WO2004077377A1 - Procede de regulation de la circulation routiere et installations routieres - Google Patents

Procede de regulation de la circulation routiere et installations routieres Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004077377A1
WO2004077377A1 PCT/CN2004/000144 CN2004000144W WO2004077377A1 WO 2004077377 A1 WO2004077377 A1 WO 2004077377A1 CN 2004000144 W CN2004000144 W CN 2004000144W WO 2004077377 A1 WO2004077377 A1 WO 2004077377A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
control
array
traffic
lane
vehicle
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PCT/CN2004/000144
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Shaopeng Yang
Original Assignee
Shaopeng Yang
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN 03106914 external-priority patent/CN1441369B/zh
Application filed by Shaopeng Yang filed Critical Shaopeng Yang
Priority to US10/547,055 priority Critical patent/US7860639B2/en
Publication of WO2004077377A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004077377A1/zh

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Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08GTRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/07Controlling traffic signals
    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08GTRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/07Controlling traffic signals
    • G08G1/081Plural intersections under common control

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for road traffic control and a corresponding facility.
  • traffic control f ⁇ adopts the control of the traffic flow in each direction of the road and according to the lanes to form a divided or mixed driving state, such as the position and multi-phase control of the intersection.
  • Some of the existing technologies, such as induction, adaptive control technology, and intelligent traffic control technologies such as ITS, are based on this.
  • Road traffic generally uses the guidance of traffic signs to achieve divided or mixed driving. Even the most advanced road intersection acid level navigation, automatic driving control, and intelligent traffic control ITS, etc., only control the direction or speed of traffic.
  • W099 / 53460 discloses a duplex traffic control method and device, which is mainly to add a front duplex traffic light and control the traffic flow in each direction.
  • the area between the duplex traffic light and the traditional traffic light is freely in order, and then multi-lane traffic is allowed.
  • dual-type traffic control method and device in addition to the front-type signal lights to increase the direction indication, the others are modeled on the dual-type traffic control method and device.
  • the multi-phase control can solve the intersection intersection, Conflict, improve traffic »and 3 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 4, but because the traffic flow in each direction is released according to the direction of the car, the section of the approach road starts ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 some cars it3 ⁇ 4, ⁇ 3 lanes or a maximum of lanes can not be used at the same time, traffic capacity is greatly limited, delays increase.
  • Traffic Control Law referred to as array control
  • array control is equipped with on-board or on-vehicle array access control devices, and related traffic signs, markings, isolation, etc. to assist in array control, and guide instructions to control motor vehicles, non- ⁇ 3 or part of the vehicle flow in each direction or several directions, at the intersections and sections, according to preset or automatic induction control optimization and intelligent program steps, at least a certain period of time, multi-directional multi-lane or multi-multiple traffic flow to line up the vehicle array at the same time Or the control method of arranging car arrays in turn, arranged into an ordered array with a variable formation, formation order, formation amount, and formation speed, to achieve continuous or non-continuous traffic flow in multiple lanes without or with little intersection.
  • Apparatus and equipment suitable for traffic control methods including road-borne or vehicle-mounted at least machines, non-item array traffic control processing and driving devices, array traffic instruction guidance devices or manipulation execution devices, and related signs and markings , Isolated traffic facilities, and options: inspection / monitoring, information display guidance, beacons, communications, positioning, navigation, track guidance identification, parking space detection, driving control equipment 3 ⁇ 4 device facilities are set according to array control requirements, including There is a combination of device facilities, functions or programs for array control and related auxiliary control, which can be new uses, new connections or improvements of traditional devices, or new devices, or functional components or functional modules. Can be combined in many ways, at least some of the devices are «setting» type, or function, or structure, or principle, or process, or program, etc.
  • array control can increase the capacity of intersections by up to three times, and the reduction of the average delay time can be calculated by ten or dozens of times due to the difference in traffic and congestion queuing conditions.
  • the four sections are two-way and three lanes for motor vehicles. To simplify the calculation, let the four sections have the same saturation and release traffic at peak times. The left, straight, and right sides are equal.
  • Tm-the maximum delay of a bicycle formation T release-the moment when the first vehicle was released after crossing the parking line after the last formation cycle, T stop-last time After the queuing or platooning cycle is completed, the first vehicle runs to the moment when the parking area is stopped for the first time at the guidance zone or parking line. T t-the running time of the vehicle at the wrong section.
  • the larger the original delay time the larger the reduction ratio of the delay time after the array control is applied.
  • each motor vehicle passes through 20 intersections that can be arrayed a day, the average reduction in delay at each intersection is 50s, and the average fuel consumption of an equivalent passenger car at idle speed is 0.8Kg / h.
  • the motor vehicle can save about 81Kg of fuel each year, save fuel costs of about 260 yuan, and the national fuel consumption is about 14 billion yuan.
  • the dynamic array during the operation of the road section has better traffic performance, delayed startup, and slightly better headway.
  • the capacity is the same as or slightly higher than that of the fixed area control, and it can avoid intersection parking at the maximum, reduce or even eliminate intersection delays. It also minimizes fuel consumption and exhaust pollution during stopping and starting. Transport efficiency, economic and social benefits.
  • the capacity of the integrated array is the same as that of the first two types of control, and has the advantages of both.
  • Array control has a wide scope, and it can be used at intersections of at least two lanes, including non-motorized lanes, and is prominent. 3 ⁇ 4 high intersection capacity and traffic order, reduce delays, reduce energy consumption and pollution, and mitigate the greenhouse effect. It has significant effects on improving the environment and saving investment in road construction, especially for large-volume traffic. The effect is more obvious. Opening a new road to resolve road traffic contradictions can bring huge economic and social benefits. The application prospect is very bright. Especially in cities and underdeveloped countries where roads are difficult to improve, it has more important application significance. With the development and application of intelligent intersection control and automatic induction technology methods such as ITS, array control will receive more advanced technical support, and its application will be obvious. At the same time, it will also become an important part of intelligent traffic control systems such as ITS. content.
  • Figure 1 is an example of the control flow of non-continuous array traffic
  • Figure 2 is an example of the control flow of method A release
  • Figure 3 is an example of the release control process of method B;
  • Figure 4 is an example of the release control process of method C;
  • Figures 5 and 6 are demonstration diagrams of other continuous array access control processes of method D;
  • Figures 7, 8, 10, 11, and 12 are examples of the three-lane method A traffic control, and a multi-directional and multi-lane simultaneous array control process demonstration diagram;
  • Figure 9 is a chain shift and vehicle-by-vehicle control demonstration example;
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of a multi-directional and multi-lane simultaneous array control process in three or more four-lane method A traffic control;
  • FIG. 14 is an example of a demonstration of a multi-directional and multi-lane simultaneous array control process in the 3-lane method B traffic control;
  • Figures 15 and 16 are examples of multi-directional and multi-lane simultaneous array control process demonstration examples in three or more 4-lane method B traffic control;
  • Figure 17 is a demonstration of multi-directional and multi-lane simultaneous array control process example in three-lane method C traffic control examples;
  • FIG. 18 is a diagram showing an example of a multi-directional and multi-lane simultaneous array control process in three or more 4-lane method C traffic control;
  • FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating an example of a multi-directional and multi-lane simultaneous array control process in the two-lane method A traffic control;
  • FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating an example of a multi-directional and multi-lane simultaneous array control process in the two-lane method B traffic control;
  • FIG. 21 is an example of a demonstration of a multi-directional and multi-lane simultaneous array control process in the two-lane method C traffic control;
  • Figures 22, 23, and 24 are examples of the dynamic alignment of the travelling sections of the road.
  • FIG. 25 is an example of an integrated array traffic control method
  • Figures 26, 27, 28, 29-1 / 2/3, and 30 are examples of several variants of array control;
  • Figures 31 and 32 are diagrams illustrating an example of a state transition process between array control and conventional control;
  • Figures 33, 34, 35, 36, and 37 are examples of fixed-area array control structures; each legend represents:
  • Figure 38 is the simulation control program Example diagram;
  • Figure 39 is an example of the working principle of the array control system;
  • Figure 40 is an example of the structure, principle and working block diagram of the array controller
  • Fig. 41 is a block diagram of the principle structure of an array / information display device
  • Fig. 42 is an example of an array indication display
  • Figure 43 is an example of the structure of the traveling dynamic array control.
  • the representative meanings of the legends are:
  • Figures 48, 49, 50, and 51 are demonstration diagrams of the method C flow control and array control flow in the example of array arrangement
  • Figures 52 and 53 are examples of the east and west and north exits of the A method in the example of arraying and matching.
  • FIG. 54 is a flow chart of an example of a dynamic dynamic array release control process
  • Fig. 55 is an example of a simple array control flow chart of a traveling dynamic array
  • FIG. 56 is an example diagram of the control structure, principle, and flow of a fixed area array
  • Fig. 57 is an example of a self-adaptive control program for a fixed area array control
  • Figure 58-71-1 / 2/3 is a schematic supplementary example of various types of array control flow (control methods are shown in parentheses;);
  • the exploded diagrams of the processes in the example diagram are from left to right. Arrows represent the direction of traffic flow. Horizontal lines and left / right oblique lines represent the formation of straight or left / right traffic flow. Guidance area and lane change area Not marked.
  • Array control includes control of forming continuous or non-continuous arrays of traffic, or passing through intersections and road sections after the completion of array control without the guidance or automatic control of traffic guidance signals.
  • D As shown in Figures 5, 6, A, B, and C, continuous flow in the case of various abnormal intersections of T-shaped and multi-shaped intersections with more or less flow directions, car arrays, phases, right-turn traffic or borrowed traffic. Access control, referred to as D method.
  • Array control includes forming a multi-directional (at least one-way) multi-lane (multiple-lane) or multi-segment or multi-point traffic flow at the same time for at least a certain period of time.
  • Staggered / staggered arrays control the flow, direction, spacing, position, morals, status of the induced traffic, or control the distribution of the set-up points, points, and confluence control points.
  • Channels and spaces forming at least a certain period of multi-directional, multi-lane or multi-segment or multi-point traffic flow control arrays and methods at the same time; combined array: according to the needs of the dynamic, static array or running queue to control the number of columns, segments
  • the control steps and methods for filling and merging arrays of traffic flow include chain shift and car-by-car control, which can be combined in stages or in sequence.
  • the net and follow-up arrays are: The control steps and methods of controlling the subsequent traffic flow to stand in the pre-order array hi and follow the array;
  • the combination / mixed array is: The control steps and methods of arranging traffic in the direction, queue, combination or mixed state, and these controls can be mutually linked.
  • the successive rotation array control is as follows: control ⁇ to the traffic flow or lanes, or to alternate lane-by-lane traffic in the formation area or in the convoy. The above system will be introduced and seen in succession.
  • Method A Staggered the two formations, if the straight line is the first line, the left and right turns are also the second line. Because the left and right-turning traffic does not cross at the same time, and the right-turning traffic has a smaller impact on non-motorized vehicles after passing straight ahead (at this time, the non-motorized direct-flow traffic has passed by in a group), the left and right-turning traffic generally It has a small flow and is easy to match. Therefore, the middle lane can be left-right or right-right and left and right common according to the ratio of left and right turn traffic rates. Although there are no cross conflicts for straight and right-phase releases, the difference in flow ratio is often large and it is not easy to match. Furthermore, right-turning motor vehicles and straight non-motor vehicles have cross conflicts. Therefore, straight and right motor vehicles should be avoided as much as possible. In many cases, they are released in phase.
  • the total number of vehicles in each direction (especially the most current) under the # ⁇ # control state should be greater than or equal to the number of vehicles as much as possible during the period:
  • QI ⁇ ( ⁇ A i * gi)> X s. That is, the ratio> 1, QI is the array of traffic in the I direction in the cycle, ⁇ is the sum of the array of traffic in the n direction in the I direction, ⁇ is the ⁇ * # array lane
  • the average array flow rate in the array control state i, gi is the array time in the array control state i, and ⁇ ⁇ is the number of vehicles arriving in the first direction of the traffic cycle period.
  • the so-called maximum pressure flow refers to the flow direction with the largest value of the incoming traffic flow rate ⁇ ⁇ / the number of corresponding lanes ⁇ . As shown in Figures 7 and 8, the straight line is the most streamlined. Due to the random fluctuation of the incoming traffic rate, the incoming traffic may be too concentrated in a short time, but the high-density current peaks can be averaged. Several cycles or a certain period of time can be selected instead of the cycle time (such as 5-30 minutes). Moreover, the alignment lanes and alignment time allocation of the traffic in each direction can be adjusted through control.
  • the left and right turn cars are lined up after they go straight, which is called a combined or complement.
  • the chain shift i array control is performed almost at the same time and takes less time. Basically, the time of the standing-up car immediately following the front-line tail car is in place, as shown in Figure 9.
  • the combined array can also be combined on a lane-by-lane basis. As shown in Figure 8, the left and right directions can be divided into segments at the same time, and the array can be combined successively through the pre-stop line.
  • the control scheme to solve the net flow can also include two lanes with maximum flow (straight) as the channel array, as shown in Figure 10. Either the left and right lanes will be restricted or they will line up in the same lane. If the most Ai £ flow is a left or right turn, a similar control scheme can be used, that is, a left or right turn is arranged in two lanes, as shown in Figure 11.
  • the middle lane is always occupied by straight cars.
  • the straight cars do not move, as shown in Figure 12 (the straight lanes can also have a certain order in lanes 1 and 3).
  • the method reduces the number of lanes to release during the left and right release phases, the total release flow on the section is reduced, but it is easier to control and manage.
  • the number of lanes available for formation increases, especially the increase in the number of lanes for the mainstream, which makes the increase in mainstream alignment capacity much larger than the increase in release, making it easier to arrange.
  • the ratio of straight lanes to release lanes is 2: 4, while for three lanes it is 1: 3.
  • One mainstream lane is added, and the array capacity is doubled.
  • Method B. 1 Release ability According to calculations, the method A ’s release capability is stronger than that of method A.
  • the diagram in line A can also be compared to: The six lanes of the method A and the two lanes are released at the same time, while the method B ’s two-way left and right turn phases are four ⁇ The lanes were released at the same time, and the capacity was significantly increased.
  • the array control methods for the three lanes of method B can be as follows: It can be seen that in this array control mode, the first array, the second array, and the last P array lanes are 3, 2, and 1, except for the array time.
  • the calculations of the queuing theory, wave theory, and traffic control are based on theoretical methods.
  • the capacity of method B is the same as that of method A, and it is slightly smaller, which can fully meet the actual traffic needs.
  • Sections with more than 3 lanes due to the larger lane change curves of the first and last arrays, more arrays of arrays, and longer and last arrays before arrays make it more difficult to arrange arrays.
  • Partial lanes can be used for the first and last arrays. In order to rank the ranks, join the difficulty or adjust the flow lane order, as shown in Figure 15 and Figure 16.
  • the difficulty of platoon formation control when the C method is more than 3 lanes is less than that of the B method, as shown in Figure 18 for the 4 lanes.
  • Method D refers to the principles of A, B, and C, and is not repeated here.
  • Two lanes use A, B, and C to control the three methods, which can be deduced by analogy of the three lanes principle.
  • Method A For example, going straight is the mainstream, occupying one car, and the left and right cars occupy the second line.
  • the straight and left and right cars take turns to obtain the signals of formation, and the total array capacity is equivalent to the one-lane continuous array capacity.
  • the array order can be reversed.
  • this control method can form a simultaneous array of two lanes with a large array capacity. It can be seen that in the A array of the two arrays, the fineness of the linear sequence is left and right Edinburgh If the left-turn or right-turn traffic is too large, you can use ii ⁇ or right-turn traffic to take the lead, and the remaining two-way traffic to take the second.
  • Method B As shown in Figure 20, the array order is left or right, straight, right, or left.
  • the traffic flow was arranged in a single lane in the last lane, then the first line was broken, and the second and last cars were combined to cycle.
  • the release capacity is also about 2 /: 3 of the release capacity of the three-lane section in Method B.
  • Method C For example, the mainstream always goes straight ahead, the left turns to use the second line, the right turns to use the third line, and the left lane uses the first lane as the passageway.
  • the second lane for transfer is first single row. When the second row is lined up, the second and third rows are combined. The cycle is the same.
  • the arrangement and combination methods are as shown in Figure 20 of Method B.
  • the total array capacity is also high. The same is true for a right-to-left straight sequence.
  • the release capacity is about 2/3.
  • the C method can have an evolution as shown in Figure 21. Straight, right, left, and left and right arrays and release sequences can prevent the flow direction from conflicting, effectively aligning the two-lane array and sharing the two-way traffic flow.
  • the two-way total flow rate ⁇ should be the array flow rate within the combined traffic flow array time. For this reason, another control principle is to rank two or three or one or three in a lane. This is similar to the situation where the other two-way traffic is combined in one lane.
  • the present invention includes other array control methods that are not listed in the A, B, C, and D modes and non-continuous array traffic.
  • the vehicles in one or more lanes are intermittently / increasingly participating, or the vehicles of different directions and lanes are not participating in equal frequency to participate in the array traffic control loop (such as a certain flow direction, accumulating two-cycle release once); such as discontinuous array traffic control, as shown a, b, c, d (the control principles are similar, others are not the same as "" (listing).
  • discontinuous release it may be possible to add phase loss time, long array time, low efficiency, and timing with cross phase. There are many problems when coordinating with non-motor vehicles, but sometimes the control is simpler.
  • the vehicle or road load control device instructs to induce traffic flow to conduct the array (including the incomplete array in front of the intersection), and Try to pass in sequence without stopping.
  • the running car array can be loosened first, not a strict square array, and a better array will be formed when the intersection is reached.
  • the dynamic alignment during road section travel can also be regarded as a relatively static fixed-area method while moving, so the release capacity is the same as the fixed-area method (no start-up delays, large distances between vehicles in operation, and faster passing speeds).
  • Array capacity because it is performed during the movement of the road section, the distance between the vehicles is large, and the lane change is easy. There is no clear limit on the array cycle. As long as the road section is long enough, the control speed is appropriate and it can be completed. .
  • the operation misalignment array control is a technical point for improving the efficiency of the operation array in the present invention, such as the number of diverted cars in each array that can be obtained through inspection / monitoring, beacons, etc. Flexible determination of the wrong spray sequence.
  • the head and tail car can be maintained in the upright position when the array position is to be set. It can also be equipped with distance markings and markings similar to expressways.
  • the dynamic alignment of the road section during travel includes control methods such as split-to-back, hybrid array, and misalignment control.
  • road cutoffs and time divisions based on the number of vehicles can be used. Or, it can be divided into groups with more concentrated traffic (the team may have uneven numbers of cars, and the release signals can be adjusted accordingly). But all need monitoring, induction, communication and other devices and technical support.
  • when the passing flow at a certain point reaches a predetermined value, the control system determines the separation of the tail car and performs control induction (such as sending a deceleration signal to the vehicle behind the tail car through the vehicle or road-mounted device) to form a traffic flow interval;
  • Measured by more than two inspection / monitoring devices with obvious density intervals (vehicle groups may have certain clock requirements, not 5 ⁇ ⁇ or too small), make sure the vehicle is controlled by ⁇ ⁇ distance;
  • C the first two In combination, if a certain number of vehicles is measured, if there are more dense traffic in the future, if the fiber permits, the subsequent traffic may be appropriately included, and it is confirmed when there is an interval ⁇ t; for another example, when the densely divided car group is smaller, Can follow up part of the traffic flow and monitor and control the quantity;
  • Dynamic array control for fixed area and road section travel alternately. This kind of control is relatively easy to apply. It can be alternately performed in different time periods according to the traffic flow changes and the traffic conditions such as the length and speed of the road. For example, if the traffic flow from the upstream is small, the travel array will be completed within a limited length of the road.
  • Array control includes abnormal intersections, single-line intersections, and only one vehicle array.
  • the array control area moves upstream, borrowing lanes, non-motorized lanes, some intersection space, highways, roundabouts, ramps, and cannot be closed closer. Adjacent intersections, temporary arrays, multiple or lack of flow direction, vehicle array, phase, right turn has been passing or borrowing and other various control methods.
  • Array control of abnormal intersections such as T-junctions is easier because of less flow direction.
  • the control principle of the array of other abnormal intersections such as the five forks is similar, and can be controlled according to the intersection structure, flow, and flow direction;
  • the array control is easier; if there is only one vehicle array control; if borrowing the phase, right-turn vehicles are allowed to pass freely, and only part of the flow direction such as left turn, left and straight array control is shown in Figure 26 ; For example, if the traffic flow is arranged in certain lanes or queues in a periodical manner, as shown in Figure 27; If the array area is moved upstream, the release can be advanced to form a dynamic vehicle array for continuous release control, the vehicle array can run at a higher speed This helps to improve signal utilization through the intersection.
