WO2004054595A1 - A method for preparing low polar ginsenoside and aglucon thereof by catalytic pyrolysis - Google Patents

A method for preparing low polar ginsenoside and aglucon thereof by catalytic pyrolysis Download PDF

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WO2004054595A1
WO2004054595A1 PCT/CN2003/001055 CN0301055W WO2004054595A1 WO 2004054595 A1 WO2004054595 A1 WO 2004054595A1 CN 0301055 W CN0301055 W CN 0301055W WO 2004054595 A1 WO2004054595 A1 WO 2004054595A1
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acid
ginsenosides
ginsenoside
polar
protopanaxadiol
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Ling Yany
Ke-Jiang He
Peng Li
Yi Yang
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Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics of CAS
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/63Steroids; Derivatives thereof
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
    • A23L33/00Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/105Plant extracts, their artificial duplicates or their derivatives
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/7028Compounds having saccharide radicals attached to non-saccharide compounds by glycosidic linkages
    • A61K31/7034Compounds having saccharide radicals attached to non-saccharide compounds by glycosidic linkages attached to a carbocyclic compound, e.g. phloridzin
    • A61K31/704Compounds having saccharide radicals attached to non-saccharide compounds by glycosidic linkages attached to a carbocyclic compound, e.g. phloridzin attached to a condensed carbocyclic ring system, e.g. sennosides, thiocolchicosides, escin, daunorubicin
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/96Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution
    • A61K8/97Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution from algae, fungi, lichens or plants; from derivatives thereof
    • A61K8/9783Angiosperms [Magnoliophyta]
    • A61K8/9789Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A61P1/14Prodigestives, e.g. acids, enzymes, appetite stimulants, antidyspeptics, tonics, antiflatulents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/06Antihyperlipidemics
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/08Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
    • A61P3/10Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00Antineoplastic agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/02Immunomodulators
    • A61P37/04Immunostimulants
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/12Antihypertensives
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61QSPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q19/00Preparations for care of the skin
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23VINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2002/00Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the preparation of low-polar ginsenosides from ginsenosides or plants containing ginsenosides (which can be derived from rhizomes and leaves of ginseng, panax notoginseng, American ginseng, and Gynostemma pentaphyllum and their products such as white ginseng, red ginseng or its extracts, etc.)
  • the method in particular, relates to a method for preparing a ginsenoside derivative by pyrolysis using an acid as a catalyst.
  • Ginseng has a variety of physiological and pharmacological effects, such as anti-tumor, enhance immunity, improve microcirculation, stabilize blood pressure, regulate blood sugar, lower blood fat, soothe the nerves, anti-aging, anti-stress, regulate digestive function, prevent gastrointestinal ulcer, improve quality of life, Enhance memory and learning ability.
  • anti-tumor ginseng has: 1. Regulation of gene expression and differentiation of tumor cells; 2. Inhibition of tumor invasion and metastasis; 3. Inhibition of tumor-induced neovascularization; 4. Reduction of toxic and side effects of chemotherapy drugs; 5. Reverse tumor resistance, increase the sensitivity of chemotherapeutics, and enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy.
  • the medicinal forms of ginseng are fresh ginseng, white ginseng, and red ginseng.
  • the relationship between the three is that fresh ginseng is often dried at room temperature to obtain white ginseng, and steamed and dried to red ginseng.
  • Use experience and pharmaceutical research show that the efficacy of red ginseng is higher than that of white ginseng and fresh ginseng.
  • Modern research has further proved that the unique medicinal effects of red ginseng benefit from the natural trace or rare ingredients such as the unique Rg 2 , Rg 3 , R, Rk and polyacetylene compounds such as ginsynol.
  • the preparation of ginseng is only based on the appearance and texture of red ginseng, not the content of active ingredients.
  • the research of the present invention shows that malonate, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid in ginseng are natural catalysts for the pyrolysis of ginseng.
  • the catalyst in the present invention By quantitatively using the catalyst in the present invention, the reaction can be controlled, targeted and maximized. Preparation of low-polarity ginsenosides and their derivatives has great development and application value.
  • the invention provides a method for preparing a ginsenoside derivative using ginsenoside or a plant containing ginsenoside as a raw material.
  • the method is simple, convenient, and low in cost, and can be used to prepare low-polar ginsenosides and their derivatives on a large scale and in batches.
