WO2004088403A1 - 空間光変調装置、この空間光変調装置を有するプロジェクタ、この空間光変調装置に用いる微細構造素子の製造方法、この方法により製造された微細構造素子 - Google Patents
空間光変調装置、この空間光変調装置を有するプロジェクタ、この空間光変調装置に用いる微細構造素子の製造方法、この方法により製造された微細構造素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004088403A1 WO2004088403A1 PCT/JP2004/002770 JP2004002770W WO2004088403A1 WO 2004088403 A1 WO2004088403 A1 WO 2004088403A1 JP 2004002770 W JP2004002770 W JP 2004002770W WO 2004088403 A1 WO2004088403 A1 WO 2004088403A1
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- light
- shape
- prism
- spatial light
- image
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/04—Prisms
- G02B5/045—Prism arrays
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
- G02B7/28—Systems for automatic generation of focusing signals
- G02B7/36—Systems for automatic generation of focusing signals using image sharpness techniques, e.g. image processing techniques for generating autofocus signals
- G02B7/38—Systems for automatic generation of focusing signals using image sharpness techniques, e.g. image processing techniques for generating autofocus signals measured at different points on the optical axis, e.g. focussing on two or more planes and comparing image data
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133504—Diffusing, scattering, diffracting elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
- H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
- H04N9/31—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
- H04N9/3102—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM] using two-dimensional electronic spatial light modulators
- H04N9/3105—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM] using two-dimensional electronic spatial light modulators for displaying all colours simultaneously, e.g. by using two or more electronic spatial light modulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
- H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
- H04N9/31—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
- H04N9/3141—Constructional details thereof
- H04N9/317—Convergence or focusing systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
- H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
- H04N9/31—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
- H04N9/3179—Video signal processing therefor
- H04N9/3185—Geometric adjustment, e.g. keystone or convergence
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133509—Filters, e.g. light shielding masks
- G02F1/133512—Light shielding layers, e.g. black matrix
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a spatial light modulator, a projector having the spatial light modulator, a method of manufacturing a microstructure element used in the spatial light modulator, and a microstructure element manufactured by the method.
- the present invention relates to a spatial light modulator, a method for manufacturing a microstructure element used for the spatial light modulator, a microstructure element manufactured by the method, and a projector having the spatial light modulator, particularly, a liquid crystal spatial light.
- the present invention relates to a modulation device. '' Background technology
- a dot matrix image display device such as a liquid crystal panel (liquid crystal display device), a CRT display device, and a plasma display device is often used.
- the dot matrix image display device expresses an image by a large number of pixels arranged two-dimensionally and periodically. At this time, so-called sampling noise is generated due to the periodic array structure, and a phenomenon is observed in which the image quality is deteriorated (the image looks grainy).
- sampling noise is generated due to the periodic array structure, and a phenomenon is observed in which the image quality is deteriorated (the image looks grainy).
- a method for reducing the phenomenon of image quality deterioration has been proposed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 8-122709.
- a dot matrix image display device In a dot matrix image display device, a light-shielding portion called a black matrix is provided in a region between pixels in order to reduce unnecessary light. In recent years, as a usage mode of an image display device, a large screen is often observed from a relatively short distance. For this reason, the observer may recognize the black matrix image. As described above, the conventional dot matrix image display device has a problem that the image quality is deteriorated due to the black matrix image, such as an image having little smoothness or an image having roughness. . In Patent Document 1 described above, it is difficult to reduce the deterioration of the image quality due to the image of the black matrix.
- the light from the image display device is made incident on the prism group so that the observer does not recognize the light shielding portion such as the black matrix.
- the flat portion of the prism group allows light from the image display device to pass through as it is.
- the refraction surface of the prism group refracts light from the image display device and transmits the light.
- Such light transmitted through the group of prisms is not only light that goes straight after exiting the flat portion, but also light whose optical path is deflected by the refraction surface of the prism.
- a pixel image is formed on a black matrix by the light whose optical path is deflected. This can reduce recognition of the black matrix.
- each prism element that constitutes the above-described prism group is a minute shape on the order of a micron.
- a fine prism element is manufactured by cutting a predetermined area.
- the first reason is that the positioning accuracy of the repetitive positioning of the processing machine that performs the U-shape processing is insufficient. If the repeatability is insufficient, it is difficult to form a fine shape at a desired position.
- the second reason is that the servo mechanism that controls the positioning of the processing machine is susceptible to disturbances such as temperature, pressure, and vibration.
- the third reason is that while it is difficult to match the positional relationship between the machining tool bit of the processing machine and the workpiece to be processed with sub-micron precision, the relative position within the processing machine alone can be controlled at the nano level and high-precision processing is possible. Is possible.
- FIG. 39 shows a cross-sectional configuration diagram in which a fine V-shaped groove is formed in a parallel plate by a conventional technique. Processing starts at position A of the parallel plate 1300 and ends at position B. At this time, as described above, when the servo mechanism of the processing machine is affected by disturbances such as temperature, pressure, and vibration, the processing side surface does not become a straight line as indicated by a dotted line 1301, for example, It becomes a concave surface. Thus, when the servo mechanism is affected by the external environment (disturbance), it is difficult to form a desired shape with sufficient accuracy, which is a problem. These problems are due to the production of irregularly shaped micro-shaped elements rather than a single shape. It becomes more remarkable when manufacturing. Further, when manufacturing a micro-shaped element, it is difficult and problematic to perform a plurality of processings on the same part of a workpiece.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and has been made in consideration of a spatial light modulation method capable of obtaining a smooth image quality without an observer recognizing an image of a light shielding unit such as a black matrix. It is an object to provide an apparatus and a projector.
- the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a microstructure element capable of accurately manufacturing a desired microstructure element regardless of an external environment, a microstructure element manufactured by the method, a spatial light modulator, and It is an object to provide a projector.
- a spatial light having a modulator that modulates incident light in accordance with an image signal and emits the light, and a refraction unit provided on an emission side of the modulator and refracting light from the modulator.
- the modulation unit includes a plurality of pixel units arranged in a matrix, and a light blocking unit provided between the plurality of pixel units.
- a prism group including a prism element having a refraction surface; and light from one of the plurality of pixel units is incident on at least a part of the plurality of prism groups.
- the refracting surface includes: a direction of the refracting surface that guides a projection image of the pixel unit onto a projection image of the light shielding unit on a projection surface separated by a predetermined distance from the refraction unit; And a reference plane formed approximately perpendicular to the optical axis. And a spatial light modulator characterized by having the following angle:
- a spatial light modulator characterized by having the following angle:
- the projection image of the pixel section formed by the refracted light is guided on the projection image of the light shielding section on the projection plane separated by a predetermined distance from the refraction section.
- the pixel A projected image of the part is formed on the projection plane separated by a predetermined distance from the refraction part. Therefore, it is possible to observe a smooth, reduced-roughness image on the projection surface without the observer recognizing the light-shielding portion.
- a ratio of an area of the refraction surface to the unit area is as follows: Preferably corresponds to the light intensity of the projected image.
- the light from one pixel unit enters a prism group composed of a plurality of prism elements, for example, as divergent light having a conical shape.
- the divergent light having a conical shape light incident on one prism element is considered.
- the area of one prism element is defined as a reference unit area.
- the pixel portion has a substantially rectangular shape
- the light shielding portion has a shape in which strips having a predetermined width are arranged in a lattice, and the prism group of the refraction portion is provided. Is preferably composed of a polygonal pyramidal prism element.
- a light-shielding portion such as a black matrix portion is provided in a region between adjacent pixel portions.
- the direction of the refraction surface can be set to various directions. Therefore, a projection image of the pixel portion can be formed in various directions.
- the angle and area of the refraction surface can be set arbitrarily. As a result, the position and light amount of the projected image of the pixel portion can be controlled.
- the “polygonal pyramid shape” includes a shape having a flat surface near the apex of the pyramid, in addition to a pyramid having a polygonal bottom surface.
- the prism group of the refraction section is formed of a prism element having a substantially quadrangular pyramid shape.
- a projected image of the pixel portion can be formed in a direction orthogonal to the bottom side of the prism element. For this reason, when the pixel portion has a rectangular shape, the projection image of the pixel portion can be formed so as to overlap the projection image of the light shielding portion more efficiently.
- the pixel portion has a substantially rectangular shape
- the light shielding portion has a shape in which strips having a predetermined width are arranged in a lattice
- the prism group of the refraction portion includes a first group.
- the cross-sectional shape in the direction is a substantially trapezoidal shape, and is composed of two sets of prism elements having a longitudinal direction in a second direction substantially orthogonal to the first direction.
- the two sets of prism elements have substantially the same longitudinal direction.
- the trapezoidal slopes are provided so as to be orthogonal to each other, and preferably correspond to the refraction surfaces.
- the cross-sectional shape of the prism element in the first direction is substantially trapezoidal.
- the trapezoidal slope acts as a refractive surface. For this reason, a projection image of the pixel portion by the light refracted by the inclined surface can be formed in a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the prism element.
- the two prism elements are configured so that the longer directions are substantially orthogonal to each other.
- the projected image of the pixel portion can be formed more efficiently so as to be superimposed on the projected image of the light shielding portion around the pixel portion.
- the refraction portion further includes a flat portion substantially parallel to a surface on which the pixel portion is formed, and transmits or transmits the flat portion of light from the pixel portion. It is desirable that the reflected light travels substantially straight to form the projection image.
- the light incident on the refracting surface of the prism element is refracted according to the direction, angle, and area of the refracting surface.
- a part of the refraction surface is a flat portion substantially parallel to the surface on which the pixel portion is formed, light incident on the flat portion goes straight through without being refracted.
- a projection image of a pixel portion formed by light transmitted and transmitted straight through a flat portion is referred to as a “direct transmission image”, and a projected image of a pixel portion formed by light transmitted through a prism and bent. Is referred to as a “refraction transmission image J.
- a direct transmission image of the pixel portion a projection image of the pixel portion whose optical path is refracted can be formed in addition to the original projection image of the pixel portion.
