water content is calculated by adding the water content (0.35% by mass) contained in ethyl alcohol. The proton concentration was calculated assuming that all the protons contained in the hydrochloric acid were dissociated. The method of calculating the water content and the proton concentration is the same in all the following Examples and Comparative Examples.
- Solsperse 41000 is a dispersant obtained by esterifying polyoxyethylene alkyl ether with phosphoric acid.
- this forming solution was applied by flow coating at a humidity of 30% and a room temperature. After drying at room temperature for about 30 minutes as it was, it was placed in an oven heated to 200 ° C in advance, heated for 40 minutes, and then cooled. The resulting film was a 2900 nm thick film with no cracks and high transparency.
- the hardness of the film was evaluated by a wear test based on JIS R 3212. That is, using a commercially available Taber abrasion tester (TABER INDUSTRIES 5150 ABRASER), abrasion was performed 1000 times with a load of 500 g, and the haze ratio before and after the abrasion test was measured.
- Table 2 shows the film thickness, the presence or absence of cracks, the haze ratio before and after the Taber test, and the presence or absence of film peeling after the Taber test.
- Table 2 also shows the haze ratio before and after the Taber test in the molten glass plate as a blank. The haze ratio was measured using HGM-2 manufactured by Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd. It was measured using DP.
- the haze ratio after the Taber test was as low as 2.1%, which is comparable to that of a molten glass plate.
- This glass sheet with a silica film is sufficiently practical as a window glass for automobiles or buildings.
- the haze ratio after Taber test is required to be 4% or less.
- Example A2 ethyl silicate was used together with tetraethoxysilane as a silica raw material.
- the “ethyl silicate 40” used here is represented by the following formula (1) and has a silica content (SiO 2
- a condensate having a branched or cyclic structure is also included.
- Silicon alkoxide polymers represented by “ethyl silicate 40” are excellent in silica supply efficiency, viscosity, specific gravity, storage stability, etc., and are easy to handle during use. It may be used as part or all.
- the average value of ⁇ is 5.
- this forming solution was applied by flow coating at a humidity of 30% and a room temperature. After drying at room temperature for about 30 minutes as it was, it was placed in an oven preheated to 200 ° C, heated for 40 minutes, and then cooled. The obtained film was a highly transparent film having no crack of 2900 nm.
- Example A3 polyethylene glycol was used in place of the polyether phosphate ester-based surfactant, and phosphoric acid was produced as a raw material of phosphorus.
- polyethylene glycol 4000 used here is a polyethylene glycol having a weight average molecular weight of 4000.
- this forming solution was applied by flow coating at a humidity of 30% and a room temperature. After drying at room temperature for about 30 minutes as it was, it was placed in an oven preheated to 200 ° C, heated for 40 minutes, and then cooled. The obtained film was a highly transparent film having no cracks of 3300 nm.
- Example A4 ITO fine particles were dispersed in the organic-inorganic composite film.
- ITO fine particle dispersion manufactured by Mitsubishi Materials: an ethyl alcohol solution containing 40% by mass of ITO was mixed with 7.5 g of a polyether phosphate ester surfactant (Dispalon DA-375) manufactured by Kusumoto I-Daisei. .15g, tetraethoxysilane (Shin-Etsu Chemical) 20.8g, ethyl alcohol (Katayama Chemical) 55.45g, pure water 15.8g, concentrated hydrochloric acid (35% by mass, Kanto-Iridaku) 0.3g Add to make a forming solution. The proton concentration in this solution is as shown in Table 1.
- Disperson DA-375 is a dispersant obtained by esterifying polyoxyethylene alkyl ether with phosphoric acid.
- the organic-inorganic composite film, ITO fine particles contained 3 mass 0/0, Ru.
- Example A5 ITO fine particles were dispersed in the organic-inorganic composite film.
- ITO fine particle dispersion manufactured by Mitsubishi Materials: ethyl alcohol solution containing 40% by mass of ITO
- the proton concentration in this solution is as shown in Table 1.
- polyethylene glycol 400 used here is a polyethylene glycol having a weight average molecular weight of 400.
- this forming solution was applied by flow coating at 30% humidity and room temperature. After drying at room temperature for about 30 minutes as it was, it was placed in an oven heated to 200 ° C in advance, heated for 14 minutes, and then cooled. The obtained film was a crack-free and highly transparent film of lOOOnm.
- This organic-inorganic composite film contains 3% by mass of ITO fine particles.
