WO2003077497A1 - Appareil de reproduction d'une porteuse radioelectrique - Google Patents
Appareil de reproduction d'une porteuse radioelectrique Download PDFInfo
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- WO2003077497A1 WO2003077497A1 PCT/JP2003/002807 JP0302807W WO03077497A1 WO 2003077497 A1 WO2003077497 A1 WO 2003077497A1 JP 0302807 W JP0302807 W JP 0302807W WO 03077497 A1 WO03077497 A1 WO 03077497A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/32—Carrier systems characterised by combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups H04L27/02, H04L27/10, H04L27/18 or H04L27/26
- H04L27/34—Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
- H04L27/38—Demodulator circuits; Receiver circuits
- H04L27/3845—Demodulator circuits; Receiver circuits using non - coherent demodulation, i.e. not using a phase synchronous carrier
- H04L27/3854—Demodulator circuits; Receiver circuits using non - coherent demodulation, i.e. not using a phase synchronous carrier using a non - coherent carrier, including systems with baseband correction for phase or frequency offset
- H04L27/3872—Compensation for phase rotation in the demodulated signal
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/0014—Carrier regulation
- H04L2027/0044—Control loops for carrier regulation
- H04L2027/0063—Elements of loops
- H04L2027/0067—Phase error detectors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a carrier reproduction apparatus used for demodulating a digitally modulated signal such as a multilevel quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signal and a polyphase phase modulation (PSK) signal.
- a digitally modulated signal such as a multilevel quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signal and a polyphase phase modulation (PSK) signal.
- QAM multilevel quadrature amplitude modulation
- PSK polyphase phase modulation
- satellite broadcasting uses polyphase modulation such as 4PSK or 8PSK
- CATV uses multilevel quadrature amplitude modulation such as 64QAM or 256QAM.
- FIG. 30 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a conventional carrier recovery apparatus.
- the carrier recovery apparatus of the conventional example includes a modulation signal input terminal 510, a complex multiplication unit 510, an arc tangent calculation unit 504 for calculating an arc tangent, and a loop. It has a filter 513, a numerical control oscillator 514, and a demodulated signal output terminal 510.
- the signal line indicated by a bold line and "/ 2" indicates a signal line of a signal expressed in a complex manner.
- the operation of the conventional carrier recovery circuit will be briefly described below.
- the received digital modulation signal is once subjected to quadrature detection in a preceding stage, and is input to a modulation signal input terminal 510.
- the carrier for quadrature detection is not always at the correct frequency and correct phase. Therefore, the signal input to the modulation signal input terminal 5100 has a frequency and phase shift remaining.
- the signal input to modulation signal input terminal 510 10 is input to one input terminal of complex multiplier 511.
- the numerically controlled oscillation section 501 4 outputs a complex oscillation signal composed of two oscillation signals orthogonal to each other, and the complex oscillation signal is input to the other input terminal of the complex multiplication section 501 1.
- the complex multiplication section 5 0 1 1 performs complex multiplication of the output of the numerically controlled oscillation section 5 0 1 4 and the signal input to the modulation signal input terminal 5 0 1 0 to input to the input terminal 5 0 10.
- the demodulated signal is output via a demodulated signal output terminal 510 after removing the frequency and phase shift of the signal.
- the demodulated signals S i and S q output from the complex multiplication unit 501 1 are input to an arc tangent operation unit (T an- 1 ) 50 30.
- the arc tangent calculation unit (T an- 1 ) 503 0 calculates the arc tangent based on the values of S i and S q, and supplies the digital modulation signal supplied to the modulation signal input terminal 5 10 10 And a phase error between the output signal of the numerically controlled oscillator 501 and the carrier signal of the carrier.
- the output of the arc evening calculation section 503 is input to the loop fill 503, and the high frequency component of the phase error is removed.
- the output of the loop filter 501 13 is input to the numerical control oscillator 514 as a control signal for the numerical control oscillator 501.
- the output signal of the numerically controlled oscillator 504 controlled by the output signal of the loop filter 503 is supplied to the complex multiplier 511.
- the numerical control generation is performed as shown in the equations (1) and (2).
- the negative feedback control loop is configured by the phase control loop configured as described above, the carrier wave synchronized in phase with the received digital modulation signal is reproduced by the numerically controlled oscillator 514. Further, the reproduced carrier has a conjugate relationship with the carrier signal of the signal input to the modulation signal input terminal 510 (that is, there is no frequency shift and no phase shift), and there is no frequency error and phase error. Therefore, a correct demodulated signal can be obtained.
- phase error detection in the conventional carrier recovery circuit can be obtained by the arc end calculation section 530 by performing an arc tangent calculation on the output of the complex multiplication section 511. The operation will be described in more detail with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 31 is an output signal space diagram for explaining the operation of the conventional phase error detection.
- the received digital modulation signal is 4 PSK, and for simplicity, the description will be made using only the first quadrant.
- the demodulated signal which is the output of the complex multiplication unit 501 1 is indicated by the symbol 5 0 4 1. If the correct carrier is reproduced, the above-described phase error ⁇ does not exist, and the demodulated signal output from the complex multiplication unit 501 1 is the original phase of the 4 PSK symbol. 7
- ⁇ ⁇ / 4 + A ⁇
- the phase error ⁇ ⁇ is obtained by performing an arc tangent operation on the basis of the output S i and SQ of the complex multiplication unit 501 1 to obtain the phase ⁇ . It was calculated by calculating the difference from the 4 PSK symbol phase ( ⁇ / 4).
- the operation of the arc tangent for obtaining the phase ⁇ of the reception symbol is generally performed by calculating T an — 1 (S q / S
- the carrier recovery device is
- Numerically controlled oscillating means for outputting a complex oscillating signal
- Complex multiplying means for complex multiplying the input modulated signal by the output of the numerically controlled oscillating means
- Phase error detection means for detecting a phase error between the modulated signal and the complex oscillation signal based on an output of the complex multiplication means;
- a carrier reproducing apparatus comprising a loop for controlling a numerically controlled oscillating means by filtering a phase error, wherein the numerically controlled oscillating means reproduces a carrier of a modulation signal,
- the phase error detecting means includes at least a symbol estimating means for estimating based on an output of the complex multiplying means.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a carrier recovery apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an example of a detailed configuration of the phase error detection section 12a in the carrier recovery apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an example of a detailed configuration of the phase error detection section 12a in the carrier recovery apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing an example of a detailed configuration of the phase error detection section 12a in the carrier recovery apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a detailed configuration of the loop filter 13 in the carrier recovery apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a carrier recovery apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing an example of a detailed configuration of the phase error detection section 12b in the carrier recovery apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a carrier recovery apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing an example of a detailed configuration of the phase error detector 12c in the carrier recovery apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a position in the carrier recovery apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an example of a detailed configuration of a phase error detection section 12c.
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a carrier recovery apparatus according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing an example of a detailed configuration of the frequency error detection section 16 in the carrier recovery apparatus according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing an example of a detailed configuration of the frequency error detection section 16a in the carrier recovery apparatus according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing a detailed configuration of the loop filter 13 a in the carrier recovery apparatus according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- FIGS. 15A and 15B are diagrams schematically illustrating the operation of the symbol estimator 101.
- FIG. 15A is a diagram schematically illustrating the operation of the symbol estimator 101.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram schematically illustrating the operation of the phase error detection unit 12a.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an input QAM signal having a phase shift in a signal space diagram.
- FIG. 18A, FIG. 18B, and FIG. 18C are diagrams illustrating a coefficient generation method in the coefficient generation unit 109.
- FIG. 18A, FIG. 18B, and FIG. 18C are diagrams illustrating a coefficient generation method in the coefficient generation unit 109.
- FIG. 19A, FIG. 19B, and FIG. 19C are diagrams schematically illustrating the operation of the phase error detection unit 12b.
- FIG. 2OA and FIG. 20B are diagrams schematically illustrating a demodulated signal diffused by noise or reflection.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram schematically illustrating the operation of the frequency error detector 16.