- the size of the prism element is one or more within the swallowing angle defined by the illumination light or the F-number of the projection lens in front of the light traveling direction from the point where the light shielding part arranged on the spatial modulation element is located.
- an intersection of a center line of the light-shielding portion images arranged in the lattice shape and one corner of the projected image of the pixel portion are substantially formed. It is desirable to have the orientation of the refractive surface and the angle of the refractive surface to match. Thereby, the projection image of the pixel portion can be formed in a superimposed manner in all regions of the projection image of the light shielding portion. For this reason, an image with smooth image quality can be obtained.
- the prism element has a shape such that at least a part of the projection images of the pixel portions that come into contact with each other overlaps on the projection image of the light-shielding portion. It is desirable to have the orientation, and the angle of the refractive surface. Accordingly, in a region where the projected images of the adjacent pixel portions overlap each other, for example, the first pixel portion and the second pixel portion adjacent to the first pixel portion are formed, the first pixel portion and the second pixel portion overlap each other. Based on the image information with the second pixel portion, a new projection image of the third pixel portion can be formed. As a result, the density of the number of pixels to be projected can be improved.
- the prism element is configured such that, on a projected image of the light-shielding portion, a substantially entire region of the projected images of the adjacent pixel portions overlaps with each other. And the angle of the refracting surface. Accordingly, the projected images of the adjacent pixel portions, for example, the first pixel portion and the second pixel portion adjacent to the first pixel portion substantially coincide with each other, and are formed so as to overlap. As a result, a new projection image of the third pixel portion can be formed more efficiently based on the image information of the first pixel portion and the second pixel portion. As a result, the density of the number of pixels to be projected can be improved.
- the sum of the light intensity of the direct transmission image corresponds to the area of the flat part I do.
- the sum of the light intensities of the refraction transmission images corresponds to the area of the refraction surface.
- the refraction transmission image is formed around the direct transmission image.
- the present embodiment is configured to satisfy PW O ⁇ PWl.
- the observer can observe a seamless, smooth, and less grainy image without recognizing the light-shielding portion around the direct transmission image which is the original projected image of the pixel portion. Further, in the present embodiment, it is preferable that PW 0> PW 1 be satisfied. More preferably, it is desirable to satisfy PW 0> 0.9 X PW1. Thereby, the feeling of roughness can be further reduced seamlessly.
- the first peak value of the intensity distribution of the projected image of the pixel portion formed by the light from the flat portion is formed by the light passing through the refraction surface.
- the intensity distribution of the intensity distribution of the projected image of the pixel portion is larger than the second peak value, and the area between the first peak value and the second peak value has a light intensity according to a predetermined intensity distribution curve. Is desirable.
- the observer recognizes an appropriate light intensity distribution in a region between the direct transmission image and the adjacent direct transmission image. For this reason, the observer can observe a high-resolution image that is smooth, has a reduced roughness, and has an apparent high resolution without recognizing the light-shielding portion.
- a light source unit that supplies light including first color light, second color light, and third color light, and spatial light modulation for first color light that modulates the first color light according to an image signal
- a device a spatial light modulator for second color light that modulates the second color light according to an image signal
- a spatial light modulator for third color light that modulates the third color light according to an image signal
- a color synthesizing optical system for synthesizing and a projection lens that projects the light synthesized by the color synthesizing optical system, a spatial light modulator for first color light, second color light sky 1 between light modulation
- the device and the spatial light modulator for third color light are the spatial light modulators described above, and a projector can be provided.
- a solid-state light emitting element such as a light emitting diode or a semiconductor laser that supplies the first color light, the second color light, and the third color light, respectively, may be used as the light source unit. it can.
- the projection image of the pixel unit is formed so as to be superimposed on the area of the projection image of the light shielding unit. Therefore, a smooth image with reduced roughness can be observed on the screen without the observer recognizing the image of the light shielding portion. .
- the spatial light modulator for first color light, the spatial light modulator for second color light, and the spatial light modulator for third color light each include the refraction unit. It is desirable to have. 'The angle at which light is refracted at the refraction surface depends on the wavelength of the light. For example, when a plurality of lights in different wavelength regions are incident on the same refraction surface, the angle of refraction differs for each wavelength region.
- the spatial light modulator for first color light, the spatial light modulator for second color light, and the spatial light modulator for third color light each have the refraction section. This makes it possible to set the angle of the refraction surface suitable for the wavelength of each color light. As a result, a projected image of the pixel portion can be accurately formed at a predetermined position.
- the refraction unit is provided on an entrance side or an exit side of the color combining optical system.
- one refraction unit may be provided on the entrance side or exit side of a color combining optical system such as a cross dichroic prism. This simplifies the configuration and reduces manufacturing costs because only one bending section is required. Two examples of the arrangement position of the prism element have been described above, but it has been confirmed that similar effects can be obtained by arranging it between the black matrix forming layer position and the imaging screen or the visual imaging point of the direct viewer. are doing.
- the image processing apparatus may further include a color separation optical system that separates light supplied from the light source unit into the first color light, the second color light, and the third color light.
- the light source unit is the first color
- light, second color light, third color light, and light in all wavelength ranges are supplied.
- the light from the light source unit is separated into the first color light, the second color light, and the third color light by the color separation optical system, and each color light can be modulated according to the image signal.
- a dividing step of dividing the processing region into five or more sub-regions a first shape forming step of forming a first shape in any one of the sub-regions, As a reference, a second shape forming step of forming a second shape in a sub-region located at a farther position than a sub-region adjacent to one sub-region, and a sub-region in which the second shape is formed as a new reference.
- a repetition step of repeatedly performing the second shape forming step, and a method for manufacturing a microstructure element characterized by comprising:
- the processing position is continuously moved from the processing start position in the processing area, and processing such as cutting is sequentially performed.
- the influence of disturbance is directly reflected on the processing result.
- the processing region is divided into five or more sub-processing regions.
- a first shape is formed in any one sub-region.
- the second shape is formed in a sub-region at least one sub-region apart from the sub-region where the first shape is formed.
- the second shape is formed in a further sub-region at least one sub-region apart from the sub-region where the second shape is formed.
- the first shape and the second shape have substantially the same shape. As a result, a desired single shape can be formed with sufficient accuracy.
- the first shape and the second shape are different shapes.
- a trial processing step of forming a first shape based on the processing data, and a trial processing step formed by the trial processing step (1) a shape measuring step for measuring the shape, a feedback step for feeding back the difference between the measurement data and the processing data obtained in the shape measuring step to the processing data and correcting the processing data, and a corrected processing It is desirable to perform the first shape forming step and the repeating step based on the data.
- the micro-shaped element is formed based on the processing data.
- the first processed shape is actually measured in the trial processing region in advance. It is desirable to use an atomic force microscope or a laser microscope for measuring the fine shape. Then, the measured data of the measured micro-shaped element is compared with the original processed data, and the difference between the two data is calculated. The calculated difference is fed back to the machining data. Next, the first shape forming step and the repeating step are performed based on the processed data corrected by the difference amount. Thereby, shape processing in which the influence of disturbance or the like is reduced can be performed.
- the trial processing step, the first shape forming step, and the repetition step include a step of performing shape processing at the same position two or more times.
- a desired fine shape can be obtained even when the fine shape is added by changing the angle of the cutting tool at the same position.
- the shape measuring step it is desirable to measure at least one of a pitch, an angle, a depth, and a flat surface roughness of the first shape. Thereby, the pitch, angle, depth, and flat surface roughness of the microstructure element can be accurately formed.
- a microstructure element manufactured by the above-described method for manufacturing a microstructure element can be provided.
- a microstructure element having a single shape or an irregular shape, for example, a prism group including a plurality of microprism elements can be manufactured.
- a spatial light comprising the above-described microstructure element.
- a modulation device can be provided.
- a transmissive liquid crystal spatial light modulator having a prism group including microlens elements can be obtained.
- a light source that supplies illumination light
- the above-described spatial light modulator that modulates the illumination light according to an image signal
- a projection lens that projects the modulated light.
- a featured projector can be provided. According to the present invention, since the spatial light modulator is provided, a high-quality projected image can be obtained.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a projector according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of a liquid crystal panel of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a black matrix portion of Example 1.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an image of a black matrix portion in Example 1.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the liquid crystal panel of Example 1.
- FIG. 6A is a diagram of the opening of Example 1.
- FIG. 6B is an arrangement diagram of the prism group of Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 6C is a diagram showing a ⁇ shape of the prism of Example 1.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining refraction in the prism element of Example 1
- FIG. 8A is a diagram for explaining a projection image of Example 1;
- FIG. 8B is another diagram for explaining the projection image of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 8C is still another diagram for explaining the projection image of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 8D is a diagram for explaining the projection image of the first embodiment
- FIG. 9 is another diagram for explaining the projection image of the first embodiment
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an emission line spectrum of the ultra-high pressure mercury lamp of Example 1 ′
- FIG. 11 is a schematic configuration diagram of a projector according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic configuration diagram of a prism group according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional configuration diagram of a prism group according to Embodiment 2.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a projection image of the third embodiment
- FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of a projection image of the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 16A is a cross-sectional view of a variation of the prism group.
- FIG. 16B is another sectional configuration diagram of a variation of the prism group.
- FIG. 16C is still another sectional configuration diagram of the variation of the prism group.
- FIG. 16D is a prism group variation.
- FIG. 17A is a layout view of the openings in Example 5.
- FIG. 17B is a layout view of a prism group according to the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 17C is a diagram showing the shape of the prism of Example 5.
- FIG. 18 is a schematic view of a projection image of the fifth embodiment
- FIG. 19A is a layout view of the openings in Example 6.
- FIG. 19B is a layout diagram of a prism group according to the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 19C is a diagram showing the shape of the prism of Example 6 ′.
- FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of a projection image of the sixth embodiment
- FIG. 21 is a schematic view of a prism group according to the seventh embodiment.
- FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram of a projection image of the seventh embodiment
- FIG. 23 is a schematic view of a modification of the prism group.
- FIG. 24 is a schematic configuration diagram of a liquid crystal panel of Embodiment 8.
