Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
  • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
  • G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
  • G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
  • G01N21/645—Specially adapted constructive features of fluorimeters
  • G01N21/6452—Individual samples arranged in a regular 2D-array, e.g. multiwell plates
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
  • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
  • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
  • G01N21/251—Colorimeters; Construction thereof
  • G01N21/253—Colorimeters; Construction thereof for batch operation, i.e. multisample apparatus
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
  • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
  • G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
  • G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
  • G01N21/645—Specially adapted constructive features of fluorimeters
  • G01N21/6456—Spatial resolved fluorescence measurements; Imaging
  • G01N21/6458—Fluorescence microscopy
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B21/00—Microscopes
  • G02B21/36—Microscopes arranged for photographic purposes or projection purposes or digital imaging or video purposes including associated control and data processing arrangements
  • G02B21/365—Control or image processing arrangements for digital or video microscopes
  • G02B21/367—Control or image processing arrangements for digital or video microscopes providing an output produced by processing a plurality of individual source images, e.g. image tiling, montage, composite images, depth sectioning, image comparison

Definitions

• Figure 16B is a graph showing that the frequency of automated imaging measurements does not detectably affect survival.
• Figure 16C is a graph showing that the automated imaging and analysis can be used to demonstrate kainate neurotoxicity.
• Figure 16D is a graph showing that automated imaging and analysis detects the ability of constitutively active Akt to promote neuronal survival.
• Such hardware includes an incandescent light source 32 moderated by an electronic shutter 34, which is in turn operated by a controller 36. When the shutter is open, light is transmitted from the source via optics 38 to illuminate the field of view of the objectives. Such lighting is utilized, preferably in connection with phase contrast optics where a plastic well plate is used, to enable focusing without the use of the xenon light source.
• the pattern may move from inside (from the center of the well) outward. Spiral, box-step or another fashion of movement may be employed. Starting in the center of the well is, however, preferred in that it allows for focusing (where an initial focus set is to be employed) at a point unaffected by meniscus effects closer to the sides of a well.
• a subset e.g., the central 80%
• Such an approach helps avoid situations where a portion of one matrix is not represented in the other matrix (and therefore would not contribute to the sum to identify a local maximum - unless the matrices were already identical/aligned) and the potential for unpredictability associated with the same.
• taking a subset of the available matrix values lowers computational requirements.
• parameters that provide useful information in this regard include the following:
• magnification levels will generally result in a lower object count; conversely, lower magnification levels will generally result in higher counts. Accordingly lower magnification settings may prove more efficient in some instances. Yet it will sometimes be required to use higher magnification in order to resolve smaller bodies or portions thereof to track biologic variables (e.g., cell variable).
• biologic variables e.g., cell variable
• the systems and methods of the invention are used to determine whether the expression of a protein (e.g., the role of hungtingin in Huntington's disease), and appearance of changes in the levels or aggregation of the protein cause cell death or are instead a symptom of cell death (e.g., an attempt by the cell to avoid cell death, but which is not the cause of cell death itself).
• a protein e.g., the role of hungtingin in Huntington's disease
• a symptom of cell death e.g., an attempt by the cell to avoid cell death, but which is not the cause of cell death itself.
• the systems and methods of the invention provide for imaging of single cells or populations of cells in real time and within desired time intervals, including relatively short time intervals. For example, a 24 well substrate, where each well comprises 13 contiguous optical fields to be captured by a CCD, can be imaged in approximately 10 minutes.
• Detection of multiple variables in screening assays Because the imaging systems and methods of the invention can be used to obtain data for multiple variables in a single sample. For example, one or more biologic variables can be detected, and, for example, changes in such biologic variables detected over time by comparing images obtained using the system of the invention.