  • Borrowing has control options for traffic lanes: In the case of no isolation facilities or openings, traffic in a certain direction or in certain lanes or at a certain point or point can be induced or controlled automatically according to preset or inductive control signals. During the period of normal traffic, some of the reverse lanes are used to line up, such as the time-borrowed part of the opposite lane.
  • left-turn (or other direction) traffic can be borrowed in accordance with the control guidance signal to borrow part of the reverse lane, as shown in Figure 43/44, when the phase control sequence is from right to left, east Turn left at the intersection to borrow a reverse lane (may be appropriate at the center line; ⁇ 1/3, 1 / 2—or more or at the intersection, a guideway or other guide markings, signs, installations and facilities) .
  • the borrowing period should be calculated or sensed in advance, and it should not affect the normal traffic flow, as shown in Figure 29 and Figure 71.
  • non-motorized vehicles when borrowing the most recent (partial or residual) non-motorized lane or motorized lane (determined according to the presence or absence of non-motorized vehicles), the control of non-motorized vehicles can be coordinated with the same borrowing or secondary miscellaneous methods.
  • borrowing lane control can also advance to the previous intersection (such as a motorized vehicle that will turn left at the next intersection, through the «(some) lanes, turn left on the same road, phase 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇ dedicated to non-motorized lanes Turn left on the lane).
  • Corresponding control and indicating devices and facilities shall be provided. Borrowing reverse lanes improves lane flexibility Utilization, reducing the difficulty and length of the array.
  • Temporary alignment control options If the direction of the lane allows, when certain vehicles or vehicles are not arriving or temporarily needed, the detection of real-time control or timing signal control will be used to control the speed of the incoming vehicles or temporarily block the original For oncoming vehicles, such lanes will be adjusted to other oncoming traffic phases (such as when the left or right-turn lane is idle or there are fewer vehicles)
  • a certain lane is a bus-only lane to control the position and status of the bus queue, as well as the array control in the bus priority scheme.
  • the intersection can be retained, the area of the area can be extended, and the corresponding releases, arrays, combinations, and related control devices and procedures can be adjusted or added.
  • the steps must also take into account the interruption and delay factors of the array formation, the traffic at the intersection and the array formation. Although slightly complicated, the principles are similar.
  • the formation array and the convergence speed prompt speed the vehicle approaching the intersection at a set distance (there can be multiple locations) prompt the vehicle not to stop at the induced speed through the intersection, forming a green
  • the prompt speed of the wave needs to correspond to the signal control system approaching the intersection.
  • Array control is applicable to at least two non-motorized lanes at sections or intersections Lanes, various phase control methods, left and right lanes and single lane traffic are available.
  • the steps of controlling vehicle array include:
  • Vehicles in a certain direction, lane or section or point x Vehicles in a certain direction, lane or section or point x:
  • Step yl Set the direction of fe, including direction, bidirectional, joint, 3 ⁇ 4, pitch, position, secret, lane adjustment, status, and information control options to induce control or assist / automatic control;
  • Step y2 Put through f fe to perform instructions including direction, split, merge, split / combine control points, «, spacing, position,, lane adjustment, status, information control options, induction control or auxiliary / automatic control, control Vehicles ⁇ formation area or a position inside or outside the convoy;
  • Step y2 + n' Control the vehicle through directions including direction, split, merge, split / combine control points, «spacing, position, lane adjustment, status, information control options 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ formation area or another position in or outside the convoy, n is an integer> 0, that is, step y2 + n is 0 or several steps after y2;
  • the control steps for vehicles in other directions or lanes or at a certain point or point are the same as above.
  • vehicles in each direction or lane, or at each point The steps of the array control step overlap at least for a certain period of time.
  • the steps are sequentially looped.
  • Arrangement and combination can have control options;
  • Array control includes array equalization control: that is, how to make the arrays tidy, the length of each array as equal as possible, or the same as long as the travel time is the same, improve the utilization of the release signal and the utilization of the lane space, and reduce the uncoordinated array traffic (such as The tail of a certain column has a long tail) and the green letter air consumption, there are options: including array balance of single-port and different imported vehicle arrays, array channel and array volume distribution balance, A: array balance in static and dynamic operation Control, calculate and preset (can be modified) the signal control time of each array according to the flow and traffic flow models, or calculate the cumulative queue length of vehicles entering each array through real-time monitoring (different vehicle types have different lengths) for comparison Schedule and program guide the short train of vehicles, or use CCD technology (CCD video camera sensing, etc.) to detect the installation of the ft3 ⁇ 4 technology, monitor the length of each array and traffic conditions, and perform array equalization control induction.
  • array equalization control that is, how to make the arrays
  • B Induced equilibrium. Due to the difference in vehicle operation, even if the team length is equalized, the release time of the top column may be different.
  • the balance of the final release time of each array can be controlled in a form of speed induction by checking / monitoring each array, especially the tailcar evacuation conduction «, emission operation «, or the length change of the array, after calculation and program call, or by CCD camera Detection and decoration technology such as induction, monitor the length change and traffic flow of each array «, and induce the dynamic control of the array through induction, etc., effective assistance and supplement to kill the array balance, can also be applied separately;
  • C M ⁇ Follow-up and phase green letters are continuous, and several consecutive car arrays can be used as m.
  • Control of continuous follow-up and phase green letters can be continuous (with a short interval);
  • D Balanced split flow or timing, a certain direction in a certain period Or when an array is too large to control, balance and divide the flow or signal timing, control the excess flow in the road section by running or parking queuing control first, and match the subsequent cycle flow;
  • E Array combination, control array Reasonably combine arrays to achieve array balance. For example, when multiple lanes are aligned in the same direction (e.g., only some of the lanes need to be combined), the multi-lane array array and balance Problem of matrix array;
  • F The above technologies are combined with each other.
  • the flow order is based on the array, and the array order is arranged from front to back;
  • the array lane order is arranged in sequence from the farthest other lane to this lane (also can be changed according to requirements) (Also if adjusted immediately, alternately, or by far change); c rate I follow, d.
  • traffic should be diverted as early as possible before the array and when it is arrayed (not divided) Will be compulsorily discharged with the traffic flow, as is the case with conventional control) or directional arrays, to ensure that the array is arranged in advance or a reasonable far-away array curve in order to avoid the situation where vehicles ca n’t completely leave the lane without Ht, e .
  • Large vehicles preferentially choose their own lanes and adjacent lanes, that is, under the condition of ensuring a safe distance for diverting lanes, try to use the original lane and adjacent lanes as much as possible to reduce the lane change of large vehicles, such as through inspection / monitoring and signal prompt control; f.
  • Emergency control when it is extremely accidental (very small) that the vehicle is not cleaned or the vehicle is blocked by the accident after the control (combinable) that guarantees the cleaning is released, such as automatic adjustment through inspection / monitoring, Or the remote control or manual control signal instructs to temporarily close the blocked lane, and at the same time make other corresponding row and discharge control adjustments, and then recover after the blocked vehicle is eliminated; or directly switch to conventional control.
  • the dynamic travel of the road section also has control options:, distance maintenance and guidance instructions.
  • the vehicle runs according to the speed, distance instructions and information provided by the array control, and is formed by automatic detection and maintenance technology or visual recognition.
  • Array b. Try to form a formation
  • C Change lanes and camera principles, in order to reduce the risk of running «In addition to the control guidance instructions, vehicles must change the road to give action signals in advance, and the camera, especially in the control guidance When there is a deviation from the instruction; d.
  • Dynamic alignment is interlocking, when no alignment is needed and other special circumstances, you should try to keep the vehicle in front, even forward and backward; e.
  • the integrated array also has control options: a. Array array control is given priority. When the team approaches the guidance area and array area, no matter what the array status is, Fixed-area control, even if the front and rear controls are not uniform, b. Safe shifting, and it is necessary to control the safe deceleration or stopping during the state transition of the array.
  • the control device of the present invention has a backup conventional control state and a timing scheme to store modification and call execution functions (or separate control devices), which can be detected according to preset or real time
  • the flexible conversion of conventional control and array control is realized by calling or switching.
  • the all-red emptying method commonly used in signal control can be avoided. If you switch from conventional control to combination array control, you can use methods such as allowing some traffic or some arrays to push and evacuate (such as the first array to follow, while other traffic is temporarily banned from entering the array) (or preset comparison Short interruption or deceleration control).
  • the instruction-inducing display device can be started sequentially or simultaneously according to a certain program, or change the state or content (there should be a prompt before conversion, such as flashing), as shown in Figure 31.
  • the transition from array control to conventional control is generally easier. It can be started at a certain point in a certain array cycle and instructed to induce the display device to be turned off sequentially or simultaneously according to a certain procedure, or to change the state or content ( There may be a prompt before the conversion, such as flashing), as shown in Figure 32.
  • Different array array control schemes have different specific modes and should be mastered flexibly. Control switching can also include array arrays with variable graticules and corresponding transformations of flags (such as the presence of sub-arrays and induced graticules). In the event of a power outage, consider designing an emergency power supply and over-controlling the signal to a conventional or human-controlled state.
  • lane change conversion functions or Separate control device
  • a variable sign or information display device with this function and a speed induction device (or function) that may be used can be set on the upstream section.
  • the length of each array can be: The corresponding period of each direction (including multi-directional) traffic flow in each area of the control plan, especially the maximum or suitable length of trains allowed during peak hours and the safety distance of lane change when necessary. And, or flexibly determined according to control requirements and road and traffic conditions. Fixed area array control. Take the 3-lane A method as an example, as shown in Figure 7/8.
  • the length of the first array L array 1 the flow direction in the first array (such as going straight) the peak time of the traffic flow reaches the equivalent number of passenger cars in the corresponding period q / the number of lanes n (rounded) x L average headway parking distance + (L Ann).
  • the required longitudinal length L of the vehicle lane change curve shall be calculated based on the turning requirements of the largest vehicle passing.
  • L array 2 L1
  • L Ann + L2
  • the first mainstream mainstream car is connected to the second car array and the remaining length of the second row, when the first (When the traffic flow is large, you can consider using it when you need to increase the formation time).
  • the calculation principle of the second car array is the same as that of the first one, but the left and right two-way traffic is first lined up and then combined. It may be caused by the way of the two-way traffic combination lane allocation. The length of each lane is different, and the maximum value in the combined array control scheme shall prevail.
  • the safety of the array can be set at 1/3 of the peak direction * T week / 3600 * L average car distance) to adapt to the change of the small flow array length. If it is a double-row array, the high-flow lane can be set at 1/3 ( ⁇ peak * T week / 3600 * L average car distance), and the small flow can be set at 2/3 ( ⁇ peak * T week / 3600 * L Average car distance).
  • Chain shifting shift parking spaces can be zoned slightly wider and wider towards the combined lane.
  • the team leader should be able to accommodate at least the longest car in use (such as an articulated bus 18 meters). This parking space can be marked at the end of the team so that the driver can intuitively determine the capacity of the last parking space and swap Lane.
  • the length of the array should not be too long.
  • the control method is to reduce the signal period and the release time. In other cases, the design principle of the array length is the same.
  • Dynamic alignment during road section travel relatively long-term variable values such as P length, and 3 ⁇ 4 * display carrier, which can be implemented by technologies such as detection, induction, and distance detection and maintenance.
  • the length of the P model is variable, in which the average head-to-tail distance ⁇ is a value in a certain area, which should be a safe distance corresponding to the driving speed (refer to the relevant conventional earning). If there is technical support for distance detection and maintenance, the distance can be adjusted smaller.
  • lane change safety zones because they should be longer in operation can be implemented accordingly.
  • FIG. 33 a structure example of a fixed area array control i is introduced; an example of a fixed area array simulation control program is introduced with reference to Fig. 38; an example of the working principle of the fixed area array control system is shown with reference to Fig. 39; an array is described with reference to Fig. 40 Controller structure, principle, working block diagram example.
  • FIG. 41 an example of the principle structure of the fixed area array / information display device will be described; referring to FIG. 42, an example of the fixed area array instruction display will be described.
  • the array control has invisible or tangible array areas / lines, guide areas / lines, safe lane change areas / lines, guide areas / lines, shift areas / lines, related signs, markings, and setting and display. Or fixed or changed.
  • the original parking line at the intersection can be extended backwards from the end line (in some cases, it can also be inside the intersection.
  • guide the left-turning vehicle to clear the lanes in the neutral area of the intersection when the road is in the straight phase), and let the straight-line vehicles borrow for release.
  • it can be divided into several (one or more) zones (including the borrowed local and opposite machines, non-car i), such as the first zone ... N zone, and the last zone can also be called The last zone, the number and combination of zones required under different circumstances can be different.
  • Each array can be side by side, can be connected along the road in sequence, can overlap and overlap, and can be offset.
  • each array can be displayed individually or in conjunction with traffic signs, markings, and signal information devices.
  • Lane lines, sub-lines, and isolation facilities on both sides of the zone can also be considered as different colors (for example, when the array signal indicates the direction, in order to prevent the queued vehicles from changing randomly, it can also be changed ⁇ : The line is yellow);.
  • the end of the array extends upstream to the vehicle's divergent guidance area (also known as the lane change induction safety area, such as the blue area or a progressive yellow dotted line, a square / 3 ⁇ 4 / circle, etc.), or also Simple pre-stop lines (such as single, double yellow or blue dashed lines) can be considered. If necessary, the guidance area and the pre-stop line can be misaligned.
  • the guidance area can serve as a safety buffer for P-based induction and provide possible emergence. It is better than the function of the line because it can prevent the parking delay of the double or double parking line and the driver's mishandling due to insufficient preparation. If there is no pre-stop line, it can be displayed and controlled (such as setting markers, signal control devices, etc.) with the indication (display) signs and signal devices of the guide array.
  • the non-motorized isolation and center isolation facilities or markings must be cut off and marked to allow passage on the borrowed road.
  • Lane function division According to the array control scheme, C, the distribution of lanes and the division of functions, and try to follow the regular lane order (it can also be adjusted different from traditional habits). Array lanes are determined according to flow, flow direction, cross-section lanes, exit registration, array control methods and requirements, etc. This also applies to comprehensive and dynamic arrays.
  • the safe lane changing area (referred to as the safety lane changing area) is best to be marked with a yellow warning line, which is equivalent to the form and function of the existing no-stop parking zone.
  • the control or design of the safe lane changing area can be indicated or controlled by array signals or information, or the vehicle will not appear in the safe lane changing area by means of inspection / monitoring, signal control design or array length ⁇ t
  • the left-turn traffic flow in a single row indicates that parking in a safe lane change area is prohibited, or through inspection / monitoring and signal design to control the traffic flow in the guidance area or pre-stop before it may occupy the safe lane change area
  • the lane change area (forbidden stop) When the lane change area (forbidden stop) is at the end of the array, it can be considered as the net H # position of the last vehicle, so the lane change area is fully utilized and the array length can be shortened. Guiding markings such as other lane changing curves, shifting curves, and dividing lanes in advance can be used to indicate the blue color. In addition, it can cooperate to set the sub-area and various markings. Such as f3 ⁇ 4jfl convex Longhe line. The guide and marking lines can be drawn longer to suit the driver's sight.
  • variable line or variable indicator display device with obvious color difference contrast (at this time you can (No special markings are provided), such as magnetic nails, cables, and marker tapes that can be inductively identified; slot markers or ground-emitting reflective equipment and materials; such as array signal devices directly in front of the array.
  • variable array and guidance area such as movable or transmission display, such as the ground and underground light-emitting and reflective devices that can be moved or transmitted «( Some visible light and its light-receiving or luminescent substances (including «, etc.) that can be reflected or glowed during the day and night and easy to identify;
  • the signal device (including the array, combined array, induction prompt and information display device mentioned later) can be an electronic or «device such as an electro-optical signal pixel panel in the form of a non-traditional signal" lamp ", which can be a group or multiple Multi-directional combination (one-way display or multi-directional combination display) or a combination of several lane signals, which can be set up alone or combined with other devices, including directions, array traffic and control status, information and other graphic display formats, and has direction , Junction, lane adjustment, alignment and traffic indication induction, induction, status and information, non-control control and other control display options, which can be set on road sections, guide zones, formation zones, home or opposite entrance roads, parking Lines, intersection centers, and other easy-to-observe locations can be set at the parking line or some lanes, including borrowed opposite lanes, corresponding to each lane or several lanes.
  • the non-motorized vehicle release signal device can be correspondingly It can also be integrated with the
  • Row and array signal devices (optional).
  • arrays, arrays, and other instruction-inducing devices similar to the aforementioned release signal devices can be set at appropriate easy-to-remove positions such as the guidance area, front of the array, or sideways or the ground.
  • the foregoing release signal device can display information content such as the status of the array and the array arrangement scheme.
  • the formation, combination, start or stop control of each vehicle in the zone can be instructed or combined by the release signal and the formation array signal device.
  • the left side of the second array can see the release signal device or the formation array signal device.
  • Signal display avoidance control above the road, side, ground and guardrail, isolation «set display device to achieve multi-mobile display, or use vehicle display control.
  • the detector / monitor can be set at the measuring points of row, close and release. Such as the guide area, # / side in the lane change area, near the front / back end of the battlefield, near the release parking line, etc., such as pre-checking / monitoring the pre-arrangement traffic flow, the length of the queued position outside the line may be gathered, The position is related to the timing of the formation of queued traffic in a fixed period.
  • the inspection / monitoring content can include the number of cars, vehicle length / width, location, direction, etc., such as inspection / monitoring comparison (separation) 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ # array and the number of vehicles passed by the vehicle, vehicle model, 3 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 4, cumulative length, so as to judge the release , Row / discharge status, etc. This includes inspecting / monitoring buses.
  • array fixed-point detection such as a number of point setting detectors, such as zones, lane changing zones, and the last parking space in the array.
  • Can have manual or signal activation function can be combined with application systems such as
  • AUT02003V automatic vehicle identification (such as AVI), automatic vehicle classification (such as AVC).
  • Information induction (acoustic, visual) device (optional).
  • Display technologies such as LCD, CRT, LEO, optical fiber, pixel plate, and the latest optical mirror reflection can be applied to array control display.
  • Information should be provided on flow, speed, lane change status, borrowed lanes, etc. For example, it can automatically change the counter balance and information displayed on the array graphic text.
  • the array display device should be capable of being programmed and controlled, storing and transmitting array navigation related data, schemes and codes (encoding technology can reduce the amount of data). It can be activated and transmitted (code) technology by radio waves to realize the change of display status and content. , Or display via mobile communication technology.
  • the directional communication technology can be used to provide communication instructions only to vehicles at specific array positions.
  • Array information can be transmitted and received through visualization devices and audio devices.
  • Voice-assisted response (such as turning left and right, changing lane prompts).
  • the in-vehicle display device can be located in a suitable position of the windshield without affecting sight and safety, and the "flat display” in the aviation field can be considered to pay more attention to image display technology and devices, or to "glasses" display.
  • Array control beacons have multiple functions such as detection (monitoring) and communication. There are location beacons; information beacons; two-way communication beacons. Its sensors can have manual or signal activation. Functions include ⁇ input of parking space and destination information, array alignment and control adjustment; vehicle identification; intelligent signal control. As detailed traffic information is available, it can support the automatic generation of graphic text content for signal control.
  • the media wireless (Radio, light wave, microwave, etc.) Yes.
  • radio beacons optical beacons
  • FM multi-frequency broadcasting two-way mobile communication technologies (such as CDMA with large transmission capacity, strong anti-interference and other advantages) and paging systems can also be applied.
  • Road-to-vehicle communication in array control such as RVC technology in ITS, such as FM multi-frequency, wireless and optical media beacons, car phones and mobile phones. Can be divided into intermittent and continuous. Intermittent communication is more taught in the present invention.
  • Vehicle-to-vehicle communication in array control such as IVC, which realizes an orderly array and driving by mutually transmitting driving data.
  • IVC array control
  • Array positioning, navigation, and track induction identification devices (optional).
  • CCD image processing technology identification of traffic lanes, array-related guidance lines, L-A, lane outside lanes, etc.
  • LCX instructions transmitted by LCX to control other trailers of the fleet head car
  • magnetic leakage coaxial cables GPS, GIS , Embedded magnetic nails and magnetic field detection sensors, wall (guardrail) 3 ⁇ 4 emitters and LIDAR, road paving guidance (guide light) systems, etc., as well as the navigation technology of the US LCS, can be used in the present invention.
