WO2005017989A1 - 半導体平坦化用研磨剤 - Google Patents
半導体平坦化用研磨剤 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005017989A1 WO2005017989A1 PCT/JP2004/011549 JP2004011549W WO2005017989A1 WO 2005017989 A1 WO2005017989 A1 WO 2005017989A1 JP 2004011549 W JP2004011549 W JP 2004011549W WO 2005017989 A1 WO2005017989 A1 WO 2005017989A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- abrasive
- particles
- polishing
- semiconductor
- cerium oxide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09G—POLISHING COMPOSITIONS; SKI WAXES
- C09G1/00—Polishing compositions
- C09G1/02—Polishing compositions containing abrasives or grinding agents
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P52/00—Grinding, lapping or polishing of wafers, substrates or parts of devices
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/14—Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
- C09K3/1409—Abrasive particles per se
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/14—Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
- C09K3/1454—Abrasive powders, suspensions and pastes for polishing
- C09K3/1463—Aqueous liquid suspensions
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an abrasive, and particularly to an abrasive for semiconductor flattening.
- Glass materials and filters used in optical disc substrates, magnetic discs, glass substrates for flat panel displays, clock plates, camera lenses, and various lenses for optical components are examples of applications requiring precise polishing of the material surface.
- Materials such as semiconductors, substrates such as silicon wafers for semiconductors, insulating films, metal layers, and barrier layers formed in each process of semiconductor device manufacturing. These material surfaces are required to be polished with high precision.
- abrasives using silica, zirconium oxide, alumina or the like alone or in combination of two or more as abrasive particles are generally used.
- Examples of the form of the abrasive include a slurry obtained by dispersing abrasive particles in a liquid, a slurry obtained by hardening abrasive particles together with a resin and other binders, and a method using abrasive particles such as fibers, resin, and metal. It is a general practice to use, as a polishing agent, a substance that is adhered and Z-fixed together with a binder with only fine particles on the surface of a substrate such as.
- silica abrasives using silica fine particles as abrasive particles are widely used for precision polishing such as wiring formation in the manufacture of semiconductor integrated circuits (hereinafter, referred to as semiconductors) because scratches on the surface to be polished are small.
- semiconductors semiconductor integrated circuits
- cerium cerium abrasives containing cerium cerium having a higher polishing rate have attracted attention because of their lower polishing rates (for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-26840). And JP-A-2-371267.
- the cerium cerium abrasive has a problem that it has more scratches than the silica abrasive.
- cerium oxide cerium abrasive has been used for polishing glass for a long time, but in order to apply it to semiconductor flattening, it was necessary to minimize impurity contamination. Therefore, the rare earth raw material is purified and purified to obtain high purity cerium oxide via a cerium salt.
- cerium salt cerium carbonate, cerium oxalate, cerium nitrate and the like are used. These cerium salts A calcined and pulverized cerium oxide has been dispersed to produce a semiconductor planarizing abrasive.
- the cerium oxide cerium abrasive has a larger average particle diameter than the silica abrasive and is considered to have a higher content of coarse particles. Since a highly sensitive measurement technique has not been established, the reliability of the measurement results is high. Was inadequate. Therefore, the relationship between coarse particles and scratches was conceptually understood, and only limited to effective concrete measures.
- paragraph number (0020) of Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-154673 describes that the maximum particle size of a particle is measured by a laser diffraction type particle size distribution meter, and that a particle size of 1 ⁇ m or more is not included. Have been. Conventionally, scratches were prevented by reducing the maximum particle size of the particles by measuring with a laser diffraction type particle size distribution meter such as Master Sizer (trade name of Malvern Instrument Company). .
- the present inventors diligently studied the cause, and found that the particle force of 3 ⁇ m or more, which was considered to be absent by the measurement method using the particle size distribution analyzer, was present in such a small amount that it could not be detected. , They found that they had an effect on S-Scratch.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an abrasive for semiconductor flattening, which can reduce the occurrence of scratches and precisely polish a semiconductor surface while maintaining an appropriate polishing rate.
- the abrasive for semiconductor planarization of the present invention contains cerium oxide particles and water, and the content of cerium oxide particles having a particle diameter of 3 ⁇ m or more is 500 ppm or less in a solid. I do.
- 99% by volume of all the cerium oxide particles have a particle size of 1 ⁇ m or less.
- FIG. 1 is an example of an enlarged photograph of the surface of a film (single layer) type analysis filter perforated by laser processing, which was used for measuring the content of coarse particles in the example of the present invention.