  • the raw materials used are any plants containing ginsenosides (such as rhizomes and leaves of ginseng, panax notoginseng, American ginseng, and Gynostemma pentaphyllum and their products) and their tissue cultures. , Root, stem, leaf, etc.) and any form (tissue block, powder or extract thereof), or monomer ginsenoside or a mixture of two or more monomer ginsenosides of any of the following purity: Natural ginsenoside: Rb ⁇ Rb 2 , Rb 3 , Rc, Rd, R gl , Re and Rf, etc .;
  • Glycol type ginsenosides with free 3 hydroxyl groups 20-O- ⁇ glucose-20 (S) -protopanaxadiol [20-O- ⁇ -D-glucopyranosyl -20 (S) -protopanaxadiol, CK for short], 20 -O- -L- arabinose (1-6)- ⁇ -D-glucose-20 (S) -protopanaxadiol [20- ⁇ - a -L-arabinopyranosyl (1-6)- ⁇ -D-glucopyranosyl 20 (S) -protopanaxadiol, CY for short, 20-O- -L-arabinose (1-6)- ⁇ -D-glucose-20 (S) -protopanaxadiol [20-O- ⁇ -L- ambinofuranosyl (1 ⁇ 6)- ⁇ -D-glucopyranosyl 20 (S)
  • the catalyst used is one of the following acids or two or more mixed acids.
  • Polybasic organic acids such as oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, butanedioic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, citric acid, adipic acid, phthalic acid, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, etc .
  • (2) ) -Methyl organic acids such as amino acids, uronic acid, formic acid, glacial acetic acid, lactic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, sulfosalicylic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, monofluoroacetic acid, two Fluoroacetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, monochloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, etc .
  • Inorganic acids such as boric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid
  • the pyrolysis temperature is 110 to 180 ° C, and the time is 0.5 to 10 hours.
  • the catalyst is an acid, and a wide range of options can be used. Inorganic strong acids such as nitric acid have great damage to saponins, and are not suitable for use as the final product is mostly food or pharmaceuticals. Comprehensive factors such as hydrolysis time, yield, process, cost and quality, malonic acid and succinic acid are the best choices.
  • the type of catalyst (acidity) and the amount (addition amount) are directly related to the pyrolysis temperature and reaction time: 1.
  • the relationship between the type and amount of the catalyst and the optimal temperature is that when the optimal temperature is exceeded, saponin destruction increases, and vice versa
  • the required pyrolysis time is prolonged; 2.
  • the amount of catalyst exceeds the most applicable amount, saponin destruction increases, and conversely, the required pyrolysis time increases.
  • the optimal molar ratio of ginsenoside to catalyst is 1: 0.3 ⁇ 1: 0.5
  • the optimal temperature for pyrolysis is 120 ° C
  • the optimal reaction time is 4 to 6 hours. .
  • pyrolysis needs to be performed in a closed container such as a pressure cooker, and the heating medium may be steam, air, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, an inert gas, or two or more of them.
  • the heating medium may be steam, air, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, an inert gas, or two or more of them.
  • non-steam a small amount of water should be added to the container to keep the raw materials moist and improve the reaction efficiency.
  • the prepared low-polar ginsenosides and their aglycones are: (1) Glycol type ginsenoside with free hydroxyl group at position 20
  • PPT Protopanaxatriol
  • aglycon lysates such as phenolic compounds and polyacetylenic compounds, the amount of which increases with increasing acidity, temperature, and time during pyrolysis.
  • the conversion rate of the raw ginsenoside is 96%, and the total yield of the main product is 90%.
  • the prepared product can be used in the form of a low-polar ginsenoside mixture and dried in a conventional method, and can be directly used in the fields of medicines, cosmetics, and health functional foods. It can also be combined with separation and purification technologies. Preparation of various low-polar ginseng soaps according to claim 2 in batches 5
  • the purified low-polar ginsenoside monomer or a mixture thereof can be prepared into various dosage forms by combining with various legal pharmaceutical or food excipients and complexing agents, and used in the fields of medicine, cosmetics and health functional foods; It can also be used as a raw material for the synthesis of other biologically active compounds.
  • the method is also applicable to triterpenoid saponins other than ginsenosides such as Notoginsenosides, Gypenosides, Vietnamese ginsenosides, and betene tetraol.
  • Betulafolientetraol > Betulafolientetraol A, Betulafolienpentaol, Dammarenediol, Dama-24-ene-3 ⁇ , 20-diol-3- Acetate (Dammar-24-ene-3 ⁇ , 20-diol-3-acetate). Hydroxyldammarenone Octillone, Kapurol, Borneol Kapurone, Dryobalanone, Dryobalanonoloic acid, etc.
  • triterpenoid saponins or plants containing these triterpenoid saponins (including any part of the plant and any existing forms such as tissue blocks, powders or extracts thereof, etc.) or plant cultures containing these triterpenoid saponins as starting materials,
  • the corresponding low-polar triterpenoid saponins or aglycones of triterpenoid saponins are prepared.
  • the invention clarifies the catalyst required for the high-temperature pyrolysis of ginsenosides, solves the necessary or necessary conditions for the high-temperature pyrolysis conversion of red ginseng to produce natural ginsenosides, and provides a simple and efficient method for the large-scale preparation of low-polar ginsenosides.
  • the method provided by the present invention is used to prepare low-polar ginsenosides and derivatives thereof.
  • the process is simple, the quality is controllable, the aglycon conversion rate of the raw material is high (96%), and the total yield of the main product aglycon is high (90%). low cost.