- the films obtained in Examples A4 and A5 contain the ITO fine particles, they cut off the infrared rays contained in the sunlight and sensed when the sunlight hit the skin through ordinary glass. It has the function of reducing the heat of the sun.
- ITO fine particles when exposed to a temperature of 250 ° C or more, ITO fine particles are oxidized and their infrared ray cutting function is reduced.
- Examples A4 and A5 since the heating was performed at a temperature of 200 ° C. or less, a silica film in which the infrared ray shielding function of the ITO fine particles was maintained was obtained.
- Comparative Example A6 In Comparative Example A6, polyethylene glycol was used in place of the polyether phosphate ester surfactant in Example A1. No phosphorus source was added.
- this forming solution was applied by flow coating at a humidity of 30% and a room temperature. After drying at room temperature for about 30 minutes as it was, it was placed in an oven preheated to 200 ° C, heated for 40 minutes, and then cooled. The obtained film was a highly transparent film having no crack of 2800 nm.
- Example A7 phosphoric acid was used in place of the polyether phosphate ester-based surfactant in Example A1. No hydrophilic organic polymer was added.
- this forming solution was applied by a flow coating method at a humidity of 30% and a room temperature. After drying at room temperature for about 30 minutes as it was, it was placed in an oven preheated to 200 ° C, heated for 40 minutes, and then cooled. As a result, cracks accompanied by peeling were generated, and a force was not achieved as a film.
- Example B1 the proton concentration was increased, and a polyether phosphate ester surfactant and polyethylene glycol were added to the forming solution.
- ethyl alcohol Karl Chemical
- 6.25 g of tetraethoxysilane manufactured by Shin-Etsu Digaku
- 5.68 g of pure water concentrated hydrochloric acid (35% by mass, manufactured by Kanto Yi-daku) 0 3g
- 0.23g of polyether phosphate ester surfactant manufactured by Nippon Lubrizol: Solsperse 41000
- 0.04g of Polyethene Lendacol 200 manufactured by Kanto Idani
- polyethylene glycol 200 used here is a polyethylene glycol having a weight average molecular weight of 200.
- a coating solution was applied on a washed soda-lime silicate glass substrate (305 ⁇ 305 mm) at a humidity of 30% and at room temperature by a flow coating method. As it was, it was air-dried at room temperature for about 5 minutes, then put into an oven preheated to 200 ° C, heated for 12 minutes, and then cooled.
- Table 4 shows the characteristics of the formed film.
- the haze ratio after the Taber test was as low as 0.7%, and the difference between the haze ratios before and after the test was very small. As a result, the film was confirmed to have high hardness and high hardness.
- Example B2 the proton concentration was slightly lower than that in Example B1, and a polyether phosphate ester surfactant and polyethylene glycol were added to the forming solution.
- a coating solution was applied on a washed soda-lime silicate glass substrate (305 x 305 mm) at a humidity of 30% and a room temperature by a flow coating method. As it was, it was air-dried at room temperature for about 5 minutes, then put into an oven preheated to 200 ° C, heated for 12 minutes, and then cooled. [0121] The obtained film was 800 nm thick, but cracks accompanied by peeling occurred in a part of the film. Cracks occurred up to 50 mm from the underside of the substrate on which the liquid was applied in an inclined state. It is considered that cracks were likely to occur on the lower side of the substrate because the film became slightly thicker. A Taber abrasion test was performed for the places where cracks with peeling did not occur. Table 4 shows the characteristics of the formed film.
- Example B3 the proton concentration was reduced, and a polyether phosphate ester surfactant and polyethylene glycol were added to the forming solution.
- this coating solution was applied to a washed soda-lime silicate glass substrate (305 ⁇ 305 mm) at a humidity of 30% and a room temperature by a flow coating method. As it was, it was air-dried at room temperature for about 5 minutes, then placed in an oven preheated to 200 ° C, heated for 12 minutes, and then cooled. The obtained film was a transparent film having a thickness of 700 nm and having no haze, and cracks accompanied by peeling were not confirmed. Table 4 shows the characteristics of the formed film.
- the proton concentration is preferably 0.09 molZkg or less, particularly preferably 0.04 molZkg or less.
- Example B4 the proton concentration was further reduced and the forming solution was charged with polyether phosphate. Steal surfactant and polyethylene glycol were added.