- the polishing agent for planarizing a semiconductor (hereinafter, also referred to as polishing agent) of the present invention is characterized by containing cerium oxide particles and water.
- TEOS-A cerium oxide abrasive used for polishing a silicon oxide film formed by a CVD method or the like can perform high-speed polishing as the primary particle diameter increases and the crystal distortion decreases, that is, as the crystallinity increases. However, there is a tendency that polishing scratches easily occur. Therefore, the production method of the cerium oxidized cerium particles used in the present invention is not limited, but the average value of the primary particle diameter of cerium oxidized cerium is preferably 5 nm or more and 300 nm or less! /.
- primary particles are particles that are observed and observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and correspond to crystallites surrounded by grain boundaries! , U.
- cerium oxide particles produced by the above method are easily aggregated, it is preferable to mechanically pulverize the particles.
- the pulverization method dry pulverization using a jet mill or the like or wet pulverization using a planetary bead mill or the like is preferable.
- the jet mill is described in, for example, I-Danigaku Kogyo Jisho, Vol. 6, No. 5 (1980), 527-532.
- the abrasive of the present invention preferably has a composition containing the cerium oxide particles, a dispersant, and water.
- a composition comprising the cerium oxide particles prepared by the above method and a dispersant in water.
- the concentration of the cerium oxide particles is not limited, but is preferably in the range of 0.5% by weight or more and 20% by weight or less from 1% by weight to 10% by weight because of easy handling of the dispersed abrasive. The following range is more preferable: 1. The range of 5% by weight or more and 5% by weight or less is particularly preferable.
- the dispersant is preferably used for polishing semiconductor elements, the content of alkali metals such as sodium ions and potassium ions and the content of nitrogen and zeolite is preferably suppressed to lOppm or less.
- a polymeric dispersant containing an acrylic acid ammonium salt as the above is preferred.
- the amount of the dispersant added is such that the dispersibility and prevention of sedimentation of the particles in the abrasive and the relationship between the polishing scratches (scratch) and the amount of the dispersant added are 100 parts by weight of the cerium oxide particles.
- the range is preferably from 01 parts by weight to 5.0 parts by weight.
- the weight average molecular weight of the dispersant is preferably 100 to 50,000 000 S, more preferably 1,000 to 10,000 S.
- the molecular weight of the dispersant is less than 100, when the silicon oxide film or the silicon nitride film is polished, a sufficient polishing rate is not obtained, and when the molecular weight of the dispersant exceeds 50,000, the viscosity is increased. And the storage stability of the abrasive tends to decrease.
- the weight average molecular weight is a value measured by gel permeation chromatography and converted to standard polystyrene.
- a homogenizer As a method for dispersing these cerium oxide particles in water, a homogenizer, an ultrasonic disperser, a wet ball mill, or the like can be used in addition to the usual dispersion treatment using a stirrer.
- the secondary particle size of the cerium oxidized particles in the polishing agent of the present invention thus produced has a particle size distribution, so that 99% by volume of the whole cerium oxidized particles (hereinafter referred to as D99). ) Preferably has a particle size of 1.0 m or less. When D99 exceeds 1.0 m, the occurrence of scratches increases.
- the median secondary particle diameter of the cerium oxide particles (hereinafter, also referred to as D50! /) Is 0.03 to 0.3.
- the force S is preferably 0.05 to 0.3 m. More preferably, there is. If the median secondary particle diameter is less than 0.03 m, the polishing rate tends to be low, and if it exceeds 0.0, polishing scratches are likely to occur on the surface of the film to be polished.
- the median secondary particle size (D50) of the cerium oxide particles in the abrasive and the above D99 are determined by the light scattering method, It can be measured with a cloth meter (for example, Mastersizer-Micro 'Plus', manufactured by Malvern Instruments).
- the content of coarse particles having a particle diameter of 3 m or more in the entire solid in the abrasive is small.
- the coarse particles having a size of 3 ⁇ m or more refer to particles captured by filtration with a filter having a pore size of 3 ⁇ m.
- the content of particles having a particle diameter of 3 ⁇ m or more in the entire solid in the abrasive needs to be 500 ppm or less in weight ratio, whereby the effect of reducing scratches is apparent.
- the content of particles having a size of 3 ⁇ m or more in the whole solid is 200 ⁇ m or less, the effect of reducing scratches is more preferable.
- the content of the above particles in the whole solid is 100 ppm or less, the effect of reducing the scratch is the greatest, which is more preferable.