  • various low-polarity ginsenoside monomers can be prepared in large quantities.
  • Glycol ginsenoside (25g) and 45% malonic acid aqueous solution (5ml) were soaked and mixed, put in an autoclave, and pyrolyzed at 120 ° C for 5 hours. Pyrolysis products (HPLC analysis showed that the pyrolysis conversion rate was 96%, the main products were 20- (R) -Rg 3 , 20- (S) -Rg 3 , Rg 5 and 13 ⁇ 4), and 100 mL of water was added The solution formed a suspension, which was extracted three times with methylene chloride. After dichloromethane was removed from the aqueous phase under reduced pressure, 30 ml of ethanol (1000 ml) was added thereto.
  • the triol-type ginsenoside (25g) was mixed with a 45% aspartic acid aqueous solution (5ml), mixed and placed in an autoclave, and pyrolyzed at 120 ° C for 5 hours.
  • Pyrolysis products HPLC analysis shows that the pyrolysis conversion rate is 96%, and the main products are 20 (R) -Rg 2 , 20 (S) -Rg 2 , Rg 6 , F 4 , 20- (R) -Rh ⁇ 20- (S) -Rh !, Rh 4 and Rk 3 ), adding 100 mL of an aqueous solution to form a suspension, extracting three times with dichloromethane, removing the dichloromethane from the aqueous phase under reduced pressure, and then adding 30% to it 1000 ml of ethanol, and the dissolved solution was subjected to adsorption resin column chromatography.
  • Glycol ginsenoside 25g was soaked with 9mol / L sulfuric acid (5ml), mixed, placed in an autoclave, and pyrolyzed at 120 ° C for 5 hours. Pyrolysis products (HPLC analysis shows that the pyrolysis conversion rate is 96%, and the products are side chain cyclic panaxadiol PD and a small amount of 20 (R) -Rh 2 , 20 (S) -Rh 2 , Rh 3 and Rk 2 ), Add 1,000 mL of water to dissolve, perform adsorption resin column chromatography to elute 30% ethanol to remove impurities, and then elute with 90% ethanol to recover low-polar saponins.
  • Glycol ginsenoside 25g was soaked in 50% formic acid aqueous solution (5mL), placed in an autoclave, and pyrolyzed at 120 ° C for 5 hours.
  • HPLC analysis of the pyrolysis products showed that the pyrolysis conversion was ⁇ 96%, and the products were mainly 20 (R) -Rh 2 , 20 (S) -Rh 2 , Rh 3 , Rk 2 and PD.
  • Ginsenoside CK (5.0g) was wet-mixed with 45% glucuronic acid (5 mL), placed in an autoclave, and pyrolyzed at 120 ° C for 5 hours. HPLC analysis of the pyrolysis product showed that the conversion rate was 96% The products are mainly 20- (R) -PPD, 20- (S) -PPD, A 20 ( 21 ) -PPD and ( 22 ) -PPD. In the latter, 1000 mL of 40% ethanol was added to dissolve it, and adsorption resin column chromatography was performed (after 40% ethanol eluting and removing impurities, eluting with 90% ethanol to recover low-polar saponin).
  • Ginsenoside (5.0g) was wet-mixed with 68% glycine (5 mL), placed in an autoclave, and pyrolyzed at 120 ° C for 5 hours. HPLC analysis of the pyrolysis product showed that the conversion rate was 96%, and the product was mainly 20- (R) -PPT, 20- ( S) -PPT, ⁇ 20 (21) -PPT and 2 (22) -PPT (). The latter was dissolved by adding 1000 mL of water, and subjected to adsorption resin column chromatography. After 30% ethanol was used to remove impurities, eluted with 90% ethanol to recover low-polar saponins.
  • the ethanol in the collected solution was removed under reduced pressure, and a large amount of precipitate (6.4 g) was precipitated.