- this coating solution was applied to a washed soda-lime-silicate glass substrate (305 ⁇ 305 mm) at a humidity of 30% and a room temperature by a flow coating method. As it was, it was air-dried at room temperature for about 5 minutes, then placed in an oven preheated to 200 ° C, heated for 12 minutes, and then cooled. The obtained film was a 800 nm-thick film with high transparency, and cracks accompanying peeling were not observed. Table 4 shows the characteristics of the formed film.
- a coating solution was applied to the washed soda-lime silicate glass substrate (305 ⁇ 305 mm) at a humidity of 30% and at room temperature by a flow coating method. As it was, it was air-dried at room temperature for about 5 minutes, then put into an oven preheated to 200 ° C, heated for 12 minutes, and then cooled.
- the obtained film was 800 nm thick, but cracks accompanied by peeling occurred on almost the entire surface, so that it was difficult to measure the characteristics of the film. (Example CI)
- Example CI polyethylene glycol was added to the forming solution. Phosphorus sources such as phosphoric acid have not been added.
- a film was formed in the same manner as in Example B1, using the same raw materials as in Example B1 except that the polyether phosphate ester-based surfactant was not added. Raw materials were adjusted to the concentrations shown in Table 5.
- the obtained film was a 700-nm-thick highly transparent film, but a crack accompanied by peeling occurred in a part of the film.
- a Taber abrasion test was performed on a portion where cracks accompanying peeling did not occur, no peeling of the film was observed after the Taber abrasion test. Table 6 shows the results.
- Example C2 the proton concentration was slightly reduced from Example C1.
- Example C2 a polyethylene source was added, and no phosphorus source such as phosphoric acid was added.
- a film was formed in the same manner as in Example B1, using the same raw materials as in Example B1, except that the polyether phosphate ester-based surfactant was not added.
- Raw materials were adjusted to the concentrations shown in Table 5.
- the obtained film was a highly transparent film having a thickness of 700 nm, and no crack accompanying peeling was observed.
- a Taber abrasion test was performed, no peeling of the film was observed after the Taber abrasion test. Table 6 shows the results.
- Example C3 the proton concentration was further reduced from Example C2. Also in Example C3, a phosphorus source such as phosphoric acid added with polyethylene glycol was not added.
- a film was formed in the same manner as in Example B1, using the same raw materials as in Example B1 except that the polyether phosphate ester-based surfactant was not added. Raw materials were adjusted to the concentrations shown in Table 5.
- the obtained film was a highly transparent film having a thickness of 700 nm, and no cracks accompanying peeling were observed. It was. When a Taber abrasion test was performed, no peeling of the film was observed after the Taber abrasion test. Table 6 shows the results.
- the proton concentration was particularly preferably 0.09 molZkg or less. It turns out.
- Comparative Example C4 the proton concentration was further reduced from Example C3.
- a polyethylene source was added, and no phosphorus source such as phosphoric acid was added.
- a film was formed in the same manner as in Example B1, using the same raw materials as in Example B1 except that the polyether phosphate ester-based surfactant was not added. Raw materials were adjusted to the concentrations shown in Table 5.
- the coating liquid was repelled from the substrate, and a film could not be formed. This is considered to be because the hydrolysis of the silicon alkoxide did not proceed sufficiently in a solution having a low acid concentration.
- Example B4 it was possible to apply the coating liquid even with the same proton concentration as Comparative Example C4.
- the coating solution does not contain a phosphorus supply source, it is preferable to set the proton concentration to 0.001 molZkg or more to promote the hydrolysis of silicon alkoxide in the solution to a certain extent.
- Example D1 a polyether phosphate ester surfactant and polyethylene glycol were added to the forming solution.
- Example B1 Using the same raw materials as in Example B1, a film was formed in the same manner as in Example B1. The raw materials were adjusted to the concentrations shown in Table 7. The addition amounts of the polyether phosphate ester-based surfactant (manufactured by Lubrizol of Japan: Solsperse 41000) and polyethylene glycol 200 (manufactured by Kanto Kagaku) were the same as in Example B1.
- the polyether phosphate ester-based surfactant manufactured by Lubrizol of Japan: Solsperse 41000
- polyethylene glycol 200 manufactured by Kanto Kagaku
- the obtained film was a highly transparent film having a thickness of 700 nm, and no cracks accompanying peeling were observed.
- film peeling was observed after the Taber abrasion test. Did not. Table 8 shows the results.
- Example D2 the water content was reduced from Example D1. Also in Example D2, a polyether phosphate ester surfactant and polyethylene glycol were added.