- FIG. 22 is a block diagram showing a detailed configuration of Example 1 of phase error determination section 111 in carrier recovery apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIGS. 23A and 23B are diagrams schematically illustrating the operation of the phase error determination unit 111 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 24 is a block diagram showing a detailed configuration of Example 2 of phase error determination section 111 in the carrier recovery apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 25A, FIG. 25B, and FIG. 25C are diagrams schematically illustrating the operation of the phase error determination unit 111 in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 26 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a carrier recovery apparatus according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- FIG. 27 is a block diagram showing an example of a detailed configuration of the phase error detection unit 12 d in the carrier recovery apparatus according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- FIG. 28 is a block diagram showing an example of a detailed configuration of the outermost symbol estimation unit 130 in the carrier recovery apparatus according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- FIG. 29 is a diagram schematically illustrating the operation of the outermost symbol estimation unit 130.
- FIG. 30 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a conventional carrier recovery apparatus.
- FIG. 31 is a diagram schematically illustrating the operation of the arc evening calculation unit 30 in the conventional carrier recovery apparatus.
- the first embodiment is a carrier wave reproducing apparatus that is the basis of the present invention.
- the second embodiment is a carrier regenerating apparatus in which the frequency pull-in characteristic and the phase jitter characteristic at the time of receiving a multi-level quadrature amplitude modulation signal (QAM) are further improved from the first embodiment.
- QAM quadrature amplitude modulation signal
- the third embodiment is a carrier recovery apparatus in which the frequency pull-in characteristic and the phase jitter characteristic are further improved in the reception situation having noise and reflection interference as compared with the first and second embodiments.
- the fifth embodiment is a carrier regenerating apparatus in which the frequency pull-in range (capture range) is further improved compared to the first, second, third, and fourth embodiments.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a carrier recovery apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the modulation signal input terminal 10 the complex multiplication unit 11, the phase error detection unit 12 a, the loop filter 13, the numerical control oscillation unit 14, and the demodulation signal output terminal 15 Prepare.
- the signal lines indicated by bold lines and “/ 2” indicate signal lines of signals represented by a complex (hereinafter, signal lines indicated by bold lines and “/ 2” in each drawing). The line is similar).
- FIG. 1 shows an example in which a signal subjected to multilevel quadrature amplitude modulation or polyphase phase modulation is received.
- the received digital modulation signal is once subjected to quadrature detection in the preceding stage and input to the modulation signal input terminal 10.
- the carrier for quadrature detection is not always at the correct frequency and correct phase. Therefore, the signal input to the modulation signal input terminal 10 has a frequency and a phase shift remaining.
- this signal is a signal that can be expressed by equation (1), where the I (also called in-phase) signal component is S i and the Q (also called quadrature) signal component is SQ.
- the signal represented by the equation (1) is input to the modulation signal input terminal 10 and is input to one input terminal of the complex multiplier 11.
- the numerically controlled oscillator 14 outputs the signal represented by the equation (2) assuming that the carrier component of the signal represented by the equation (1) is a signal having a shared relationship with the exp (j (wt + S)). I do.
- the numerically controlled oscillator 14 outputs a complex oscillation signal composed of two oscillation signals orthogonal to each other, and the complex oscillation signal is input to the other input terminal ′ of the complex multiplier 11.
- the complex multiplying unit 11 executes the operation shown in Expression (3) by performing complex multiplication of the output of the numerically controlled oscillation unit 14 and the signal input to the modulation signal input terminal 10.
- the complex multiplication unit 11 removes the frequency and phase shift of the signal input to the input terminal 10 to remove the demodulated signal (S i + j SQ) Is output via the demodulated signal output terminal 15.
- the demodulated signal output from the complex multiplier 11 is also input to the phase error detector 12.
- the phase error detector 12a detects a phase error of the received digital modulation signal based on S i and S q.
- the output of the phase error detection unit 12a is input to the loop filter 13, and the high frequency component of the phase error is removed. Then, it is input to the numerically controlled oscillator 14 as a control signal.
- the output signal of the numerically controlled oscillator 14 controlled by the output signal of the loop filter 13 is supplied to the complex multiplier 11.
- the numerical control generation is performed as shown in the equations (1) and (2).
- the output of the vibrating unit 14 exemplifies a case in which the output of the modulation signal input terminal 10 has a conjugate relationship with the carrier signal of the signal (that is, no frequency shift and no phase shift). Therefore, when there is a relationship between Expressions (1) and (2), the phase error detector 12a detects zero phase error. If there is a phase difference between Equations (1) and (2), the phase error detector 12a detects the phase error.
- the negative feedback control loop is formed by the phase control loop configured as described above, the carrier wave synchronized in phase with the received digital modulation signal is reproduced by the numerically controlled oscillator 14. Since the reproduced carrier has a conjugate relationship with the carrier of the signal input to the modulation signal input terminal 10 and has no frequency error and phase error, it is possible to obtain a correct demodulated signal.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a detailed configuration of the loop filter 13 in FIG.
- the loop fill 13 is composed of a phase error signal input terminal 200, a direct amplifier 201, an integrating amplifier 202, a first adder 203, and a 1-symbol delay device 204. , A second adder 205, and a control signal output terminal 206.
- the output of the phase error detector 12a is supplied to the phase error signal input terminal 200.
- the loop filter 13 is connected to the phase error signal input terminal 200, the direct system 200, the integrating system 208, the second adder 205, and the loop filter output terminal 206. It is configured.
- the direct system 207 is constituted by the direct system amplifying unit 201.
- the integration system 208 includes an integration system amplification unit 202, a first addition unit 203, and a one-symbol delay unit 204.
- the direct system 207 is composed of only the direct system amplifying unit 201 having an amplification degree of ⁇ , and the phase error signal input via the phase error signal input terminal 200 is amplified by the amplification degree ⁇ . Perform processing that only amplifies.
- the control oscillator 14 is an oscillator that advances (or delays) its output phase in proportion to the input control signal. Therefore, the direct system 207 functions to linearly advance (or delay) the output phase of the numerically controlled oscillator 14 with respect to the phase error signal. That is, the direct system is a system that acts on correction of a phase error in carrier wave reproduction.
- the integration system 208 first, the integration system amplification unit 202 amplifies the phase error signal input via the phase error signal input terminal 200 with an amplification factor of] 3.
- the first addition unit 203 adds the output of the integration system amplification unit 202 and the output of the one-symbol delay unit 204. Then, the output of the first adder 203 is input to the one symbol delayer 204. Therefore, the loop of the first addition unit 203 and the one-symbol delay unit 204 has a so-called integration function. In this way, the integration system 208 amplifies the phase error signal input via the phase error signal input terminal 200 by the amplification degree 3), and then performs a so-called integration process.
- the numerically controlled oscillator 14 is a type of oscillator that advances (or delays) its output phase in proportion to an input control signal. Therefore, the integration system 208 has a function of controlling the output frequency of the numerically controlled oscillator 14 based on the phase error signal. That is, this integration system 208 is a system that acts to correct a frequency error in carrier wave reproduction.
- the output signal of the numerically controlled oscillator 14 controlled by the output signal of the loop filter 13 is supplied to the complex multiplier 11.
- the negative feedback control loop is formed by the phase control loop configured as described above, the carrier wave that is phase-synchronized with the received digital modulation signal is reproduced by the numerical control oscillator 14. Since the reproduced carrier has a conjugate relationship with the carrier of the signal input to the modulation signal input terminal 10 and has no frequency error and phase error, it is possible to obtain a correct demodulated signal.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a detailed configuration of the phase error detection section 12a in the carrier recovery apparatus of FIG.
- a phase error detection unit 12 a includes a demodulation signal input terminal 100, a symbol estimation unit 101, a complex sharing unit 102, a second complex multiplication unit 103, An imaginary number selection unit 104 and a phase error output terminal 105 are provided.
- the output of the numerically controlled oscillator 14 in FIG. 1 has a conjugate relationship with the carrier of the signal applied to the modulation signal input terminal 10 (that is, no frequency shift and no phase shift)
- the output of the complex multiplier 11 Outputs the correct demodulated signal. If the phase of the output signal of the numerically controlled oscillator 14 is no longer in a conjugate relationship with the phase of the carrier of the signal applied to the modulation signal input terminal 10 (that is, when there is a frequency shift and a phase shift), the complex multiplier 1 1 cannot output the correct demodulated signal.
- the output of the complex multiplier 11 is supplied to the symbol estimator 101 and the second complex multiplier 103 via the demodulated signal input terminal 100, respectively.