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Description

一种催化热解制备低级性人参皂苷及其苷元的方法 技术领域:
本发明涉及由人参皂苷或含有人参皂苷的植物 (可来源于人参、 三七、 西洋参和绞股蓝等的根茎叶及其制品如白参、 红参或其提取物等)制备低极 性人参皂苷的方法, 特别是涉及到以酸为催化剂、 高温热解制备人参皂苷衍 生物的方法。
背景技术:
人参具有多种生理和药理作用, 如抗肿瘤、 增强免疫、 改善微循环、 平 稳血压、 调节血糖、 降血脂、 安神、 抗衰老、 抗紧张、 调节消化机能、 预防 消化道溃疡、 提高生命质量、 增强记忆及学习能力等。 在抗肿瘤方面, 人参 具有: 1、调控肿瘤细胞的基因表达和促分化; 2、抑制肿瘤的浸润和转移; 3、 抑制肿瘤诱导的新生血管生成; 4、 降低化疗药物的毒副作用; 5、 逆转肿瘤 耐药性、 提高化疗药灵敏度、 增强化疗疗效等。
人参的药用形式有鲜参、 白参和红参, 三者的关系是鲜参经常温干燥获 白参, 而经蒸制后干燥为红参。 使用经验和药学研究表明红参的药效高于白 参和鲜参。 现代研究进一步证明红参的独特药效得益于其中含特有的 Rg2、 Rg3、 R 类、 Rk类和多炔类化合物如人参炔醇等天然微量或稀有成分。传统 上, 人参的炮制仅以红参的外观与质地而非有效成分的含量为标准。 近来, 日本专利公开 (62-158490)报道了人参组织培养物经 110〜160°C高温处理 后,其中人参皂苷 Rh类含量大幅度提高;美国专利( 5776460 )报道了经 120〜 180°C处理 0.5〜20小时后, 人参中低极性皂苷增高了 20〜40倍。 但是, 两 个专利均未涉及高温热解的转化机理, 其结果是仅仅控制温度, 人参热解产 物的质和量均无法恒定,也即不同批次的产品中天然人参皂苷的转化率不同, 产品中低极性皂苷的含量和比例各异。美国专利(5776460)显示, 三醇型人 参皂苷经高温热解后, 多数转化为挥发性物质, 无法大量获得所需皂苷如 Rg2、 F4、 Rg6、 R Rh4和 Rk3等。
本发明的研究表明, 人参中的丙二酸、 天冬氮酸和谷氨酸等是人参热解 的天然催化剂, 通过定量使用本发明中的催化剂, 反应可控, 可目标化和最 大化地制备低极性微量人参皂苷及其衍生物, 开发和应用价值极大。
发明的技术内容:
本发明提供了一种以人参皂苷或含有人参皂苷的植物为原料的人参皂苷 衍生物的制备方法, 本法简单、 方便、 成本低, 可大规模、 批量地制备低极 性人参皂苷及其衍生物, 其特征为催化剂和高温热解 (或蒸制) 是本发明的 必须或必要条件。
本发明所提供的方法中,所用原料为任何含有人参皂苷的植物(如人参、 三七、 西洋参和绞股蓝等的根茎叶及其制品) 及其组织培养物, 所述植物可 以任何部位 (如须、 根、 茎叶等)和任何形式 (组织块、 粉末或其提取物) 存在, 或下述任何纯度的单体人参皂苷或二至多种单体人参皂苷混合物: 天然人参皂苷: Rb^ Rb2、 Rb3、 Rc、 Rd、 Rgl、 Re和 Rf等;
3位羟基游离的二醇型人参皂苷: 20-O- β 葡萄糖 - 20(S)-原人参 二醇 [20-O- β -D-glucopyranosyl -20(S)-protopanaxadiol,简称 C-K]、20-O- -L- 阿拉伯糖 (1—6) - β -D-葡萄糖 -20(S)-原人参二醇 [20-Ο- a -L-arabinopyranosyl (1—6)- β -D-glucopyranosyl 20(S)-protopanaxadiol , 简称 C-Y]、 20-O- -L-阿 拉伯糖 (1—6) - β -D-葡萄糖 -20(S)-原人参二醇 [20-O- α -L-ambinofuranosyl (1 →6)- β -D-glucopyranosyl 20(S)-protopanaxadiol,简称 Mc〗和 20-O- β -D-木糖- β -D-葡萄糖 -20(S)-原人参二醇 [20-O- β -D -xylopyranosyl(l→ 6)- β -D-glucopyranosyl- 20(S)-protopanaxadiol , 简称 Mx]; 6位羟基游离的三醇型人参皂苷: 20-O- β -D-葡萄糖 -20 ( S ) -原人参二 醇 [20-Ο- β -D- glucopyranosyl-20(S)-protopanaxatriol, 简称 F!]。
本发明所提供的方法中, 所用催化剂为下述酸中的一种酸或二至多种混 合酸。(1)多元有机酸如草酸、 丙二酸、 丁二酸、 丁烯二酸、 酒石酸、 苹果酸、 柠檬酸、 已二酸、 苯二甲酸、天冬氨酸、 谷氨酸等; (2)—元有机酸如氨基酸、 糖醛酸、 甲酸、 冰醋酸、 乳酸、 丙酸、 丁酸、 戊酸、 苯甲酸、 水杨酸、 磺基 水杨酸、 苯磺酸、 一氟乙酸、 二氟乙酸、 三氟乙酸、 一氯乙酸、 二氯乙酸、 三氯乙酸等; (3)无机酸如硼酸、 盐酸、 硫酸、 磷酸等。 人参皂苷与催化剂的 摩尔比为 1 : 0.01〜1: 1 ; 催化剂的使用方式为将催化剂制备成水溶液与原料 浸润混合后蒸制。