- FIG. 25 is a schematic configuration diagram of a prism group according to the eighth embodiment.
- FIG. 26 is a diagram for explaining the splitting of light rays due to refraction.
- FIG. 27 is a schematic view of a refracted projected image
- FIG. 28A is a diagram showing the light intensity distribution of the projected image
- FIG. 28B is a diagram showing another light intensity distribution of the projected image.
- FIG. 28C is a diagram showing still another light intensity distribution of the projected image.
- FIG. 28D is a diagram showing the light intensity distribution of the projected image.
- FIG. 29 is a schematic diagram of a prism group according to Example 9.
- FIG. 30 is a schematic diagram of a prism group of Example 10.
- FIG. 31A is an explanatory diagram of a method for manufacturing a prism group
- FIG. 31B is another explanatory view of the method of manufacturing the prism group.
- FIG. 32 is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing a prism group according to Example 11;
- FIG. 33A and FIG. 33B are explanatory diagrams of a method for manufacturing a prism group;
- FIG. 34A, FIG. 34B, and FIG. 34C are explanatory diagrams of a method of manufacturing the V-shaped groove of Example 12;
- FIG. 35 is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing the prism group of Example 13;
- FIG. 36A and FIG. 36B are explanatory diagrams of the method for manufacturing the prism group of Example 14;
- FIG. 37A and FIG. 37B are explanatory diagrams of a method of manufacturing the prism group of Example 14;
- FIG. 38 is a perspective configuration diagram of the spatial light modulator of Example 15;
- FIG. 39 is a configuration diagram of a prism group according to the prior art. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- an ultra-high pressure mercury lamp 101 as a light source unit includes a red light (hereinafter, referred to as “R light”) as a first color light, a green light (hereinafter, as “R light”) as a second color light. G light) and blue light (hereinafter, referred to as “B light”) as the third color light.
- the integrator 104 equalizes the illuminance distribution of the light from the ultra-high pressure mercury lamp 101.
- the light having a uniform illuminance distribution is converted by the polarization conversion element 105 into polarized light having a specific vibration direction, for example, s-polarized light. converted to s-polarized light
- the light is incident on the R light transmitting dichroic mirror 106R constituting the color separation optical system.
- the R light transmitting dichroic mirror 106 R transmits the R light and reflects the G light and the B light.
- the R light transmitted through the R light transmitting dichroic mirror 106R enters the reflection mirror 107.
- the reflection mirror 107 bends the optical path of the R light by 90 degrees.
- the R light whose optical path has been bent enters the spatial light modulator for first color light 11 OR that modulates the R light, which is the first color light, according to an image signal.
- the first color light spatial light modulator 110R is a transmission type liquid crystal display device that modulates the R light according to an image signal. Since the polarization direction of the light does not change even when the light passes through the dichroic mirror, the R light entering the first color light spatial light modulator 11 OR remains s-polarized light.
- the first color light spatial light modulator 11OR has an L / 2 phase difference plate 123R, a glass plate 124R, a first polarizing plate 121R, a liquid crystal panel 120R, and a second polarizing plate 122R.
- the detailed configuration of the liquid crystal panel 12OR will be described later.
- the ⁇ / 2 retardation plate 123R and the first polarizing plate 121R are arranged in contact with a translucent glass plate 124R that does not change the polarization direction. Thereby, the problem that the first polarizing plate 121R and the 1/2 phase difference plate 123R are distorted due to heat generation can be avoided.
- the second polarizing plate 122R is provided independently in FIG. 1, the second polarizing plate 122R may be disposed in contact with the exit surface of the liquid crystal panel 120R or the entrance surface of the cross dichroic prism 112. .
- the ⁇ -polarized light incident on the liquid crystal panel 12OR converts the R light into s-polarized light by modulation according to the image signal.
- the R light converted into the s-polarized light by the modulation of the liquid crystal panel 120R is emitted from the second polarizing plate 122R.
- the R light modulated by the first color light spatial light modulator 11 OR enters the cross dichroic prism 112 which is a color combining optical system.
- the G light will be described.
- the G light and B light reflected by the R light transmitting dichroic mirror 106 R have their optical paths bent 90 degrees.
- the G light and the B light whose optical paths are bent enter the B light transmitting dichroic mirror 106G.
- the B light transmitting dichroic mirror 106 G reflects the G light and transmits the B light.
- the G light reflected by the B light transmitting dichroic mirror 106 G enters a second color light spatial light modulator 11 OG that modulates the G light, which is the second color light, according to an image signal.
- the second color light spatial light modulator 11OG is a transmissive liquid crystal display device that modulates G light in accordance with an image signal.
- the spatial light modulator for second color light 11 OG has a liquid crystal panel 120 G, a first polarizing plate 121 G, and a second polarizing plate 122 G. The details of the liquid crystal panel 120 G will be described later.
- the G light incident on the spatial light modulator for second color light 11 O G has been converted into s-polarized light.
- the s-polarized light that has entered the spatial light modulator for second color light 11OG passes through the first polarizers 1 and 21G as it is and enters the liquid crystal panel 120G.
- the G light is converted into p-polarized light by modulation according to the image signal.
- the G light converted into the p-polarized light by the modulation of the liquid crystal panel 120 G is emitted from the second polarizing plate 122 G. In this way, the G light modulated by the second color light spatial light modulator 110 G enters the cross dichroic prism 112 as a color combining optical system.
- the B light transmitted through the B light transmitting dichroic mirror 106 G passes through two relay lenses 108 and two reflecting mirrors 10.7, and the B light, which is the third color light, is converted into an image signal.
- the third color light spatial light modulator 11 OB that modulates according to the following.
- the third color light spatial light modulator 11 OB is a transmissive liquid crystal display device that modulates the B light according to an image signal.
- the reason why the B light passes through the relay lens 108 is that the optical path of the B light is longer than the optical paths of the R light and the G light.
- the B light transmitted through the B light transmitting dichroic mirror 106G can be directly guided to the third color light spatial light modulator 110B.
- Third color light spatial light modulator The device 11 OB includes a ⁇ / 2 retardation plate 123 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , a glass plate 124 ⁇ , a first polarizing plate 121 ⁇ , a liquid crystal panel 120 ⁇ , and a second polarizing plate 122 ⁇ .
- the configuration of the spatial light modulator for third color light 110 # is the same as the configuration of the spatial light modulator for first color light 110 as described above, and a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- the blue light incident on the spatial light modulator for third color light 110 # has been converted into s-polarized light.
- the s-polarized light incident on the spatial light modulator for third color light 110 ° is converted into ⁇ -polarized light by the L / 2 phase difference plate 123 °.
- the ⁇ -light converted into the ⁇ -polarized light passes through the glass plate 124 ⁇ and the first polarizing plate 121 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ as it is, and enters the liquid crystal panel 120 ⁇ .
- the ⁇ -polarized light incident on the liquid crystal panel 120 is converted into s-polarized light by modulation according to the image signal.
- the light converted to the s-polarized light by the modulation of the liquid crystal panel 120 is emitted from the second polarizing plate 122.
- the light modulated by the spatial light modulator for third color light 110 enters the cross dichroic prism 112 which is a color combining optical system.
- the R light transmitting dichroic aperture mirror 106R and the ⁇ light transmitting dichroic mirror 106G constituting the color separation optical system are configured to convert the light supplied from the ultra-high pressure mercury lamp 101 into the first color light And G light, which is the second color light, and ⁇ light, which is the third color light.
- the cross dichroic prism 112 which is a color synthesizing optical system, is configured by arranging two dike opening films 112a 'and 112b orthogonally in an X-shape.
- the dichroic film 112a reflects B light and transmits R light and .G light.
- the dichroic film 112b reflects R light, and transmits B light and G light. In this way, the cross dik.
- Rhythm i12 is the R light, G light, and B light modulated by the first color light spatial light modulators 1 and 10R, the second color light spatial light modulator 110G, and the third color light spatial light modulator 110B, respectively. Synthesize light.
- the projection lens 114 projects the light synthesized by the cross dichroic prism 112 onto a screen 116. Thus, a full-color image can be obtained on the screen 116.
- the light incident on the cross dichroic prism 112 from the spatial light modulator for first color light 11 OR and the spatial light modulator for third color light 11 OB is It is set to be s-polarized light.
- the light incident on the cross dichroic prism 112 from the second color light spatial light modulator 111G is set to be p-polarized light.
- the R light and B light reflected by the dichroic films 112a and 112b are defined as s-polarized light
- the G light transmitted through the dichroic films 112a and 112b is defined as p light. It is polarized light.
- the projector 100 described with reference to Fig. 1 has three liquid crystal panels 120R, 120G, and 120B. These three liquid crystal panels 120 R, 120 G, and 12 OB differ only in the wavelength range of light to be modulated, and have the same basic configuration. Therefore, the following description will be made using the liquid crystal panel 120R as a representative example.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective sectional view of the liquid crystal panel 12OR.
- the R light from the ultra-high pressure mercury lamp 101 enters the liquid crystal panel 12OR from the lower side of Fig. 2 and exits from the upper side in the direction of the screen 116.
- An opposing substrate 202 having a transparent electrode and the like is formed inside the entrance-side dustproof transparent plate 2.01.
- a TFT substrate 205 having a TFT (thin film transistor), a transparent electrode and the like is formed inside the emission side dustproof transparent plate 206.
- the opposite substrate 2.02 and the TFT substrate 205 are opposed to each other, and the incident-side dustproof transparent plate 201 and the emission-side dustproof transparent plate 206 are attached to each other.
- a liquid crystal layer 204 for image display is sealed between the opposing substrate 202 and the TFT substrate 205.
- a black matrix forming layer 203 for shielding light is provided on the incident light side of the liquid crystal layer 204.
- a prism group 210 composed of a plurality of prism elements 211 is formed on the emission side surface of the emission side dustproof transparent plate 206. Details of the configuration and operation of the prism group 210 will be described later.
- the first polarizing plate 12 1 R, The second polarizing plate 122R is provided separately from the liquid crystal panel 122OR.