- the symbol estimation unit 101 estimates the transmitted symbol based on the demodulated signal input from the demodulated signal input terminal 100, and outputs the estimation result.
- FIGS. 15A and 15B are diagrams showing the operation of the symbol estimator 101.
- FIG. 15A shows the case of 4PSK
- FIG. 15B shows the case of 16QAM.
- axis 150 is the I signal axis and axis 151 is the Q signal axis.
- the output signal phase of the numerically controlled oscillator 14 in FIG. 1 is not conjugate with the phase of the carrier of the signal input via the modulation signal input terminal 10 (that is, there is a frequency shift and a phase shift).
- the symbol indicated by Hata 1 The input signal is the symbol indicated by the symbol ⁇ .
- axis 154 is the I signal axis
- axis 155 is the Q signal axis.
- the output signal phase of the numerically controlled oscillator 14 in FIG. 1 is not conjugate with the phase of the carrier of the signal input to the modulation signal input terminal 10 (that is, there is a frequency shift and phase shift).
- the signal output from the complex multiplier 11 is the symbol indicated by the symbol 156, even though the symbol indicated by the assault 157 is transmitted.
- Arrow 158 indicates the minimum inter-symbol distance d in the I signal axis direction (axis 154 direction), and arrow 159 indicates the minimum intersymbol distance d in the Q signal axis direction (axis 155 direction). Is shown.
- the symbol estimator 101 determines that if the input signal is the symbol 1 152 in FIG. 15A, the nearest symbol Hata 153 has been transmitted. Estimate and output the symbol of Hata 1 If the input signal is the symbol 156 in FIG. 15B, the symbol estimator 101 is the one transmitted with the closest Hata 157 symbol And output the symbol of reference 1 5 7
- the output of the symbol estimating unit 101 is input to the complex conjugate unit 102 of FIG. 2, and the complex conjugate unit 102 of the symbol estimating unit 101 expressed by (D i + j D d) Take the complex conjugate of the output. That is, the complex conjugate unit 102 inverts the sign of the D-axis, which is the Q-axis component, of the output of the symbol estimation unit 101 to generate (D i —jD q).
- the output of the complex conjugate unit 102 is input to the second complex multiplication unit 103.
- the second complex multiplication unit 103 outputs the output (D i — j D d) of the complex common unit 102 and the demodulated signal (S i + j SQ) input from the demodulated signal input terminal 100. Complex multiplication. Therefore, the second The complex multiplication unit 103 outputs a calculation result represented by Expression (4).
- the output of the second complex multiplier 103 is input to the imaginary part selector 104, and the imaginary part selector 104 is the imaginary part of Equation (4) (S d ⁇ D i — Select only S i ⁇ D q) and output as phase error signal.
- FIG. 16 shows the operation of the phase error detection unit 12 a in a signal space diagram.
- the received digital modulation signal is 4 PSK, and the description will be made using only the first quadrant to simplify the description.
- axis 150 is the I signal axis
- axis 151 is the Q signal axis.
- the symbols 5 and 2 represent the output signals of the complex multiplier 11 in FIG. It is assumed that the carrier of the quadrature modulation signal input from the modulation signal input terminal 10 and the output signal of the numerically controlled oscillator 14 have a phase error ⁇ . Therefore, 1 15 2 has a phase error ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ with respect to reference 15 3 which is the original symbol. That is, the output of the complex multiplication unit 11 in FIG. 1 can be expressed as in equation (5).
- the symbol estimating unit 101 in FIG. 2 is a demodulated signal output from the complex multiplying unit 11 among four original 4 PSK symbols (the symbol 15 2 in FIG. 15A).
- the first quadrant which is the closest symposium to Estimate and output the pol (the symbol 1553 in Fig. 158) as the transmitted sympol.
- the output of the sympol estimator 101 can be expressed as in equation (6).
- ))) D i + j D i (6)
- the output of this symbol estimation unit 101 is a complex conjugate unit 102, and the complex conjugate is And input to the second complex multiplier 103.
- a ⁇ ep (j (- ⁇ )) D i-j D q (7)
- the second complex multiplier 103 receives the demodulated output of the complex multiplier 11 as shown in equation (8).
- the signal is complex-multiplied with the output of the complex conjugate unit 102.
- the output of the second complex multiplier 103 is a signal whose phase term has only the phase error ⁇ .
- the output of the complex multiplication unit 11 input to the phase error detection unit 12a is calculated by the above-described operation up to the second complex multiplication unit 103.
- the vector centered on the parable 153 which is the original modulation symbol, is moved to the vector centered on the positive portion of the I signal axis 150.
- the imaginary part selection unit 104 calculates only the imaginary part of the output of the second complex multiplication unit 103 as a value corresponding to the phase error ⁇ (, that is, (SQ ⁇ D i —S i -D ei). select. By doing so, detection of the phase error is realized.
- FIG. 3 shows another configuration of the phase error detector 12a in FIG.
- demodulated signal input terminal 100, symbol estimation unit 101, complex conjugate unit 102, second complex multiplication unit 103, imaginary part selection 104, phase error detection output terminal 1 05 are the same as in FIG. Therefore, these PC listen ⁇ 7
- the complex conjugate unit 102 takes the complex conjugate of the demodulated signal input via the demodulated signal input terminal 100.
- the second complex multiplication unit 103 multiplies the output of the symbol estimation unit 101 and the output of the complex conjugate unit 102 by complex multiplication.
- the imaginary part selection 104 selects and outputs only the imaginary part of the output of the second complex multiplier 103.
- the sign inverting unit 106 inverts the sign of the output of the imaginary part selection 104 and outputs it as a phase error signal via the phase error output terminal 105.
- the phase error detection output created in this way is (3 (1′0 1—3 1′0 (1)) as in the case of FIG.
- both of the phase error detectors 12 a shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 are complex multiplication results of the demodulated signal input from the demodulated signal input terminal 100 and the symbol estimation result thereof. It outputs an imaginary part (S q ⁇ D i -S i ⁇ DQ).
- FIG. 4 shows another configuration that performs a process equivalent to this process.
- a demodulated signal input terminal 100, a symbol estimator 101, and a phase error detection output terminal 105 are the same as those in FIGS. 2 and 3, respectively. Therefore, these detailed descriptions are omitted.
- the symbol estimator 101 estimates the symbol of the demodulated signal input via the demodulated signal input terminal 100.
- the multiplying unit 122 calculates the I signal component (D i) of the output of the symbol estimating unit 101 and the Q signal component (SQ) of the demodulated signal input via the demodulated signal input terminal 100. And output (D i ⁇ S q).
- the multiplying unit 12 21 calculates the Q signal component (DQ) of the output of the symbol estimating unit 101 and the I signal component (S i) of the demodulated signal input via the demodulated signal input terminal 100. Multiply and output (DQ ⁇ S i).
- the subtraction unit 123 subtracts the output of the multiplication unit 122 from the output of the multiplication unit 122, and outputs the result as a phase error via the phase error detection output terminal 105. Therefore, the phase error output from the phase error detection output terminal 105 is (S q ⁇ D i -S i -D q), and phase error detection becomes possible as in FIGS.
- the phase error of the quadrature modulation signal can be detected by a simple operation, so that the circuit scale is reduced, and It is possible to prevent the frequency pull-in range (cap challenge) from narrowing due to an increase in internal delay.
- nPSK polyphase modulation
- nQAM multilevel quadrature modulation
- the carrier recovery apparatus is the carrier recovery apparatus according to the first embodiment, further improving the frequency pull-in characteristic and the phase jitter characteristic when receiving a multi-level quadrature amplitude modulation signal (LQAM). It is what makes them.
- LQAM multi-level quadrature amplitude modulation signal
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a carrier recovery apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- the modulation signal input terminal 10 the complex multiplier 11, the phase error detector 12 b, the loop filter 13, the numerical control oscillator 14, and the demodulation signal output terminal 15 Prepare.
- the carrier recovery apparatus according to Embodiment 2 has a configuration in which the phase error detection unit 12 a in the carrier recovery apparatus according to Embodiment 1 is replaced with a phase error detection unit 12 b. It is.
- the phase error detection unit 1 2 b includes a demodulated signal input terminal 100, a symbol estimation unit 101, a complex conjugate unit 102, a second complex multiplication unit 103, and an imaginary number.