本发明所提供的方法中, 热解温度为 110〜180°C, 时间为 0.5〜10小时。 本发明所提供的方法中, 催化剂为酸, 可选用范围较宽。 硝酸等无机强 酸对皂苷破坏大,且因最终产品多为食品或药品而不宜使用。综合水解时间、 收率、工艺过程、成本和质量等多方面的因素, 丙二酸和丁二酸为最佳选择。 催化剂的种类 (酸性强弱) 和用量 (添加量) 直接与热解温度和作用时间密 切相关: 1、催化剂的种类和用量与最适温度的关系为超过最适温度时,皂苷 破坏增多, 反之, 所需热解时间延长; 2、催化剂用量超过最适用量时, 皂苷 破坏增多, 反之, 所需热解时间增长。 以催化剂丙二酸和丁二酸为例, 人参 皂苷与催化剂的最适摩尔比为 1 : 0.3〜1: 0.5, 热解最适温度为 120°C, 最 适反应时间在 4〜6小时间。
本发明所提供的方法中, 热解需在密闭容器如高压锅中进行, 加热介质 可为蒸汽、 空气、 二氧化碳、 氮气、 惰性气体或其中二至多种混合气体。 使 用非蒸汽作为加热介质时, 容器中应加入少量水, 以保持原料湿润, 提高反 应效率。
本发明所提供的方法中, 所制备的低极性人参皂苷及其苷元为: (1) 20位羟基游离的二醇型人参皂苷
人参皂苷 20-(R)-Rg3、 20-(S)-Rg3、 20-(R)-Rh2. 20-(S)-Rh2;
(2) 20位羟基游离的三醇型人参皂苷
人参皂苷 20-(R)-Rg2、 20-(S)-Rg2
Figure imgf000005_0001
(3) 20位烯键的二醇型人参皂苷
^20(21)_二醇型人参皂昔: ^ 、 ;
20(22)—二醇型人参皂苷: Rg53Rs4
(4) 20位烯键的三醇型人参皂苷
^20(21)—三醇型人参皂苷: Rg6、 ^3、 Rs7
Δ20(22) -三醇型人参皂苷: F4、 R 4、 Rs6;
(5) 二醇型人参皂苷苷元
原人参二醇(protopanaxadiol,PPD);
(6)三醇型人参皂苷苷元
原人参三醇( protopanaxatriol, PPT );
(7)二醇型人参皂苷苷元衍生物
3β, 12 β-二羟 -20 (21), 24 (25) -二烯-达玛烷 [dammar-3 β , 12 β -dihydroxyl-20(21), 24(25)-diene, 简称 。(21)-PPD]、
3β , 12 β-二羟 -20 (22), 24 (25) -二烯-达玛垸 [dammar-3 β , 12 β -dihydroxyl-20(22), 24(25)-diene,简称/ ^2()(22)-PPD];
(8)三醇型人参皂苷苷元衍生物
3β, 6α , 12 β-三羟 -20 (21), 24 (25) -二烯-达玛烷 [dammar-3 β , 6 α , 12 β -trihydroxyl-20(21), 24(25)-diene,简称 20(21)-ΡΡΤ]、
3β, 6α , 12 β-三羟 -20 (22), 24 (25) -二烯-达玛垸 [dammar-3 β , 6 α , 12 β - trihydroxyl-20(22), 24(25)-diene,简称 Zl2°(22)-PPT]。 本发明所提供的方法中, 不同原料将得到不同的热解产物如表 1所示:
表 1. 不同原料在不同条件下的热解产物
Figure imgf000006_0001
此外, 还有苷元裂解物如酚类化合物、 多炔类化合物等, 其量随热解 时酸性增强、 温度升高和时间延长而增加。
本发明所提供的方法中, 原料人参皂苷的转化率 96%, 主产物的总收 率 90%。
本发明所提供的方法中, 所制备的产物可以以低极性人参皂苷混合物的 形式、 经常规方法干燥后, 直接用于医药品、 化妆品和健康功能食品领域; 也可结合分离纯化技术, 大批量地制备权利要求 2所述的各种低极性人参皂 5
6
苷单体。 经纯化后的低极性人参皂苷单体或其混合物可与各种法定的药用或 食品的赋型剂和配合剂配伍制备成各种剂型, 用于医药品、 化妆品和健康功 能食品领域; 也可作为合成其它生物活性化合物的原料。