- a polarizing plate is also provided between the entrance-side dust-proof transparent plate 201 and the opposite substrate 202, between the emission-side dust-proof transparent plate 206 and the TFT substrate 205, and the like. You can do it.
- the prism group 210 may be formed on the second polarizing plate 122R, or may be formed on the R light incident surface of the cross dichroic prism 112.
- FIG. 3 is a plan view of the black matrix forming layer 203.
- the black matrix section 220 which is a light shielding section, does not emit to the screen 116 side by blocking the R light incident from the ultra-high pressure mercury lamp 101.
- the black matrix part 220 has predetermined widths W1 and W2, and is formed in a grid shape in a direction orthogonal to the black matrix part 220.
- the rectangular area surrounded by the black matrix portion 220 forms an opening 230.
- the opening 230 passes the R light from the ultra-high pressure mercury lamp 101.
- the R light transmitted through the opening 230 passes through the counter substrate 202, the liquid crystal layer 204, and the TFT substrate 205 as shown in FIG.
- the polarization component of the R light is modulated in the liquid crystal layer 204 according to the image signal.
- the light that forms the pixel portion in the projected image is light that has been modulated by transmitting through the opening 23, the liquid crystal layer 204, and the TFT substrate 205. Since this light is light transmitted through the opening 230, the position and size of the opening 230 correspond to the position and size of the pixel portion, respectively.
- the center line CL of the belt-like black matrix portion 220 is indicated by a dotted line.
- a periodic region 240 a region surrounded by a center line CL and indicated by a thick line in the figure.
- the adjacent periodic areas 240 are periodically and repeatedly arranged without gaps.
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of an image projected on a screen 116 by a prior art projector.
- An aperture image 230 P is projected by being surrounded by a belt-shaped black matrix image 220.
- a periodic area image 240 P surrounded by a thick line is projected.
- the position where the center line images CLP intersect is referred to as an intersection CP.
- the description will be made using an image projected on the screen 116 by the projection lens 114.
- the projection lens 114 is not interposed.
- the image projected by the projector 100 and the image projected by the spatial light modulator for first color light 111 OR alone are substantially the same except for the image magnification. For this reason, a description will be given below using the projected image projected on the screen 1 16 as an example.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing the relationship between the black matrix forming layer 203 and the prism group 210 which is a refraction part.
- the R light transmitted through the opening 230 corresponding to one pixel portion travels as conical divergent light. Then, this R light is incident on at least a part of the prism groups 21 ° among the prism groups 210.
- the prism group 2 10 is composed of a prism element 2 11 having at least a refractive surface 2 12 and a flat portion 2 13.
- the flat portion 21 3 is a surface substantially parallel to the surface 230 a in which the opening 230 corresponding to the pixel portion is formed.
- a plurality of prism elements 21.1 are regularly arranged at a fixed period to form a prism group 210.
- FIG. 6A, FIG. 6B, and FIG. 6C are plan views showing the positional relationship between the opening 230 and the prism group 210.
- FIG. Each prism element 211 has a substantially square shape, as shown in FIG. 6C.
- FIG. 6B with respect to the direction of the center line CL of the black matrix forming layer 203 shown in FIG. 6A, the direction along the side 2 11 a of each prism element 2 11 1 Are configured to make approximately 45 °.
- the light transmitted through one opening 230 is composed of a plurality of prism elements 211. -Part of the prism group 2 10 is incident.
- FIG. 7 is an enlarged view showing the vicinity of a prism group 210 serving as a refraction unit.
- the medium for example, air
- the members constituting the prism group 210 have a refractive index n2.
- the refracting surface 2 12 is formed so as to have an angle of 0 with respect to a reference surface 2 13 a extending from the flat portion 2 13.
- the angle 0 is referred to as an inclination angle.
- the light beam incident on 13 enters the flat portion 2 13 perpendicularly. For this reason, a projection image is formed on the screen 116 without any refraction at the flat portion 211 and proceeds straight as it is. On the other hand, the light incident on the refracting surface 2 12 is refracted so as to satisfy the following conditional expression.
- n l ⁇ s i n j3 n 2 ⁇ s ⁇ ⁇ ⁇
- the angle ⁇ is an incident angle based on the normal ⁇ of the refracting surface 2 12, and the angle is an exit angle.
- the position of the straight light, the position of the refracted light, and the distance S are expressed by the following equations.
- the prism inclination angle ⁇ of the refracting surface 2 12 it is possible to arbitrarily set the distance S, which is the amount of movement of the opening image 230 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ on the screen 116.
- the direction in which the light beam LL2 is refracted depends on the direction of the refraction surface 212.
- an opening image 2 3 0 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ is formed on the screen 1 16.
- the direction can be set arbitrarily.
- one side of the square prism element 211 has a length L a and one side of the flat portion 213 has a length L b.
- the area L a XL a occupied by one prism element 211 in the prism group 210 is defined as a unit area.
- the four refraction surfaces 212 a, 212 b, 212 c, and 212 d have areas PI, P2, P3, and P4, respectively.
- the amount of light transmitted straight through the flat portion 213 corresponds to the area FS of the flat portion 213 in a unit area.
- the total amount of light refracted by the four refracting surfaces 212a, 212b, 212c, and 212d is the total area P of the refracting surfaces 212a, 212b, 212c, and 212d in a unit area.
- P the total area of the refracting surfaces 212a, 212b, 212c, and 212d in a unit area.
- the amount of light that has traveled straight or refracted the prism element 210 on the screen 116 can be arbitrarily set.
- the amount of light of the projected image (directly transmitted image) transmitted straight through the flat portion 213 and the amount of light of the projected image refracted by the refraction surface 212 be equal.
- the total area (4XP1) of the four refracting surfaces 212a, 212b, 212c, and 212d having the same area is 0.5 (-1. 0-0.5). is there. In this way, the amount of light that has passed through the flat portion 213 and travels straight can be made equal to the total amount of light that has been refracted by the four refraction surfaces 212a, 212b, 212c, and 212d.
- FIG. 8A shows one periodic area image 240 P on screen 116.
- the light that has entered the flat portion 213 of the prism element 211 substantially perpendicularly goes straight without undergoing the refraction action at the flat portion 213.
- the light that has traveled straight forms an aperture image (direct transmission image) 230P on the screen 116 at the center of the periodic area 240P.
- the configuration is such that the direction along the side 211a of the prism element 211 and the direction of the center line CL of the black matrix formation layer 2.03 are substantially 45 °. Therefore, for example, as shown in FIG.
- the light refracted by the refraction surface 212a is opened at a position away from the aperture image (direct transmission image) 230P by the above-described distance S in the arrow direction.
- a partial image 230 Pa is formed.
- the observer always observes the ultra-high pressure mercury lamp 101 as the light source from the viewing direction.
- the image projected on the screen 116 is also viewed from the direction in which the ultra-high pressure mercury lamp 101 is viewed from the rear side of the screen 116 (the direction in which light is coming).
- FIGS. 8A to 8D illustrate the same peripheral area image 240P separately from the opening images 230Pa, 230Pb, 230Pc, and 230Pd.
- the refraction surface 212 is a projection (projection) surface separated by a predetermined distance L from the prism group 210 that is the refraction unit.
- the aperture image 230 of the aperture 230 corresponding to the pixel portion 230Pa, 230Pb, 230Pc, 230Pd It has a direction of the refracting surface 211 and an inclination angle ⁇ ⁇ such that it is guided onto the black matrix part image 220 P which is a projection image of the part 220.
- the aperture images 230 Pa, 230 Pb, 230 Pc, 230 are superimposed on the area of the black matrix image 220 P. Pd is formed. Therefore, on screen 1 16! The observer does not recognize the black matrix part image 220P.
- the inside of the periodic region image 240 P is filled with the opening images 230 Pa, 230 Pb, 230 Pc, and 230 Pd without gaps.
- the prism element 2 1 1 has the intersection points CP a, CP b, CP c, and CP d of the central spring image CLP of the black matrix part image 220 P which is a light shielding part image arranged in a lattice shape,
- the orientation of the refracting surface 2 12 and the refracting surface 2 1 2 so that the opening of the aperture 2 3 0 which is a pixel portion (direct transmission image) 2 3 It has a tilt angle of 0. For this reason, a so-called seamless image with less bleeding between pixel portions, and an image with a smooth and reduced roughness can be obtained.
- the prism group 210 is formed integrally with the emission ffi of the emission-side dustproof transparent plate 206.
- the emission-side dustproof transparent plate 206 is a transparent parallel plate glass.
- a group of prisms 210 is formed on one surface of the parallel plate glass by photolithography. Specifically, a mask is formed by patterning a photoresist layer on a parallel plate glass using a gray scale method so as to have a desired plasma shape, for example, a quadrangular pyramid shape. Then, a prism group 210 is formed by RIE (reactive 'ion' etching) using a fluorine-based gas such as CHF3.
- RIE reactive 'ion' etching
- the prism group 210 can also be formed by a wet etching method using hydrofluoric acid.
- the emission-side dustproof transparent plate 206 which is a parallel plate glass having the prism group 210 formed on one surface, is assembled at the most emission side in the manufacturing process of the liquid crystal panel 120R. I guess ⁇ L.
- Optical epoxy resin is applied to one side of the parallel plate glass.
- a mold having a pattern in which concavities and convexities are inverted from a desired prism shape is prepared.
- the mold is transferred by pressing the mold against the epoxy resin.
- the optical epoxy resin is irradiated with ultraviolet rays to be cured, thereby forming a prism group 210.
- the parallel plate glass is heated and softened to the extent necessary for mold transfer. Then, the above-described mold is pressed onto one surface of the softened parallel plate glass to transfer the mold. Also according to this, the prism group 210 can be formed on the parallel plate glass.
- the prism group 210 is not limited to being formed integrally with the emission-side dust-proof transparent plate 206.
- a prism group 210 having a desired prism shape is separately manufactured as a pattern sheet by a hot press method. Then, the pattern sheet is cut to the required size. Next, the cut pattern sheet is adhered to the emission surface side of the parallel plate glass using an optically transparent adhesive. Also according to this, the prism group 210 can be formed on the parallel plate glass.