- Example B1 Using the same raw materials as in Example B1, a film was formed in the same manner as in Example B1. The raw materials were adjusted to the concentrations shown in Table 7. The addition amounts of the polyether phosphate ester-based surfactant (manufactured by Lubrizol of Japan: Solsperse 41000) and polyethylene glycol 200 (manufactured by Kanto Kagaku) were the same as in Example B1.
- the polyether phosphate ester-based surfactant manufactured by Lubrizol of Japan: Solsperse 41000
- polyethylene glycol 200 manufactured by Kanto Kagaku
- the obtained film was a 600-nm-thick film with high transparency, and no crack accompanying peeling was observed.
- a Taber abrasion test was performed, no peeling of the film was observed after the Taber abrasion test.
- Table 8 shows the results.
- Comparative Example D3 the water content was lower than in Example D2. Also in Comparative Example D3, a polyether phosphate ester surfactant and polyethylene glycol were added.
- Example B1 Using the same raw materials as in Example B1, a film was formed in the same manner as in Example B1. The raw materials were adjusted to the concentrations shown in Table 7. The addition amounts of the polyether phosphate ester-based surfactant (manufactured by Lubrizol of Japan: Solsperse 41000) and polyethylene glycol 200 (manufactured by Kanto Kagaku) were the same as in Example B1.
- the polyether phosphate ester-based surfactant manufactured by Lubrizol of Japan: Solsperse 41000
- polyethylene glycol 200 manufactured by Kanto Kagaku
- the obtained film was a 600-nm-thick film with high transparency, and no crack accompanying peeling was observed. However, when the Taber abrasion test was performed, the film was peeled off after the Taber abrasion test. Table 8 shows the results.
- Example E1 the proton concentration was slightly increased, and ITO fine particles were added.
- a polyether phosphate ester surfactant and polyethylene glycol were added.
- Ethyl alcohol manufactured by Katayama Chemical 15. To 24 g, tetraethoxysilane (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Digaku) 6. 25 g, pure water 5.69 g, concentrated hydrochloric acid (35% by mass, manufactured by Kanto Idani) 0.3 g, polyether phosphate ester surfactant (manufactured by Nippon Lubrizol: Solsperse 41000) 0.23 g, polyethylene render Recall 200 (manufactured by Kanto Idani Kagaku) (0.04 g) was added and stirred, and 2.25 g of ITO fine particle dispersion (manufactured by Mitsubishi Materials; an ethyl alcohol solution containing 40% by mass of ITO) was further added. The coating liquid became cloudy due to the addition of the ITO fine particle dispersion.
- the proton concentration, water content, etc. are as shown in Table 9.
- a coating solution was applied to the washed soda lime silicate glass substrate (305 ⁇ 305 mm) at a humidity of 30% and at room temperature by a flow coating method. As it was, it was air-dried at room temperature for about 5 minutes, then put into an oven preheated to 200 ° C, heated for 12 minutes, and then cooled.
- the obtained film was a highly transparent film having a thickness of 1300 nm, and no crack accompanying peeling was observed.
- a Taber abrasion test was performed, no peeling of the film was observed after the Taber abrasion test.
- Table 10 shows the results.
- Example E2 the proton concentration was slightly lowered from Example E1, and ITO fine particles were added.
- the forming solution was added with a polyether phosphate ester surfactant and polyethylene glycol.
- a coating solution was applied on a washed soda-lime silicate glass substrate (305 x 305 mm) at a humidity of 30% and a room temperature by a flow coating method. About 5 minutes at room temperature After being air-dried, it was put into an oven preheated to 200 ° C, heated for 12 minutes, and then cooled.
- the obtained film was a highly transparent film having a thickness of 1300 nm, and no crack accompanying peeling was observed.
- a Taber abrasion test was performed, no peeling of the film was observed after the Taber abrasion test.
- Table 10 shows the results.
- Example E1 the film was cloudy, but before the Taber abrasion test, the film was not as cloudy as the film obtained in Example E2.
- the proton concentration is preferably 0.03 molZkg or less.
- silicon alkoxide tetramethoxysilane, methyl silicate, or the like may be used.
- an organically modified alkoxide may be used as the silicon alkoxide.
- the amount of the silicon alkoxide which is organically modified is 10% or less of the number of moles of silicon atoms of the silicon alkoxide which is not organically modified.
- the strong acid sulfuric acid, p-sulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid and the like may be used.
- alcohol methyl alcohol, 1-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, t-butyl alcohol and the like may be used!
- the film according to the present invention has a feature that an organic substance can be added.