- a section selection section 104, a phase error output terminal 105, and an amplitude normalization section 107 are provided.
- the phase error detection section 12b has a configuration in which an amplitude normalization section 107 is further added to the phase error detection section 12a in the carrier recovery apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- the other configuration is the same as that of the phase error detection unit 12a, and the components are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof will be omitted.
- the second complex multiplication unit 103 receives the demodulated signal (S i + j S q) input via the demodulated signal input terminal 100. ) And the output (D i — j D q) of the complex conjugate unit 102 are complex-multiplied.
- the output signal is represented by equation (8).
- the output of the second complex multiplier 103 is a function of the phase error ( ⁇ ) and the square of the amplitude value (A 2 ). Therefore, when receiving QAM with different amplitudes depending on the symbol, the gain of the detected phase error differs depending on the symbol transmitted. This will be described with reference to Fig. 17.
- axis 154 is the I signal axis
- axis 155 is the Q signal axis.
- ⁇ mark 1 7 1 to 1 7 4 is the input symbol, mark 1 7 5 to 1
- the carrier recovery apparatus further includes an amplitude normalizing section 107.
- the amplitude normalizing unit 107 corrects a gain variation of a phase error signal in which a detected phase error occurs due to a difference in symbol.
- the operation of the amplitude correction unit 107 will be described.
- the amplitude correction unit 107 includes a coefficient generation unit 109 and a multiplication unit 108.
- the coefficient generator 109 receives the output of the symbol estimator 101 as an input and generates a coefficient corresponding to the amplitude of each modulation symbol.
- FIG. 18A, FIG. 18B, and FIG. 18C show an example of a method of generating the coefficient.
- the received digital modulation signal is 16 QAM, and the description will be made using only the first quadrant (not limited to 16 QAM).
- I signal axis 154, Q signal axis 155, and symbol 1 175-: 178 are the I signal axis 154, Q signal axis 155, and symbol 1 of Fig. 17 Same as 75 to 178.
- the estimation result of the sympol estimating unit 101 is any one of the sympols 175 to 178. There are three kinds of amplitude values of each symbol 175-178.
- the output of the second complex multiplier 103 is proportional to the square (A 2 ) of the amplitude of the symbol. Therefore, coefficient generation The unit 109 generates a coefficient corresponding to the reciprocal (1 / A 2 ) of the square A 2 of the amplitude value in each symbol, as described below. That is,
- the coefficient generation unit 109 uses the symbol estimation result (D i, D q) of the symbol estimation unit 101 as an address and calculates the square of the amplitude value (A it can be realized by a storage device such as a ROM for storing the value of the reciprocal (1 ZA 2) 2).
- the output of the coefficient generation unit 109 in FIG. 7 is input to the multiplication unit 108.
- the output of the imaginary part selection unit 104 is multiplied by the output of the coefficient generation unit 109 in the multiplication unit 108 to correct the difference in detected phase error due to the amplitude of each modulation symbol.
- FIG. 19A, FIG. 19B, and FIG. 19C schematically show the operation of the phase error detection unit 12b in carrier recovery according to Embodiment 2 having the amplitude normalization unit 107.
- the I signal axis 154, the Q signal axis 155, and the symbols 171 to 178 correspond to the I signal axis 154 and the Q signal axis in Figs. 17 and 18A, respectively. Same as 1 5 5 and Simpol 1 7 1-1 7 8.
- the demodulated signal output from the complex multiplier 11 (S i + j SQ) is the symbol indicated by symbol 174 in Figure 19A, the symbol indicated by symbols 17 and 173 in Figure 19B, and the symbol indicated by symbol 17 in Figure 19C. It is one of the symbols indicated by 171.
- the estimated results of these sympols 17 1 to 1 ⁇ 4 are indicated by the symbols 17 8 and 17 7 in Figure 19A and by the hats 1 76 and 1 77 in Figure 19 B, respectively.
- the symbol is one of the symbols shown in Figure 19C.
- the output signal of the second complex multiplier 103 has a different amplitude gain depending on the amplitude value of each symbol. Therefore, the amplitude normalizing unit 107 normalizes the output of the second complex multiplying unit 103 by the reciprocal (1 ZA 2 ) of the square (A 2 ) of the amplitude value in each symbol. That is, the amplitude normalization unit 107 converts the symbol 191 in Fig. 19A, the symbol 193 in Fig. 19B, and the symbol 195 in Fig. 19C into the port in Fig. 19A. Mark 192, seal 194 in Fig. 19B, convert to seal 196 in Fig. 19C and output.
- the phase error detector 12b in carrier recovery according to the second embodiment is an imaginary part of the normalized output of the second complex multiplier 103 (Q signal axis component 1997 in FIG. 19A). Then, the Q signal axis component 198 in FIG. 19B and the Q signal axis component 199) in FIG. 19C are output as phase errors.
- the phase error of the quadrature modulated signal can be detected by a simple operation, so that the circuit scale is reduced and the delay in the loop is reduced. It is possible to prevent the frequency pull-in range (cap challenge) from becoming narrower with an increase in frequency. Furthermore, it becomes possible to improve the frequency pull-in characteristic and the phase jitter characteristic when receiving a multi-level quadrature amplitude modulation signal (QAM).
- QAM quadrature amplitude modulation signal
- FIG. 18C differs from FIG. 18B in that the ROM stores the square value of the amplitude of each symbol as a coefficient.
- the phase error detector 1 2 b having the configuration shown in FIG. 7 includes a coefficient generator 109 that uses the reciprocal of the square value of the amplitude in each symbol as a coefficient as an amplitude normalizer 107, and a multiplier 1 0 8.
- the same function can be achieved by replacing the multiplication unit 108 with a division unit and using the coefficient generation unit 109 shown in FIG. 18C.
- the generation of the square of the amplitude value (A 2 ) at each symbol is not limited to the above-described configuration, but is based on (D i, D g) output from the symbol estimator 101. The same effect can be obtained by replacing with (D i) 2 + (D q) 2 .
- phase error detection unit 12 b having the configuration shown in FIG. 7 above, the components other than the amplitude normalization unit 107 are the same as the phase error detection unit 12 a in FIG. Although described based on the above description, it goes without saying that the same effect can be obtained even with the phase error detection section 12a having the configuration shown in FIG. 3 or FIG.
- 16 QAM was used as an example, but other quadrature amplitude modulation (32 QAM, 64 QAM, 128 QAM, 25 QAM, 5 It is needless to say that the same effect can be obtained with 1 2 QAM, 1 0 2 4 QAM, etc.).
- the carrier recovery apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention is different from the carrier recovery apparatus according to Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 in that the frequency pull-in characteristic and the phase jitter in a reception situation having noise and reflection interference are further improved. The characteristics can be improved.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a carrier recovery apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- the carrier recovery apparatus according to Embodiment 3 includes a modulation signal input terminal 10, a complex multiplication unit 11, a phase error detection unit 12c, a loop filter 13, and a numerical control oscillation unit. 14 and a demodulated signal output terminal 15.
- the carrier recovery apparatus according to Embodiment 3 has a configuration in which the phase error detection unit 12a in the carrier recovery apparatus according to Embodiment 1 is replaced with a phase error detection unit 12c. is there.
- the rest of the configuration of the carrier regenerator according to Embodiment 3 is the same as the configuration of the carrier regenerator according to Embodiment 1 described above. Is omitted.
- phase error detector 12c different from the carrier recovery apparatus according to Embodiment 1 will be described with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing a detailed configuration of the phase error detector 12c in the carrier recovery apparatus of FIG.
- the phase error detector 1 2 c includes a demodulated signal input terminal 100, a symbol estimator 101, a complex conjugate 102, a second complex multiplier 103, and an imaginary number.
- Selector 104, phase error output terminal 105, complex It includes a subtraction unit 110, a phase error determination unit 111, a selection unit 112, and a constant generation unit 113.
- the phase error detection unit 12 c in carrier recovery according to Embodiment 3 is different from the phase error detection unit 12 a in the carrier recovery device according to Embodiment 1 in that a complex subtraction unit 110 and a phase error determination unit are provided.
- This is a configuration in which 1 1 1, a selection unit 1 1 2, and a constant generation unit 1 13 are further added.
- Other configurations are the same as those of the phase error detection unit 12a, and the same reference numerals are given to the same components, and description thereof will be omitted.