- a coating layer made of a low-refractive-index transparent resin or the like is formed on the exit side surface of the prism group 210.
- the refractive index of the member constituting the prism group 210 and the refractive index of the coating layer can be made substantially the same. Thereby, it is possible to reduce the displacement of the refracted light on the screen 116 due to the variation of the manufacturing error of the refraction surface 212 and the like.
- the size of the prism elements to be arranged will be described with reference to FIG.
- the size of the prism element 2 11 a is determined in front of the light traveling direction from a certain point of the black matrix forming layer 203 which is a light shielding portion arranged in the spatial modulation element 12 OR.
- F is the F-number of the projection lens
- ⁇ is the swallowing angle
- L is the distance between the black matrix forming layer force and the prism group 210.
- the diameter ⁇ of the size of the largest prism is desirably equal to or smaller than the size represented by the following equation.
- the size of the prism elements 2 1 1a distributed in the area ratio is approximately within the diameter ⁇ ⁇ , and the ratio of the flat part area to the prism angle projection area within the diameter ⁇ is approximately matched to the design value.
- a pixel having a light amount ratio divided by the area of the direct transmission image and the area of the refraction transmission image is obtained.
- the R light is described as a representative example.
- the spatial light modulator for third color light 11 G and B light for the 11 OB liquid crystal panel 120 B Is the same as in the case of the R light.
- the spatial light modulator for first color light 11 OR, the spatial light modulator for second color light 110 G, and the spatial light modulator for third color light 110 B are each a refraction unit. Are included in the prism group 210.
- the ultra-high pressure mercury lamp 101 as the light source has a light emission spectrum distribution as shown in FIG.
- the horizontal axis of FIG. 10 is wavelength
- the vertical axis is an arbitrary intensity unit.
- light having a peak wavelength of the emission line spectrum of about 440 nm is used as light
- light having a peak wavelength of about 550 nm is used as G light.
- the light near the center wavelength of about 600 nm of the light intensity integration value is used as the R light.
- the screen 1 When light of these wavelengths is refracted by the refracting surface 2 1 2, the screen 1 The inclination angle 0 and the like of the refraction surface 212 are controlled so that a predetermined projection image is formed on the projection 16. Thus, a high-quality image with little color shift can be obtained on the screen 116.
- the optimum height (depth) H is approximately 45.5111.
- the prism groups 210 are formed on the emission side surfaces of the liquid crystal panels 120R, 120G, and 120B, for example, on the quartz substrate surface, numerical examples are given for the inclination angle 0 of the prism element 2-1.
- the inclination angles ⁇ of the respective prism elements 211 for the R light, the G light, and the B light are 0.31 °, 0.31 °, and 0.30 °, respectively.
- the reason why the inclination angle differs for each color is that, as described above, the refractive index of the members constituting the prism group 210 differs depending on the wavelength.
- each prism element 211 for R light, G light and B light is respectively set. 0.10 °, 0.10 °, 0.099 °.
- the inclination angle ⁇ is a small value, it may be difficult to form the prism group 210 by, for example, cutting. Therefore, a material having a refractive index close to the refractive index of the members constituting the prism group 210 is formed on the interface of the prism group 210 by a mold. Thereby, the inclination angle ⁇ can be increased, and the prism group 210 can be manufactured easily.
- the difference in the refractive index between the member forming the prism group 210 and the material to be molded is 0.3.
- the prism group 21'0 for each color is provided on the incident surface of each color light of the cross dichroic prism 112, each prism for R light, G light, and ⁇ light is used.
- the inclination angle 6 of the element 211 is 0.31 ° and 0.31, respectively. , 0.31. It is.
- FIG. 11 shows a schematic configuration of a projector 1100 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- the prism group 111 is provided with a prism group 110 serving as a refraction section on the exit side surface of the cross dichroic prism 112 serving as a color combining optical system.
- FIG. 12 is a perspective view showing the cross dichroic prism 112 in an enlarged manner.
- a prism group 1110 having a structure to be described later is formed on the emission side surface of the cross dichroic prism 112 to the screen 116 by using any of the manufacturing methods described above.
- the prism group 1110 may be provided on the incident side surface of the cross dichroic prism 112. This makes it possible to set the angle of refraction corresponding to each wavelength, so that the refraction image can be optimized.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram of the prism group 1110 viewed from the AA cross section of FIG.
- the prism group 1110 includes a first refraction layer 1120 and a second refraction layer 1130 provided on the emission side of the first refraction layer.
- Prism elements 1140 and 1150 are formed on the first refraction layer 1120 and the second refraction layer 1130, respectively. It should be noted that the prism element 1150 formed on the second refraction layer 1130 sees a cross section along the longitudinal direction, and thus the shape of the refraction surface is not shown.
- the optical epoxy resin is cured by irradiating ultraviolet rays to form a lower low refractive index layer 1120b.
- an appropriate amount of an optical epoxy resin having a high refractive index is applied on the lower low refractive index layer 1120b.
- a substantially sinusoidal uneven portion corresponding to the shape of the prism element 1150 extending in the horizontal direction of the paper is formed.
- the optical epoxy resin is cured by irradiating ultraviolet light to form the upper high refractive index layer 1130a.
- an optical epoxy resin having a lower refractive index is further applied on the upper side of the upper high refractive index layer 1130a. Using a flat squeegee, flatten the surface of the applied optical epoxy resin. Thereafter, the optical epoxy resin is cured by irradiating ultraviolet rays to form the upper low refractive index layer 1130b.
- the optical epoxy resin having a high refractive index desirably has such a viscosity that the predetermined uneven shape of the prism element can be maintained.
- the optical epoxy resin having a low refractive index has a low viscosity in order to planarize.
- the lower low refractive index layer 1120b and the upper low refractive index layer 1130b can also be formed by spin coating, spray coating, or the like.
- the prism group 1110 may have the same configuration as the prism group 210 in the first embodiment.
- a pattern corresponding to the shape of the prism element is previously formed on a pattern sheet by a hot plate method or the like. Then, the pattern sheet is appropriately cut to a necessary size. The cut pattern sheet is fixed to the exit surface side of the cross dichroic prism 112 with an optically transparent adhesive.
- a projected image as shown in FIG. 9 can be obtained on the screen 116.
- the prism element 1 140 has a substantially sinusoidal shape. Therefore, the light amount of the light that goes straight without being refracted and the light halo of the refracted light can be made to have a 1: 1 ratio, that is, equal.
- the optimum height (depth) of the prism element 1140 can be set to 45.5 ⁇ .
- the inclination angle 0 0.Oldeg.
- the inclination angle ⁇ is small and has a small value, it may be difficult to form the prism group 1 110 by, for example, cutting. Therefore, a material having a refractive index close to the refractive index of the member forming the prism group 1110 is formed on the interface of the prism group 1110 by a mold. Accordingly, the inclination angle 0 is increased, and the production of the prism group 110 can be facilitated.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a projected image on a screen 116 of the projector according to the third embodiment.
- the configuration of the projector is the same as the configuration described in the first embodiment or the second embodiment, and therefore, the repeated description will be omitted.
- the differences from the first or second embodiment are the directions of the refracting surfaces of the prism elements 211, 1140, and 110, the inclination angle is 0, and the area ratio.
- description will be made focusing on various combinations of the direction of the refraction surface, the inclination angle 0, and the area ratio.
- the projection image of this embodiment is composed of an aperture image 1400 P (direct transmission image) due to light that has traveled straight without being refracted by the flat portions of the prism elements 1140 and 1150, and an aperture image.
- the opening images 1400 Pa, 1400 Pb, 1400 Pc, and 1400 Pd are formed at a position separated by a distance S in the 45 ° direction indicated by the arrow with respect to 1400 P.
- the periodic image 240P can be completely filled with the opening image.
- what is characteristic in this embodiment is that at least some of the four adjacent opening images 14 OOPa, 1400 Pb, 1400 Pc, and 1400 Pd overlap in the black matrix image 220 P. The point is that a new opening image 1410P is formed.
- the new opening image 1410 P which is a region where adjacent pixel portion images 1400 P overlap each other, includes at least the first opening image 1400 Pa and the second opening image 1400 P that are adjacent to each other.
- a new third opening image can be formed based on the image information of Pb. As a result, the density of the number of pixels to be projected can be improved.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a projected image on a screen 116 of the projector according to the fourth embodiment.
- the projected image of this embodiment is, for example, an aperture image (directly transmitted image) 1500 due to light that has traveled straight without being refracted by the flat portions of the prism elements 1140 and 1150.
- the opening images 1500 Pa and 1500 Pd are formed at a position separated by a distance S in the 45 ° direction indicated by the arrow with respect to P and the opening image 1500 Pd.
- the periodic area image 240P can be filled with the opening image without any gap.
- what is characteristic of this embodiment is that substantially the entire region between two adjacent opening images 1500 Pa and 1500 Pd overlaps with the black matrix image 220 P to form a new opening image. This is the point that forms 1510P.
- a new third opening image can be formed based on the image information of the adjacent first opening image 1500 Pa and second opening image 1500 Pd. As a result, the density of the number of pixels to be projected can be improved.
- FIGS. 16A to 16D are diagrams showing examples of various variations of the shape of the prism element.
- FIG. 16A shows a trapezoidal prism group 1610 having a refractive surface 1610a and a flat portion 1610b.
- FIG. 16B shows a triangular prism group 1620 having a refractive surface 1620a and a flat portion 1620b.
- Fig. 16C shows a trigonal prism group 16 having a refractive surface 1630a and a flat portion 1630b. Shows 30.
- FIG. 16D shows a blazed prism group 1640 consisting of only the refractive surface 1640a.
- various variations can be taken by using the direction, the inclination angle, and the area of the refraction surface as parameters.
- FIG. 17A, 17B, and 17C are plan views showing the positional relationship between the opening 1700 and the prism group 1710.