- the content of coarse particles of 3 ⁇ m or more can be obtained by weight measurement of particles captured by filtration with a filter having a pore size of 3 ⁇ m.
- the content of the entire solid in the polishing slurry is measured separately after drying the polishing slurry. For example, 10 g of an abrasive is dried at 150 ° C for 1 hour, and the residue is weighed to obtain a solid concentration. Then, the content of the entire solid can be obtained by multiplying the mass of the abrasive used for filtration with a filter having a pore size of 3 m by the solid concentration.
- the filter having a pore diameter of 3 / zm is preferably a film (single-layer) type analysis filter which is perforated with a laser filter.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of an enlarged photograph of the surface of such a filter.
- Cyclopore Truck Etch Membrane Filter manufactured by Whatman is shown.
- Such an analysis filter has an accurate pore size and a constant distribution, so that accurate separation by particle size is possible.
- the particles captured on the filter are suitable for observation using an optical microscope or an electron microscope!
- Means for reducing the content of coarse particles include, but are not limited to, filtration and classification.
- a filter for mass production is preferable.
- the filter for mass production has a multi-layer structure.
- the holes are formed by overlapping filter fibers that are not laser-processed.
- a polymer additive that further improves flatness and dispersibility can be added to the abrasive.
- polymers such as acrylate derivatives, acrylic acid, and acrylates can be used.
- the amount of the polymer additive is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 parts by weight or more and 20 parts by weight or less based on 100 parts by weight of the cerium oxide particles.
- the weight average molecular weight of the polymer additive is preferably from 100 to 50,000, more preferably from 1,000 to 10,000.
- the molecular weight is less than 100, when the silicon oxide film or silicon nitride film is polished, a sufficient polishing rate is not obtained, and when the molecular weight exceeds 50,000, the viscosity becomes high, and the polishing agent is increased. This is because storage stability tends to decrease.
- the pH of the abrasive is preferably 3 or more and 9 or less, more preferably 5 or more and 8 or less. If the pH is lower than 3, the acting force becomes smaller and the polishing rate tends to decrease. If the pH is greater than 9, the chemical action is too strong and the polished surface may dissolve in a dish shape (dicing).
- the pH was measured with a pH meter (for example, Model PH 81 manufactured by Yokogawa Electric Corporation). After two-point calibration using a standard buffer (phthalate pH buffer pH: 4.21 (25 ° C), neutral phosphate pH buffer pH 6.86 (25 ° C)), the electrode is The value can be measured after it has been stabilized for more than 2 minutes after being put in the polishing liquid.
- the abrasive of the present invention can also be prepared as a one-part abrasive composed of, for example, cerium oxide particles, a dispersant, a polymer additive and water. And a cerium oxide slurry composed of water and an additive liquid composed of a polymer additive and water can be prepared as a two-part abrasive. In any case, stable characteristics can be obtained.
- the blending of these two parts can be changed arbitrarily to adjust the flatness characteristics and the polishing rate.
- the additive liquid and the cerium slurry are sent through separate pipes at an arbitrary flow rate.
- a method of mixing these pipes that is, mixing them immediately before the outlet of the supply pipe, and supplying them to the polishing platen (mixing immediately before)
- a method of supplying after mixing is adopted.
- the abrasive of the present invention is prepared by pressing a substrate against a polishing cloth while supplying a polishing liquid between the film to be polished formed on the substrate and the polishing cloth.
- a substrate for example, a substrate relating to a process of forming a semiconductor device, specifically, a semiconductor substrate at a stage where circuit elements and wiring patterns are formed, and a semiconductor substrate such as a semiconductor substrate at a stage where circuit elements are formed And a substrate on which an inorganic insulating layer is formed.
- the film to be polished includes the inorganic insulating layer, for example, a silicon oxide film layer, a silicon nitride film layer, and a silicon oxide film layer.
- the particle size of the obtained abrasive for semiconductor flattening was measured using a laser diffraction type particle size distribution meter (Malvern Instrument Co., Ltd., Mastersizer 1 Micro 'Plus), refractive index: 1. 9285, light source: He-Ne laser, measurement of undiluted polishing slurry for semiconductors under the condition of zero absorption
- D50 median secondary particle diameter
- D99 was 0. In this measurement, particles with a particle size of 3 ⁇ m or more were not detected.
- polishing slurry for semiconductor flattening was diluted 15-fold.