- the output (D i + jD q) of the symbol estimator 101 and the demodulated signal (S i) which is input through the demodulated signal input terminal 100 and is the output of the complex multiplier 11 in FIG. + j SQ) is input to the complex subtraction unit 110.
- the complex subtraction unit 110 performs a complex subtraction between the output of the complex multiplication unit 11 and the result of the symbol estimation thereof to obtain the amplitude error (E i + j) of the I signal component and the Q signal component of the demodulated signal. Calculate E d). This operation is shown in equation (9).
- the output of the complex subtraction unit 110 (E i + j EQ) and the output of the symbol estimation unit 101 ( D i + j DQ) is input to the phase error determination unit 111.
- the phase error determination unit 111 determines whether or not the phase error output from the imaginary part selection unit 104 is reliable as a phase error, based on both input signals.
- the selection unit 112 is controlled by the determination result of the phase error determination unit 111, and selects one of the output from the imaginary part selection unit 104 and the output from the constant generation unit 113.
- FIG. 2OA and FIG. 20B show the complex multiplication unit 11 when the interfering signal such as noise or reflection is superimposed on the orthogonal modulation signal input via the modulation signal input terminal 10 in FIG. The state of an output signal is shown.
- a phase error determination unit 111 for determining whether or not a phase error has been detected by the reception symbol rotated in the phase error direction is provided.
- phase error determination unit 111 that determines the phase error detected by the reception symbol rotated in the phase error direction
- two embodiments having specific configurations can be considered. Hereinafter, these two embodiments will be described in order.
- FIG. 22 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of the first embodiment of the phase error determination unit 111.
- FIGS. 23A and 23B are signal space diagrams for explaining the operation of the first embodiment of the phase error determination unit 111.
- FIG. Hereinafter, the operation of the first embodiment of the phase error determination unit 111 will be described with reference to FIGS. 22, 23A and 23B.
- FIG. 23A shows the case of 4PSK
- FIG. 23B shows the case of 16QAM, but Example 1 is not limited to 4PSK and 16QAM.
- FIGS. 23A and 23B An embodiment of the phase error determination unit 1 1 1 using FIGS. 23A and 23B is described.
- the operation principle of 1 will be described.
- the I signal axis 150, the Q signal axis 151, the ⁇ mark, and the fist mark are the same as those in FIG. 16, and a detailed description is omitted.
- the I signal axis 154, the Q signal axis 155, the ⁇ mark, and the Hata mark are the same as those in FIG. 17, respectively, and detailed description is omitted.
- the symbols output from the complex multiplier 11 in FIG. 8 the symbols rotated only in the direction of the phase error exist in the regions 231 and 232.
- the phase error determination unit 111 outputs the demodulated signal amplitude error (E i + j E q) output from the complex subtraction unit 110 and the output (D D) from the symbol estimation unit 101. Based on (i + j D q), when the demodulated signal output from the complex multiplier 11 enters the shaded portions 2 3 1 and 2 32 in FIG. 23A, the imaginary part selector 104 It is determined that the output is appropriate as the phase error signal. That is, the phase error determination unit 111 determines that the output of the imaginary part selection unit 104 is appropriate as a phase error signal if any of the following (condition 1) or (condition 2) is met. I do.
- FIG. 22 shows a configuration of the phase error determination unit 111 that realizes the above-described phase error determination operation.
- the symbol estimation unit 10 in FIG. The output (D i + jD d) of 1 and the output (E i + j E q) of the complex subtraction unit 110 are input to input terminals 111 and 111, respectively.
- Comparators 1 1 1 2, 1 1 1 3, 1 1 1 4, and 1 1 1 5 determine whether D i, D q, E i, and E q are each 0 or more.
- the outputs of the comparators 1 1 1 2 and 1 1 1 3 are sent to the exclusive OR operation unit 1 1 1
- the outputs of 114 and 115 are input to the exclusive OR operation unit 117, respectively. Also, the outputs of the exclusive OR operation units 1116 and 1117 are input to the exclusive OR operation unit 1118, respectively, and the exclusive OR operation is performed.
- the phase is calculated using the sign of the real part (E i) and the sign of the imaginary part (E q) in the amplitude error (E i + j E q) of the input signal output from the complex subtraction unit 110. Error determination is being performed. A method for determining the error in the phase direction more accurately will be described below.
- FIG. 24 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of Embodiment 2 of the phase error determination unit 111.
- FIG. 25A, FIG. 25B, and FIG. 25C are signal space diagrams for explaining the operation of Embodiment 2 of the phase error determination unit 111.
- the operation of the phase error determination unit 111 according to the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 24, 25A, 25B, and 25C.
- FIGS. 24, 25A, 25B, and 25C For simplicity of description, the case of 4P SK reception and 16 QAM reception and the second embodiment of the phase error determination unit 111 using only the first quadrant will be described. The operation of will be described.
- Fig. 24A is for 4 PSK
- Fig. 24 B is for 16 QAM.
- Embodiment 2 is not limited to 4PSK and 16QAM.
- FIGS. 25A, 25B, and 25C the operating principle of the second embodiment of the phase error determination unit 111 will be described with reference to FIGS. 25A, 25B, and 25C.
- the I signal axis 150, the Q signal axis 151, the ⁇ mark, and the image mark are the same as those in FIG. 16, and a detailed description is omitted.
- the I signal axis 154, the Q signal axis 155, the ⁇ mark, and the reference mark are the same as those in FIG. 17, and the detailed description is omitted.
- the symbols rotated only in the phase error direction are present in the shaded regions 251-255.
- the phase error determination unit 111 determines the amplitude error (E i + j EQ) of the input signal output from the complex subtraction unit 110 and the output (D i + j D q), when the demodulated signal, which is the output of the complex multiplication unit 11, enters the shaded portions 25 1 to 255 in FIGS. 25A to 25 C, the imaginary part selection unit 104 Judge that the output is appropriate as a phase error signal. That is, the phase error determination unit 111 determines that the output of the imaginary part selection unit 104 is appropriate as a phase error signal if any of the following (condition 3) or (condition 4) is met. .
- (E i + j E q) is the difference between the estimated symbol (D i + j DQ) and the received symbol (S i + j SQ). Therefore, the area that satisfies the above conditions in 4P SK is the shaded area 251 in FIG. 25A, and the area that satisfies the above conditions in 16 QAM is each shaded area in FIG. 25B. The area is 25 2 to 25 5.
- FIG. 25C is an enlarged view centered on the transmission symbol in FIG. 25B.
- FIG. 24 shows the configuration of the phase error determination unit 111 that realizes the above-described phase error determination operation.
- the output (D i + j D q) of the symbol estimation unit 101 and the output (E i + j EQ) of the complex subtraction unit 110 are connected to the input terminals 1 1 1 1 and 1 1 1, respectively. Is entered. Di and DQ input to the input terminals 1110 are input to the comparators 1111a0 and 1111a1 to determine whether they are 0 or more. The outputs of the comparators 1 1 1 a 0 and 1 1 1 a 1 are input to the exclusive OR operation unit 1 1 1 a 2, respectively, and the exclusive OR operation unit 1 1 1 a 2 performs exclusive OR operation on these.
- the operation is performed to determine the quadrant of the output of the symbol estimator 101 (that is, the symbol output from the complex multiplier 11 in FIG. 8). That is, the exclusive OR operation unit 1 1 1 a 2 determines whether the output of the symbol estimation unit 101 exists in the first quadrant or the third quadrant, or exists in the second quadrant or the fourth quadrant. Determine whether to do so.
- E i is the subtraction unit llla 4, llla 7 and the calori calculation unit llla 9, 1 1 Input to 1 a 1 1 respectively.
- Eq is input to the comparators llla5, llla8, lllal0, and 1111a12, respectively.
- the subtraction unit 111a4 calculates (a-Ei) using the output value "a" of the constant generation unit 111a3 and the input Ei.
- the subtraction unit 1 1 1 a 7 calculates ( ⁇ a ⁇ E i) with the output value “1 a” of the constant generation unit llla 6 and the input E i.
- the output of the subtraction unit 111a4 is input to the comparator 111a5.