  • beacons / ranging For vehicle positioning in array control, technologies such as beacons / ranging, radio navigation, track estimation, and Cellular Digitization (CDPD) can be used.
  • the track inference algorithm can be combined with the "map check” technology. Signals are transmitted in the 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ domain or «begin to guess the position.
  • Array navigation can use traffic information to calculate the best driving and emission routes. It can also use GPS, track estimation and positioning systems, and traffic information transmitted by the traffic control center in the navigation device (a combination of fixed information and transmission information), or The traffic control center directly calculates and calculates the navigation route, and displays it exclusively. It can also have functions such as location positioning (checking). Array route guidance can be displayed with sound and graphic text symbols (such as intersection maps and array schemes, line enlargement, etc.), dynamic (real-time array route guidance), and static. Both are OK.
  • Control processing may include driving
  • Array control processing and driving devices can be one or more groups, can be set alone or combined with other devices, can be independent devices, can be dedicated devices or integrated devices or central control processing system, can be a number of traditional control processing devices The combination or improvement of traditional or dedicated or improved devices, points, lines, and surfaces are available; there can be array traffic control simulation, prediction, optimization, intelligence and other functional options; array control disposal should have conventional functions and arrays
  • array control program / timing function there can be release control program / timing, array release program / timing model, time period and phase division, array display / information induction, lane adjustment and control state conversion, ripple change, etc. Feature options.
  • There may be controls such as bus priority, accident inspection / monitoring, and emissions estimation.
  • Control decisions and emission route calculations can be divided into central and terminal decisions.
  • the control signal (such as the period) can be changed during the control period, and the interval can be optimized.
  • RT-TRACS real-time traffic variable signal control technology
  • the control system can flexibly reflect the current array status of the traffic network (at each intersection). It consists of many real-time control models under different traffic conditions. Each function remains optimal. When the status is given, the control status can automatically change the control technology of the discharge signal. Simulation prediction can also be added, as shown in Figure 38, and learning, graphic recognition and other functions, and emergency and hedging technology. Assisted driving, priority control technology. It is possible to set up similar or non-similar SCOO and SCAT control processing systems (including fixed area, road section operation, and integrated array control) with array traffic control as shown in Figure 39.
  • a dedicated signal controller can be designed to control, and at conditional intersections, the central (intelligent) control system (such as SCAT and SCOOT, etc.) can be used to implement detection and command according to special setting procedures; or Simply connect two or more multi-time signal controllers that control the release, array, and array respectively through the time base, and realize unified control of rows, arrays, and arrays.
  • the structural principle and main working procedure of the array control dedicated signal controller can be initially designed as shown in Figure 40 (It can be the array and the control structure have functions or only the former. B, Q, D, M, P, H, N, K The other parts are optional.
  • the state transition in M includes adjustment of the array order. When accidents such as night traffic accidents cannot be controlled by array, the standby control method is invoked, which is usually conventional control).
  • Array parking detection and driving wire detection can be used, for example: CCD image processing technology, detection of embedded guide wires (such as cables) and magnetic nail technology, radio wave marking tape, LCX, side walls (guardrail) and reflectors and LIDAR and other technologies can be combined with horizontal lane technology.
  • Detection and array related content road status (road boundary, shape, pavement status, alignment-related markings), traffic status (flow, flow direction, velocity, array, signal, sign), etc.
  • Ultrasonic detection technology and devices such as vehicle distance and back-up detector; Lidar vehicle distance detection technology and device; Adaptive cruise control technology and device LIDAR (detecting vehicle distance); Infrared wave radio adaptive control technology and device RADAR.
  • Front, side, rear, and omnidirectional positioning detection can use short-range directivity lasers and millimeter waves. Cameras and radars can also be used in combination with automatic escape control devices to determine front and rear conditions, detect free lanes or The array is vacant and the vehicle speed is controlled. In addition, the entire method of confirming the position of the own vehicle can be transmitted through communication between vehicles. AVCS can be combined with advanced vehicle control.
  • the platoon driving control can obtain the information of the Ministry of Vehicles through one or both sensors in the vehicle or the infrastructure to achieve array control: acceleration, deceleration, braking, steering, lane change, display, etc., which can be regarded as vehicle-mounted Drive control automatically executes the drive.
  • Guided technologies such as laying lead cables for steering control; such as road side walls, three-sided right-angle prisms, magnetic nails, etc .; such as self-disciplined technologies that use vision technology (a vision system that combines cameras and computers); such as Off vision and push Horizontal control technology for measuring position; such as setting lane marking control technology; such as ACC technology that combines vehicle distance detection and automatic speed regulation; such as vertical distance control using vehicle distance radar and workshop communication, which keeps the vehicle distance short, such as Related technologies in ITS.
  • vision technology a vision system that combines cameras and computers
  • Off vision and push Horizontal control technology for measuring position
  • setting lane marking control technology such as ACC technology that combines vehicle distance detection and automatic speed regulation
  • vertical distance control using vehicle distance radar and workshop communication which keeps the vehicle distance short, such as Related technologies in ITS.
  • Fixed area array control can also be controlled by on-board (in-vehicle signal indication, row / release control processing, positioning and navigation, automatic / assisted driving, etc.) devices. It can be combined with on-board and on-road devices without using or using on-road signal devices.
  • on-board in-vehicle signal indication, row / release control processing, positioning and navigation, automatic / assisted driving, etc.
  • the above devices can be used in a flexible combination, including adding on-vehicle or on-road arrays and release control equipment without or without road-borne signal devices, such as bicycles (## vehicles according to relevant arrangements Information calculation and processing for row / release control) or multiple vehicles (for point, line, and area vehicles based on unified calculation and processing of related row / release information for multi-vehicle row / release control) array control processing equipment, in-vehicle signals / information indication Positioning and navigation, automatic / assisted driving, road parking detection and other devices.
  • road-borne signal devices such as bicycles (## vehicles according to relevant arrangements Information calculation and processing for row / release control) or multiple vehicles (for point, line, and area vehicles based on unified calculation and processing of related row / release information for multi-vehicle row / release control) array control processing equipment, in-vehicle signals / information indication Positioning and navigation, automatic / assisted driving, road parking detection and other devices.
  • various types of intelligent transportation systems can be established with array control as the content, including adaptive, intelligent, expert, fuzzy, neural, and various control modes applied to traffic control.
  • the on-board / vehicle array and release signal devices and other display-inducing devices involved in the present invention can be improved versions of traditional devices; they can be new devices, and they can be electro-optical signal pixel panels in the form of non-traditional signal "lights".
  • Other forms of electronic or fiber devices projection and search-type signaling devices, drum-type, rotary-type, curtain-type and other mechanical or electronic combined devices), such as panel-embedded lamps, or Tap-and-assemble devices for directions, lanes, status, and information prompts.
  • Including array / information controller and array / information graphics / text generator and other conventional devices / components of display induction device can be one or more groups, can be set alone or combined with other devices, with direction, row
  • the mode and control status, information, map, and text of the array are displayed, and there are divergent, directional, lane mark pairs (such as lane number mark pairs) and adjustments (including traditional or non-traditional sequences, except for the examples in the text).
  • the directions are alternated: left, straight, left, straight, straight, right, straight, right), formation and traffic instructions induction, induction (such as rain, snow, ice, night conditions) Deceleration, P 3 ⁇ 4 prompt control), status and information, machine control, and other control display options, such as speed (deceleration) prompt and advance direction prompt control before approaching the array.
  • the direction display includes one-way, multi-way, cross-direction, sub-direction, and orientation.
  • Various options include the real-time array / combination status of the array, vacancy status, operating status, and the status of each array increase / decrease. Decreasing time display (digital or graphic).
  • the display device can be set in the car or on the road section, the guide zone, the front zone, the home or opposite entrance road, the easy-to-observe position of the intersection center, and it can be set corresponding to each lane or several lanes.
  • the display device can be stored in multiple schemes or temporarily changed or controlled by the central system.
  • the color, shape, content, and position of the signal display can be flexibly determined by referring to relevant standards, requirements, and principles. It can be fixed and changeable, and the control conversion can be manual, automatic, dynamic, and static. It also includes audio and non-traditional display forms. Such as increasing or decreasing the dynamic display array, the length and condition of the row of cars; such as the array and traffic state control flow chart in the present invention, examples of display graphics and display legends or derivative legends can also be used as display design patterns.
  • the traffic condition data such as traffic flow obtained by inspection (monitoring) detectors, beacons, etc.
  • the signal indication function in the present invention has outstanding induction function and strong JI continuity. It is not necessary to use the traditional red, yellow, and green signals. For example, in the release control, 4 meshes are continuous, and it is not necessary to cycle each red signal (or yellow Signal) process. Other traditional or non-transmission devices can also be added, such as special remote position, row, and combination sensors. These new functions expand its scope, such as speed regulation induction of a single lane (such as predetermined sensitive limit display, radar automatic speed display or other speed limit settings such as transmission display) and traffic information display control; such as lanes Modulation and alignment control.
  • speed regulation induction of a single lane such as predetermined sensitive limit display, radar automatic speed display or other speed limit settings such as transmission display
  • traffic information display control such as lanes Modulation and alignment control.
  • an instruction induction and control device may also be provided at the isolation zone and the isolation barrier. Outside the parking line, you can also consider using the ground to move or signal display. Machines and non-signal control devices can be combined and single-pointed.
  • the facilities and facilities (such as the array area, guidance area, safe lane change area, signs, markings, signal control devices, etc.) in the case of roundabouts and borrowing traffic lanes, non-lane lanes, etc. are set according to the above principles.
  • Dynamic arrays in the operation of road sections require high safety and control accuracy. Therefore, there are technologies and equipment for detection (monitoring), (information) display induction, communication, parking space detection, driving control, track determination induction, and control processing. Certain requirements. The more technology and equipment, the more accurate the dynamic array control is, the easier and safer it is.
  • Figure 43 lists some technical equipment that can be applied, and the in-vehicle equipment is omitted. Some settings are optional. For example, only the directional line, the distance line, the detector (monitoring), and the array information induction board, calculated by the control system (or according to the storage) according to the flow of the directional flow detected after the directional direction. Send out array guidance information and instructions (such as tt, vehicle distance, array order, array dynamic graphics, misalignment mode, etc.) displayed in the array array, and the running vehicle (driver) performs dynamic array array accordingly.
  • array guidance information and instructions such as tt, vehicle distance, array order, array dynamic graphics, misalignment mode, etc.
  • Integrated array control 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇ Structure and preparation In the integrated array, traffic signs, markings, isolations, devices, and other settings are prepared, which can be adjusted according to their own characteristics, combined with the settings in the fixed area and operating dynamic array.
  • Array control uses timing, induction, adaptive, traffic response, intelligent and other control methods.
  • array control signal timing and program parameter setting including combining or establishing array control (periodical reduction ij at timing)
  • Various types of existing control technologies such as green wave, early break or early start, such as some or all dynamic and comprehensive array green waves, such as array signal coordination (green wave) control
  • the timing of the control signal can be determined ⁇ first, then the timing of the array, first the timing of the array, then the timing, coordinated optimization, and prediction mode.
  • the release control can be extended or modified as necessary.
  • the timing of the traditional control model or the array control model can be determined by the array control model, and the coordination of the release and array signal timing can be determined according to the control requirements.
  • the green time of each phase plus 2s is 38s> 35s, 30s, 32s.
  • L total 146m.
  • some array lengths can be scaled back and canceled.
  • the length of the right-turn array can be the same as the length of the left-turn array.
  • the ratio of T to the flow and the channel of the array Q / ⁇ n should be basically proportional (the assembly wave, evacuation wave, and normal random traffic flow rate are different and adjustable).
  • the timing chart of the array release of each port can be combined into a comprehensive timing chart of the intersection, which is omitted.
  • each lane should be timed separately, including the segmentation method. The same can be merged, and each timed cycle can overlap or it can be cycled sequentially.
  • the timing and design procedures should be adjusted accordingly, such as designing timing or combining inspection / monitoring with the subdivision of the traffic flow rate.
  • Note 3 The principle is the same when a certain area (or import) is arrayed in a fixed area and controlled in a non-fixed area, as shown in Figure 46-2 and Figure 53-2.
  • a certain area or import
  • Figure 46-2 and Figure 53-2 When the asymmetric lanes are lined up (as shown in the second lane of Figure 45), there may be a prompt message (arrow thickness, text) indicating the heavy flow lane, and the traffic flow will gradually become familiar with the heavy flow lane.
  • the timing of the phase signals may be alternate cycles in different orders.
  • the signal control can be combined with the fixed area, dynamic array control mode, and traffic flow operation model, and the vehicle or road-borne device can be used to calculate, display, or automatically control the vehicle's operation array traffic.
  • release signal Generally, the release signal of dynamic array can adopt adaptive monitoring control.
  • Adaptive control mode monitoring and sensing control of the release signal, according to the number of vehicles determined by the dynamic arrangement, the composition of the array and the operating conditions, the control model predicts and calculates the release phase time to which it is adapted (this time is mainly It is performed by measuring the time difference between the first and last vehicles leaving the parking line, etc.) The starting point of the phase is based on the end point of the last phase calculated based on the monitoring.
  • the starting point of this phase will also be adjustable (monitor some time in advance to adjust the response adjustment time And final trailer monitoring), the end time of this phase should be the time when the new starting point affects the speed of the alighting array (possible to stop) and the passing time of the rear vehicle after the formation changes.
  • the optional control program diagram is shown in Figure 54.
  • Phased control mode According to historical data, calculate a certain preset ⁇ , preset release phase timing in the formation state (basically: L maximum array length / V release speed + + positive, with design margin And then determine the range of vehicles to run and arrange accordingly, and by induction, make the vehicle approach and pass the intersection at a preset time. Including some (such as vertical) phase can also be used here, conventional control.
  • Traffic response mode According to the input information that reflects the current traffic conditions such as the array formation, it responds to achieve the array formation control of road sections and intersections.
  • the general inputs are: A: Forecast of the future array array traffic situation: A. Flow obtained by the system detector *: The flow direction data predicts the future array array and release situation. B: Moving car Dog condition: Current detection data is used to adjust the release signal conversion interval based on the interval between the vehicle's driving array and the vehicle array. C: Method matching: The traffic data such as the array of arrays detected are calculated and set by the computer, and compared with the model in the memory to determine the best solution.
  • Integrated array control is the coordinated operation of dynamic array and two control modes.
  • Integrated array signal control combines fixed area and dynamic array control methods. Due to the uncertainty of the (completed state) of the dynamic array in the front part of the integrated array control, the release signal control can be determined based on the completed state of the dynamic array. The principle can be combined with the first two methods. Of course, it is also possible to predict a line signal based on the monitoring information, and then perform dynamic array control accordingly.
  • the determination mode of the array (time) control is the same as that of the dynamic array.
  • the other options of signal control in array control are: 1 peak-time average control, 2 if the allowable time range of each array of traffic is allowed, the total array capacity of each array and the traffic rate of each array or each
  • the principle of consistent lineup ratios is used to allocate array time. 3 Connect and share the flow without direction or phase. 4
  • the arrays are controlled by f. Referring to FIG. 56, the structure, principle, and flow of the array control system will be described by taking a fixed area array as an example. Referring to FIG. 57, an example of the adaptive control program in the array control will be described by taking a fixed area array as an example.
  • an adaptive control system In addition to timing control of timing arrays based on survey data of traffic changes, if an adaptive control system is established, it will greatly improve the application of array control, and can) control many of the design time in timing. This effectively delays the f's array and improves the release capacity.
  • the principle and method of line and array timing are the same as those of the timing segment control. The difference is the coordinated operation of the two signals of the release and array. Different intersections, different release and array schemes, different technologies ⁇ and requirements,) Different adaptive control operation methods are used. Taking the North Exit C method in the example as an example, a simplified workflow diagram is depicted, as shown in Figure 57. , (Pre-stop line, left-turn lane combination line, right-turn lane branch line, automatic vehicle detection sensor device should be installed, through additional control equipment dedicated to array or existing computer intelligent system coordinated control) .
  • Non-motorized vehicle turning right can be ignored because it does not affect other traffic (in addition to make non-motorized vehicle turning right, part of the edge of the corner of the pavement can be changed to a ramp so that the right-handed non-motorized vehicle passes.
  • This method already has a use case ).
  • Non-motorized vehicles that turn left and go straight can use the lane and phase directly when there are dedicated lanes and phases.
  • use the second waiting control method of the left turn waiting area When the first line is not straight and non-motor vehicles are mixed in all directions, a straight motor vehicle can be side-by-side. In addition, as long as the width of the non-motorized lane is allowed, non-motorized vehicle array control can also be performed.
  • control maps for zone simplification, sequential or multi-row array, continuous or discontinuous array release, and borrowing of opposite non-motorized motor vehicle lanes are added.
  • Different alignments, release controls, installation facilities, timing models, control procedures, etc. also need to be adjusted accordingly (as shown in Figure 71-1 / 2, the timing of left-turn vehicles passing through the lane should also consider the situation of traffic flow, Try to choose the low-density, low-traffic or no-vehicle neutral periods for traffic flow, which also involves the time of driving on the way; such as the interval phase in Figure 60 and the one-way interval cycle in Figure 62. At the time, the corresponding rows in the cross direction and the layout are considered uniformly.
  • Figure 71-2 is an example of borrowing the opposite lane when the sections are sequentially or staggered and overlapping.
  • Figure 71-3 is the use of the opposite lane to turn around. For example, in the case of turning left and turning right after turning off, the turn can be set at multiple intersections, or it can be realized at the intersection, such as alternate discharges in the U-turn lane and straight. Borrowing the opposite lane can also cooperate with the auxiliary lane shown by the dotted line), i The principle is the same.
  • borrowing the opposite lane can be used to control the exit lane with signal control, monitoring devices, and other markings i.
  • the array control model can be verified and described using traffic flow theories such as queuing theory and wave theory. Actual observations and simulation experiments have proved the practical feasibility of the vehicle flow array control operation, and initially accumulated relevant basic parameters.
  • traffic flow theories such as queuing theory and wave theory.
  • Actual observations and simulation experiments have proved the practical feasibility of the vehicle flow array control operation, and initially accumulated relevant basic parameters.
  • the determination of expressions, parameters and coefficients can be modified according to different requirements, actual conditions and application results (such as the average car-to-vehicle distance, the average headway of the released vehicle, and the evacuation wave. Conduction average speed, acceleration average speed, etc.).
  • the requirements and options in the manual are examples of optional content.