本发明所提供的方法中, 所述方法同样适用于人参皂苷以外的其它三萜 类皂苷如三七皂苷(Notoginsenosides)、 绞股蓝皂苷( Gypenosides )、 越南人 参皂苷(Vietnamese ginsenosides)、 桦叶烯四醇 (Betulafolientetraol)> 桦叶 烯四醇 A (Betulafolientetraol A)、 桦叶烯五醇(Betulafolienpentaol)、 达玛烯 二醇(Dammarenediol)、达玛 -24-烯 -3 β ,20-二醇 -3-乙酸酯(Dammar-24-ene-3 β , 20-diol-3-acetate). 羟基达玛條酮 ( Hydroxyldammarenone) 奥寇梯木酮 (Octillone), 龙脑香环氧二醇 (Kapurol)、 龙脑香环氧醇酮 (Kapurone)、 龙 脑香二醇酮(Dryobalanone)、 龙脑香醇酮酸(Dryobalanonoloic acid)等。 自 这些三萜皂苷或含有这些三萜皂苷的植物如 (包括植物的任何部位和任何存 在形式如组织块、 粉末或其提取物等)或含这些三萜皂苷的植物培养物为起 始原料, 制备相应的低极性三萜皂苷或三萜皂苷的苷元。
本发明明确了人参皂苷高温热解所需的催化剂, 解决了红参炮制天然人 参皂苷高温热解转化的必须或必要条件, 为大量制备低极性人参皂苷提供了 一个简便而高效的方法。 使用本发明提供的方法制备低极性人参皂苷及其衍 生物, 其工艺简便、 质量可控、 原料的苷元转化率高( 96%), 主产物苷元 总收率高( 90%), 成本低。 在联用分离纯化技术的基础上, 可大批量地制 备各类低极性人参皂苷单体。
具体实施方式:
实施例 1
二醇型人参皂苷 (25g)与 45%的丙二酸水溶液 (5ml) 浸湿混匀, 置于 高压灭菌锅中, 120°C热解 5小时。 热解产物(HPLC分析表明, 热解转化率 ^96%, 主产物为 20-(R)-Rg3、 20-(S)-Rg3、 Rg5和 1¾ ) 中, 加入 lOOmL水 溶液形成悬浊液, 用二氯甲垸萃取 3次, 减压除去水相中二氯甲烷后, 再向 其中加入 30%的乙醇 1000ml,将溶解液进行吸附树脂柱层析, 30%的乙醇洗 脱除杂后, 用 90%的乙醇洗脱回收低极性皂苷。 减压浓缩, 析出大量沉淀, 过滤后获 20-(R)-Rg3(2.05g); 向滤液中加入 1/5份的丙酮, 放置 12h后, 析出 白色沉淀, 上反相制备柱进行分离 (流动相为 65%的乙醇) 分别获 20- (S) -Rg3 (2.3g), Rg5 ( 1.8g) 和 R¾ ( 1.4g
实施例 2
三醇型人参皂苷 (25g)与 45%天冬氨酸水溶液(5ml)浸湿混匀, 置于 高压灭菌锅中, 120°C热解 5小时。.热解产物(HPLC分析表明, 热解转化率 ^96%, 主产物为 20(R)-Rg2、 20(S)-Rg2、 Rg6、 F4、 20-(R)-Rh^ 20-(S)-Rh!, Rh4和 Rk3) 中, 加入 lOOmL水溶液形成悬浊液, 用二氯甲烷萃取 3次, 减 压除去水相中二氯甲烷后,再向其中加入 30%的乙醇 1000ml,将溶解液进行 吸附树脂柱层析, 30%的乙醇洗脱除杂后, 用 90%的乙醇洗脱回收低极性皂 苷。减压浓缩除乙醇溶液, 获白色粉末(9 g); 此沉淀经反相(流动相为 65% 的乙醇)和正相 (流动相为氯仿 /甲醇 /水 =7/3/1 下层) 制备柱进行分离得到 20(R)-Rg2 (0.8 g)、 20(S)-Rg2 (0.83g)、 Rg6 ( 1.14g)、 F4 ( 1.10g)、 20(R)-R ! (0.5 g)、 20(S)-R ! (0.55g)、 R 4 ( 1.3g)和 Rk3 ( 1.23g)。
实施例 3
二醇型人参皂苷(25g)与 9mol/L的硫酸(5ml)浸湿混匀, 置于高压灭 菌锅中, 120°C热解 5小时。热解产物(HPLC分析表明, 热解转化率 96%, 产物为侧链环化的人参二醇 PD和少量的 20(R)-Rh2、 20(S)-Rh2、 Rh3和 Rk2) 中, 加入 lOOOmL水溶解, 进行吸附树脂柱层析 30%的乙醇洗脱除杂后, 用 90%的乙醇洗脱回收低极性皂苷。减压除乙醇, 析出大量沉淀 (6.4g)。 此沉淀 经反相制备柱进行分离(流动相为 65%的乙醇)得到 PD (2.3g)、 Δ20 (22) -PPD (0.4g)、 20-(R)-Rh2 (0.38g)、 20-(S)-Rh2 (0.34g)、 R 3 (0.44g)和 Rk2 (0.51g)。 实施例 4
二醇型人参皂苷 (25g) 与 50%甲酸水溶液 ( 5mL)浸湿混匀, 置于高 压灭菌锅中, 120°C热解 5小时。 热解产物的 HPLC分析表明, 热解转化率 ^96%,产物主要为 20(R)-Rh2、 20(S)-Rh2、 Rh3、 Rk2和 PD中。加入 lOOOmL 水溶解,进行吸附树脂柱层析 30%的乙醇洗脱除杂后,用 90%的乙醇洗脱回 收低极性皂苷。减压除去收集液中的乙醇, 析出大量沉淀 (8.9g)。此沉淀经反 相制备柱进行分离 (流动相为 65%的乙醇) 分别得到 20(R)-Rh2 ( 1.8g)、 20(S)-Rh2 ( 1.4g)、 Rh3 ( 1.7g)、 Rl¾ ( 1.9g)和人参二醇(1.3g)。
实施例 5