- the comparator 1 1 1 a 5 compares the output of the subtraction unit 1 1 1 a 4 with E q input to the other input terminal of the comparator 1 1 1 a 5, and EQ ⁇ If (a-E i) holds, “1” is output. If not established, “0” is output.
- the output of the subtraction unit 111a7 is input to the comparator 111a8.
- the comparator 1 1 1 a 8 compares the output of the subtraction unit 1 1 1 a 7 with the EQ input to the other input terminal of the comparator 1 1 1 a 8, and calculates E q ⁇ (— a— E If i) holds, “1” is output. If not, outputs “0”.
- the outputs of the comparators 11 1 a 5 and 11 1 a 8 are respectively input to the AND operation unit 11 1 a 9.
- the AND operation unit 11 1 a 9 performs an AND operation on the outputs of the comparators 11 1 a 5 and 11 1 a 8 and supplies the result to the selection unit 11 1 a 14.
- the adder 111a9 adds the output value "a" of the constant generator 111a3 to Ei and outputs (a + Ei).
- the output of the adder 1 11 a 9 is input to the comparator 1 11 a 10.
- the adder 1 1 1 a 11 adds the output value “1 a” of the constant generator 1 1 1 a 6 and E i to output (1 a + E i).
- the output of the adder 1 1 1 a 1 1 is input to the comparator 1 1 1 a 1 2.
- the comparator 1 1 1 a 1 0 compares the output of the adder llla 9 with the EQ input to the other input terminal, and if E d ⁇ (a + E i) is satisfied, returns “1”. Is output.
- the comparator 1 1 1 a 1 2 compares the output of the adder 1 1 1 a 1 1 with E q input to the other input terminal of the comparator 1 1 1 a 1 2, and E q ⁇ ( -a + E i) is output if it holds. If it does not hold, "0" is output.
- the outputs of the comparators 1 1 1 a 1 0 and 1 1 1 a 1 2 are input to the AND operation unit 1 1 a 1 3.
- the AND operation unit 1 1 1 a 13 performs AND operation on the outputs of the comparators 1 1 1 a 10 and 11 1 a 1 2 and inputs the result to the selection unit 11 1 a 14 I do.
- the selection unit 111a14 selects one of the two input signals using the output of the exclusive OR operation unit 111a2 as a control signal.
- the output of the symbol estimator 101 that is, the output of the complex multiplier 111 in FIG. 8
- the selection unit 1 1 1 a 1 4 outputs the logical product Operation unit 1 1 1 Selects and outputs the output of a9.
- the selecting unit 1 1 1 a 1 Reference numeral 4 selects and outputs the output of the logical product operation unit 1 1 1 a 13.
- the output of the selection unit 111a14 is output to the output terminal 119 as a phase error determination result.
- the output signal of the phase error determination unit 111 shown in the first and second embodiments is input to the selection unit 112 of FIG. If the output of the imaginary part selector 104 is appropriate as the phase error signal, the selector 112 outputs the output of the imaginary part selector 104 to the phase error output terminal 105.
- the selector 112 If the output of the imaginary part selector 104 is not appropriate as the phase error signal, the selector 112 outputs the output "0" of the constant generator 113 to the phase error output terminal 105. .
- the phase error determination unit 111 controls the selection unit 112 in this way.
- the phase error of a quadrature modulated signal can be detected by a simple operation, and the circuit scale is reduced. Further, it is possible to improve the frequency pull-in characteristic and the phase jitter characteristic in a reception situation having noise or reflection interference.
- phase error detector 12c in the carrier recovery apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention shown in FIG. 8 will be described with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 10 shows that the phase error detection unit 12 b in the carrier recovery apparatus according to Embodiment 2 includes a complex subtraction unit 110, a phase error determination unit 111, and a selection unit 112.
- This is a configuration in which a constant generation unit 113 is further added.
- the same parts as those in FIG. 7 or FIG. 9 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted. It goes without saying that a similar effect can be obtained even with the configuration of FIG. In this case, it is possible to further improve the frequency pull-in characteristic and the phase jitter characteristic when receiving a multi-level quadrature amplitude modulation signal (QAM) with the number of symbols.
- QAM multi-level quadrature amplitude modulation signal
- phase error determination unit 111 in FIGS. 9 and 10 performs the quadrant determination using the output of the symbol estimation unit 101, but is input from the demodulation signal input terminal 100. The same effect can be obtained by using the demodulated signal output from the complex multiplier 11.
- phase error detection unit 12 c having the configuration shown in FIGS. 9 and 10
- the symbol estimation unit 101, the complex conjugate unit 102, and the second complex multiplication unit 103 And the components of the imaginary part selection unit 104 have been described based on the phase error detection unit 12a in FIG. 2 in the first embodiment.
- the same effect can be obtained even with the phase error detection section 12a having the configuration shown in FIG. 3 or FIG.
- FIG. 26 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a carrier recovery apparatus according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- the carrier reproducing apparatus according to Embodiment 4 includes a modulation signal input terminal 10, a complex multiplier 11, a phase error detector 12 d, a loop filter 13, and a numerical control.
- An oscillation section 14 and a demodulation signal output terminal 15 are provided.
- the carrier recovery apparatus according to Embodiment 4 has a configuration in which the phase error detection unit 12 a in the carrier recovery apparatus according to Embodiment 1 is replaced with a phase error detection unit 12 d. is there.
- the rest of the configuration of the carrier regenerator according to Embodiment 4 is the same as the configuration of the carrier regenerator according to Embodiment 1 described above. Is omitted.
- phase error detection section 12d different from the carrier recovery apparatus according to Embodiment 1 will be described with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 27 is a block diagram showing a detailed configuration of the phase error detection section 12 d in the carrier recovery apparatus of FIG.
- the phase error detection unit 12 d includes a demodulation signal input terminal 100, a symbol estimation unit 101, a complex conjugate unit 102, and a second complex multiplication unit 103.
- the phase error detecting section 1 2d is obtained by further adding an outermost symbol estimating section 130 and a selecting section 13 1 to the phase error detecting section 1 2a in the carrier recovery apparatus according to Embodiment 1 above.
- the other configuration is the same as that of the phase error detector 12a, and the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof will be omitted.
- FIG. 27 the demodulated signal (S i + j SQ) input via the demodulated signal input terminal 100 is input to the outermost symbol estimation unit 130.
- FIG. 28 is a more detailed block diagram of the outermost symbol estimation unit 130
- FIG. 29 is a signal space diagram for explaining the operation of the outermost symbol estimation unit 130.
- the operation of the outermost symbol estimation unit 130 will be described with reference to FIGS.
- S i is the absolute value calculation unit 130 1
- S d is the absolute value
- the values are input to the value calculators 1302, respectively.
- the absolute value calculation unit 1301 calculates the absolute value of Si.
- the absolute value calculation unit 1302 calculates the absolute value of Sq.
- the output of the absolute value calculation unit 1301 is input to the comparison unit 1307, and the output of the absolute value calculation unit 1302 is input to the comparison unit 1308.
- the comparison unit 1307 outputs “1” when ISiI ⁇ m * d is satisfied. If not satisfied, "0" is output.
- the comparison unit 1308 outputs “1” when I S q
- the OR operation unit 1309 calculates the OR of the output of the comparison unit 1307 and the output of 1308, and outputs the outermost symbol selection signal to the outermost symbol selection signal. Output via.
- I signal axis 154, Q signal axis 155, each mark and each mark are the I signal axis 154, Q signal axis 155, each assault mark and each mark in Fig.17. These are the same as the marks, respectively, and detailed description of each is omitted.
- the outermost symbol selection signal output from the outermost symbol selection signal output terminal 1 3 1 2 is output from the complex multiplier 11 (S i + j S d) input to the input terminal 1 3 0 0, Indicates whether it exists in the shaded area 2911.
- the comparison unit 1303 outputs “1” if the input S i is 0 or more, and outputs “0” otherwise.
- the comparison unit 1304 outputs “1” if the input SQ is 0 or more, and outputs “0” otherwise.
- the output of the comparison section 13 03 is supplied to the selection section 13 10 as a selection signal of the selection section 13 10 and the output of the comparison section 13 04 is selected as the selection signal of the selection section 13 1 1 Supplied to 3 1 1
- the positive amplitude value of the outermost symbol and the negative amplitude value of the outermost symbol are input to the selectors 1310 and 1311.