Description

交通控制法及« 技术领域: 本发明涉及一种道路交通控制的方法以及与之相适应的装置设施。
背景技术: 目前交通控制 f ^采用对道路各向交通流、 按 车道, 进行控制, 形成分向或混合行 驶状态, 如路口的 目位和多相位控制。 巳有的 期、 感应、 自适应控制技术和正在^^的智能交通 控制技术如 ITS等, 均基于此。 路段交通一般都借助交通标志标线的引导实现分向或混合行驶, 即使最 先进的路段交酸位导航、 自动驾驶控制和智能交通控制 ITS等, 同 只对车流进行车 向或车速 控制。 在控制设备和装置方面, 无"^路口 路段、无 " l单点路口 ¾¾路线控制和路网面控、无论 是传统设备还是新装置, 如路口控制中的传统信号灯和新的像素信号板, 传统单点定周期、 感应控制器 和新的各类智能优化控制系统如 scoot, its, 车辆检测中传统的感应线圈和新型图象检(监)测装置、 以及正在 的信标、 定位导航、 自动驾驶等装置系统, 其设备和装置的结构、 原理、 功能等都围绕实 现 简单的按车 向或混合行驶的方向性车流或自然性车流状态的控制目的, 其控制原理的核心依 据是现有的交通流模型。 现有控制方式的特点是车辆在通过路口时方向性连贯, 行车及等候排队秩序较 好。
W099/53460中公开一种复式交通控制法和装置, 主要是增设前置的复式信号灯、 控制各向车流先 依次自由^复式信号灯与传统放行信号灯之间区域,再多车道通行。在 01108206. 2双式交通控制法和 装置中, 除前 式信号灯增加方向指示外, 其它 仿照复式交通控制法和装置。 这两种方法只是在 路口增设前置信号灯, 预先控制车流多车¾¾行的构想与本发明部分内容接近, 而 范围、控制原理、 控制方案、 装置 «、 结构及程序、 # [等, 与本发明或截 同或存在很大差距, 并都存在各自致命 的缺点错误或局限, 不成熟, 如适用范围小、 技术方案不合理、 效率低、 控制程序和参数设置有误、 交 通流模型等 误、 装置单一落后、 »差、 延误增加、 实用性差。
现有技术的不足之处主要在于: 控制硬件和软件均不涉及或不能实现对车流预先进行 »高效的纵 向或横向有序阵列排布组合和通行的控制诱导及相关装置设施。 存在或冲突干扰或不能充分利用路口路 段的通行空间或效率地低延误大等诸多弊端, 如路口两相控制虽然在绿灯时间内全部车道可同时开放, 但由于左转与直行机动车流的冲突干扰和右转机动车与直行非机动车之间的冲突干扰, 使路口内秩序较 混乱, 行车速度减缓或出现某向车流受阻需等待等情况, 通行能力被削弱; 多相位控制虽能解决路口交 叉冲突、 提高行车»和¾¾, 但由于各向车流按分向车 别放行, 引道断面始^ ¾部分车 it¾行,. 不能^ 3车道或最多数车道同时利用, 通行能力受到很大限制, 延误增加。
发明的百的: 在¾免现有技术中的不足之处, 提供一种可充分利用路口、 路段的通行空间, 保证 良好行车^? ^ 提高路口通行能力, 减少延误, 对车流进行阵列预排通行控制诱导的交通控制法及相适 应的装置设施。
发明内容: 可采取以下的技术方案和装置 ¾实现目的。
交通控制法、 简称排阵控制, 设有路载或车载的排阵通行控制装置, 及辅助排阵控制的相关交通标 志、 标线、 隔离等 «, 通 置職, 引导指示控制机动车、 非机动车各向或若干向的^ 3或部分车 流, 在路口、 路段, 按照预设或自动感应调控优化和智能的程序步骤, 以至少某一时段多向多车道或多 多点车流同时排列车阵或逐次轮流排列车阵的控制方式, 排列成若干阵型、 阵序、 阵量、 阵速可变 的有序阵列, 实现多车道无交叉或少交叉的车流连续排阵通行或非连续排阵通行; 有路段行进中的动态 排阵, 有在路口、 路段彼排阵区域的定区域排阵, 有前两者结合的综合排阵三大类控制方式; 包括据 此而細憷或结合改进的各类交通控制技术 置 i她。其中所述车 "阵",包含车辆队列的各种 形式, 为区别于一般的车辆排队概念。 路段行进中的动态排阵控制能最大 P酸减少延误, «突出, 是 本发明的出发点, 定区域排阵和综合排阵控制可看 «路段行进动态排阵控制的后续补充或备用控制方 式, 但为便于阐述和 文中一 人较简易的定区域排阵控制介绍。
与交通控制方法相适应的装置设施, 包括路载或车载的至少机、 非一项的排阵通行控制处理和驱动 装置,排阵通行指示诱导装置或操控执行装置,及相关的标志、标线、隔离交通设施,及选项:检 /监测、 信息显示诱导、信标、 通信、 定位、 导航、 航迹诱导识别、 车位探测保持、 行驶控制装 ¾ 装置设施按 排阵控制要求设置, 包括与原有装置设施的结合使用, 有进行排阵控制及相关辅助控制的功能或程序, 可以是传统装置 的新用途、 新连接或改进型, 或者是新型装置, 或者是功能部件或功能模块, 之间 可多种组合, 其中至少部分装置 «的设 »式、 或功能、 或结构、 或原理、 或流程、 或程序等不同于 传统的交通控制装置 , 机、 非装置可单设或 在排阵控制要求、 等因素不同时, 排阵控制 装置设备的功能、设郷式等可相应调整; 有简易配置选项: ¾^向、 识距标线、检 /监测 »测分向流 量, 控制装置运算处理并发出在排阵信, 反显示的含方向、 、 车距、 p车序、 排 犬态图形、 pj 式、 加 /减速的排阵诱 言息和指令, 实现运行动态排阵。 ' 本技术方案相对现有技术具有如下优点和»
经对比计算, 与现有控制法相比, 排阵控制能使路口通行能力最大提高近 3倍, 平均延误时间的减 少幅度因流量和拥阻排队情况的不同最大甚至可以十数或数十倍计算。 如以某流量过饱和的十字路口为 例做简单理论计算, 四断面均为机动车双向各三车道, 为计算简易, 设高峰时段四断面各向饱和放行流 量相等, 左、 直、 右分别均为 X辆车, 排队拥阻情 目等, 延误 3个周期通过, 以常用的左右同相四相 位控制放行, 以每向车流平均每秒通过均 q辆计, 则各断面放行需 2x/q秒, 若各方向车辆提前排成整 齐三列纵队, 以 B法相位顺序三列同时通过, 则各断面放行只需分别用时 2x/3q, 通行时间缩减为原时 间的 1/3, 同时间内通行能力提高到 3倍。 应用简化延误分析法 —次停车到越过停车线的延误时 间" 的概念和单车平均延^J 1/2单车最大延误时间的演算原理, 可推导排阵延误: d、=Tm/2= (T放- T #~T畅) /2。 Tm -单车最大排阵延误时间, T放—上次排 排阵循环结束后第一辆车排阵后放行越过停 车线的时刻, T停 -上次排队或排阵循环结束后第一辆车运行到引导区或停车线处第一次受阻停车的时 刻, T t -车辆以畅行 通 误路段的运行时间。严格计算时, 路口或各入口的单位车辆路口平 均排阵延误时间应求各引道各向车流的加权平均值, 即 d、= (∑qi* Tmi/2) / Q流量和, 经验算推导一般 d、<C、/2,路段动态排阵和综合排阵,或排阵车 多,排阵越简单,阵区 ¾ ,则 d、越近似等于(C、- g、) /2。 因该路口四个断面各向流量均等, 则 g、《C、/4, 同时, 排阵控制后信号周期 C、也可近似减为原周期 C的 1/3, 则 d、《 (C、一 g、) /2= (C、— C、/4 ) /2= 3C、/8 «C/8, 则 d、/ d « (C/8 ) /3C « l/24, 即应用排 阵控制后, 延误时间约缩减为原来的 1/24, 原延误时间越大, 应用排阵控制后延误时间缩减比例越大。
排阵控制 «突出, 在路口一定程度上可代 皮既破坏 境景观又耗资亿元的立交 «, 而其投资 估算约只需 5-10万元, 两者资效比约在 1000: 1以上, 具有巨大的经济价值。 在减少能耗和污染方面, 按平均每辆机动车一天通过 20个可进行排阵控制的路口、每路口平均减少延误 50s和当量小客车怠速平 均耗油 0. 8Kg/h计算,每辆机动车每年可节油约 81Kg,节约燃油费约 260元,全国每年可) 油耗约 140 亿元。 因减少尾气污染、 车辆磨损和交通出行时间而间減少的社会消耗和创造的经济和环 介值 ¾!隹 以估量。
路段运行中的动态排阵, 在通行 ¾¾、 启动延误、 车头时距上稍好, 通行能力上与定区域控制» 相同或略高, 并能最大限避免路口停车, 减少甚至消除路口延误, 同时也使停车、 启动的燃油消耗和尾 气污染降到了最低点。 运输效率、 经济和社会效益 。
综合排阵的通行能力与前两种控制¾« ^目同, 兼有两者的优点。
排阵控制悲范围广, 含非机动车道在内至少两条车道的路口路段均可应用, 且¾¾突出, Λ高 路口通行能力和行车秩序, 减少延误、 减少能耗和污染, 缓解温室效应, 改善环境, 节约道路建设投资 等方面有显著作用, 特别是对大流量交通, 效果更为明显, 为解决道路交通矛盾开辟一条新道路, 能带 来巨大的经济和社会效益, 应用前景十分光明, 特别是在道路 难以改善的城巿和不发达国家更具有 重要的应用意义。 随着 ITS等智能化路口控制和自动诱导技术方法的发展和应用, 排阵控制将获更先进 的技术 支持, 其应用 将¾ ^明显, 同时也将成为 ITS等智能交通控制系统的一项重要内容。
附图说明: 结合附图、 实施方式对本技术方案的内容作进一步详述。
图 1是非连续排阵通行的控制流程演示例图; 图 2是法 A放行控制流程演示例图;
图 3是法 B放行控制流程演示例图; 图 4是法 C放行控制流程演示例图;
图 5、 6是法 D其它连续排阵通行控制流程演示例图;
图 7、 8、 10、 11、 12是 3车道法 A通行控制中, 多向多车道同时排阵控制流程演示例图; 图 9是链式移摆和逐车通过式控制演示例图;
图 13是三条以上的 4车道法 A通行控制中, 多向多车道同时排阵控制流程演示例图;
图 14是 3车道法 B通行控制中, 多向多车道同时排阵控制流程演示例图;
图 15、 16是三条以上的 4车道法 B通行控制中, 多向多车道同时排阵控制流程演示例图; 图 17是 3车道法 C通行控制中, 多向多车道同时排阵控制流程演示例图;
图 18是三条以上的 4车道法 C通行控制中, 多向多车道同时排阵控制流程演示例图;
图 19是 2车道法 A通行控制中, 多向多车道同时排阵控制流程演示例图;
图 20是 2车道法 B通行控制中, 多向多车道同时排阵控制流程演示例图;
图 21是 2车道法 C通行控制中, 多向多车道同时排阵控制流程演示例图;
图 22、 23、 24是路段行进动态排阵 2/3车道多向多车道同时排阵控制流程演示例图;
图 25是综合排阵通行控制方式例图;
图 26、 27、 28、 29-1/2/3、 30是排阵控制的几种衍生方式例图; 图 31、 32是排阵控制与常规控制状态转换流程例图;
图 33、 34、 35、 36、 37是定区域排阵控制 结构例图; 各图例代表意义为:
<¾车载装置 I 排、 合、 放信号装置□信息显示装置 o (摄像) 监测装 0 检测器 S信标 □ 路侧装置 HX , 磁钉或标志带 ^ 通信 /导航设备 图 38是仿真控制程序例图; 图 39是排阵控制系«^工作原理例图;
图 40是排阵控制器结构、 原理与工作框图例图;
图 41是排阵 /信息显示装置原理结构框例图; 图 42是排阵指示显示例图;
图 43是行进动态排阵控制«结构例图; 各图例代表意义为:
(J 检测器 车载装置 []信息显示装置 (摄像) 监测装置 ** LCX
Θ信标 □ 路侧装置 ·.■■ 磁钉或标志带 ¾ 通信 /导航设备 图 44、 45、 46、 47是排阵配时举例中 A法通行控制和排阵控制流程演示例图;
图 48、 49、 50、 51是排阵配时举例中 C法通行控制和排阵控制流程演示例图;
图 52、 53是排阵配时举例中对应 A法的东西口、 和北口放、 排配时例图;
图 54是行进动态排阵放行控制流程例图;
图 55是行进动态排阵简易排阵控制流程例图;
图 56是定区域排阵控制结构、 原理、 流程例图;
图 57是定区域排阵控制自适应控制程序例图;
图 58-71-1/2/3是各类排阵控制流程示意补充例图(括号内表示 控制方式;);
例图中的各流程分解图, 均为自左向右顺序,箭头代表车流方向, 横线和左 /右斜线阴影代表直行或 左 /右向车流的结队情况, 引导区和变道区未标出。
参照图 1-6, 先介绍定区域排阵控制几种理想的基本排阵通行控制方式例:
排阵控制包括形成车流连续排阵通行或非连续排阵通行的控制, 或者在排阵控制完成后, 在没有通 行指示诱导信号控制或自动操控的情况下, 通过路口、 路段通行。
以 3车道为例,若如图 1方式控制,按 提前在引道排成 2个车阵, 4相位控制放行,则末阵不能 形成与首阵车流的连续放行, 中间要间隔一 直向的相位, 这样, 末阵车流被放行之前将长时间占用 阵区, 影响后续车流排阵, 同时绿信间隔损失时间增丸 间隔相位越多效率越低, 冲突越多。 为形成车 流的连续排阵放行, 可有方法如:
A: 如图 2, 同断面某两向车流(如无交叉的左右、 直右)同阵或同相放行, 形成连续排阵通行, 如 直、 左右同相或左、 直右同相的顺序或它们的相 «序循环放行, 右转车流较大时可部分车道利用垂直 向左右相位放行。 简称 A法。
B: 如图 3, 以左、 直、 右或右、 直、 左的连续阵序循环放行, 简称 B法。
C: 如图 4, 一向连续通行阵序为直、 左 /右、 右 /左; 另一向为右 /左、 左 /右、 直, 依此循环。 简称
Q法。
D: 如图 5、 6, A、 B、 C之外的, 多或缺流向、 车阵、 相位, 右转一直通行或借相通行, 丁字、 多叉 各种畸形路口情况下的连续排阵通行控制, 简称 D法。
以上控制方式的借相、早断迟启、多或缺流向或车阵、多或缺相位、特殊要求下的各种变形衍生(如 C法某时段右转车借交叉向左 /右相放行)如连续排阵通行控制, 均属于各自范畴;
类似图 1的车流非连续排阵放行效率低 $ ^差。 显然, 按照前述本发明的排阵控制方案和原理, 路 口断面排阵放行控制的通行能力要明显大于传统控制。 各种断面、 各控制方案下的通行能力参考值可按 照交通工程和交通控制的有关理论方法计算.
排阵控制包括形成至少某一时段含组合向的多向(至少一向)多车道或多段或多点车流同时排阵或 遂次轮流排阵控制, 参照图 7-21, 先介绍定区域排阵控制中多向多车道同时排阵控制方式例.
形成至少某一时段^ L合向的多向多车道或多 «多点车流同时排阵, 可以有错^/错阵区排阵、合 阵、 排阵、 跟行排阵、组合 /混合排阵等控制方式。错位 /错阵区排阵: 控制诱导车流的 、方向、 间距、 位置、 德、 状态, 或控制阵区、 排阵通 排阵 台点、 分、 合流控制点的设置分布, 错开排 阵需要的通道和空间, 形成至少某一时段多向多车道或多段或多点车流同时排阵的控制步骤和方式; 合 阵: 根据需要在动、 静态阵区或运行队列中控制若干列、 段的部分车流填充、 合并阵列的控制步骤和方 式, 有链式移位和逐车通过式控制, 可分段合阵, 也可逐次合阵; 借道排阵为: 控制车流借用对行或非 本车类车道的部分空间排阵的控制步骤和方式; 净 与跟行排阵为: 控制后续车流随前序阵列 hi立、 跟 行排阵的控制步骤和方式; 组合 /混合排阵为: 车流在方向、 队列、 组合或混合的状态下进行排阵的 控制步骤和方式, 这些控制可以相互结 。 逐次轮流排阵控制为: 控制 ^^向车流或各车道车流逐 向或逐车道轮流在排阵区域或车队行进中进行排阵。 以上 制方式在后面文中陆续介绍和 ^见。
三车 三车道以上断面。
( 1 ) A法。 错出两个阵区, 如直行为首阵, 左右转同为二阵。 因左、 右转车流同时放行时不产生交 叉,且右转车流在先放行直行后对非机动车影响也较小(此时非机动直行车流已成团驶过),左、右转一 般都是较小流量, 易匹配, 因此中间排阵车道可根据左、右转车流率的比例不同, 为专供左或专供 右方式和左右共同方式。 直右同相位放行虽无交叉冲突, 但流量比例差往往较大, 不易匹配, 而且, 右 转机动车与直行非机动车有交叉冲突, 因此, 直、 右机动车尽量避免在非机动车较多的情况下同相位放 行。
如果像 "复式或双式控制"那# 向车流逐次 ¾Λ指定区域排队(无本发明的排阵和车道调配), 会 形成通过单条车道依次轮流、连续排成 3列车队的情况, 效率过低, 当来车总流率∑λ= λ ΐ+ λ左 + λ右 >单车道的饱和流率 λ饱和(理论值一般为 1800辆 /Η )时, 会 来车越积越多 "排不净",形成阻塞。 因此这种控制方案较差, 难实际应用。
形成多向多车道或多戯点同时排阵(合至少某一时段同时排阵)的控制方法, 如: 图 7和图 8, 左右转车不受限地在二阵内沿本车道单列向后持续排阵, 中间车道供直行通过排阵, 这样, 在直排完成 到某一阶段时, 中间车道留出一段时间供左、右转若干尾车共排或某单向合阵 (可方向固定, 可不同周期 左、右交替或随各向流量变化不规则转换, 类似控制在排阵控制中多可用到), 合阵完成后, 在某时刻直 排又开始, 并利用合阵后空间再开始排阵循环, 之后, 直排车 ½、 右阵前行, 在某一时刻左右车也开 始再排。
为保证最大效率的排阵控制和排净原则, 应 ί 期内各向车流(特别是最 流)在 #Ρΐ控制状 态下总排阵量尽量大于等于来车量: QI =∑ (∑ A i*gi ) > X s.即比值 > 1, QI为周期内第 I向车流排 阵量, ∑为第 I向车流通过 n条车道排阵量的总和, λ ί为第 η *#阵车道在排阵控制状态 i时的平均 排阵流率, gi为排阵控制状态 i时的排阵时间, λ ΐ为第 I向车流周期时间内来车量。 所谓最大压流, 是指来车流率 λ ΐ/对应排阵车道数 η的值最大的流向。如图 7、 8中的直行为最 流,其排阵问 ¾¾重 中之重。 由于来车流率的随机波动变化, 短时间内来车可能过于集中,但大密度流峰是可以平均下来的, 可选若干周期或一定时段长度替代周期时间(如 5-30分钟)。 而且各向车流的排阵车道和排阵时间分配 是可以通过控制进行调整的。
图 7、 8中, 左、 右转车在直行断排后 啦排阵, 称为合阵或补阵。 有链式移摆和逐车通过等方式。. 链式斜移 i排阵控制几乎是同时进行, 用时较少, 基本是 立合阵车紧随前阵尾车前行就位过程的时 间, 如图 9。 逐车通过式, 用时基本为 ς^·1涖车数 *H合阵平均车头时距 +D启动延误(设计时可将 立合 阵信号早启 2-33抵消启动延误)。 合阵也可是逐车道逐次合阵, 如图 8中左右两向可同时分段合阵, 可 通过预停线逐次合阵。
图 7中左转在合阵前在阵外有结队只有部分情况下出现, 类似的预排和合阵前的位置间断控制, 因 只涉及结队位置变化, 排队 »是不间断进行的, 而 JI是随机出现, 因此文中类似情况未标出信号和配 时间断(包括后面的配时计算), 但实际应用时可设置。
解决最 流排净的控制方案还可有将最大流(直)可咖两条车道做通道排阵,如图 10。或者左、 右一向限行或共同一车道排阵。 如果最 Ai£流是左或右转, 可用类似控制方案, 即左或右转用两车道排 阵, 如图 11。
另外有种控制方法: 中间车道一直由直行车占用, 左右转放行相位时, 直行车不动, 如图 12 (直行 在 1、 3车道排阵也可有一定次序)。 虽然该法在左、 右放行相位时因减少放行车道数, 使断面总放行流 量减少, 但控制管理起来较容易, 左右流量较小时舰
三条以上车道时, 可供排阵车道数增加, 特别是供主流的通道增多, 使主流排阵能力增加比例远大 于放行的增加比例, 因此排阵更易。 如四车道时图 13, 直行排阵车道与放行车道比例是: 2:4, 而三车 道时是 1 :3, 主流排阵车道增加一条, 排阵能力增加一倍。
( 2 ) B法。 ①放行能力。 经计算 B法放行能力强于 A法, 另外 A行图中也可以比较 到: A 法各相位一麟两 口的 6条车道同时放行,而 B法中两向左右转相位是四^ ^口 12条车道同时放行, 放行能力明显增加。
②排阵能力。 B法三车道 ^的排阵控制方式可有:如图 14。可以看出该排阵控制方式中首阵,二阵, 末 P 合阵前的排阵车道譲 U为 3、 2、 1条, 除合阵时间外均为持续排阵。 总排阵能力约为: ?总=入 首阵来 * (T周- T断排 1 ) + λ二阵来 * (Τ周- Τ断排 2 ) + λ末阵来 * (Τ周- Τ断排 3 )。 设各 λ均为理论饱 和流率 λ来饱, 则 Ρ总= λ饱( 3Τ周- Τ断 1-T断 2-Τ断 3 )。
排队论、波动论和交通控制的有关理论方法计算, B法排阵能力与 A法鉢为同一量繊略小, 也完全可以满足实际交通需要。
3条车道以上断面, 因首、末 阵的变道曲线较大,合阵串列较多,合阵前末阵较长等原因使排阵 难度增加, 可首、 末阵选用部分车道排阵, 以 氏排、 合阵难度或调整流向车道顺序, 如图 15和图 16。
( 3 ) C法。 ①放行能力。 因为在放行控制方式上也是将两个方向的左右车流使用同相位放行, 与 B法 相同, 所以在放行能力上与 B法^目同。
②排阵能力。 如图 17, 不"^直左右 ¾ ^右左直的阵序, 在排阵时均为首阵无合阵, 二阵、 末阵需 合阵, 与 B法相似, 能控制形成多列同时合阵的情况, 因此总排阵能力与 B法相近或同一量级。 右左直 阵序的引道, 要求 λ直行不宜i^, 以免末阵阵长 ϋλ。 直行车流较大的方向宜¾¾直左右的阵序。
C法 3条以上车道时排阵合阵控制难度要小于 Β法, 如 4车道时的图 18。
D法参照 A, Β, C原理, 不赘述。
两条车道使用 A, Β, C控制三法, 可由三条车道原理类推。
( 1 ) Α法: 如: 直行是主流,占用一 Ρ车, 左右车占用二阵, 直行车和左右车按各自通道轮流获得排阵 信号, 总排阵能力相当于一车道持续排阵能力。 当左右车流较大或需要增加排阵能力时可阵序颠倒, 如 图 19, 此控制方法可以形成两条车道的同时排阵, 排阵能力较大。 可见在两阵区的 Α法排阵中左右, 直 阵序的細性»。 如果当左转或右转车流偏大时, 可以 ii±转或右转车流占首阵, 其余两向车流占二 阵, 排阵控制同理。
( 2 ) B法: 如图 20, 阵序为左或右、 直、右或左, 首阵(如左转)向车流和直行车流并用首阵向车流 的车 别按两列和单列排阵, 末阵车流用另一车道在末阵单列排阵, 之后首阵断排, 二阵和末阵车合 阵, 依次循环。
在放行能力上也约相当于 B法在三车道断面放行能力的 2/:3.