- various organic substances not limited to the hydrophilic organic polymer can be added, and a function derived from the added organic substance can be imparted to the film. Further, various functional fine particles may be added.
- a metal oxide other than silica may be added to the film according to the present invention.
- lithium, sodium, potassium, cesium, magnesium, calcium, cobalt Add iron, nickel, copper, aluminum, gallium, indium, scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, zinc, and other metal chlorides, oxides, and nitrates to the coating solution.
- boric acid or an alkoxide of boron is converted to acetylacetone or the like.
- oxychloride oxynitride, or alkoxide can be added by chelating with j8-diketone.
- the hydrophilic organic polymer is not limited to the above examples.
- a surfactant containing a polyoxyalkylene group or a polyether having a hydrophilic terminal can be widely used.
- Polypropylene glycol or the like may be used instead of polyethylene glycol.
- Phosphoric acid may be used as the phosphorus source, as in Example A3.
- the phosphate surfactant having a polyether group also has an action of improving the dispersibility of fine particles in a coating solution.
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Abstract
Description
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JP2006511814A JP4451440B2 (ja) | 2004-03-31 | 2005-03-31 | 有機無機複合膜が形成された物品およびその製造方法 |
US10/594,936 US7749606B2 (en) | 2004-03-31 | 2005-03-31 | Article with organic-inorganic composite film and process for producing the same |
CN2005800097701A CN1938151B (zh) | 2004-03-31 | 2005-03-31 | 形成有有机无机复合膜的物品及其制造方法 |
EP20050728014 EP1731300B1 (en) | 2004-03-31 | 2005-03-31 | Article with organic/inorganic composite coating formed and process for producing the same |
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US20090206296A1 (en) * | 2008-02-14 | 2009-08-20 | Bakul Dave | Methods and compositions for improving the surface properties of fabrics, garments, textiles and other substrates |
WO2012107968A1 (ja) | 2011-02-07 | 2012-08-16 | 日本板硝子株式会社 | 紫外線遮蔽能を有するガラス物品および紫外線遮蔽膜形成用微粒子分散組成物 |
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- 2005-03-31 WO PCT/JP2005/006337 patent/WO2005095101A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2005-03-31 JP JP2006511815A patent/JPWO2005095102A1/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-03-31 EP EP20050728014 patent/EP1731300B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2005-03-31 KR KR1020067021837A patent/KR20060134173A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-03-31 US US10/594,936 patent/US7749606B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-03-31 KR KR1020067021835A patent/KR20070007834A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-03-31 EP EP05728015A patent/EP1731301A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-03-31 US US10/594,606 patent/US20070212534A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-03-31 WO PCT/JP2005/006338 patent/WO2005095102A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2005-03-31 DE DE200560024940 patent/DE602005024940D1/de active Active
- 2005-03-31 JP JP2006511814A patent/JP4451440B2/ja active Active
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2008075650A1 (ja) | 2006-12-20 | 2008-06-26 | Nippon Sheet Glass Company, Limited | 有機無機複合膜が形成された物品 |
US8021749B2 (en) | 2006-12-20 | 2011-09-20 | Nippon Sheet Glass Company, Limited | Article with organic-inorganic composite film |
US20090206296A1 (en) * | 2008-02-14 | 2009-08-20 | Bakul Dave | Methods and compositions for improving the surface properties of fabrics, garments, textiles and other substrates |
WO2012107968A1 (ja) | 2011-02-07 | 2012-08-16 | 日本板硝子株式会社 | 紫外線遮蔽能を有するガラス物品および紫外線遮蔽膜形成用微粒子分散組成物 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE602005024940D1 (de) | 2011-01-05 |
JP4451440B2 (ja) | 2010-04-14 |
US20070212571A1 (en) | 2007-09-13 |
EP1731301A1 (en) | 2006-12-13 |
KR20060134173A (ko) | 2006-12-27 |
KR20070007834A (ko) | 2007-01-16 |
EP1731300A4 (en) | 2008-09-03 |
EP1731300B1 (en) | 2010-11-24 |
EP1731300A1 (en) | 2006-12-13 |
US20070212534A1 (en) | 2007-09-13 |
JPWO2005095101A1 (ja) | 2008-02-21 |
EP1731301A4 (en) | 2008-08-20 |
WO2005095102A1 (ja) | 2005-10-13 |
JPWO2005095102A1 (ja) | 2008-02-21 |
US7749606B2 (en) | 2010-07-06 |
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