- Pore size 3m filter (Whatman Cyclopore Track Etch Membrane Filter
- polishing slurry for semiconductor flattening was diluted 5 times with deionized water, and polished by the following method. Polishing rate was 650nmZmin.
- Polishing pad Mouth Dale foam polyurethane resin (IC-1000)
- Polishing target P-TEOS deposited Si wafer (200mm)
- the cerium oxide particles lOOOOg prepared in Example 1, 80 g of an aqueous solution of poly (ammonium polyacrylate) (40% by weight), and 3,920 g of deionized water were mixed, and ultrasonically dispersed for 10 minutes while stirring. The resulting dispersion was allowed to settle at room temperature for 100 hours, and the supernatant was collected. The supernatant was filtered through a 0.7 ⁇ m pore size mass production filter and then through a 0.7 ⁇ m mass production filter. The deionized water was added to adjust the solids concentration to 5%. Thus, a polishing agent for semiconductor planarization was produced.
- the median secondary particle size (D50) was 160 nm, and D99 was 0.5 ⁇ m. Yes, particles with a particle size of 3 ⁇ m or more were not detected.
- the obtained polishing slurry for semiconductor planarization was the same as in Example 1.
- the amount of coarse particles of 3 m or more was determined from the weight increase before and after filtration. as a result,
- the amount of coarse particles of 3 ⁇ m or more was 50 ppm in the solid.
- polishing slurry for semiconductor flattening was diluted 5-fold with deionized water, and polished by the same polishing test method as in Example 1.
- the polishing rate was 350 nmZmin.
- the surface of the wafer was observed with an optical microscope, and ten scratches were observed on the entire surface of the 200 mm wafer.
- Cerium oxide particles lOOOOg produced in the same manner as in Example 1, 80 g of an aqueous solution of ammonium salt of polyacrylic acid (40% by weight), and 3920 g of deionized water were mixed, and subjected to ultrasonic dispersion for 10 minutes while stirring. The resulting dispersion was allowed to settle at room temperature for 4 hours, and the supernatant was collected. The supernatant was filtered through a mass-production filter having a pore size of 10 m, and deionized water was added to adjust the solid content concentration to 5% to prepare an abrasive for semiconductor planarization.
- the median secondary particle size (D50) was 240 nm, and D99 was 2.5 ⁇ m. No particles with a particle size of 3 ⁇ m or more were detected.
- the amount of coarse particles of 3 m or more was determined from the weight increase before and after filtration of the obtained polishing slurry for semiconductors in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the amount of coarse particles of 3 ⁇ m or more was 1200 ppm in the solid.
- polishing slurry for semiconductor flattening was diluted 5-fold with deionized water, and polished by the same polishing test method as in Example 1.
- the polishing rate was 700 nmZmin.
- the surface of the wafer was observed with an optical microscope. As a result, 100 scratches were observed on the entire surface of the 200 mm wafer.
- Cerium oxide particles lOOOOg produced in the same manner as in Example 1, 80 g of an aqueous solution of ammonium salt of polyacrylic acid (40% by weight), and 3920 g of deionized water were mixed, and subjected to ultrasonic dispersion for 10 minutes while stirring. The resulting dispersion was allowed to settle at room temperature for 4 hours, and the supernatant was collected. Deionized water was added to the supernatant to adjust the solids concentration to 5%, thereby preparing a semiconductor flattening abrasive.
- the median secondary particle size (D50) was 240 nm, and D99 was 2.5 ⁇ m.
- the amount of coarse particles of 3 m or more was determined from the weight increase before and after filtration of the obtained polishing slurry for semiconductors in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the amount of coarse particles of 3 ⁇ m or more was 2500 ppm in the solid.
- polishing slurry for semiconductor planarization was diluted 5-fold with deionized water, and polished by the same polishing test method as in Example 1.
- the polishing rate was 700 nmZmin.
- the surface of the wafer was observed with an optical microscope. As a result, 100 scratches were observed on the entire surface of the 200 mm wafer.
- the laser diffraction particle size distribution analyzer cannot detect trace components of 1200 ppm (0.12%) or less in Comparative Example 1, while the gravimetric method uses 50 ppm in Example 2 Even minor components can be detected. Based on these results, it is considered that the weight measurement method has higher measurement sensitivity for coarse particles than the laser diffraction type particle size distribution meter.