( 3 ) C法: 如: 一向主流直行占首阵, 左转用二阵,右转用三阵, 直左用第一车道做通道, 分别在一, 二阵区双列和单列排阵, 右转车用第二车道先单排, 待一阵排好时, 二、 三阵合阵,依此循环.其排阵和 合阵方式与 B法图 20 綱,排阵总能力也^目当,另一向右左直阵序时情况亦然。放行能力约为 的 2/3.这里 C法可有演变式如图 21, 直右左和左右直的排阵与放行顺序能使流向不发生冲突, 效 断 ^二车道排阵, 两向车流共用一条通道排阵时, 两向总流率 λ应 在该合并车流排阵时间内的排 阵流率。 为此, 另一控制原则是二三流或一三流 在一条车道排阵。 这翻于其他两向车流合用一 条车道排阵情况。
注 0: 本发明包括其他未列举在 A、 B、 C、 D方式和非连续排阵通行的排阵控制方法, 如图 2中南北 左右转时, 东西可右转; 如某(些)向或某(些)车道车辆间断 /增加参加、 或各向、各车道车辆不对等 频率参加排阵通行控制循环(如某流向,积累两周期放行一次); 如非连续排阵通行控制, 如图 a、 b、 c、 d (控制原理类同, 其它不一"" (列举), 举例中非连续放行时, 可能^ I加相 损失时间, 排阵时 间长效率低, 与交叉向相位配时和非机动车协调配合时问题较多, 但有时控制会较为简单。
参照图 22 - 24, 介绍路段行进动态排阵控制中多向多车道或多段或多点车流同时排阵通行控制方式 例.
参照定区域排阵控制的阐述, 在路段运行中(无停车线 /区), 由车载或路载控制装置、 , 指示 诱导车流进行排阵(包括通过路口前的不完全排阵)通行, 并尽量不停车依次通过。 运行中的车阵可先 松散, 不成严格方阵, 到路口时再形成阵型较好的阵列。 路段行进中的动态排阵, 也可以看作是移动中 相对 静止的定区域方法, 因此放行能力与定区域方法細目同(无启动延误, 运行中车间距较大, 通行车速较快)。 排阵能力, 由于是在路段运动中进行, 车间距较大, 变道较易, 无明确排阵周期限制, 只要路段够长, 控制速度适当, 能完成即可, 且后面有定区域控制备用。 如:
2车道时, 先形成两列分向车队, 再形成分向阵列, 如图 22。 3车道时, 如图 23、 24。 4条以上车 道时, 原理相同。 可参照定区域方法。
运行错位排阵控制是本发明中提高运行排阵效率的一项技术点, 如运行队列头、尾餘, 还可通过 检 /监测、信标等方式获得的各阵列中分向车的多少, 灵活确定错 喷序, 头尾车在应设阵序位置时, 可 保 |立置。 并可设有类似高速公路的识距标志、 标线。
一 分向完成, 再排阵, 较易, 要求设备少, 但路段要长。 而 向边排阵, 要求控制精度高, 但路段可短。 提前分向, 可通过车载和路载装置, 根据目的地信息和全面交通信息计算分配并发送各车 经过各路段路口的导航车道, 尽量 ί 向提前完成, 如在前一路口或路段(排放中)尽量完成提前分向。 路段行进中的进行动态排阵, 路段长度和运行¾¾较为重要。 路段行进中的动态排阵有先分向后排 阵、 混合排阵、 错位排阵控制等控制方式; 在确定排合阵车流范围时, 可以采用以车数为参照的路面截 断和时戲分, 或者釆用以车流较为集中密集的组团划分(团队可能车数不均, 放行信号据此可灵活调 整)。 但都需要监测、 诱导、 通信等装置和技术支持。 如: Α、 检测某点通过流量达预定值时, 由控制系 统确定尾车分隔,并进行控制诱导(如通过车载或路载装置向尾车之后车辆发出减速信号),形成车流间 隔; Β、 由两个以上检 /监测装置测得有明显密度间隔的车流(车团可有一定的鍾要求, 不宜5±^或过 小), 确^ 车, 进行^ ^距控制; C、 前两者结合, 如测得一定车数时, 若后续还有较密集车流, 在 纖允许情况下, 可适当将后续车流纳入, 有间隔时确认^ t; 再如, 以密集车团划分较小时, 也可后 续部分车流, 并监测控制数量;
另外, 可以通过车速、 车距、 位置控制诱导, 调整分向车队间、 队列各车间(一! ^某些车间)的 距离、 位置, 方便车辆变道、 队型调整、 某些车辆的插入式编 调整位置(如消防、 急救、 警务等特 定车辆(队)的超越。 这点优势超越了定区域控制。
参照图 25, 介绍综合排阵通行控制方式例。
1、定区域和路段行进动态排阵控制交替进行。这种控制较易 ί應,可根据流量流向变化和路段长度、 车速等交通状 用各自翻的控制模式, 分时段交替进行。 如上游来车流量小, 在有限路段长度内完 成行进排阵; 上游来车流量大时 定区域排阵。
2、 先在路段内形成分向队列(可以是分段的), 并可按照定区域的预定排合阵方式控制运行状态和 到达时间、 顺序, 形成不同到达, 以尽量避免停车延误。 进入排阵区时, 按照定区域控制方法完成排阵 和放行。
3、路段长度和动态排阵时间不足时, 先尽可能完成到车队分向、 队列顺序位置调整、排阵等控制的 步骤的任意阶段, 进入排阵区时, 再完成剩余步骤。 如图 25: 此时, 甚至无需分阵区。
4、 变形路口情况(如喇叭型路口), 先在路段完成到分向、 队列顺序位置调整、 排阵等任一步骤, ¾Λ排阵区时完成重新编阵。
定区域排阵和路段行进动态排阵结合, 可以有效提高排合阵效率。
定区域排阵、 路段行进动态排阵、 综合排阵, 在排阵控制完成后, 也可以在没有通行指示控制信号 或自动操控的情况下, 通过路口 /路段通行。
参照图 26-30, 介绍排阵控制的衍生方式例。
排阵控制包括畸型路口, 单行路口, 只有一个车阵的控制, 排阵控制区域向上游推移, 借用对行车 道、 非机动车道、 部分路口空间, 高速路, 环岛, 匝道, 不能封闭的较近相邻路口, 临时排阵, 多或缺 流向、 车阵、 相位, 右转一直通行或借相通行等各种衍生控制方式。
如丁字路口等畸型路口的排阵控制, 因流向较少, 排阵更为容易。 五叉等其它畸形路口排阵控制原 理类同, 可根据路口构造和流量、 流向等情况进行控制;
如賴路口流向少, 排阵控制较易; 如只有一个车阵的控制; 如借相, 允许右转车流择机自由通行, 只对部分流向如左转、 左和直排阵的控制如图 26; 如只对部分车道或队列段的车流时段性排阵如图 27; 如将排合阵区域向上游推移, 使放行提前, 形成动态车阵连续放行的控制, 车阵可以较高的运行速度通 过路口, 这样有助于提高信号利用率。
如一条机动车道或多车道的特别需要时, 可借用非机动车道(达到机动车道宽度), 通 置«控 制非机动车停车位置或部分车流路段内向上游错后, 控制机动车借用留出一段非机动车殺区域或运行 动态排阵,在机动车放行某阵或某相位或时段内或之后非机动车跟行。如图 28,此时放行控制应做调整, 非机动车紧跟机动车末阵车流通行。
借用对行车道有控制选项: 在未设隔离设施或有开口情况下, 某向或某若干车道或某段或某点车流 按照预设或感应控制诱导信号或自动操控, 在不能影响对行车流正常通行的时段内借用部分逆向车道排 阵通行, 如时段性借用部分对行车道。 如在未设隔离设施(或可开口)情况下, 左转(或其它向)车流 可按照控制诱导信号借用部分逆向车道通行, 如文中图 43/44, 相位控制顺序由右向左时, 东口左转车 可借用一条逆向车道(可在中心线的适当; ^口 1/3、 1/2—处或多处、或前路口设导向借道口或其它引导 标线、 标志、 装置设施)。 借用时段应预先做计算或感应控制, 不能影响对行车流正常通行, 如图 29、 图 71。 类似图 29、 图 71借用最夕刚(部分或餘)非机动车道或机动车道(根据有、 无非机动车确定) 时, 非机动车控制可配合以相同借用或二次雜等方式, 不多例举。 类似图 71, 借用对行车道控制也可 提前到前一路口 (如将在下路口左转的机动车, 通« (些)车道, 在同向道路左转相位 ¾Λ ^行的 非机动车道的专用左转车道)。并应设置相应的控制和指示装置及设施。借用逆向车道可以提高车道灵活 利用率, 减小排阵合阵难度和排阵长度。
如环岛的车流车道排列诱导及环流让行和¾¾诱导, 在进口或环行 ¾Jl设置排雜制装置和排阵区 域和相关标志、标线设施, 控制诱导车流在进口或环行道上排阵或环流让行和速度诱导,如图 30例。其 它需要组织车流、 调变车道的情况, 也可用排阵控制。
临时排阵控制选项: 如在指向车道允许的情况下, 某若干车 车 或无来车或临时需要时, 通 过检测实时控制或定时段信号控制, 控制诱导上游的来车速度或临时阻滞原向来车, 阶段性将这样车道 调整为其他向车流排阵使用 (如左或右转车道空闲来车较少或间断时 )。
如 1¾¾停车线外的部分路口空间排阵放行。 如^某车道为公交专用道控制公交队列位置和状态配 合排阵和在公交车优先方案中的排阵控制。
如相邻路口较近(如在阵区范围内), 且不能封闭时, 可保留路口, 将阵区范围延长, 调整或增加 相应的放行、 排阵、 合阵、 所涉及的控制装置和程序步骤, 并须考虑排阵合阵的中断和延误因素及交叉 口流量和排阵合阵等问题, 虽稍复杂, 但原理类同。
其它衍生控制不再例举, 衍生控制方式, 可以结合应用路段动态排阵控制。
排阵控制中调控车速的情况可以有很多种: .如排合阵及敛行提示速度、车辆接近路口设定距离处(可 以是多处)提示车辆尽量不停车通过路口的诱导速度, 形成绿波的提示速度, 这要求与接近路口的信号 控制系统对应。
不同的各路口和路段, 路口和路段不同的各进口、 断面、 车道、 流向使用相应的排阵控制方式或与 常规控制结合使用; 排阵控制适用于路段或路口的含非机动车道的至少两条车道, 各种相位控制方式, 左、 右行制和单行交通等均可。
总结以上对排阵通行控制的叙述, 控制车辆排阵步骤包括:
某断面某方向或车道或某段或某点的车辆 x:
步骤 yl: 通tt置 f fe进行包含方向、 分向、 合向、 ¾¾、 间距、 位置、 秘、 车道调整、 状态、 信息控制选项的指示诱导控制或辅助 /自动操控;
步骤 y2: 通 置 f fe进行包含方向、 分向、合向、分 /合流控制点、 «、 间距、位置、 、车 道调整、状态、信息控制选项的的指示诱导控制或辅助 /自动操控, 控制车辆 ¾^排阵区域或行进车队中 或外的某位置;
' 步骤 y2+n': 通 进行包含方向、 分向、 合向、 分 /合流控制点、 « 间距、 位置、 车道调整、状态、信息控制选项的的指示诱导控制或辅助 /自动操控,控制车辆¾^排阵区域或行进车队 中或外的另一位置, n为 > 0的整数, 即步驟 y2+n为 y2后的 0或若干个步骤;
J ^步 « yl、 y2步 y2、 y2+n步骤可以一次或多次循环;
其它方向或车道或某段或某点的车辆排阵控制步骤同上; 以多向多车道或多段或多点车流同时排阵 的方式控制时, 各方向或各车道, 或名殳各点的车辆排阵控制步骤循环至少在某一时段重叠, 以逐次轮 流排阵方式控制时, 步骤依次循环。 排阵、 合阵可有 控制选项;
排阵控制步骤之后, 若有通行指示诱导控制或辅助 /自动操控, 则增加相应的通行控制或操控步骤, 若没有通行指示诱导控制或自动操控, 则无通行控制或操控步骤。
排阵控制包括阵列均衡控制: 即如何使各阵列整齐、 各阵列阵长尽量均等或通行时间尽量相同一致 的控制, 提高放行信号的利用率和车道空间的利用率, 减少阵列通行不协调(如某列较长出现甩尾)而 的绿信空耗, 有选项: 包括单 口和不同进口各车阵的阵列均衡, 排阵通道和阵列的 量分配均 衡, A: 静态和动态运行中的阵长均衡控制,根据流量和交通流模型计算并预设(可以修正)各阵列排阵 的信号控制时间,或通过实时监测、计算进入各阵列的车辆的累积排队长度(各种车型长度不同), 进行 对比预定 和程序引导车 短列, 或者通过(CCD视频摄像感应等)检测装 ft¾技术, 监测各阵 列的长度和车流情况,并进行阵列均衡控制诱导。如可考虑设计排阵末尾有一段短列就排的时间和指示, 等等。 B: 诱导均衡, 由于车辆运行; «的差异, 即使阵长均衡, 也可能出现最^^列的放行时间不 同的情况。可通过检 /监测各阵列特别是尾车疏散传导 «、排放运行«或阵列的长度变化,经计算和 程序调用, 以速度诱导的形式控制最终各阵列放行时间的均衡, 或者也可以通过 CCD摄像感应等检测装 厳技术, 监测各阵列的长度变化和车流 «, 并通过 诱导, 进行阵列的动态 控制诱导, 等等, 殺阵长均衡的有效辅助和补充, 也可单独应用; C: M立跟行和相位绿信连续, 可将若干连续车阵作为 m, 個 立跟行和相位绿信连续(可有较短间隔)的控制; D: 均衡分割流量或配时, 某时段内某向 或某阵列来车过大, 控制平衡分割流量或信号配时, 以运行中或停车排队控制方式将过剩流量先控制在 路段内, 与后序周期流量匹配的控制; E: 阵列组合, 控制阵列合理组合排阵, 实现阵平衡, 如多车道排 同一方向车阵时 (如只有其中部分车道的需合阵)的多车道综合阵组 衡和组合阵时的阵 问题; F: 以上技术的相互组合。
参照图 1-30, 介绍排阵控制的技术选项:
定区域排阵控制有选项: a. 车流依 阵区, 自前向后顺序排阵的排阵顺序; b. 自最远距其它 车道向本车道依次排列的排阵车道顺序(也可随要求变化 (也如随即、 交替或由 远的变化调整); c 率 I 跟行, d. 远位分向与分排,车流在接近阵区前和 阵区排阵时须及早分向(未分向的将随车流 强制排放, 常规控制也如此)或分向排阵, 保障提前分向成列或合理的远位分向排阵曲线, 避免车辆随 意余 Ht不能完全^车道的情况发生, e. 大型车辆优先选用本车道和邻近车道, 即在保证分向变道安 全距离的条件下,尽量使用原行驶车道和邻近车道,减少大型车变线行驶, 如通过检 /监测和信号提示控 制; f. 放净, 所有车辆不准在排阵通道内停留影响正常排阵通行, 未能在相应相位内放净的车辆尽量 tti 序相位控制放行, 可由图形或文字的放行信号显示此指示(明确指示未放净车辆随后序相位放行), 或者预先设计信号余量(包括间隔时间)、 相位连续 /ripple change, 或者由设置的检 /监测器根据监控 阵列放行情况, 调整排、 放行信号控制, 或是结 言号遥控和管理, 实 净, 这包括受行人、 车辆干 扰时的情况; g. 借相, 某方向或某若干队列或某段车流利用其它相位通行的控制; h. 应急控制, 当保 障放净的 控制(可结合)后仍极偶然(概率很小)出现车辆未放净, 或出现故障、 事故车辆挡住车 道时,启动应急控制, 如通过检 /监测自动调整,或遥控或人工控制信号指示暂时封闭被挡住车道, 同时 做其他相应的排、 放控制调整, 待阻挡车辆排除后再恢复; 或者直接转换到常规控制。
路段行进动态排阵除参照定区域排阵控制外, 还有控制选项: 、 间距保持和诱导指示,车辆 按照排阵控制提供的速度、 间距指示和信息运行, 通过自动探测保持技术或目测识别形成阵列; b. 尽量 组团编队; C. 变道示信和相机原则,为减少运行变 险 «守控制诱导指示外, 车辆变道行驶必 须提前给出动作信号, 并相机而行, 特别是在控制诱导和指示有偏差时; d. 跟行, 动态排阵有连动性, 无排合阵需要指示和其他特殊情况时, 应尽量保持跟行前车, 分向前后均 ; e. 提前分向,为使排合 阵顺畅, 尽量 1¾ ^向提前在远距路滅前一路口完成; f. 保 ί立置,某些车, 特别是头尾车恰在应排阵 序位置时, 排阵控制中尽量保持其位置, g. 运行错位排阵, h. 诱 威少停车, 主要通过控制 和到 达时间实现;
综合排阵除参照定区域和动态排阵控制外, 还有控制选项: a. 定区域排阵控制优先, 当车队接近引 导区和排阵区域时, 无论进行到何种排阵状态, 应按定区域控制, 即使前后控制不统一, b. 安全变速, 排阵的状态转换中必须控制安全减速或停车。
参照图 31、 32介绍排阵控制和常规控制的状态转换。
为适应流量和流向的变化, 特别是小流量时的情况, 本发明控制装置中具有备用常规控制状态和配 时方案储存修改和调用执行功能(或单独的控制装置),根据预设或实时检测, 通过调用或切换方式实现 常规控制和排合阵控制的灵活转换。 为提高转换效率, 可以不釆用信号控制中常用的全红排空方式。 如 由常规控制向排合阵控转换, 可釆用允许部分车流或部分车阵跟行推压排空(如首阵跟行, 而其它车流 暂禁入阵区)等方式(或预设较短的断流或减速控制 )。指示诱导显示装置可按一定程序依次或同时启动, 或进行状态或内容的转换(转换前应有提示, 如闪烁), 如图 31。 而由排阵控制向常规控制的转换一般 较易, 可在某排合阵循环某阶段点开始, 进行转换, 指示诱导显示装置可按一定程序依次或同时关闭, 或进行状态或内容的转换(转换前可有提示, 如闪烁), 如图 32。 不同的排合阵控制方案, 具体切 式也有不同, 应灵活掌握。 控制切换还可以包括排合阵可变标线、 标志的对应变换(如分阵线、 诱导标 线的有无显示等形式)。 万一有断电时, 可考虑设计应急电源以及信号过度控制到常规或人控状态。
另外, 为实现来车分向车道、 排合阵车道和放行车道的灵活变化和组合, 在控制状态(包括车道调 整)和配时方案的转换调用功能中, 还可以增设车道调整转换功能(或单独的控制装置), 必要时可在上 游路段设置有此功能的可变标志或信息显示装置及可能用到的速度诱导装置(或功能 )。
参照图 7、 8、 33-37介绍阵区阵长及其它区 /线的设置。
各阵阵长可为: 控制方案中各阵区内对应各向 (含多向)车流各时段, 特别是高峰时段允许容纳的 最大或适宜的车列长度和必要时设置的变道安全距离之和, 或按控制要求和道路及交通状况灵活确定。 定区域排阵控制。 以 3车道 A法为例, 如图 7/8。