人参皂甙 C-K (5.0g)与 45 %葡萄糖醛酸(5 mL)浸湿混匀, 置于高压 灭菌锅中, 120°C热解 5小时; 热解产物的 HPLC分析表明, 转化率 96%, 产物主要为 20-(R) -PPD、 20-(S)-PPD、 A20 (21) -PPD和 (22) -PPD。后者中, 加入 lOOOmL 40%的乙醇溶解, 进行吸附树脂柱层析 (40%的乙醇洗脱除杂 后, 用 90%的乙醇洗脱回收低极性皂苷)。 减压除去收集液中的乙醇, 析出 大量沉淀 (6.4g)。 沉淀经硅胶层析 (洗脱剂为石油醚 /乙酸乙酯 =8/1 ) 分离纯 化分别获得 20-(R) -PPD (0.74g)、 20-(S)-PPD (0.64g)、 20(21)-PPD (0.54g) 和 20(22)_PPD (0.71g)o
实施例 6
人参皂苷 (5.0g)与 68%甘氨酸(5 mL )湿混匀,置于高压灭菌锅中, 120°C热解 5小时; 热解产物的 HPLC分析表明, 转化率 96%, 产物主要为 20-(R) -PPT 、 20-(S)-PPT、 Δ20 (21) -PPT和 2() (22) -PPT。后者中加入 lOOOmL 水溶解, 进行吸附树脂柱层析, 30%的乙醇洗脱除杂后, 用 90%的乙醇洗脱 回收低极性皂苷。减压除收集液中乙醇, 析出大量沉淀 (6.4g)。沉淀经硅胶层 析(洗脱剂为石油醚 /乙酸乙酯 =8/1 ),分别为 20-(R) -PPD (0.71g)、 20-(S)-PPD (0.66g)、 20(21)-PPD (0.52g) 和 l20(22)-PPD (0.73g)。

Claims

权利要求
1、一种催化热解制备低极性人参皂苷及其苷元的方法, 其特征在于: 原 料人参皂苷以酸为催化剂, 经 110~180°C高温蒸制 0.5~10小时。
2、 按照权利要求 1所述催化热解制备低极性人参皂苷及其苷元的方法, 其特征在于: 人参皂苷与催化剂的摩尔比为 1 : 0.01〜1: 1; 催化剂的使用方 式为将制备成水溶液的催化剂与原料浸润混合后蒸制。
3、 按照权利要求 1所述催化热解制备低极性人参皂苷及其苷元的方法, 其特征在于所用催化剂为下述酸中的一种酸或二至多种混合酸:
(1)多元有机酸如草酸、 丙二酸、 丁二酸、 丁烯二酸、 酒石酸、 苹果酸、 柠檬酸、 已二酸、 苯二甲酸、 天冬氨酸、 谷氨酸等;
(2)—元有机酸如氨基酸、 糖醛酸、 甲酸、 冰醋酸、 乳酸、 丙酸、 丁酸、 戊酸、 苯甲酸、 水杨酸、 磺基水杨酸、 苯磺酸、 一氟乙酸、 二氟乙酸、 三氟 乙酸、 一氯乙酸、 二氯乙酸、 三氯乙酸等;
(3)无机酸如硼酸、 盐酸、 硫酸、 磷酸等。
4、 按照权利要求 1所述催化热解制备低极性人参皂苷及其苷元的方法, 其特征在于: 所用原料为含人参皂苷的任何植物及其组织培养物, 包括植物 的任何部位和任何存在形式, 或下述任何纯度的单体人参皂苷或二至多种单 体人参皂苷混合物:
天然人参皂苷: Rt^ Rb2、 Rb3、 Rc、 Rd、 Rg^ Re和 Rf ;
3位羟基游离的二醇型人参皂苷: 20-O- β -D-葡萄糖 - 20(S)-原人参 二醇 [20-O- β -D-glucopyranosyl -20(S)-protopanaxadiol ,简称 C-K]、20-O- -L- 阿拉伯糖 (1—6) - β -D-葡萄糖 -20(S)-原人参二醇 [20-Ο- -L-arabinopyranosyl (1→6)- β -D-glucopyranosyl 20(S)-protopanaxadiol, 简称 C-Y]、 20-O- ct -L-阿 拉伯糖 (1→6) - β -D-葡萄糖 -20(S)-原人参二醇 [20-O- a -L-arabinoforanosyl (1 —6)- β -D-glucopyranosyl 20(S)-protopanaxadiol, 简称 Mc]、 20-O- β -D-木糖- β -D-葡萄糖 -20(S)-原人参二醇 [20-O- β -D -xylopyranosyl(l― 6)- β -D-glucopyranosyl- 20(S)-protopanaxadiol, 简称 Mx];
6位羟基游离的三醇型人参皂苷: 20-O- β -D-葡萄糖 -20 (S) -原人参二 醇 [20-Ο- β -D- glucopyranosyl-20(S)-protopanaxatriol, 简称 。
5、 按照权利要求 1所述催化热解制备低极性人参皂苷及其苷元的方法, 其特征在于: 所述的低极性人参皂苷及其苷元为:
(1) 20位羟基游离的二醇型人参皂苷:
人参皂苷 20-(R)-Rg3、 20-(S)-Rg3、 20-(R)-R 2和 20-(S)-Rh2;
(2) 20位羟基游离的三醇型人参皂苷- 20-(R)-Rg2、 20-(S)-Rg2、 20-(R)-Rh n 20-(S)-Rh1 ;
(3) 20位烯键的二醇型人参皂苷:
^0(21)—二醇型人参皂苷: ι2Rs5.