- the direction along the side 1711a of each prism element 1711 is approximately 45 ° with respect to the direction of the center line CL of the black matrix stratified layer 203 shown in FIG. 17A, as shown in FIG. 17B. It is configured to do this.
- the light transmitted through one opening 1700 is incident on a partial prism group 171.0 including a plurality of prism elements 1711.
- Each prism element 1711 has a substantially square shape as shown in FIG. 17C.
- the prism element 1711 has a polygonal pyramid-shaped prism element, for example, a quadrangular pyramid-shaped refracting surface 1712a, 1712b, 1712c, 1712d.
- a flat portion 1713 is provided around the refraction surfaces 1712a, 1712b, 1712c, and 1712d.
- the light transmitted through the flat portion 1713 of the prism element 1711 forms an aperture image (direct transmission image) 1700P.
- the refracting surfaces 1712a, 1712b, 1712c, and 1712d form an opening image 1720P that is a projection image in the 45 ° direction with respect to the center line image CLP.
- the inclination angles of the respective refracting surfaces 1712a, 1712b, 1712c, and 1712d are such that four projection images from four adjacent openings 1700 are formed at the center of four adjacent opening images 1700P.
- a new opening image 1720 P is formed by superimposing the position on the center of the intersection CP.
- the apparent resolution can be improved by a factor of 1.25.
- the prism element 1711 has a unit area T.
- Each bent surface 1712a, 1712b, 1712c, 1712d has an area TZ8, 1713 has an area of 4TZ8.
- FIG. 19, FIG. 19B, and FIG. 19C are plan views showing the positional relationship between the opening 1900 and the prism group 1910.
- the direction along the side 1911a of each prism element 1911 is approximately 45 ° as shown in FIG. 19B with respect to the direction of the center line CL of the black matrix stratification layer 203 shown in FIG. 19A. It is configured to do this.
- the light transmitted through one opening 1900 is incident on a partial prism group 1910 including a plurality of prism elements 1911.
- Each prism element 1911 has a substantially square shape as shown in FIG. 19C.
- the prism element 1911 has a polygonal pyramid-shaped prism element, for example, a quadrangular pyramid-shaped refraction surface 1912a, 1912b, 1912c, 1912d. Note that no flat portion is formed.
- the refracting surfaces 1912a, 1912b, 1912c, and 1912d form a projection image in the 45 ° direction with respect to the center line image CLP.
- the inclination angles of the refracting surfaces 1712a, 1712b, 1712c, and 1712d are the opening images 1912Pa, 1912Pb, 1912Pc, and 1912, which are four projection images from the opening 1900.
- the prism element 1911 has no flat portion. For this reason, a projected image (indicated by a dotted line in FIG.
- the prism element 1911 has a unit area T.
- Each of the refractive surfaces 1912a, 1912b, 1912c, and 1912d has an area T / 4.
- the opening images 1912Pa, 1912Pb, 1912Pc, and 1912Pd can be made equal to each other, and can have a light amount proportional to the area T / 4. As a result, a smooth and smooth image can be obtained. (Example 7)
- FIG. 21 shows a schematic configuration in which a part of the prism group 2100 in the seventh embodiment is enlarged.
- the prism group 2100 includes a first prism element 2110 having a quadrangular pyramid shape, and a second prism element 2120 having a quadrangular pyramid shape.
- the first prism element 2110 is formed such that one side thereof is substantially 45 ° with respect to the center line CL.
- the second prism element 2120 is formed such that one side thereof is substantially parallel to the center / line CL.
- a flat portion 2130 is provided around the first prism element 2110 and the second prism element 2120.
- the light transmitted through the flat portion 2130 forms an opening image (direct transmission image) 2200 mm.
- the refracting surface 2111 of the first prism element 2110 forms an opening image 21 11 P in the 45 ° direction with respect to the center line image C LP.
- An aperture image 2121P is formed by the refraction surface 2121 of the second prism element 2120 in a direction parallel to the center line image CLP.
- the direction and the inclination angle of the refraction surface are set so that these projection images fill the black matrix portion image without gaps.
- double density display can be performed.
- the area ratio of the refraction surface is set to a unit area T, an area T / 16 of the refraction surface 211 1, an area 2T / 16 of the refraction surface 2121, and an area 4 TZ 16 of the flat portion 2130.
- the respective light amounts of the projected images can be made substantially equal.
- the shape of the prism group that causes the same refraction as in the present embodiment can take various modifications. For example, as shown in FIG. A prism group 2300 having 0 may also be used.
- FIG. 24 is a perspective sectional view of a liquid crystal panel 120R of the spatial light modulator according to the eighth embodiment.
- the configuration of the prism group 2400 is different from the configuration of the first embodiment.
- the same parts as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and overlapping description will be omitted.
- the prism group 2400 has the incident side fixed to the TFT substrate 205 via an adhesive layer 2401.
- the exit side of the prism group 24.00 is fixed to the power bar glass 2403 via an adhesive layer 2402.
- FIG. 25 shows the configuration of the prism group 2400 of this embodiment.
- the prism group 2400 of the refraction unit is composed of two sets of prism elements 2410a and 2410b.
- the prism element 2410a has a substantially trapezoidal cross section in the y-axis direction, which is the first direction. Further, the prism element 2410a has a longitudinal direction in an X-axis direction which is a second direction substantially orthogonal to the y-axis direction which is the first direction.
- two slopes Y1, .Y2 function as refraction surfaces.
- the upper surface Y0 of the cross-sectional shape in the y-axis direction of the prism element 2410a functions as a flat portion. Therefore, light incident on the slope Y1 or the slope Y2 is refracted in a direction corresponding to the angle of the slope. A refracted transmission image is formed by the refracted light. Light incident on the upper surface Y0 'is transmitted as it is. A transmitted image is directly formed by the light transmitted as it is.
- the prism element 2410b has the same configuration as the prism element 2410a.
- two slopes XI and X2 function as refraction surfaces.
- the upper surface X0 functions as a flat portion.
- the two sets of prism elements 2410a and 2410b are provided such that their longitudinal directions are substantially orthogonal to each other.
- the plane side of the prism element 2410a and the plane side of the prism element 2410b are fixed to face each other. Force, not limited to, Any of the following configurations (1) to (3) may be used.
- FIGS. 24 and 25 a configuration in which the prism surfaces are in contact is described, but a configuration in which both surfaces are in contact with air may be used.
- FIG. 26 shows the splitting of incident light by the prism group 2400.
- incident light XY travels from left to right.
- light rays are specified using the signs of the slopes Y0, Y1, and Y2.
- the incident light XY is split by the prism element 2410a shown by a dotted line into three light beams, a light beam ⁇ 1, Y2 refracted on the inclined surface and a light beam ⁇ 0 transmitted through the upper surface as it is.
- the three split beams ⁇ 0, Yl, ⁇ 2 are further split into three beams by the prism element 2410b.
- the incident light XY is split into nine rays Y1X1, ⁇ 1 ⁇ , ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2, ⁇ 0 ⁇ 1, ⁇ 0 ⁇ 0, ⁇ 0 ⁇ 2, ⁇ 2 ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2 ⁇ 0, ⁇ ⁇ 2X2.
- the area of the direct transmission image due to the ray ⁇ 0X0 is indicated by a thick frame.
- the projected image of the pixel portion by the refracted light can be formed in the directions orthogonal to the longitudinal directions of the prism elements 2410a and 2410b, respectively.
- the two sets of prism elements 2410a and 2410b are configured so that the longitudinal directions thereof are substantially orthogonal to each other. This results in eight rays Y1X1, Y1X0, Y1X2, Y0X1, Y0X2, Y2X1, Y2X0, Y around the area of the direct transmission image by ray Y0X0.
- a 2X2 refraction transmission image area is formed.
- Figure 27 It is shown with reference numerals of light rays.
- direct transmission image formed by the light Y0X0 is periodically formed adjacent to correspond to positions of the plurality of openings 230 as shown in FIG. 3 s.
- the prism elements 2410a and 2410b form a refraction transmission image in a region between the direct transmission images by the light ray Y0X0. This prevents the observer from recognizing the black matrix part image 220P (FIG. 4), which is the light shielding part.
- the sum of the light intensities from the upper surface YO of the prism element 2410a and the upper surface X0 of the prism element 2410b, which are flat portions of the screen 116 (FIG. 1), is PW0, and the refraction surface.
- PW1 the sum of the light intensity through the slopes Yl, ⁇ 2, XI, and X2 is PW1
- the sum of the light intensity of the direct transmission image by the light ray Y 0 X 0 corresponds to the area of the upper surface Y 0, X 0 which is a flat portion. Also, the sum of the light intensities of the refraction and transmission images by the rays Y 1X1, ⁇ 1 ⁇ 0, ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2, ⁇ 0 ⁇ 1, ⁇ 0 ⁇ 2, ⁇ 2 ⁇ 1, ⁇ .2 ⁇ 0, ⁇ 2 Corresponds to the area of Here, the sum of the light intensities of the refraction and transmission images by the rays Y1X1, ⁇ 1 ⁇ , ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2, ⁇ 0 ⁇ 1, ⁇ 0 ⁇ 2, ⁇ 2X1, ' ⁇ 2X0, ⁇ 2X2 If it becomes larger than PW 0, the observer will perceive it as a double image such as a ghost. For this reason, the image quality of the projected image deteriorates.
- the configuration is such that PWO ⁇ PWl is satisfied.
- the observer can observe a seamless, smooth, and less grainy image without recognizing the light-shielding portion around the direct transmission image which is the original projected image of the pixel portion. Further, the observer does not recognize a degraded image such as a double image.
- PWO> PWl be satisfied. More preferably, it is desirable to satisfy PWO> 0.9 XPW1. This makes it possible to reduce the feeling of roughness more seamlessly.
- FIG. 28A shows the light intensity distribution of the projected image on the screen 116.
- the horizontal axis indicates position coordinates on the screen 116
- the vertical axis indicates an arbitrary intensity unit.