- the positive amplitude value of the outermost symbol is (m-1 Z2) * d.
- m is (2 to 2 n)
- m 2 "(n-1).
- D is the minimum inter-code distance
- the positive amplitude value of the outermost symbol is the output of the constant generator 135.
- the negative amplitude value of the outermost symbol is one (m-1Z2) * d.
- m is (2-2 n)
- D represents the value of the minimum inter-symbol distance.
- the negative amplitude value of the outermost symbol is the output of the constant generator 1306.
- the selection section 1310 is controlled by the output of the comparison section 1303 (that is, the sign of S i) and outputs the output of the constant generation section 1305 ((m-1Z2) * d) or the constant generation section. Select one of the outputs (1 (m-1/2) * d) of section 13 06.
- the selection unit 1311 is controlled by the output of the comparison unit 13304 (that is, the sign of Sq), and the output of the constant generation unit 1305 ((m-1/2) * d) or Select one of the outputs (1 (m-1Z2) * .d) of the constant generator 1306.
- the output of the selector 1310 and the output of the selector 1311 are output as the estimated outermost symbol via the outermost symbol output terminal 1313.
- Outermost symbol selection signal output terminal 1 3 1 Estimated outermost signal output from 1 3
- the output of the sample and symbol estimator 101 is input to the selector 131 of FIG.
- the selection unit 13 1 is controlled by the outermost symbol selection signal supplied from the outermost symbol selection signal output terminal 1312 of FIG. 28, and the estimated outermost symbol and the output of the symbol estimation unit 101 are output. Select one of.
- the output of the selector 13 1 is output to the complex conjugate 102.
- the outermost symbol selection signal output from the outermost symbol selection signal output terminal 1 3 1 2 is the output 2 (S i + j S d) of the complex multiplier 11 as shown by the shaded area in FIG. 1 is a signal indicating whether or not it exists. If (S i + j S q) exists in the shaded area 291, the selector 1311 is controlled by the outermost symbol estimator 130 and outputs the outermost symbol selection signal output.
- the outermost symbol output from terminal 1 3 13 is output to complex conjugate section 102 as an estimated symbol. That is, the symbol indicated by ⁇ in FIG.
- phase error detection can be performed accurately.
- phase error detecting section 12 d in the carrier reproducing apparatus according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 26 is the same as the phase error detecting section in the carrier reproducing apparatus according to the second embodiment. 1b, or a configuration in which the phase error detection section 12c in the carrier recovery apparatus according to Embodiment 3 further includes an outermost symbol estimation section 130 and a selection section 131. Needless to say, the same effect can be obtained. In this case, it is possible to further improve the frequency pull-in characteristic and the phase jitter characteristic at the time of receiving the multi-level quadrature amplitude modulation signal (QAM).
- QAM multi-level quadrature amplitude modulation signal
- phase error detection unit 12 d having the configuration shown in FIG. 26, a symbol estimation unit 101, a complex conjugate unit 102, a second complex multiplication unit 103, and an imaginary part
- the components of selection section 104 have been described based on phase error detection section 12a of FIG. 2 in the first embodiment. However, it goes without saying that the same effect can be obtained even with the phase error detection section 12a having the configuration shown in FIG. 3 or FIG.
- the carrier recovery apparatus according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention is characterized in that the carrier recovery apparatus according to the first, second, third, and fourth embodiments has a frequency pull-in range (capture range). It allows for further expansion.
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a carrier recovery apparatus according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- the carrier reproducing apparatus according to Embodiment 5 includes a modulation signal input terminal 10, a complex multiplier 11, a phase error detector 12 a, a frequency error detector 16, Loop filter 1 3a, It has a numerically controlled oscillator 14 and a demodulated signal output terminal 15.
- the carrier recovery apparatus according to Embodiment 5 is different from the carrier recovery apparatus according to Embodiment 1 in that a frequency error detection unit 16 is further added, and a loop filter 13 and a loop filter 13 are added. This is a configuration replacing a.
- the configuration other than the frequency error detector 16 and the loop filter 13a of the carrier recovery apparatus according to Embodiment 5 is the same as the configuration of the carrier recovery apparatus according to Embodiment 1 described above. Are given the same reference numerals and their description is omitted.
- the phase error signal output from the phase error detection unit 12 a is input to the loop filter 13 a and the frequency error detection unit 16.
- the output of the frequency error detector 16 is input to the loop filter 13a.
- the loop filter 13a combines the output of the frequency error detector 16 with the phase error signal output from the phase error detector 12a, removes high frequency components, and performs numerical control as a control signal. Supply to oscillator 14.
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing a detailed configuration of the frequency error detector 16 in the carrier recovery apparatus of FIG. The operation of the frequency error detector 16 will be described with reference to FIG.
- the frequency error detection section 16 includes a phase error input terminal 300, a one-symbol delay section 301, a subtraction section 302, and a frequency error output terminal 308.
- the phase error signal input from the phase error input terminal 300 is input to the one-symbol delay unit 301, delayed by one symbol period, and input to the subtraction unit 302.
- the subtraction unit 302 calculates the difference between the output signal of the symbol delay unit 301 and the phase error signal input from the current phase error input terminal 300, and outputs the result to the frequency error output terminal 310.
- PC translation 07 PC translation 07
- FIG. 21 is a diagram schematically showing the operation of the frequency error detector 16 on a signal space diagram.
- the received digital modulation signal is 4 PSK, and only the first quadrant is shown for simplicity.
- the frequency error detection operation of the frequency error detection unit 16 will be described with reference to FIG.
- the I signal axis 150, the Q signal axis 151, and the Hata symbol 153 are the I signal axis 150, the Q signal axis 151, and the Hata symbol in Fig. 16. This is the same as the symbol 153, and a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- Symbols 2101 and 2102 indicated by ⁇ indicate that the frequency error between the signal input through the modulation signal input terminal 10 in Fig. 11 and the output signal of the numerically controlled oscillator 14 is small.
- the symbol is an output signal of the complex multiplication unit 11 in the case where the symbol is present, where the symbol 2 101 is a symbol that appeared at the time T 1, and the symbol 2 102 is a symbol that appeared at the time T 2.
- the symbol 2 102 is the symbol that arrives next to the symbol 2 101. It is assumed that these modulated signals have a frequency error ( ⁇ ) with respect to the output signal of the numerically controlled oscillator 14. Due to the frequency error ( ⁇ ⁇ ), the phase difference between the received quadrature modulated signal and the original symbol changes from ⁇ 0 1 to ⁇ 6> 2 during one symbol period.
- the frequency error ( ⁇ ) and the amount of change in the phase error ( ⁇ 02 ⁇ ) can be expressed by equation (10).
- the output of the phase error detector 12a is the Q signal axis component of the coordinates shown by the seals 210 and 210 in FIG.
- the output of the phase error detector 1 2a is also 1 symbol due to the presence of the frequency error (A f). 0302807
- FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing a detailed configuration of the loop filter 13a.
- the loop filter 13 a is composed of a phase error signal input terminal 200, a direct amplification unit 201, an integration amplification unit 202, and a first addition unit 203.
- the loop filter 13 a in the carrier recovery according to the fifth embodiment is different from the loop filter 13 in the carrier recovery device according to the first embodiment in the third addition unit 2. 09, a frequency error amplifying unit 211, and a frequency error input terminal 210.
- the other configuration is the same as that of the loop filter 13, and the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof will be omitted.
- the output signal of the frequency error detecting section 16 is input to the frequency error amplifying section 211 via the frequency error input terminal 210 and amplified.
- the output of the frequency error amplifier 211 is input to the third adder 209.
- the integration system 1401 which acts on the correction of the frequency error, includes the integration system amplification unit 202, the frequency error amplification unit 211, and the T JP03 / 02807
- the numerically controlled oscillation section 14 is an oscillation section of a type for advancing (or delaying) its output phase in proportion to an input control signal. Therefore, with the configuration described above, the oscillation phase of the numerically controlled oscillator 14 can be controlled based on the detected frequency error signal.
- the frequency error detector 16 detects the frequency error based on the phase error signal detected by the phase error detector 12a, and the frequency error is detected by the phase error detector 12a in the loop filter 13a. By combining this with the phase error signal thus obtained and using it as a control signal for the numerically controlled oscillator 14, a larger frequency error can be corrected.