Z 2G(2 —二醇型人参皂苷: Rg5、 Rh3、 Rs4;
(4) 20位烯键的三醇型人参皂苷:
2Q(21) -三醇型人参皂昔: Rg6、 Rk3、 Rs7;
Δ20(22) -三醇型人参皂苷: F4、 R 4、 Rs6;
(5) 二醇型人参皂苷苷元
原人参二醇 ( protopanaxadiol, PPD );
(6)三醇型人参皂苷苷元
原人参三醇 ( protopanaxatriol, PPT );
(7) 二醇型人参皂苷苷元衍生物
3 β, 12 β -二羟 -20 (21 ), 24 (25) -二烯-达玛烷 [dammar-3 β , 12 β -dihydroxyl-20(21), 24(25)-diene5简称 2 (21)-PPD]、
3 β, 12 β -二羟 -20 (22), 24 (25 ) -二烯-达玛垸 [dammar-3 β , 12 β -dihydroxyl-20(22), 24(25)-diene,简称 2°(22)-PPD];
(8)三醇型人参皂苷苷元衍生物: 3 β, 6 α , 12 β -三羟 -20 (21 ), 24 (25) -二烯-达玛烷 [dammar-3 β , 6 α , Ι2 β -trihydroxyl-20(21), 24(25)-diene,简称 20(21)-ΡΡΤ]、
3 β, 6 α , 12 β -三羟 -20 (22), 24 (25) -二烯-达玛垸 [dammar-3 β , 6 α , 12 β - trihydroxyl-20(22), 24(25)-diene5简称 \20(22)-ΡΡΤ]。
6、 按照权利要求 1所述催化热解制备低极性人参皂苷及其苷元的方法, 其特征在于: 所述方法同样适用于人参皂苷以外的其它三萜类皂苷如三七皂 苷(Notoginsenosides)、绞股蓝阜昔(Gypenosides)、越南人参皂苷 (Vietnamese ginsenosides), 桦叶烯四醇(Betulafoiientetraol)、 桦叶烯四醇 A
(Betulafolientetraol A)、 桦叶烯五醇(Betolafolienpentaol)、 达玛烯二醇 (Dammarenediol). 达玛 -24-烯 -3 β,20-二醇 -3-乙酸酯 (Dammar-24-ene-3 β ,20-diol-3-acetate) 羟基达玛烯酮 (Hydroxyldammarenone)、 奥寇梯木酮 (Octillone)、 龙脑香环氧二醇(Kapurol)、 龙脑香环氧醇酮 (Kapurone)、 龙 脑香二醇酮 (Dryobalanone)、 龙脑香醇酮酸 ( Dry obalanonoloic acid); 自这 些三萜皂苷或含有这些三萜皂苷的植物包括植物的任何部位和任何存在形式 如组织块、 粉末或其提取物, 或含这些三萜皂苷的植物培养物为起始原料, 制备相应的低极性 萜皂苷或三萜皂苷的苷元。
7、 按照权利要求 1所述催化热解制备低极性人参皂苷及其苷元的方法, 其特征在于: 所制备的产物以低极性人参皂苷混合物的形式、 经常规方法干 燥, 直接用于医药品、 化妆品和健康功能食品领域; 或者,
结合分离纯化技术, 大批量地制备权利要求 5所述的各种低极性人参皂 苷单体, 或者进一步地与各种法定的药用或食品的赋型剂和配合剂配伍制备 成各种剂型, 用于医药品、 化妆品和健康功能食品领域; 或者, 作为合成其 它生物活性化合物的原料。
PCT/CN2003/001055 2002-12-13 2003-12-11 A method for preparing low polar ginsenoside and aglucon thereof by catalytic pyrolysis Ceased WO2004054595A1 (en)

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