- the BB cross-section passing through the approximate center of the three areas: the area I of the direct transmission image shown in Fig. 27, the area K of the adjacent direct transmission image, and the area J between these areas Will be described. That is, the portion indicated by the symbol I on the horizontal axis in FIG. 28A corresponds to the region I in FIG. 27, the portion indicated by the symbol J corresponds to the region J in FIG. 27, and the portion indicated by the symbol K. Corresponds to region K in FIG. 27.
- the second peak value Pb is set to a power distribution that is approximately half of the first peak value Pa.
- the power distribution of this light intensity can be controlled in accordance with the area ratio between the upper surfaces ⁇ 0, X0 of the prism elements 2410a, 241013 and the slopes Yl, ⁇ 2, XI, X2. .
- the light intensity is in accordance with a predetermined intensity distribution curve CV. 'This allows the observer to recognize an appropriate light intensity distribution in the area between the direct transmission image and the adjacent direct transmission image. For this reason, an appropriate intensity of light intensity is generated between adjacent pixel images, so that an apparently high-resolution image can be obtained. For this reason, the observer can observe a smooth projected image with reduced smoothness without recognizing the light-shielding portion.
- FIGS. 28B, 28C and 28D Modifications of the light intensity distribution are shown in FIGS. 28B, 28C and 28D, respectively.
- the two first peak values P c of the light intensity distributions of the region I and the region K are larger than the second peak value P c of the region J.
- the first peak value Pe of the light intensity distribution in the region I and the region K is larger than the two second peak values Pf in the region J.
- Each of the first peak values P g has substantially the same size as the second peak value P g of the region J.
- a sharp and sharp impression can be obtained.
- the observer when projecting both a photographic image and a text image such as a character or a graph using the projector including the liquid crystal panel 120R of the present embodiment, the observer can improve both images. You can observe with excellent image quality.
- FIG. 29 shows a configuration in which the prism group 310 is viewed from a perspective direction in an intermediate process when the prism group 210 is manufactured.
- the prism group 2.10 shown in FIG. 2 will be described using a shape in which concavities and convexities are opposite to each other. Even in the case of the prism group having the opposite shape, the optical effect is basically the same as the prism group shown in FIG.
- the injection-side dustproof transparent plate 206 is a rectangular parallel plate glass. Then, a prism element 211 is formed on one surface of the parallel plate glass by a method described later. First, the processing procedure will be described.
- One surface of the injection-side dustproof transparent plate 206, which is a processing area, is divided into six strip-shaped sub-areas SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4, SB4, SB5, and SB6. Note that the number of divisions may be five or more.
- a flat portion 311a and a refraction surface 311b having a first shape are formed in any one of the sub-regions SB1.
- a V-shaped groove is formed by the two refracting surfaces 3 1 1 b.
- the flat portion 3 13 a having the second shape is refracted in the sub-region SB 3 located farther than the sub-region SB 2 adjacent to the one sub-region SB 1.
- a surface 3 1 3b is formed.
- the prism element 211 which is a desired microscopic element, can be accurately manufactured regardless of disturbance. Then, in the direction substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the V-shaped groove, processing similar to the above is performed. As a result, it is possible to manufacture a prism group 210 composed of a plurality of prism elements 211 arranged in a substantially orthogonal lattice shape.
- the flat portion 311a and the refraction surface 311b are formed continuously. Then, the flat portion 311a and the refraction surface 311b are treated as one unit shape. As described above, in the present embodiment, the first shape and the second shape are the same. In the above-mentioned process, a plurality of unit shapes are formed into discrete thin shapes at random positions so that adjacent processes are not continuous. As described above, by forming the flat portion 311a and the refraction surface 311b into one unit shape, the area of the refraction surface 311b corresponding to the slope of the V-shaped groove is relatively reduced. Can be kept constant.
- the processing region is divided into the 25th sub region SB1 to SB25. Then, after processing with the sub-region SB1 as a starting point, the sub-region SB6 at a position separated by four sub-regions is processed. Thereafter, similarly, the sub-region SB 11, the sub-region SB 16, and the sub-region SB 21 are sequentially processed. Next, returning to the sub-region SB2, processing is performed starting from this position. Next, the sub-region SB7 at a position separated by four sub-regions is processed. Thereafter, similarly, processing is sequentially performed on the sub-region SB 12, the sub-region SB 17, and the sub-region SB 22. Return to sub area SB 3 for machining. This procedure is repeated until all 25 sub-regions have been machined. to this Thus, the influence of disturbance and the like can be evenly distributed over the processing surface.
- FIG. 30 shows a cross-sectional configuration of a prism group 410 according to Example 10 of the present invention.
- the V-shaped grooves have substantially the same pitch and substantially the same depth.
- diffracted light may be generated due to the periodicity of the structure of the prism group. Diffracted light degrades the quality of the projected image.
- the first shape and the second shape are different.
- data is set using a random number so as not to continuously process the neighborhood similarly to the ninth embodiment. Cuts V-shaped grooves sequentially based on the set data.
- the V-shaped groove is similarly formed in a direction substantially orthogonal to the predetermined direction.
- the flat portion 411a is cut next.
- the machining of one flat portion 411a is completed, the other flat portion at a preset position is machined.
- the prism group 410 as a microstructure element can be formed over all regions with uniform accuracy.
- diffracted light can be reduced. As a result, the observer can observe a high quality projected image.
- the unit area on the LCD panel 12 OR that is effectively projected on the screen 116 Is determined. Specifically, when the F-number of the integrator 104 is different from the F-number of the projection lens 114, the smaller F-number defines the unit area. Furthermore, when the F-number of the integrator 104 and the F-number of the projection lens 114 are the same, the unit area is defined by the same F-number.
- the liquid crystal panel 12 OR is illuminated in a superimposed manner by the integrator 104. For this reason, it corresponds to the area specific force between the flat portion and the refraction surface in the unit area of the liquid crystal panel 12OR, which corresponds to the light quantity ratio between the transmitted light from the flat surface and the refracted light from the refraction surface.
- the sum of the area of the refraction surface and the sum of the area of the flat portion in a predetermined direction per unit area on the liquid crystal panel 120R are configured to be the same.
- the amount of refracted light from each unit area on the liquid crystal panel 120R and the amount of directly transmitted light can be made substantially the same.
- the observer can observe a high-quality projected image without recognizing the black matrix portion of the black matrix forming layer 203.
- the two refracting surfaces 3 1 1 b form a V-shaped groove.
- the cutting depth is set to a depth d1 which is larger than the depth d0 originally required by the prism element 211. For the originally required depth d0, add the amount of machining fluctuation due to the influence of disturbance of the machining machine to the cutting depth.
- the cutting process is performed by inclining the cutting tool 500 with the angle ⁇ v / 2 with respect to the injection side dustproof transparent plate 206. I do.
- step S601 the operator inputs processing data such as a processing position, a processing angle, a processing depth, a bite rotation speed, and a processing speed for forming a desired fine shape to a control unit of the processing machine. I do. Then, the required shape tool is attached to the tool holder of the processing machine.
- step S602 the workpiece to be processed is set in the holder of the processing machine.
- the work is, for example, a parallel plate glass.
- step S603 a step different from the area forming the prism group of the parallel plate glass is used.
- Trial processing of the first shape for example, a V-shaped groove, is performed in the strike processing region. As the test processing region, a peripheral region of the parallel plate glass or the like can be used.
- step S604 the V-shape was trial-processed using a laser microscope or an atomic force microscope (Atomic Force Microscpoe) without removing the parallel plate glass from the work holder. Measure the fine shape of the groove. It is desirable that the parameters of the measurement data be at least one of pitch, angle, depth, and flat surface roughness.
- step S605 the difference between the measured data and the processed data is fed back to the processed data.
- step S606 the processing data is corrected based on the fed back difference value. More specifically, it captures the machining angle, cutting depth-pitch, pitch, and parameters for flat surface machining of the cutting tool. For example, correction of the processing angle, cutting depth, groove pitch, and parameters for flat surface processing are performed by correcting the angle of the pile, correcting the depth of the cutting tool, correcting the feed pitch, and correcting the feed pitch. At this point, the trial machining process is completed.
- step S607 as shown in FIG. 31B
- the cutting tool 500 is tilted by an angle 0 v Z2, and the flat portion 311a is formed.
- step S608 as shown in FIG. 31A, a V-shaped groove composed of the refracting surface 311b is formed.
- step S609 it is determined whether or not the processing is completed for the V-shaped groove. If the judgment result is false, in step 610, the position of the machining head in which the byte 500 is held is moved in the above-described procedure. Then, the processing of steps S607 and S608 is repeated. If the decision result in the step S609 is true, the machining is finished. '
- the added first shape is actually measured in the trial processing region in advance. Then, the measured data of the measured fine shape element is compared with the original processed data, and the difference between the two data is calculated. Calculated The difference is fed back to the processing data. Next, the first shape forming step and the repeating step are performed based on the processing data corrected by the difference amount. Thereby, shape processing in which the influence of disturbance or the like is reduced can be performed.
- the parallel flat plate constituting the emission-side dust-proof transparent plate is not limited to a glass member, and may be, for example, a transparent resin such as acrylic.
- a mold can be manufactured by performing a plating process on a parallel flat plate having a fine shape.
- a hard member such as heavy alloy (trade name) may be processed by the above-described method.
- a prism group 210 is manufactured by a transfer process using the processed hard member as a mold. Even in the prism group formed by transfer duplication, the unit area on the mold and the transferred prism group have the same flat area and unit refraction surface area per unit area. For this reason, the function as an optical element is the same even if the shape irregularity is reversed.
- FIGS. 33A and 33B A method for manufacturing a V-shaped groove of a microstructure element according to Example 12 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 33A and 33B.
- Byte 700 has an opening angle of angle ⁇ .
- a V-shaped groove is cut using the V-shaped part of the cutting tool 700. This is a method called “hailing”.
- FIGS. 34 and 34, FIG. 34B and FIG. 34C For example, consider a case where a V-shaped groove is formed by two cutting operations. In FIG. 34A, the cutting is performed once in the state of the first position 800 a using the cutting tool 700.