• phosphorothioates Among useful changes in the backbone chemistry are phosphorothioates; phosphorodithioates, where both of the non-bridging oxygens are substituted with sulfur; phosphoroamidites; alkyl phosphotriesters and boranophosphates.
• Achiral phosphate derivatives include 3'-O'-5'-S-phosphorothioate, 3'-S-5'-O-phosphorothioate, 3'-CH 2 -5'-O- phosphonate and 3'-NH-5'-O-phosphoroamidate.
• Peptide nucleic acids replace the entire ribose phosphodiester backbone with a peptide linkage.
• Sugar modifications are also used to enhance stability and affinity, e.g.
• modification include, without limitation, caps, substitution of one or more of the naturally-occurring nucleotides with an analog, and introduction of means for attaching the polynucleotide to proteins, metal ions, labeling components, other polynueleotides or a support (e.g., a bead).
• caps substitution of one or more of the naturally-occurring nucleotides with an analog
• the polynucleotide is screened in the assays of the invention to assess the effect of a gene product encoded by the polynucleotide.
• the genetic agent is an antisense sequence that acts to reduce expression of the complementary sequence.
• Antisense nucleic acids are designed to specifically bind to RNA, resulting in the formation of RNA-DNA or RNA-RNA hybrids, with an arrest of DNA replication, reverse transcription or messenger RNA translation.
• Antisense molecules inhibit gene expression through various mechanisms, e.g., by reducing the amount of mRNA available for translation, through activation of RNAse H, or steric hindrance.
• Antisense nucleic acids based on a selected nucleic acid sequence can interfere with expression of the corresponding gene.
• Antisense nucleic acids can be generated within the cell by transcription from antisense constructs that contain the antisense strand as the transcribed strand.
• the focal plane determined by automated focusing with transmitted light could be used as a reference to determine the position of the focal plane of fluorescence images.
• the focal plane was located a relatively fixed distance from this reference focal plane.
• the location of the focal planes for different fluorophores relative to the reference focal plane was empirically determined, and then programs were developed that would automatically introduce the appropriate offset as the computer changed fluorescence filters.
• Example 4 Precision and high-throughput image acquisition
• Empirical examination was undertaken to determine whether other features of the image could be used to correct this error in our threshold calculation. It was discovered that the incorporation of some measure of the variance of the distribution of the pixels in the calculation led to a substantially more accurate prediction of the appropriate threshold value for most of our images.
• the expression level of a marker gene was tested for its use as a surrogate for the expression of a co-transfected gene.
• Neurons were co-transfected neurons with varying amounts of YFP and CFP, and the fluorescence of each protein measured in each neuron. The ability to correlate expression of one gene correlated with the expression of the other was then examined.
• Fig. 16A is a panel of photographs exemplifying application of an automated imaging system to the study of neuronal survival, and showing that loss of GFP fluorescence correlates with a loss of membrane integrity and nuclear staining with ethidium homodimer.
• GFP transfected neurons (white arrows) were treated with the neurotoxin kainic acid (kainite) in the presence of the membrane impermeant nuclear dye, ethidium homodimer (EtHD).
• EtHD ethidium homodimer

Landscapes

• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Biochemistry (AREA)
• Pathology (AREA)
• Immunology (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Multimedia (AREA)
• Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
• Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
• Optics & Photonics (AREA)
• Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
• Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
• Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
• Microscoopes, Condenser (AREA)
• Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
• Investigating Or Analysing Materials By The Use Of Chemical Reactions (AREA)
• Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
• Image Processing (AREA)

Priority Applications (4)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=23321125

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (6)

Cited By (5)

Families Citing this family (132)

Citations (4)

Family Cites Families (38)

• 2002
  • 2002-12-05 EP EP02792332.5A patent/EP1461592B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2002-12-05 US US10/313,942 patent/US7139415B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2002-12-05 JP JP2003549853A patent/JP4497923B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2002-12-05 CA CA2468861A patent/CA2468861C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2002-12-05 AU AU2002357791A patent/AU2002357791B9/en not_active Expired
  • 2002-12-05 WO PCT/US2002/039033 patent/WO2003048705A1/en not_active Ceased

Patent Citations (4)

Non-Patent Citations (11)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events