( 1 )首阵长度 L阵 1=首阵内流向(如直行 )车流高峰时间在相应周期内到达当量小客车排阵数 q/ 车道数 n (取整) x L平均车头停车间距 + ( L安)。
车辆变道曲线要求的纵向长度 L安, 应以通行的最大型车的转弯要求为标准计算。
( 2 )第二阵区长度一 ^三部分: L阵 2=L1二 P车方案中最大车队长 + L安 + ( L2首阵主流车接 第二车阵续排的预留长度, 当首阵车流较大需增加排阵时间时可考虑使用 )。其中第二车阵阵长的计算原 理同于一阵, 但左右两向车流是先分别单道排再合阵, 可能因两向车流合阵车道分配方式的原因而使车 道有车长度不同, 要以合阵控制方案中的最大值为准。
控制中为排阵、 合阵变道安 顺不冲突和适应流量的时段性变化, 安全车距或变道区的位置选择 要合理。 方式如: 1: 合阵车流自引导区启动合阵由排阵信号控制时, 位置可设在引导区前 1/2 (单排合 阵时)或 2/3 (双排合阵时) * ( λ该向高峰来 *T周 /3600* L平均车头停距)之后并与另一二阵车道比 较取大值。 2: 最; ^殳置车辆检测感应装置, 自动检测实时控制, L安设置原理同上。 3: 自阵内分段合 阵时, 若是单排合阵 L安可设在 1/3 该向高峰 *T周 /3600* L平均车^ 距)的位 ¾ 以适应小流量 阵长的变化, 若是双排合阵, 大流车道可设在 1/3 ( λ高峰 *T周 /3600* L平均车^ 距)后, 小流设在 2/3 ( λ高峰 *T周 /3600* L平均车^ 距)后。
链式移摆的移阵车位可划得向合阵车道稍斜和稍宽。
避让最长车的控制: 阵长应至少能容下一部在用最长车(如铰接式公交车 18米), 可在阵末端划出 此车位, 使司机能直观判断最后车位容量, 调换车道。 阵区长度不宜过长,控制方法是,缩减信号周期和 放排时间.其他情况阵长的设计原理相同。
路段行进中的动态排阵, Ρ车长等 相对稳定的可变值, 一¾*显示载体, 可通 测、 诱导和 间距探测保持等技术实现。 Ρ车型阵长易变, 其中平均车头尾间距 Ηϋλ于定区域的量值, 应是与行驶速 度对应的安全间距(可参考有关常规賺), 若有间距探测保持技术支持, 间距可调小。 另外, 由于运行 车队中各车距可通过间距探测保持和 诱导等技术进行分离或雜调整, 因此, 变道安全区(因在运 行中, 长度应较大些)等可依此而实现。 不同排合阵控制状态时^^向阵列的阵长保持类同于定区域的 原理, 可表达为: L阵 η歹 'J i=∑L车长 I +∑L车头尾间距 I +∑L安
参照图 33-37介绍定区域排阵控制 i 结构例; 参照图 38介绍定区域排阵仿真控制程序例; 参照图 39介绍定区域排阵控制系统 ¾^工作原理例; 参照图 40介绍排阵控制器结构、 原理、 工作框图例。 参 照图 41介绍定区域排阵 /信息显示装置原理结构例; 参照图 42介绍定区域排阵指示显示例。
阵区、 交通标线、 标志、 控制装置等设施。 如图 33 - 37。
排阵控制有有无形或有形的阵区 /线、 引导区 /线、 安全变道区 /线、 导向区 /线、 移位区 /线, 相关标 志、 标线¾¾的设置和标示显示, 形式或固定或变化。
1、 阵区和引导区的划分。 如: 可以路口原停车线为端线向后延伸(个别情况也可在路口内, 如当左 转车少时, 引导左转车在直行相位时 口的空挡区域 腾出车道让直行车借用放行),根据需要 可划分为若干(一个或更多)阵区 (包括借用的本向和对行的机、 非车 i ) , 如首阵区... N阵区, 最后的 阵区也可称为末阵区, 不同的情况下要求的阵区的数量和组合可以不同。 各阵区可并列, 可沿路段依次 连接, 可交叉重叠, 可错位施划。 各阵区分界可以由交通标志、 标线和信号信息装置等形式单独或配合 显示。 阵区内的车道线、 分阵线和两侧隔离设施也可考虑分别施划为几种对应的不同颜色(如在排阵信 号有指示方向时, 为防止排队车辆随意换排, 也可将 ^:线划为黄色); .末阵尾端向上游延伸为车辆分 向引导区(或叫变道诱导安全区,如兰区或渐进黄虛线、方 /¾/圆形等),或者也可考虑简易的预停线(如 单、双黄或兰虛线), 必要时引导区和预停线可错健划, 引导区可以起到排 P根示诱导的安全缓冲区及 提供可能出现的预排空间作用, 并可尽量避免复式或双式停车线的停车延误和驾驶员因准备不足可能造 成操控失当的弊端, 优于线的作用。 若不设预停线, 可用引导排阵的指示(显示)标志、 信号装置等进 行显示和控制(如设置标志物、信号控制装置等)。在借用非机动车道和对行车道控制时,机非隔离和中 心隔离设施或标线, 要有允许借道通行的隔断和标记。
• 注 1:为图形简易和便于过程的演示,诸图中许多阵区、引导区、安全变道区及各种标线 略未画出, 但不影响意义表达, 特此提注。
2、 车道功用划分。 可根据排阵控制方案确^ C、 排车道的分布及功用的划分, 并尽量遵守常规车 道顺序(也可做不同于传统习惯的调整)。排阵车道 如何分 ¾艮据流量、流向、断面车道、 出口籍、 排阵控制方式和要求等确定, 这也适用于综合和动态排阵。
3. 施划分向变道曲线、 移位曲线、 提前^ 向线、 安全变道车距区域等。 安全变道车距区(简称 安全变道区)最好用黄色警示线施划, 相当于现有的路口禁停区的形式和功能, 另外为保障安全变道区 不被车辆占挡, 有安全变道区防占挡控制或设计, 可由排阵信号、信息指示或控制, 或通过检 /监测、信 号控制设计或阵长 ^t殳计等方式使车辆不会出现占挡安全变道区的情况, 如图 7中左转车流在单排时 指示禁止安全变道区停车,或通过检 /监测和信号设计,控制车流在可能占挡安全变道区前, 改在引导区 或预停线外继续预排; 如当接 ¾有车辆占挡变道区时或排阵将满时, 有信息警 «提示(信号和停车 线), 如提示阵内尽量紧排; 如可设计通过可变的错后第二变道区或预停线, 向后错出变道区,避免车辆 占挡通道。 变道区(禁停)在排阵末尾时, 可考虑用做最后车辆的净 H#位置, 这样变道区被充分利用, 且阵长可缩短。 其它变道曲线、 移位曲线、 提前分道分向线等引导指示标志标线可用指示意义的兰色。 另外,可配合设置分阵区和各种标线的指示标志。如 f¾jfl凸隆赫线。 导、标线可划得较长,适应驾驶视 线。
另外, J ¾ l、 3项内容中阵区、 引导区、分阵线、 车道线等各种标线, 还可以侧有明显色差对比 的可变标线或可变指示显示装置显示(此时可以不设特殊标线), 如能感应识别的磁钉、 电缆、 标志带; 缝隙标或地面发光反光设备和材料等形式; 如直接在应设阵区前设置排阵信号装置等等。 这些主要用于 排、 放和 的控制诱导及 ITS等系统中的自动识别功能。 为适应流量变化下排阵控制的变化, 可以考 虑可移动式或传递显示式等可变阵区和引导区(或预停线),如可移动或传递显示的地面地下发光、反光 装置« ( 在昼夜都可以反射或发光并易识别的某种可见光和其受光或发光物质,包括«等); 如 投影移动照射(包括标线投影照射)。
4. 信号等装置¾^。 如图 33-37。
( 1 )放行信号装置(可选)。 该信号装置(包括后面提到的排阵、 合阵、 诱导提示及信息显示装置) 可以是非传统信号 "灯"形式的电光信号像素板等形式的电子或 «的装置, 可一组或多 可多向组 合(可一向显示或多向组合显示)或若干个车道信号合并, 可单设或与其他装置合并, 包括方向、 排阵 通行及控制状态、信息等图文显示形式, 并有分向、 合向、 车道调整、 排阵和通行指示诱导、 诱导、 状态及信息、机非控制等多种控制显示选项, 可设在路段、 引导区、 阵区、本向或对向进口道、停车线、 路口中心等易观察位置,可对应每个车道或若干车道设置在停车线处或部分车道,包括借用的对行车道). 借用非机动车道控制时, 非机动车放行信号装置可相应后移, 也可与机动车控制信号装置同 合并。
(2 )排、 合阵信号装置(可选)。 如: 可在引导区、 阵区前上方或侧向或地面等适当的易擦位置, 设置类同于前述的放行信号装置的排阵、 合阵及其它指示诱导装置, 设鄉式类同于前述的放行信号装 置, 可显示阵区情况、 排合阵方案等信息内容。
阵区内各车阵排、 合阵、 启动或停止控制可由放行信号和排阵合阵信号装置分别指示或组合指示, 如二阵左车看到放行信号装置或排阵合阵信号装置的左转跟行信号显示时可前行 (一般不越过停车线 ), 待左转放行信号显示时再通过, 或者看左转放行信号直接显示前行通过路口。排、合、放 P格信号装置, 可单分或任意组合合并。
信号显示避遮挡控制: 道路的上方、 侧方、 地面及护栏、 隔离«设显示装置, 实现多 移动显 示, 或采用车载显示控制。
( 3 )车辆检测(监测)装置(可选)。检 /监测器可设在排、 合、 放的 测点。 如引导区、 变道区内 #/侧、 阵区内 /后端附近、 放行停车线附近等位置, 如在排阵前预检 /监测预排车流在阵外可能集结排 队的长度位置, 该位置关系到定周期中的结队车流的排阵配时的确定。 检 /监测内容可包括车数、 车长 / 宽、 、位置、方向等, 如检 /监测对比(分向) ¾λ#阵和放行通过的车数、车型、 ¾¾、 累计长度, 从而判断放净、 排 /放状态等情况。 其中包括检 /监测公交车。 如闭环式、超声波式、 红外、 t、微波、 光电管各式车辆传感器, CCD的图象处理车辆检测 /监测和识别(如轮廓扫描、 车辆统计、 车速计算、 车 长车宽、 车道占用和排阵情况等数字图像识别), 电子(导航)标签, 散点(规则)光/微波遮挡(设地 下或地上的信号发射器和接收器, 检测信号被车辆阻断的情况)及只在引导区、 变道区、 阵内最后车位 等若干点位设置检测器的排阵定点检测等均可应用。 可有人工或信号激活功能, 可结合应用系统如
AUT02003V, 车辆自动识别 (如 AVI ), 车辆自动分类(如 AVC )。
(4 )信息诱导(声、 视)装置(可选)。 如 LCD、 CRT、 LEO, 光导纤维、 像素板及最新的光镜反射等 显示技术, 均可应用于排合阵控制显示。 应可提供流量、 速度、 变道排阵状态、 借用车道等信息。 如自 动变更排阵图形文字显示的可衡反和信息么 牌等。 排阵显示装置应可进行编程控制, 可储 输排阵 导航有关资料、 方案及代码(编码技术可减少数据量), 可通过电波激活和传输(代码)技术, 实现显示 状态和内容的转换变化, 或通过移动通信技术传输显示。 可用定向通信技术, 只对特定排合阵位置车辆 进行通信指示。 排阵信息可通过可视化装置及声频装置传送接收。 可声音辅助应答(如左右转、 变道提 示 )。车载显示装置可设在前风挡玻璃的一个不影响视线和安全的适当位置,并可考虑儀航空领域的 "平 显"多重视像显示技术和装置, 或以 "眼镜"显示。 可有排 |«示导航车载音频« (收音机)、 车内车 外转向灯激发技术装置(设转向开关的同步信号激发开关),接受和发送转向信号, 由控制系统接受处理 信息, 并自动实现诱导排阵。
(5 )信标(可选)。 排阵控制信标兼有检测(监测)和通 ί言等多重功能。 有位置信标; 信息信标; 双 向通信信标。 其传感器可有人工或信号激活功能。 功能包括^ 输车位和目的地信息, 进行排阵引导 和控制调整; 车辆识别; 信号控制智能化。 因可获得详细的交通信息, 可支持自动生成图形文字内容进 行信号控制。
( 6 )通信系统(可选)。 本发明中¾信媒体有线(光缆、 电缆、 电话线、 输电线、 互联网等)和无线 (无线电、光波、微波等) 可。如无线电信标、光信标、 FM多频广播,还可应用双向移动通信技术(如 传输量大、 抗干扰强等优点的 CDMA )和寻呼系统。 排阵控制中的路车间通信, 如 ITS中的 RVC技术, 如 FM多频、 无线和光媒信标、 汽车电话和移动电话等。 可分为间歇式和连续型.间歇式通信较教 于本 发明。 排阵控制中的车车间通信: 如 IVC, 通过互传行驶数据实现有序的排阵和行驶。 如特定排阵和团 队通信; 如亳米波等媒质方向性的极短距离通信方式, 进行车位探测和车车通信。
( 7 )排阵定位、 导航、航迹诱导识别装置(可选)。 如 CCD图象处理技术(识别行车线、 排阵相关诱 导线、 L安、 车道外侧线等)、 LCX (由 LCX传递的指令控制车队头车 其它尾随)、 漏磁同轴电缆、 GPS、 GIS、 埋设磁钉与磁场探测传感器、 壁(护栏) ¾ 射器与 LIDAR、 道路鋪引导(导向灯)系 统等, 及美国 LCS的导航技术, 均可应用于本发明中。
排阵控制中车辆定位, 可采用信标 /测距、无线电导航、航迹推算、 蜂窝数字化数 (CDPD )等技 术。航迹推算法可结合 "地图对号"技术, ¾Λ 域时有信号传递或«开始推测位置。 可结合应用 AVL 系统、 航迹图象识别、 远距离导航 L0RAN"C、 地磁传感器、 专职近程通信 DSRC等技术。
排阵导航, 可利用交通信息计算最佳行驶和排放路线, 还可利用 GPS、 航迹推算定位系统和交通管 制中心传输的交通信息在导舶装置内进行 (固定信息和传递信息结合),或直接由交通控制中心处理计算 导航线路, ί专输显示。 还可有位置定位(核对)等功能, 排阵路线引导可釆用声音和图形文字符号显 示(如交叉口图及排合阵方案、 线路放大等), 动态(实时排阵路线引导)和静态皆可。
(8 )控制处理(可含驱动)装置。 排阵控制处理及驱动装置, 可一组或多组, 可单设或与其他装置 合并, 可以是独立装置, 可以是专用装置或综合型装置或中央控制处理系统, 可以是若干传统控制处理 装置间或者传统与专用或改进型装置的组合或改进, 点、 线、 面皆可; 可以有排阵通行控制仿真、 预测、 优化、智能等功能选项; 排阵控制处 置除应有常规功能和排阵控制程序 /配时功能外, 可有放行控制 程序 /配时、排阵放行程序 /配时模型、时段与相位划分、排阵显示 /信息诱导、车道调整与控制状态转换、 ripple change等的功能选项。 可有公交优先、 事故检 /监测、 排放物估算等控制内容。
定周期、 半感应和全感应、 自适应、 交通响应、 智能等均可, 可以配合局部优化和全面优化等不同 系统。 控制决策和排放路线计算可分中央 型和终端决定型。
如可通过预测, 推算排、 放控制方案, 在控制期内控制信号(如周期)可以变化, 并优化间隔。 或 按照实时检测数据和预测 ί妹执行排、 放控制。 如应用 0D信息和适应 0D交通需求变化的排、 放控制; 如构筑与可变信息、 导航、 交通需求管理、 路线引导等排、放有关的综合 交通控制系统。 如车辆排阵、 换道时控制系统和道路 应协调反应, 并向相关车辆发送信息。 可结合应用实时交通可变信号控制技 术(RT-TRACS ), 发^ *立控制 辑能灵活反映估算交通网(各交叉口)当前排阵状况, 由许多实时控制 模型组成, 在不同交通状况下每一个功能保持最优, 当状态给定后, 控制状态能自动变换排合放信号的 控制技术.还可加入仿真预测, 如图 38, 及学习、 图形识别等功能及应急、 避险技术, 协助驾驶、 优先 控制技术。 可建立以排阵通行控制为内容的类似或非类似 SCOO 和 SCAT的控制处理系统 (包括定区域、 路段运行和综合排阵控制) .如图 39。
为配合排阵控制的应用, 可设计专用信号控制器进行控制, 在有条件的路口可以通过中央(智能) 控制系统(如 SCAT和 SCOOT等)按照专用设定程序实现检测和搡作指挥; 或者简单地将分别控制放行和 排阵、 合阵的两台以上多时 时信号控制器通过时基协调连接, 实¾¾行和排阵、 合阵的统一操控。 排阵控制专用信号控制器的结构原理与主要工作程序可初步设计如图 40 (可以是排、放控制结构功能均 有或只有前者。 B、 Q、 D、 M、 P、 H、 N、 K等部 可选项。 M中状态转勉括阵序的调整。 夜间 生 交通事故等意外情况无法排阵控制时, 调用备用控制方式,通常是常规控制 )。
(9 )车位探测保持装置(可选)。排阵车位探测及行车导线探测可釆用如: CCD图象处理技术,检 测预埋的导向线(如电缆)和磁钉的技术, 电波标志带、 LCX、 侧壁(护栏)及反射器与 LIDAR等技术, 并可结合横向车道技术。 探测与排阵有关内容: 道路状态(道路界线、 形状、 路面状态、 排合阵有关标 线), 交通状态(流量、 流向、 流速、 阵列、信号、 标志)等。 如: 车距、倒车探测仪等超声波探测技术 和装置; 激光雷达车间距探测技术和装置; 自适应巡航控制技术和装置 LIDAR (检测车间距); 亳米域电 波自适应 控制技术和装置 RADAR。 前、 侧、 后及全向定位探测, 可釆用短距方向性好的激光和毫米 波.还可釆用摄象机、 雷达同自动逃航控制装置组合, 判断前后情况、探测空闲车道或阵列空位、控制车 速。 而且可釆用各车辆间通信传递确认自车位置的 全方法。 可结合应用先进车辆控制 AVCS。
( 10 )行驶控制系统(可选)。 排 亍驶控制, 可通过车载或基础设施中的单方或两者的传感器获得 夕卜部信息, 实现排阵控制: 加减速、 制动、 转向、 变道、 显示等, 这可以看作是车载的排 亍驶自动执 行搡控装置。 如铺设引线电缆进行转向控制的导向式技术; 如釆用道路侧壁、 三面直角棱镜、 磁钉等技 术; 如采用 视觉技术(把摄像机和计算机组合在一起的视觉系统)的自律式技术; 如滅视觉和推 测定位的横向控制技术; 如设置识别行车线标记控制技术; 如车距探测和自动调速结合的 ACC技术; 如 利用保持车间距离短的编队行驶的车间距雷达和车间通信的纵向控制, 如 ITS中的有关技术.