- the tool is moved around the V-shaped vertex position C a so that the bite 700 force S becomes the second position 800 b. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 34B, the first cutting is performed in the state of the vertex position Cb. At this time, the central axis AX substantially perpendicular to the emission-side dust-proof transparent plate 206, which is a parallel plate, and the one refracting surface 7111b of the byte 700 form an angle 0b. Next, as shown in FIG. 34C, a second cutting process is performed at the apex position Cc. In this state, the central axis AX and the other refracting surface 7111b form an angle ⁇ c.
- the vertex position C b and the top Byte 700 is controlled so that the point position C c matches the vertex position C a. Further, the vertices 700 are controlled so that the vertex angle ⁇ V of the V-shaped groove is the sum of the angle 0 b and the angle ⁇ c.
- the flat portion 7 11 a is machined as shown in FIG. 33B. In the processing of the flat portion 711a, the tip of the cutting tool is fed and the pitch is on the order of microns. As a result, an Rz flatness of about Rz3 / 100 micrometer can be achieved.
- the procedure for forming a V-shaped groove is as follows: First, in the trial processing step, a step of performing two or more times of shape processing as shown in FIGS. 34B and 34C at the same position C a This is different from Example 11 described above. The same procedure as in the above-mentioned embodiment 11 is omitted because it is duplicated.
- the angle ⁇ b is measured with a laser microscope or AFM.
- the angle 0c is measured after the trial cutting at the second position 800b.
- the angle 0 v (FIG. 34A) that forms the slope of the V-shaped groove can be calculated by the following equation.
- the vertex position ⁇ b and the vertex position ⁇ c are measured, and the processing data is corrected so that these positions match at the vertex position 0a. Further, with respect to the flat portion 7111a, the flat surface roughness is measured.
- the parameters of the measurement data are preferably at least one of pitch, angle, and depth.
- the processing angle, the vertex position, and the flat surface roughness are corrected by the byte angle correction, the virtual vertex position of the cutting tool, and the feed pitch, respectively. Thereby, the desired fine shape can be obtained even when the fine shape is machined by swinging the angle of the cutting bit at the same position.
- step S901 the operator sets a processing position, a processing angle, a processing depth, and a buffer for forming a desired fine shape. Input the processing data such as the rotation speed of the unit and the processing speed to the control unit of the processing machine. Then, a tool with the required shape is attached to the tool holder of the processing machine.
- step S902 a workpiece, which is a workpiece, is set in a holder of a processing machine.
- the work is, for example, parallel plate glass.
- step S903 a refraction surface 7111b forming a first shape, for example, a V-shaped groove, and a flat Perform trial processing with part 7 1 1a.
- a peripheral area of the parallel plate glass or the like can be used as the test processing area.
- step S904 the same measurement as in the above embodiments is performed without removing the work from the processing machine.
- step 905 the difference between the measured data and the processed data is fed back to the processed data.
- step 906 the processing data is corrected based on the fed back difference value. Specifically, the vertex position of the pit, the processing angle, the cutting depth, the pitch, the parameters for flat surface processing, etc. are corrected.
- step S907 the V-shaped groove is cut based on the processing data corrected by the feedback. For example, the V-shaped groove is cut at a depth that adds the error amount of the processing device.
- step S908 the processing head is moved to a random position.
- step S909 it is determined whether or not the force at which the V-shaped groove has been cut is completed.
- a V-shaped groove is further cut. For example, after forming a V-shaped groove along the first straight line, the processing head is moved to form a V-shaped groove along the second straight line that is parallel to the first straight line but not adjacent to it. Form a groove. Then, when all the processing of the V-shaped groove in one direction is completed, the same procedure is repeated in a direction substantially orthogonal to the one direction to form a V-shaped groove at random.
- the variation in the cutting depth that is, the variation in the area of the V-shaped slope can be uniformly dispersed on the parallel flat plate.
- step S911 it is determined whether or not the cutting of all the flat portions 7111a has been completed. If the decision result in the step S911 is false, in a step S912, the processing head holding the byte 700 is moved to a position set in advance at random. Then, the cutting process of step S910 is repeated. If the judgment result in step S911 is true, the machining is terminated.
- FIG. 36A shows a method for manufacturing a microstructure element according to Example 14 of the present invention.
- the tip of the grinding wheel 100 has the same angle ⁇ V as the top angle 0 V of the V-shaped groove formed by the two refracting surfaces 1 O i lb.
- the processing grindstone 1000 forms a predetermined depth in the z direction of the injection-side dustproof transparent plate 206 as a parallel flat plate while rotating about the axis AX1.
- the predetermined depth is a depth obtained by adding the fluctuation of the precision of the processing machine to the depth of the groove on the V-shape.
- FIG. 36B shows a method of forming a flat portion 101a with a grinding wheel 100000. While the grinding wheel 100 is rotated, it moves by a predetermined amount in the z direction. Then, it is stopped at the position of the flat portion 101a, and the flat portion 101a is cut along the y direction. In this way, as shown in FIG. 37A, first, the bent surface 101b constituting the V-shaped groove is repeatedly formed by the procedure described in the ninth embodiment. Next, a flat portion 101a is formed in the same procedure.
- FIG. 37B shows a cross-sectional configuration of a prism group 3710 that is a microstructure element manufactured according to the present embodiment. As in the above embodiments, the V-shaped groove formed by the refracting surface 101b and the flat portion 101a can be cut with desired accuracy.
- the Ni-type can be manufactured using the electroless plating for the micro-shaped element obtained by the manufacturing method according to each of the above embodiments. Then, by forming by-products by transfer using Ni type, an inexpensive microstructure element can be easily manufactured.
- FIG. 38 shows a perspective cross section of a spatial light modulator 1200 according to Embodiment 15 of the present invention.
- the spatial light modulator 1200 is a transmissive liquid crystal spatial light modulator.
- FIG. 38 shows only the main configuration, and the illustration of the polarizing plate and the like is omitted.
- the V-groove group 1222 which is an inorganic vertical alignment layer, is fixed to the counter substrate 1221 with an optically transparent adhesive.
- a transparent electrode such as an ITO film is formed in the V-shaped groove of the V-groove group 122.
- the V-groove group 126 is also fixed to the TF T3 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 4 128 with an optically transparent adhesive, and the V-shaped groove is formed with a transparent electrode 125.
- a thin film transistor (TFT) unit 127 is formed on the TFT substrate 128. Liquid crystal 124 is sealed between the opposing substrate 122 and the TFT 128.
- TFT thin film transistor
- the liquid crystal molecules When no voltage is applied between the transparent electrodes, the liquid crystal molecules are arranged along a V-shaped groove as an alignment film. On the other hand, when a voltage is applied between the transparent electrodes, the liquid crystal molecules are arranged so as to be aligned in the vertical direction in proportion to the voltage as shown in FIG. Thus, the amount of transmitted light can be controlled according to the applied voltage.
- the microstructure element according to the present invention can be applied to, for example, a rear projector screen.
- the rear projector screen has the function of a Fresnel lens and a function of diffusing light in order to effectively guide light toward the observer. For this reason, by forming the microstructure element according to the present invention on the screen surface, the incident light can be diffused and emitted toward the observer.
- the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention. '' Industrial applicability
- the spatial light modulator according to the present invention is particularly useful for a liquid crystal spatial light modulator.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP04717300A EP1533651A4 (en) | 2003-03-28 | 2004-03-04 | SPACE LIGHT MODULATOR, PROJECTOR USING SAME, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING FINE STRUCTURE ELEMENT USED IN THE MODULATOR, AND FINE STRUCTURE ELEMENT MADE THEREBY |
KR1020047021267A KR100744892B1 (ko) | 2003-03-28 | 2004-03-04 | 공간 광 변조 장치와 이 공간 광 변조 장치를 갖는 프로젝터 |
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JP2003-091327 | 2003-03-28 | ||
JP2003091327 | 2003-03-28 | ||
JP2003199462A JP4063159B2 (ja) | 2003-07-18 | 2003-07-18 | 微細構造素子の製造方法 |
JP2003-199462 | 2003-07-18 | ||
JP2003407318A JP4016940B2 (ja) | 2003-03-28 | 2003-12-05 | 空間光変調装置及びプロジェクタ |
JP2003-407318 | 2003-12-05 |
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WO2004088403A1 true WO2004088403A1 (ja) | 2004-10-14 |
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PCT/JP2004/002770 WO2004088403A1 (ja) | 2003-03-28 | 2004-03-04 | 空間光変調装置、この空間光変調装置を有するプロジェクタ、この空間光変調装置に用いる微細構造素子の製造方法、この方法により製造された微細構造素子 |
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US (2) | US7242444B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1533651A4 (ja) |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP1498749A2 (en) * | 2003-07-16 | 2005-01-19 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Spatial light modulator and projector |
Families Citing this family (19)
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KR20050083468A (ko) * | 2004-02-23 | 2005-08-26 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 마이크로렌즈 어레이 시트가 적용된 조명 기구를 구비한액정 표시 장치 및 마이크로렌즈 어레이 시트의 제조 방법 |
JP2005279918A (ja) * | 2004-03-04 | 2005-10-13 | Seiko Epson Corp | 微細構造素子の製造方法、この方法により製造された微細構造素子、空間光変調装置及びプロジェクタ |
JP2005340299A (ja) * | 2004-05-24 | 2005-12-08 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 固体撮像装置およびその製造方法並びにカメラ |
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JP4093240B2 (ja) * | 2005-02-07 | 2008-06-04 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 空間光変調装置及び画像表示装置 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US7242444B2 (en) | 2007-07-10 |
EP1533651A4 (en) | 2007-03-07 |
KR20050014889A (ko) | 2005-02-07 |
EP1533651A1 (en) | 2005-05-25 |
US7401926B2 (en) | 2008-07-22 |
KR20060115403A (ko) | 2006-11-08 |
US20040239822A1 (en) | 2004-12-02 |
US20070236670A1 (en) | 2007-10-11 |
KR100744892B1 (ko) | 2007-08-01 |
KR100805519B1 (ko) | 2008-02-20 |
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