- a semiconductor surface in a wiring forming step can be polished at a high speed, and good flatness can be obtained and scratches can be reduced.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Treatment Of Semiconductor (AREA)
- Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
- Optical Recording Or Reproduction (AREA)
Abstract
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Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/568,147 US20060283092A1 (en) | 2003-08-14 | 2004-08-11 | Abrasive compounds for semiconductor planarization |
| JP2005513167A JP4555944B2 (ja) | 2003-08-14 | 2004-08-11 | 半導体平坦化用研磨剤およびその製造方法 |
| US12/761,542 US8439995B2 (en) | 2003-08-14 | 2010-04-16 | Abrasive compounds for semiconductor planarization |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003-293438 | 2003-08-14 | ||
| JP2003293438 | 2003-08-14 |
Related Child Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10568147 A-371-Of-International | 2004-08-11 | ||
| US12/761,542 Division US8439995B2 (en) | 2003-08-14 | 2010-04-16 | Abrasive compounds for semiconductor planarization |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2005017989A1 true WO2005017989A1 (ja) | 2005-02-24 |
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ID=34190996
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2004/011549 Ceased WO2005017989A1 (ja) | 2003-08-14 | 2004-08-11 | 半導体平坦化用研磨剤 |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (3) | US20080219130A1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP4555944B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR100774676B1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN100409412C (ja) |
| TW (1) | TWI241647B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2005017989A1 (ja) |
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| JP2007127544A (ja) * | 2005-11-04 | 2007-05-24 | Nomura Micro Sci Co Ltd | 半導体用研磨スラリー中の異物検査方法 |
| JP2008145102A (ja) * | 2006-12-05 | 2008-06-26 | Nomura Micro Sci Co Ltd | 半導体用研磨スラリー中の異物検査方法及び異物検査装置 |
| JP2008536321A (ja) * | 2005-04-14 | 2008-09-04 | エボニック デグサ ゲーエムベーハー | 水性酸化セリウム分散液 |
| JP4983603B2 (ja) * | 2005-10-19 | 2012-07-25 | 日立化成工業株式会社 | 酸化セリウムスラリー、酸化セリウム研磨液及びこれらを用いた基板の研磨方法 |
| US8328893B2 (en) | 2006-04-21 | 2012-12-11 | Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd. | Method of producing oxide particles, slurry, polishing slurry, and method of polishing substrate |
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- 2004-08-11 KR KR1020067002813A patent/KR100774676B1/ko not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-08-11 US US10/568,147 patent/US20060283092A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-08-11 JP JP2005513167A patent/JP4555944B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008536321A (ja) * | 2005-04-14 | 2008-09-04 | エボニック デグサ ゲーエムベーハー | 水性酸化セリウム分散液 |
| JP4983603B2 (ja) * | 2005-10-19 | 2012-07-25 | 日立化成工業株式会社 | 酸化セリウムスラリー、酸化セリウム研磨液及びこれらを用いた基板の研磨方法 |
| JP2007127544A (ja) * | 2005-11-04 | 2007-05-24 | Nomura Micro Sci Co Ltd | 半導体用研磨スラリー中の異物検査方法 |
| US8328893B2 (en) | 2006-04-21 | 2012-12-11 | Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd. | Method of producing oxide particles, slurry, polishing slurry, and method of polishing substrate |
| JP2008145102A (ja) * | 2006-12-05 | 2008-06-26 | Nomura Micro Sci Co Ltd | 半導体用研磨スラリー中の異物検査方法及び異物検査装置 |
| JP2017191011A (ja) * | 2016-04-13 | 2017-10-19 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 粉体の評価方法 |
| JP2020513046A (ja) * | 2017-02-23 | 2020-04-30 | 株式会社ニコン | スラリー生成システムにより研磨スラリーを製造する方法 |
| US11401450B2 (en) | 2017-02-23 | 2022-08-02 | Nikon Corporation | Fluid synthesis system |
| JP7163928B2 (ja) | 2017-02-23 | 2022-11-01 | 株式会社ニコン | 研磨スラリーを製造する方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TW200512822A (en) | 2005-04-01 |
| US8439995B2 (en) | 2013-05-14 |
| TWI241647B (en) | 2005-10-11 |
| KR100774676B1 (ko) | 2007-11-08 |
| CN100409412C (zh) | 2008-08-06 |
| CN1836315A (zh) | 2006-09-20 |
| US20060283092A1 (en) | 2006-12-21 |
| JPWO2005017989A1 (ja) | 2007-10-04 |
| KR20060034726A (ko) | 2006-04-24 |
| US20100192472A1 (en) | 2010-08-05 |
| US20080219130A1 (en) | 2008-09-11 |
| JP4555944B2 (ja) | 2010-10-06 |
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