- phase error detecting section 12a in the carrier reproducing apparatus according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 11 is the same as the phase error detecting section in the carrier reproducing apparatus according to the second embodiment. Needless to say, the same effect can be obtained even if the configuration is changed to 12b or the phase error detection unit 12d in the carrier recovery apparatus according to Embodiment 4 described above. In this case, it is possible to further improve the frequency pull-in characteristic and the phase jitter characteristic at the time of receiving the multi-level quadrature amplitude modulation signal (QAM).
- QAM multi-level quadrature amplitude modulation signal
- phase error detecting section 12a in the carrier reproducing apparatus according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 11 is replaced with the phase error detecting section in the carrier reproducing apparatus according to the third embodiment. Can be replaced with 1 2 c You. In that case, the frequency error detector 16 must be changed to the frequency error detector 16a shown in FIG.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing a detailed configuration of the frequency error detector 16a.
- the frequency error detection unit 16 a includes a phase error input terminal 300, a one-symbol delay unit 301, a subtraction unit 302, and a frequency error output terminal 310. Comparing sections 305 and 306, a logical sum calculating section 307, a selecting section 303 and a constant generating section 304 are provided.
- the frequency error detection section 16a includes the above-described frequency error detection section 16; comparison sections 305 and 306; a logical sum calculation section 307; a selection section 303; and a constant generation section 3 0 4 is further added.
- the configuration is the same as that of the frequency error detection unit 16 except for the comparison units 305, 306, the logical sum calculation unit 307, the selection unit 303, and the constant generation unit 304.
- the same parts are denoted by the same reference numerals and their description is omitted.
- a phase error signal is supplied from a phase error detection unit 12 c to a phase error input terminal 300.
- the detected phase error signal is supplied only when it is determined that the supplied phase error signal is appropriate as the phase error signal. That is, the detected phase error signal is supplied only when the received signal exists in the hatched portion in FIG. 23 or FIG. If it is determined that it is not appropriate, the phase error detector 12c outputs a constant "0".
- FIG. 13 is configured so that the output of the phase error detector 12c in the inappropriate case is not used for frequency error detection.
- the comparison unit 3505 receives the output of the 1-symbol delay unit 3101 and compares and determines whether each input signal is not “0”. If each input signal is not “0”, it outputs "1”. If it is "0", it outputs "0".
- the comparison section 306 receives the output of the phase error detection section 12c input to the phase error input terminal 300. To determine whether the input signal is not “0”. If each input signal is not “0”, it outputs "1”. If it is "0", it outputs "0".
- the logical sum calculator 307 performs a logical sum of the output of the comparator 305 and the output of the comparator 306.
- the output of the OR calculator 307 is input to the selector 303 as a control signal of the selector 303.
- the subtraction section 302 subtracts the output of the 1-symbol delay section 301 from the signal input via the phase error input terminal 300.
- the selection section 303 is controlled by the output of the logical sum calculation section 307, and selects one of the output of the subtraction section 302 and the output of the constant generation section 304. That is, the output of the phase error detector 12 c delayed by one symbol and the output of the current phase error detector 12 c input from the phase error input terminal 300 are both “0”. Only when there is no output, the selection unit 303 outputs the output of the subtraction unit 302 to the frequency error output terminal 308. In other cases, the constant "0" is output from the constant generator 304.
- the phase error detecting section 12a in the carrier reproducing apparatus according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 11 is the same as the phase error detecting section in the carrier reproducing apparatus according to the third embodiment.
- the same effect can be obtained even if the configuration is changed to 12c. In this case, it is possible to further improve the frequency pull-in characteristic and the phase jitter characteristic in a reception situation having noise or reflection interference.
- the carrier reproducing apparatus of the present invention reproduces a carrier for demodulating a digital modulation signal such as a multilevel quadrature amplitude modulation signal or a polyphase modulation signal.
- a digital modulation signal such as a multilevel quadrature amplitude modulation signal or a polyphase modulation signal.
- ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION The carrier wave recovery apparatus of this invention can detect the phase error of a modulation signal by simple operation, can reduce a circuit scale, and can improve a frequency pull-in characteristic and a phase jitter characteristic.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Digital Transmission Methods That Use Modulated Carrier Waves (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN03809472.XA CN1650591B (zh) | 2002-03-11 | 2003-03-10 | 载波再现装置 |
US10/505,926 US7277502B2 (en) | 2002-03-11 | 2003-03-10 | Carrier recovery apparatus |
EP03708526A EP1484881A4 (en) | 2002-03-11 | 2003-03-10 | APPARATUS FOR REPRODUCING A RADIO CARRIER |
JP2003575578A JP3794412B2 (ja) | 2002-03-11 | 2003-03-10 | 搬送波再生装置 |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2002064880 | 2002-03-11 | ||
JP2002/64880 | 2002-03-11 | ||
JP2002315687 | 2002-10-30 | ||
JP2002/315687 | 2002-10-30 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2003077497A1 true WO2003077497A1 (fr) | 2003-09-18 |
Family
ID=27806956
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2003/002807 WO2003077497A1 (fr) | 2002-03-11 | 2003-03-10 | Appareil de reproduction d'une porteuse radioelectrique |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7277502B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1484881A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3794412B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1650591B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2003077497A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2007028161A (ja) * | 2005-07-15 | 2007-02-01 | Japan Radio Co Ltd | 振幅位相制御装置および受信システム |
CN102075489A (zh) * | 2009-09-21 | 2011-05-25 | 倍威科技有限公司 | Qam载波恢复的方法和系统 |
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US20070183484A1 (en) * | 2005-10-27 | 2007-08-09 | Matthias Brehler | System and method of frequency acquisition |
JP4573276B2 (ja) * | 2006-02-08 | 2010-11-04 | パイオニア株式会社 | 搬送波再生装置及び復調装置 |
EP2040428A1 (en) * | 2006-12-15 | 2009-03-25 | Panasonic Corporation | Carrier reproducer and carrier reproducing method |
US8204156B2 (en) * | 2008-12-31 | 2012-06-19 | Intel Corporation | Phase error detection with conditional probabilities |
EP2645660B1 (en) * | 2010-11-26 | 2015-06-10 | Nec Corporation | Pll circuit |
US9083471B2 (en) * | 2011-03-03 | 2015-07-14 | Technion Research And Development Foundation Ltd. | Coherent and self-coherent signal processing techniques |
US10382246B2 (en) | 2014-01-07 | 2019-08-13 | Quantumsine Acquisitions Inc. | Combined amplitude-time and phase modulation |
US11140018B2 (en) * | 2014-01-07 | 2021-10-05 | Quantumsine Acquisitions Inc. | Method and apparatus for intra-symbol multi-dimensional modulation |
WO2019060923A1 (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2019-03-28 | Quantumsine Acquisitions Inc. | AMPLITUDE AND TIME MODULATION COMBINED WITH PHASE MODULATION |
EP3672070A1 (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2020-06-24 | Nxp B.V. | Communications device and method for operating a communications device |
CN111060866B (zh) * | 2020-03-16 | 2020-07-07 | 南京万自联电子科技有限公司 | 一种双通道无线通信测向系统及其测向方法 |
CN112787723B (zh) * | 2020-12-29 | 2022-03-25 | 武汉邮电科学研究院有限公司 | 一种非线性编码器、编码方法及光传输系统 |
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- 2003-03-10 EP EP03708526A patent/EP1484881A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-03-10 US US10/505,926 patent/US7277502B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-03-10 WO PCT/JP2003/002807 patent/WO2003077497A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2003-03-10 CN CN03809472.XA patent/CN1650591B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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JP2007028161A (ja) * | 2005-07-15 | 2007-02-01 | Japan Radio Co Ltd | 振幅位相制御装置および受信システム |
CN102075489A (zh) * | 2009-09-21 | 2011-05-25 | 倍威科技有限公司 | Qam载波恢复的方法和系统 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1484881A4 (en) | 2011-01-12 |
CN1650591B (zh) | 2010-05-12 |
JP3794412B2 (ja) | 2006-07-05 |
US7277502B2 (en) | 2007-10-02 |
CN1650591A (zh) | 2005-08-03 |
US20050207514A1 (en) | 2005-09-22 |
EP1484881A1 (en) | 2004-12-08 |
JPWO2003077497A1 (ja) | 2005-07-07 |
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