( 11 )其他装置。 如违章车摄像、 中央线变移、 全视角探测、 远位分向等装置。
定区域排阵控制也可用车载(车内信号指示、 排 /放控制处理、 定位导航、 自动 /辅助驾驶等)装置 控制, 可车载和路载装置结合, 不用或少用路载信号装置。 这时上述各项装置将可灵活结合使用, 包括 增加不用或少用路载信号装置情况下的车载或路载排阵、 放行控制的设备, 如单车(个 # ^辆设备根据 有关排 /放信息计算处理进行排 /放控制)或多车(对点、线、面车辆根据有关排 /放信息统一计算处理进 行多车排 /放控制)排阵控制处理设备, 车内信号 /信息指示、 定位导航、 自动 /辅助驾驶、 路 车位探 测保持等装置。 如 1¾¾多车控制处理设备釆 位、 兄、 流: I:流速等有关排阵信息, 通信控制多车自 动 /辅助驾 置或车载信号 /信息装置进行排 /放控制的情况, 等等。
另外, 可以建立以排阵控制为内容的各类智能交通系统, 括应用于交通控制的自适应、 智能、 专家、 模糊、 神经、 各类控制模式。
注 2: 本发明所涉及的路载 /车载排阵和放行信号装置及其它显示诱导装置, 可以是传统装置的改进 型; 可以是新型装置, 可以是非传统信号 "灯"形式的电光信号像素板等形式的电子或纖的装置(投 影和探照式信号装置、 转鼓式、 转带式、 帘幕式等机械式或与电子结合形式装置), 如可以是板嵌灯式, 还可以是方向、 车道、 状态、 信息提示等分接拼装式装置。 包括有排阵 /信息控制器和排阵 /信息图形 / 文字产生器及其它常规装置 /部件组成的显示诱导装置, 可一组或多组, 可单设或与其他装置合并, 有方 向、 排阵通行及控制状态、 信息、 图、 文显示形式, 并有分向、 合向、 车道标对(如车道号标对)与调 整(包括传统或非传统的各种顺序, 除文中的已例举各形式外如排阵变车道多时,各方向相间: 左、 直、 左、 直、 直、 右、 直、 右)、 排阵和通行指示诱导、 诱导(如雨、 雪、 冰、 夜情况的减速、 P ¾提示 控制)、状态及信息、机非控制等多种控制显示选项, 如在接近排阵前, 有速度(减速)提示和提前分向 提示控制。其中方向显示包括一向、 多向、 交叉向、分向、合向多种形式, 状 括阵列即时排阵 /合阵 状态、空位情况、运行情况、各阵列增 /减变化状态等选项,也包括时间递减显示(数字或图形)等形式。 可设在车内或路段、 引导区、 阵区、 本向或对向进口道、 路口中心易观察位置, 对应每个车道或若干车 道设置。 显示装置中可多方案储存或临时改变或中心系统控制调整。
信号显示的颜色、形状、 内容、位置等, 可以参照有关标准、 要求和原理灵活确定, 可固定可变换, 控制转换可人工可自动, 动态、 静态皆可, 还包括音频和非传统显示形式。 如递增或递减动态显示阵列 排车长度、 状况; 如本发明中排阵和通行状态控制流程图例显示图形和显示图例或衍生图例, 也可作为 显示设计图案。 如将检(监)测器、 信标等获得的车流等交通情况数据经即时处理后以某种识别形式直 接显示在排合阵控制和信息诱导的显示装置中, 进行指示诱导, 甚至经图象处理技术可实现车辆对应号 牌等主要特征的 "对号入座式"逐车对照显示控制。 同时, 本发明中的信号指示诱导功能突出, JI连续 性强, 可以不 ί魏传统的红、 黄、 绿信号, 如在放行控制中, 4目连续, 可无须循环每一个红信号(或 黄信号)过程。 还可增设其它传统或非传 «置, 如专用远位分向、 排、 合«测器等。 这些新功能, 使其 范围得到扩展, 如单条车道的调速诱导(如预定敏限制显示、 雷达自动显速 或通过传 递显示等其它显速限 ¾¾置实现)和交通信息显示等控制; 如车道调变和排阵均衡控制等。
另外, 也可以在隔离带、 隔离护拦处设置指示诱导和控制装置。 在停车线外也可以考虑使用地面地 下发光可移动或传递信号显示。 机、 非信号控制装置可组合、 可单分。
排阵 /信息显示装置原理结构框图例如图 41 , 显示诸图案如图 42。
环岛和借用对行机、 非车道等情况时的装置设施(如阵区、 引导区、 安全变道区、 标志、 标线、 信 号控制装置等 )按照上述原理进行设置。
参照图 43介绍路段运行中动态排阵控制 ¾及结构 .
路段运行中动态排阵, 对安全和控制精度要求较高, 因此对检测(监测)、 (信息)显示诱导、 通信、 车位探测保持、行驶控制、航迹测定诱导、控制处理等技术和设备有一定的要求。 技术、设备越多越准, 动态排合阵控制越易, 安全和 ¾»。 图 43中列举了一些可以应用的技术设备, 车载设备略。有些设 可选的.如只 分向标线、 识距标线、检测器(监测)和排阵信息诱导板, 按照分向后检测到的分 向流量, 由控制系统计算(或按照储存)发出在排合阵信 反显示的排合阵诱导信息和指令(如 tt、 车距、 阵序、 排阵动态图形、 错位方式等), 运行车辆(驾驶员)据此进行动态排合阵。
综合排阵控制 ¾ ^及结构: 综合排阵中交通标志、标线、 隔离 tt、 装置等设置准备, 可根据自身 的特点要求, 并结合定区域和运行动态排阵中有关设置情况设置调整。
各路口、 路段的情况不同、 流 Mi向不同等因素, 献了具体控制方式、 步骤和设 ^术的不同, 举例之外的其它情况不再赘述。 可根据本发明的控制技术原理灵活掌握。 参照图 44-51介绍定区域排阵中应用法 A和法 C的通行控制和排阵控制方案; 参照图 52、 53介绍对 应的排阵配时程序
排阵控制采用定时、 感应、 自适应、 交通响应、 智能等控制方式, 涉及排阵控制信号配时及程序参 数设等内容时, 包括结合或建立排阵控制下(周期缩 ij于配时)的绿波、 早断或早启¾等各类 现控制技术, 如部分或全部的动态、 综合排阵绿波, 如实现排阵信号协调(绿波)的控制, 有选项: 定 区域排阵控制信号配时可以是先确^^行配时后确定排阵配时、 先确定排阵配时后确 行配时、 连动 协调优化、 预测癩 式, 放行控制可按 太有扩展或修正的传统控制模型或排阵控制模型配时, 排阵 控制可按排阵控制模型配时, 放行和排阵信号配时的协调根据控制要求确定。
1、放行信号:根据排阵控制原理和实践经验,可适用交通控制中常用的英国运输与道路研究所 (TRRL) 的经验公式 C= ( 1. 5L+5 ) / ( 1-Y I
例: 某路口如图例, 南北向机动车 度均为 21m, 左转半径 R=30m, 右转^ R=18m。 此路口涉 及 2-4车道的各种排阵方法, 复杂并具代表性。 高峰小时(或以 15—30分钟为样本换算)流量: 东口: 直 =500 左 =200 右 =260; 西口: 直 =650 左 =300 右 =260; 北口: 直 =1000左 =350 .右 =500; 南口: 直 =1100左 =600 右 =500。 高峰小时总流量 0=6420。 单位为 辆 /h,
卜1.先 排阵较易的 A法排阵控制。 控制方案如图 44。 南口和北口排阵控制: 如图 45和图 46, 东口西口排阵控制相同, 只以东口示例: 如图 47
经计算: O ( 1. 5L+5 ) / ( 1-Υ ) =35/0. 222=158s。 目位有效绿灯时间。 GA=39s, GB-36s, G032s, GD=31s。 为减少绿灯间隔时间, 应用中常将黄闪时间由 3s减为 Is, 全红时间不变, 则各相位实际绿灯 时间为: 41s> 38s, 34s, 33s。
1-2. c法。控制方案如图 南北向放行阵序为直, 左,右, 二阵区排阵控制, p车序为直,左和右; 东西向排阵和放行阵序为右, 左, 直。 南口和北口排阵控制: 如图 49和图 50, 东口西口排阵控制相同, 只以东口示例: 如图 51
经计算: C=35/0. 239=147s。 GA=36s, GB=33s, GC=28s, GD=30s 。
各相位绿灯时间加 2s, 分别为 38s > 35s, 30s, 32s。
1- 3. 假设东西向直行高峰流量适中如分别为: 东直 =400辆 /h, 西直 =380辆 /h, 则可以考虑 B 法排阵放行。 控制方案略:
2、 计算阵长-. 2-1: A法。 过程略。
南口:最外侧右转车道不参加排阵, L阵 l=93m, L阵 2=53m。 L总 =146m。北口: L阵 l=83m, L阵 2=75 m, L总 =158m。 北左没合阵,可持续排阵, L阵 2也可以双右为准取 63m。东口 ·· L阵 l=63m, L阵 2=68m, L总 =131m。 西口: L阵 l=83m, L阵 2=78m, L总 =161m。
2- 2: C法: 南口: L阵 l=83m, 第 4车道 长 =55 m, L阵 2=63m, L总 =146m。 北口: L阵 l=78m, L 阵 2=63m, L总 =141m。 东口: L阵 l=38m, L阵 2=53m, L阵 3=63m, L总 =154m。
西口: L阵 l=38m, L阵 2=73m, L阵 3=78m, L总 =179m。
2-3: B法略。
有检测器辅助时, 部分阵长可做缩繊取消调整, 如图 50, 当在右转车道的的直左预停线处设置检 测器时, 右转阵长可与左转阵长相同。
3、 排阵配时:
3- 1: A法: 东西口直行和左右单车道交替排阵, 如图 47:
按照排阵配时 T与流量和排阵通道之比 Q/∑n应基本成正比(集结波、 疏散波及正常随机来车流率 不同, 可调整)的排阵控制原则。 则 T东直排 =丁周* ( λ东直来 500/ (500+200+260 ) ]=82s, T东左 右排 东直排 =158- 82=76s。 同理, T西直排 =158* (650/1210 ) =85s, T西左右排 =158- 85=73s。
¾lh时刻: 设直排开始为排阵周期始点 0 , 那么在直排后多少秒首阵开始放行呢? 波动论和排 队论, 设在直排后 X秒直放开始, 在最少延误要求下, 以相位 C为起点时, 经计算(过程略)西口排阵 周期要提前 122s开始。 (最好设检测感应装置实时控制)。
还可以用另两种方法推算排阵周期开始时间。 已知排阵与放行的保守高效模式和理想高效模式是: 当排阵周期结束, 最后的尾车刚好入阵或到达停车线时, 疏散波恰; W到或放行相位结束, 其用时分别 是 T ¾=L总阵/ V疏波和 T 总阵 /V均(如为便于计算当行程〈60m时 V均行取 20Km/h, > 60m时取 25Km/h )。 则 X=158- T疏(23 ) =135s或 158- (67+3绿灯间隔- T行(24 )) =112s, 这两个数值分别代 表了 X值最稳妥与最理想的两个 I·青况, 而 122s縣正好是两者的中间值, 为有设计余量可取此中间值 122s。 由此证明上述推算方法的正确性。 即 X=K{ (T周 -T疏) +[T周-(G- T行); ]}, K=l/2或其它合适 值。 确^) "应阵、列的排阵、放行配时循环始点时差 X,在尽量^^延误要求下, 可取保守高效模式和理 想高效模式的中间范围值, 无严格延误要求时, X可超出此范围。
东口: 运用西口相同原理。 X=l/2{ ( 158-22 ) +[158- ( 67-131/25Km/h ) ] }=1/2[ ( 158-22 ) + ( 158-51 ) ]=121. 5s。 可以看出对应同一方向两个路口的排阵配时循环受放行相位一致性的影响而基本 相同, 可统一 合阵长计算为准。 如东西向统一取 X=122s。 则东口与西口排阵与放行相位时段图如图 52。
参照东西口的方法, 结合南北两向排阵控制要求和排阵控制流程, 分析计算南北两向各排阵和放行 的起始时刻, 过程略, 北口具体排阵与放行相位时段图如图 53。 南口略。
可将各口排阵放行时序图合并为 路口的综合时序图, 略。
为配时准确, 各车道应分别排时序, 包括分段方式, 相同的可合并, 各时序循环可重叠, 或可顺次 循环。 流量波动性强、 或受上游信号影响大等情况时, 对应调整配时设计程序和步骤, 如来车流率细分 段设计配时或结合检 /监测。
3-2: 3-3: C法和 B法。 参照 A法原理略。
注 3: 某向(或进口)定区域排阵而另向非定区域控制的情况, 及如图 46-2、 图 53-2等情况, 原理 相同。 在不对称车道排阵时(如图 45第 2车道), 可有指示重流车道提示信息(箭头粗细、 文字), 车流 渐自动熟悉重流车道。 另外, 相位信号配时可以是不同顺序的交替循环。
参照图 24、 54、 55介绍路段行进中的动态排阵控制流程、 程序
信号控制可结合定区域、 动态排阵控制模式和车流运行模型, 通过车载或路载装置计算、 显示诱导 或自动操控车辆运行排阵通行。
1、 放行信号: 动态排阵的放行信号一般可采用监测感应式的自适应控制。
自适应控制模式: 即放行信号的监测感应控制, 根据动态排 P械定的车辆数、 排合阵组成情况和运 行状况等内容, 由控制模型预测计算与之适应的放行相位时间(该时间主要以测算首尾车驶离停车线的 时间差等方式进行),相位的始点,根据监测推算上一相位的结束时刻为准。但由于上一相位车流可能出 现的因速度变化偏差、 个别车滞后等因素的造成的结束时刻或前或后的偏差, 因此该相位始点也将是可 调整的(提前某段反应调整时间监测推算和最终尾车监测),该相位结束时刻应该是新始点影响下车阵速 度(有可能停顿)、 阵型变化后尾车的通过时刻。 各相位依次循环。 可选控制程序图如图 54。
分时 期控制模式: 根据历史资料, 计算确 ^^预设某一放行 ¾¾、 阵型状态下的预设放行相 位配时(基本为: L最大阵长/ V放行速度 +ί 正量, 有设计余量), 然后据此确定划分运行排阵车辆范围, 并通过 诱导, 使车 预设时刻接近到达并通过路口。 这里包括某些(如垂直向)相位也可采用, 常规的控制。
交通响应模式。 根据反映当前排合阵等交通状况的输入信息作出交 ¾ 应, 实现路段和路口的排合 阵 行控制。 一般输入量有: A: 未来排合阵交通情况预测: A、统检测器得到的流 *:流向数据预测未 来排合阵和放行情况。 B: 行驶的车 犬况:侧当前检测数据来调整以车队行驶排阵和车阵之间的间隔 情况为基础的放行信号变换间隔时间。 C: 方式匹配:检测得到的排合阵等交通数据经 i¾理计算并设置 杈重, 与储存器中的模型比较, 确定最佳方案。
注 4: 以上包括某向 (或进口)动态排阵而另向(进口)非动态排阵控制的情况。
2、 排阵状态控制。 运行动态排阵难以通过车外明确的信号控制显示完成, 一般要通过车载、 路载装 置的控制显示和指示诱导动态完成。 这将涉及到路线导航、 航迹(识别)诱导、 车辆识别检测、 车车间 位置探测保持和通信等。 因此, 不同于定区域排阵时的排阵配时等问题。 主要通过中央、 区域、 终端交 通控制系统或车载信息收发显示、 探测、 计算、 诱导、 自动驾驶等装置辅助或自动完成。 车辆根据各控 制阶段的运行和排阵状态(指示诱导)要求进行操控。列举一左转车的 制状态阶段的指示诱导情况。 如图 24中圆圈内左转车, 顺序经历了减速、 变道、 加速、 车 间距保持、 通行等控制阶段。 附: 路段 运行简易排合阵控制流程图, 如图 55。
综合排阵的排阵、 放行控制流程。
综合排阵控制是动态排阵和两种控制模式的协调运作。 综合排阵信号控制结合定区域和动态排阵控 制方式。 因综合排阵控制中前部分动态排阵的(完成状态)不确定性, 因此, 放行信号控制可以根据动 态排阵的完成状态进行 确定。 原理可结合前两种方式。 当然也可以根据监测信息预 ¾¾行信号, 据 此再进行动态排阵控制。 排阵(配时)控制的确定模式与动态排阵部分相同。
排阵控制中信号控制其他选项有: ①高峰流量分时平均控制, ②在各阵车流允许排阵时间范围允许 的 下, 应按各阵排阵总排阵能力与各阵来车流率或各阵容量的比例相一致的原则分配排阵时间, ③ 将无交又流向或相位相连和共用, ④阵列均 f言号控制。 参照图 56以定区域排阵为例介绍排阵控制系统结构、 原理、 流程; 参照图 57以定区域排阵为例介 绍排阵控制中自适应控制程序例;
总结定区域排阵控制的内容, 可列简要控制结构、 原理、 工作流程图: 如图 56
除基于流量变化调查数据的定时段排阵控制配时外, 如果建立自适应控制系统, 将大大提高排阵控 制的应用 «和¾¾性, 并能) 定时段控制配时中的许多设计 时间, 从而有效^ f氏排阵延误时间 和提高放排能力。 自适应控制系统中确 ^[行和排阵配时的原理和方法与定时段控制 目同, 不同的 是放行和排阵两套信号的协调运作问题。不同的路口、不同的放行和排阵方案、不同的技术^ 和要求, )艘了自适应控制运作方式的不同, 以例中的北口 C法为例, 描绘其工作流程简图, 如图 57, (预停线、 左转车道的合阵线、 右转车道的分阵线处, 应设置车辆自动检测感应装置, 通过增设的专门用于排阵的 控制设备或已有的计算机智能系统协调控制 )。
与非机动车的协调配合问题。
非机动车右转因不影响其它车流可忽略(另外为使非机动车右转顺利, 可将便道转角的部分缘线改 为坡道,以便右转非机动车通行,这种方法早已有用例 )。左转和直行非机动车在设有专用车道和相位时, 可直接按放行车道和相位通行, 混行时可釆用左转候车区二次等候控制方法。 当首阵不是直行且非机动 车各向混行时, 直行机动车可侧二次等车法。 另外, 在非机动车道宽度允许的 下, 也可 非机 动车排阵控制。
本控制方法中, 若没有非机动车问题, 将大大 氏排阵控制的难度。
补充说明: 为技术表述的充分, 这里增加排阵控制方式举例: 如图 58— 71。
如增加了阵区简化、逐次或多排排阵、连续或非连续排阵放行、借用对向非机动车 机动车道等控 制例图。 不同排阵、 放行控制, 装置设施、 配时模型、控制程序等也都需相应调整(如图 71-1/2中左转 车通过对行车道的时机控制还应考虑对行车流的情况, 尽量选择在对行车流的低密度、 少车或无车的空 挡时段, 还涉及借道行驶的时间等问题; 如图 60的间隔相位和图 62的某向间隔周期等情况的排、 放配 时, 将交叉向的对应排、放配时统一考虑设计; 图 71- 2是各断面依次或交错、 重叠放行的情况下借 用对向车道的例子, 图 71-3是借用对向车道调头的例子, 于禁左后调头右转实 转的情况,调头 可设多口,或在路口实现, 如在调头车道与直行交替排放。借用对向车道还可配合虛线所示辅道), i 本原理相同。 另外, 借用对向车道可对出口车道的 ί魏辅以信号控制、 监控装置和其它标线 i 等。 右 转不排时, 若排阵出现车道不对称, 可将右转后置参加排阵, 尽量形成对称排阵(这也是排阵控制的优 化原则之一), 如左、 直、 直、 右的四车道情况, 当然须考虑流量对车道分配的要求, 这些也可配合路口 改造实现。
注 5: 排阵控制模型可运用排队论和波动论等交通流理论得以验证和描述, 实际观测和模拟实验均 证明了车流排阵控制运行的实际可行性, 并初步积累了有关基础参数。 文中有关数学公式、 模型的推导 和计算中, 表达形式、 参变量和系数的确定, 可根据不同要求、 实际情况和应用结果进行修正(如平均 车¾ 车间距、放行车头平均时距、疏散波传导均速、加速均速等)。另外,杈利要求和说明书中的选项, 一 例举的可选择内容。

Claims

杈 利 要 求
1、一种交通控制方法,其特征在于设有路载或车载的排阵通行控制装置,及辅助排阵控制的相关交 通标志、 标线、 隔离 通 ¾¾置«, 引导指示控制机动车、 非机动车各向或若干向的^^或部分 车流, 在路口、 路段, 按照预设或自动感应调控优化和智能的程序步骤, 以至少某一时段多向多车道或 多 多点车流同时排列车阵或逐次轮流排列车阵的控制方式, 排列成若干阵型、 阵序、 阵量、 阵速可 变的有序阵列, 实现多车道无交叉或少交叉的车流连续排阵通行或非连续排阵通行; 有路段行进中的动 态排阵, 有在路口、 路段 排阵区域的定区域排阵, 有前两者结合的综合排阵三大类控制方式; 其中 所述车 "阵", 包含车辆队列的各种 ^ 形式。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的交通控制方法,其特征在于形成车流连续排阵通行或非连续排阵通行的控 制, 或者在排阵控制完成后, 在没有通行指示诱^ ί言号控制或自动搡控的情况下, 通过路口、路段通行; 形成车流连续排阵通行, 有控制选项: 法 Α:同断面某两向车流同阵或同相放行, 形成连续排阵通行; 法 Β: 以左、 直、 右或右、 直、 左的连续阵序循环放行; 法 C: 一向连续通行阵序为直、 左 /右、 右 /左, 另 一向为右 /左、 左 /右、 直; 法 D: 法 B、 C之外的, 多或缺流向、 车阵、 相位, 右转一直通行或借相 通行, 丁字、 多叉各种 形路口情况下的连续排阵通行控制; 以上控制方式的借相、 早断迟启、 多或缺 流向或车阵、 多或缺相位、 特殊要求下的各种 衍生连续排阵通行控制, 均属于各自范畴; 形成至少 某一时段含组合向的多向多车道或多段或多点车流同时排阵或逐次轮流排阵控制中, 形成至少某一时段 含组合向的多向多车道或多誠多点车流同时排 控制选项: 衞 i/错阵区排阵、合阵、借道排阵、跟 行排阵、 组合 /混合排阵, 错位 /错阵区排阵: 控制诱导车流的 、 方向、 间距、 位置、德、状态, 或控制阵区、 排阵通 排阵 台点、 分、 合流控制点的设置分布, 错开排阵需要的通道和空间, 形成 至少某一时段多向多车道或多賊多点车流同时排阵的控制步骤和方式; 合阵: 在动、 静态阵区或运行 队列中控制若干列、 段的部分车流填充、 合并阵列的控制步難和方式, 有链式移位和逐车通过式控制, 可分段合阵, 也可逐次合阵; 借道排阵为: 控制车流借用对行或非本车类车道的部分空间排阵的控制步 骤和方式; Μ立与跟行排阵为: 控制后续车流随前序阵列 立、跟行排阵的控制步骤和方式; 组合 /混合 排阵为: 车流在方向、 队列、 次序组合或混合的状态下进行排阵的控制步骤和方式; 这些控制可以相互 结 ; 逐次轮流排阵控制: 控制 向车流或各车道车流逐向或逐车道轮流在排阵区域或车队行进 中进行排阵的步骤和方式; 控制车辆排阵包括步骤:
某断面某方向或车道或某段或某点的车辆 X:
步骤 yl: 通过装置设施进行包含方向、 分向、 合向、 速度、 间距、 位置、 次序、 车道调整、 状态、 信息若干控制选项的指示诱导控制或辅助 /自动搡控;
步骤 y2: 通 置«进行包含方向、分向、合向、分 /合流控制点、 ¾¾、 间距、位置、 、车 道调整、状态、信息控制选项的的指示诱导控制或辅助 /自动搡控,控制车 ¾Λ排阵区域或行进车队中 或外的某位置;
步驟 y2+n: 通 置«进行包含方向、 分向、 合向、 分 /合流控制点、 ¾¾、 间距、 位置、 、 车道调整、状态、信息控制选项的的指示诱导控制或辅助 /自动操控,控制车辆 排阵区域或行进车队 中或外的另一位置, 。为>0的整数, 步骤 y2+n为 y2后的 0或若干个步骤;
上述步 « yl、 y2 ^« y2, y2+n步骤可以一次或多次循环;
其它方向或车道或某 «某点的车辆排阵控制步骤同上;
以多向多车道或多 多点车流同时排阵的方式控制时, 各方向或各车道, 或各段各点的车辆排阵 控制步骤循环至少在某一时段重叠, 以逐次轮流排阵方式控制时, 步骤依次循环, 排阵、 合阵控制有次 序选项;
排阵控制步骤之后, 若有通行指示诱导控制或辅助 /自动操控, 则增加相应的通行控制或搡控步骤, 若没有通行指示诱导控制或自动操控, 则无通行控制或搡控步骤。
3、 根据杈利要求 1所述的交通控制方法, 其特征在于各路口和路段, 路口和路段的各进口、 断面、 车道、 流向使用相应的排阵控制方式或与常规控制结合使用; 适用于路段或路口的含非机动车道的至少 两条车道, 各种相位控制方式, 左、 右行制和剩 ΐ交通均可, 并有畸型路口, 亍路口, 排阵控制区域 向上雌移, 借用对行车道、 非机动车道、 部分路口空间, 高速路, 环岛, 匝道, 不能封闭的较近相邻 路口, 临时排阵, 多或缺流向、 车阵、 相位, 右转一直通行或借相通行的各种衍生控制方式;
畸型、 单行路口根据路口构造和流量、 流向情况进行排阵控制; 借用非机动车道控制选项: m. 置¾控制非机动车停车位置或部分车流路段内向上游错后, 控制机动车借用留出的一段非机动车 ^ 区域或运行动态排阵, 德动车放行某阵或某相 ΐ 时段内或之后非机动车跟行; 借用对行车道有控制 选项: 在未设隔离设施或有开口或利用提前路口的情况下, 某向或某若干车道或某段或某点车流按照预 设或感应控制诱导信号或自动操控, 在不影响对行车流正常通行的时段内借用部分逆向车道排阵通行; 环岛排阵控制选项: 在进口或环行道上设置排阵控制装置和排阵区域和相关标志、 标线 «, 控制诱导 车流在进口或环行道上排阵或环流让行和速度诱导; 临时排阵控制选项: 某若干车道来车较少或无来车 或临时需要时, 通过检测实时控制或定时段控制, 控制诱导上游的来车速度或临时阻滞原向来车, 阶段 性将这样车道调整为其他向车流排阵通行使用; 使用停车线外的部分路口空间排阵放行选项; 公交专用 道和公交车优先方案中的排阵控制选项; 不能封闭的相邻较近路口控制选项: 将阵区范围延长, 调整或 增加相应的放行、 排阵所涉及的控制装置和程序步骤, 原理类同。
4、 根据杈利要求 1所述的交通控制方法, 其特征在于有阵列均衡控制选项, 即如何使各阵列整齐、 各阵列阵长尽量均等或通行时间尽量相同一致的控制, 有选项: 包括单个进口和不同进口各车阵的阵列 均衡, 排阵通道和阵列的排量分配均衡, Α: 静态和动态运行中的阵长均衡控制,根据流量和交通流模型 计算并预设各阵列排阵的信号控制时间, 或通过实时监测、 计算 ^各阵列的车辆的累积排队长度, 进 行对比预定参数和程序引导车辆 ¾Λ短列; Β: 速度诱导均衡, 通过检 /监测各阵列特别是尾车疏散传导 «、 排放运行¾¾或阵列的长度变化, 经计算和程序调用, 以¾¾诱导的形式控制最终各阵列放行时 间的均衡; C: ?|啦跟行和相位绿信连续, 将若干连续车阵作为 », ί細 立跟行和相位绿信连续的控 制; D: 均衡分割流量或配时, 某时段内某向或某阵列来车 控制平衡分割流量或信号配时, 以运行 中或停车排队控制方式将 ¾¾流量先控制在路段内, 与后序周期流量匹配的控制; Ε: Ρ车列组合, 控制阵 列合理组合排阵, 实现阵平衡; F: 以上技术的相互组合。
5、根据权利要求 1所述的交通控制方法,其特征在于路段行进中的动态排阵有先分向后排阵、混合 排阵、 错位排阵控制选项; 有釆用以车数为参照的路面截断和时戯 '汾, 或以车流密度为参照的组团划 分确定划分排阵车流范围的控制选项: Α、检测某点通过流量达预定值时, 由控制系统确定尾车分隔, 并 进行控制诱导, 形成车流间隔; Β、 由两个以上检 /监测装置测得有明显密度间隔的车流, 确定尾车, 进 行分 ¾ ^距控制; C、 前两者结合, 有选项: 测得一定车数时, 若后续还有较密集车流, 在规模允许情况 下, 可适当将后续车流纳入, 有间隔时硝认 以密集车团划分较小时, 也可后续部分车流, 并监测 控制数量; 综合排阵有选项: 定区域排阵和路段动态排阵控制交替进行, 先控制路段队列分向和运行到 达状态后定区域排阵控制, 先完成到路段行进排阵控制中某一步骤阶段, ¾ 排阵区时再完成剩余步骤 的控制。
6、根据杈利要求 1所述的交通控制方法,其特征在于包括排阵与通行控制模型、枳械或电路控制流 程和计算机预测、仿真、控制程序; 并涉及其它选项: 避让最长车的控制, 在阵末端划出此车位或设监 / 检测装置进行婦测并用信号装置显示; 信号显示避遮挡控制, 有路载的上方、侧方、地面及护栏、 隔 离设施设显示装置的多位或移动显示或车载显示控制选项; 车道 /安全变道区防占挡控制或设计, 选项: 由信号、信息指 /提示或控制, 或通过检 /监测、 信号控制设计或阵长余量设计、 阵列阵型调整、 变道区 可变错后方式, 控制车流禁止在安全变道区停留, 或可能占挡安全变道区前, 改在引导区或预停线外继 续预排, 变道区在排阵末尾时, 可用做最后一些车辆的 N 位置; 车 向调整和调变车道控制; 重流 车道指示控制; 预测和仿真控制; 公交优先、 事故检 /监测、 排放物估算控制; 机、 非协调控制, 非机动 车可分向通行或排阵通行, 或结合二次等候控制; 常规控制和排阵控制转换, 有釆用非传统全红排空方 式的部分车流跟行推压排空或预设断流或减速控制,或在某排阵控制循环点或时段进行转换的控制选项, 及车道调整控制, 排阵可变标线、 标志、 信号的对应变换控制选项, 可设计应急电源以及信号过渡控制 到常规或人控状态。
7、 根据杈利要求 1所述的交通控制方法, 其特征在于定区域排阵控制有选项: a. 车流依次 ^阵 区, 自前向后顺序排阵的排阵顺序; b. 自最远距其它车道向本车道依次排列的排阵车道顺序(也可随要 求变化做其他变化调整); c 立跟行; d 远位分向与分排, 车流在接近阵区前和 ^阵区排阵时须及 早分向或分向排阵, 保障提前分向成列或合理的远位分向排阵曲线; e. 大型车辆优先 本车道和邻 近车道; f. 放净, 所有车辆不准在排阵通道内停留影响正常排阵通行, 未能在相应相位内放净的车辆 尽量随后序相位控制放行,选项: 由图形或文字的信号显示此指示,或者预先设计信号余量、迟启早断或 早启迟断、 相位连续 /ripplechange, 或者由设置的检 /监测器根据监控阵列放行情况, 调整排、 放行信 号控制, 或是结 言号遥控和管理, 实 净; g. 借相, 某方向或某若干队列或某段车流利用其它相位 通行的控制; h. 应急控制, 当出现车辆 净, 或出现故障、 事故车辆挡住车道时, 启动应急控制, 选 项: 通过检 /监测自动调整, 或遥 人工控制信号指示, 暂时封闭被挡住车道, 同时 ί 他相应的排、 放控制调整, 待阻挡车辆排除后再恢复, 或者直接转换到常规控制; 路段行进动态排阵除参照定区域排 阵控制外, 还有控制选项: 、 间距保持和诱导指示,车辆按照排阵控制提供的 ¾¾、 间距指示和 信息运行, 通过自动探测保持技术或目测识别形成阵列; b. 尽量组团编队; c 变道示信和相机原则, 随守控制诱导指示外, 车辆变道行驶必须提前给出动作信号, 并相机而行; d. 跟行, 动态排 p械连动 性,应尽量保持跟行前车, 分向前后均劇; e. 提前分向,尽量 1 ^向提前在远距路! ^前一路口完成; f. 保樹立置,某些车恰在应排阵序位置时, 排阵控制中尽量保持其位置; g. 运行错位排阵; h. 诱导减 少停车, 主要通过控制 和到达时间实现;综合排阵除参照定区域和动态排阵控制外, 还有控制选项: a.定区域排阵控制优先, 当车队接近引导区和排阵区域时,无 行到何种排阵状态,应按定区域控制, 即使前后控制不统一; b. 安全变速, 排阵的状态转换中必须控制安全减速或停车。
8、根据杈利要求 1所述的交通控制方法, 其特征在于采用定时、 感应、 自适应、 交通响应、智能控 制方式, 包括结合或建立排阵控制下的绿波、 迟启早断或早启迟断为典型代表的各类现控制技术, 部分 或^的动态、 综合排阵绿波, 实现排阵信号协调的控制的选项; 涉及排阵控制信号配时及程序錄设 等内容时, 有选项: A、定区域排,制信号配时可以是先确^ [行配时后确定排阵配时、先确定排阵配 时后确 ^[行配时、 连动协调优化、 预测癇定方式, 放行控制按 #有扩展或修正的传统控制模型或排 阵控制模型配时, 排阵控制按排阵控制模型配时, 放行和排阵信号配时的协调根据控制要求确定, 确定 对应阵、 列的排阵、 放行配时循环始点时差 X, 在尽量减少延误要求下, 取保守高效模式和理想高效模 式的中间范围值, 有可选公式: X=K{ (Τ周- Τ疏) +[Τ周 - (G_T行)] } , K=l/2或其它合适值, G为断面 相应总相位时间, 无严格延误要求时, X可以超出保守高效模式的范围; 各车道可分别排时序, 包括分 段方式, 相同的可^ Κ 各时序循环可重叠, 可顺次循环; Β、 路段运行动态排阵控制,信号控制可结合 定区域、 动态排阵控制模式和车流运行模型, 通过车载或路载装置计算、 显示诱导或自动搡控车辆运行 排阵通行; C、 综合排阵信号控制结合^ B; 信号控制其他选项有:①高峰流量分时平均控制, ②在各阵 车流允许排阵时间范围允许的 下, 应按各阵排阵总排阵能力与各阵来车流率或各阵容量的比例相一 致的原则分配排阵时间, ③将无交叉流向或相位相连和共用, ④阵列均衡信号控制。
9、与权利要求 1所述交通控制方法相适应的装置设施,其特征在于路载或车载的至少机、 非一项的 排阵通行控制处 S¾置, 排阵、 通行指示诱导控制装置或搡控执行装置, 及相关的标志、 标线、 隔离设 施,及其它选项装置: 检 /监测、信息显示诱导、信标、 通信、 定位、 导航、 航迹诱导识别、 车位探测保 持、 行驶控制各种装置; 装置 按排阵控制要求设置, 包括与原有装置 i 的结^ «, 有进行排阵 控制及相关辅助控制的功能或程序, 可以是传驗置«的新用途、新连接或改进型,或者是新型装置, 或者是功能部件或功能模块, 之间可多种组合, 其中至少部分装置健的设 »式、 或功能、 或结构、 或原理、或流程、或程序不同于传统的交通控制装置 «; 机、 非装置可单设或合并; 有选项: 定区域、 动态、 综合排阵控制可用路载或车载装置控制, 可车载和路载装置结合, 这时各项装置将可灵活结合使 用, 可有不用或少用某些路载或车载装置情况下的车载或路载排阵、 通行控制的设备, 包括单车排阵控 制处理设备: ^# ^辆设备根据有关排 /放信息计算处理进行排 /放控制, 多车排阵控制处理设备: 对点、 线、 面车辆根据有关排 /放信息统一计算处理进行多车排 /放控制, 于排阵控制的车内其他装置; 有 简易配置选项: 设分向、 识距标线、检 /监测»测分向流量, 控制装置运算处理并发出在排阵信息板显 示的含方向、 ¾¾、 车距、 阵序、排阵状态图形、错位方式、加 /减速的排阵诱 言息和指令, 实 行 动态排阵。
10、根据杈利要求 1、 9所述的装置 β, 其特征在于排阵控制处 ¾¾驱动装置为一组或多组, 单设 或与其他装置合并, 为独立装置或专用装置或综合型装置或中央控制处理系统, 可以是若干传统控制处 理装置间或者传统与专用或改进型装置的组合或改进, 点、 线、 面皆可; 有排阵通行控制仿真、 预测、 优化、智能功能选项; 可以是包含排阵通行控制的类似或非类似 SCOOT和 SCAT的控制系统和各类智能交 通系统, 包括应用于交通控制的自适应、 智能、 专家、 模糊、 神经、 各类控制模式; 排阵控制处 «置 除应有常规功能和排阵控制程序 /配时功能外,有放行控制程序 /配时、排阵放行程序 /配时模型、 时段与 相位划分、排阵显示 /信息诱导、车道调整与控制状态转换与排阵有关的各选项; 路载或车载排阵和放行 信号装置及其它显示诱导装置, 可以是非传统信号 "灯"形式的电光信号像素板等形式的电子或机械的 装置, 可以是分接拼装式装置; 包括有排阵 /信息控制器和排阵 /信息图形 /文字产生器及其它常 部件组成的显示诱导装置; 一组或多组, 单设或与其他装置合并, 有方向、 排阵通行及控制状态、 信息 图文显示形式, 并有分向、 合向、 车道标对与调整、 排阵和通行指示诱导、 诱导、 状态及信息、 机 非控制多种控制显示选项, 其中方向显示包括一向、 多向、 交叉向、 分向、 合向多种形式, 状 括阵 列即时排阵 /合阵状态、 空位情况、运行情况、各阵列增 /减变化状态选项; 可设在车 路段、 引导区、 阵区、本向或对向进口道、 路口中心各易观察位置, 可对应每个车道或若干车道设置; 装置选项: A、检 / /探测装置包括方向、 Ά 车型、 阵列、 P车型、 位置、 占有率、 放净、 排 /放状态检/ ¾ /探测选项, 可以是闭环式和超声波式车辆传感器、 红外、 激光、 微波、 光电管、 视频检测、 信标、 电子标签备类装 改进型,包括散点光 /微波遮挡检测专用装置,设地下或地上的信号发射器和接收器,检测信号被车 辆阻断的情况, 及只在引导区、 变道区、 阵内最后车位等若干点位设置检测器的排阵定点检测; B、排阵 信息显示诱导装置包括光镜反射、 航空领域的 "平显"多重视像显示技术装置, 包括车载音频激发、 车 内车外转向灯激发诱导装置; C、 通信系统, 有线或无线, 路车间通信或车车间全方位通信, 包括应用 CDMA技术和设备; d、信标、 排阵定位、 导航、 航迹诱导识别、包括阵型 /车距的车位探测保持、 通过车 载或路载的单方或两者的传感器获得外部信息, 实现减速、 制动、 转向、 变道、 显示排阵操控的行驶控 制装置、 违章摄像、 中央线变移装置、 全视角探测、 远位分向装置;标志、 标线、 装置、 包括能用 装置设备感应识别的磁钉、 电缆、 标志带形式, 可设在隔离带、 隔离护拦、 地面、 停车线夕 hf立置; 可固 定或移动式或传递设置显示; 所述的装置设施显示的形式和内容, 文字图形均可, 包括本发明中排阵和 通行状态控制流程图例和显示图例或衍生图例, 颜色、 形状、 内容、 状态、 位置可固定可变换, 控制转 换可人工可自动, 动态静态均可, 还包括音频和非传统显示形式;
有无形或有形的阵区 /线、 引导区 /线、 安全变道区 /线、 导向区 /线、 移位区 /线, 相关标志、标线设 施的设置和标示显示, 形式或固定或变化, 其中定区域控制中以路口原停车线为端线向后延伸, 根据需 要可划分为若干个阵区, 各阵区可并列或分设, 可沿路段依次连接, 可交叉重叠或转换, 可错位施划; 阵区末向上游延伸为引导区或者预停线, 并可错位施划; 若不设引导区或预停线, 用引导排阵的指示 / 显示标志,信号、信息装置进行显示和控制; 环岛和借用对行机、 非车道的有无形或有形阵区 /线和上述 其他区 /线可设在环行道、借用车 接¾ ^口位置、路段借道处、跨越对行车道覆盖通道的位置; 包括 可变标线或可变指示显示装置显示; 可移动式或传递显示式可变阵区和引导区或预停线有选项: 可移动 或传递显示的地面地下发光、 反光 i , 在昼 射或发光并易识别的受光或发光物质标线, 投影移动 照射装置; 阵长设计, 可为控制方案中各阵区内对应各向车流各时段, 特别是高峰时段允许容纳的最大 或适宜车列长度和必要时设置的变道安全距离, 或按控制要求和道路及交通状况确定, 其中变道安全距 离可以通行的最大型车的转弯要求和机动车运动轨迹的特性计算,同时安全车] 变道区 /线的位置要根 据流量和控制方式合理航, 包括设在排阵、 合阵通道和起点处的选项; 动态排阵控制中 内容可以 无形、 动态和变化。
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