WO2002098023A1 - Dispositif et procede de commande de synchronisation - Google Patents
Dispositif et procede de commande de synchronisation Download PDFInfo
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- WO2002098023A1 WO2002098023A1 PCT/JP2002/002461 JP0202461W WO02098023A1 WO 2002098023 A1 WO2002098023 A1 WO 2002098023A1 JP 0202461 W JP0202461 W JP 0202461W WO 02098023 A1 WO02098023 A1 WO 02098023A1
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- phase difference
- speed clock
- timing
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- reference timing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W56/00—Synchronisation arrangements
- H04W56/0035—Synchronisation arrangements detecting errors in frequency or phase
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Definitions
- a mobile station communicating with a base station in a mobile communication system clarifies a low-speed clock switched from a high-speed clock in order to reduce power consumption during standby.
- Timing control device and tag provided to maintain synchronization with base station while using
- the present invention relates to a gaming control method.
- the timing control device provided in a mobile device in a mobile communication system performs continuous reception while maintaining synchronization with the base station.
- low-speed clocks are used to manage timing during sleep periods to reduce power consumption during standby.
- the frequency deviation between the high-speed clock and the low-speed clock was calculated before the transition to intermittent reception, and the frequency was corrected based on the calculation result.
- the low-speed cooker is used during the sleep period during intermittent reception.
- a high-speed clock uses a clock with high frequency stability (several ppm), for example, using a TCXO (temperature-compensated crystal oscillator)
- a low-speed clock uses, for example, an RTC for operating a clock function.
- a clock such as (Real Time Clock) which is susceptible to temperature fluctuation and has low frequency stability accuracy (about 100 ppm) is used. Therefore, if intermittent reception is repeated for a certain period of time, a further deviation occurs due to the frequency deviation between the high-speed clock and the low-speed clock calculated before the transition.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 10-19056 discloses As described above, conventionally, the frequency deviation of the low-speed clock is periodically calculated using the high-speed clock during the period in which the intermittent reception continues.
- an outline of a timing control device in a conventional mobile device will be described. .
- the above-mentioned frequency deviations are offset by the TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) mobile communication system in which each channel is separated by the time axis, and the FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access) in which each channel is separated by frequency.
- TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
- FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access
- CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a timing control device in a conventional mobile device.
- the timing controller includes a master clock generator (hereinafter, referred to as “TCXO”) 10, a phase synchronization unit (hereinafter, referred to as “PLL”) 20, a timing controller 30, and a low-speed clock generator. 40 (hereinafter referred to as “RTC”) and a control unit 50.
- the timing control section 30 includes frequency dividers 31 and 32, a frequency deviation correction value calculation section 33, and a reference timing counter section.
- the PLL 20 receives the original clock 1 t from the TXCO 10, generates a reference clock 20 t which is doubled to a frequency required for the timing control unit 30, and outputs the reference clock 20 t to the frequency divider 31 of the timing control unit 30 and the reference timing. Output to counter 34. Further, the PLL 20 receives the PLL control signal 20 r from the reference timing counter unit 34, determines whether or not it is necessary to generate the reference clock 20 t, and outputs a TCXO control signal 10 r to the TXCO 10. It has become.
- the TCXO control signal 10 r is a signal that requests the TCXO 10 to stop oscillation when it is determined that the reference clock 20 t is not required, and requests the TCXO 10 to oscillate when it is determined that the reference clock 20 t is required. It is.
- the frequency divider 31 divides the frequency of the reference clock 20 t to generate a high-speed clock 31 t and outputs the high-speed clock 31 t to the frequency deviation correction value calculator 33 and the frequency divider 32.
- the frequency deviation correction value calculation unit 33 detects that the high-speed clock 31 t and the RTC 40 are constantly generated.
- the frequency deviation correction value 33 t is calculated based on the low-speed clock 40 t and output to the reference timing counter section 34.
- the frequency divider 32 divides the high-speed clock 3 It to generate a reference clock 32 t and outputs it to the reference timing counter 34.
- the control unit 50 outputs the timing of transition from the normal reception to the sleep period in intermittent reception and the timing of the end of the sleep period to the reference timing counter unit 34 as the clock switching timing 50 t.
- the clock switching timing 50 t output when shifting from the normal reception to the sleep period in the intermittent reception indicates the timing of switching from the reference clock 32 t to the low-speed clock 40 t.
- the clock switching timing 50 t output at the end of the sleep period in intermittent reception indicates the timing of switching from the low-speed clock 40 t to the reference clock 32 t. +
- the reference timing counter section 34 generates a reference timing 34 t that gives an operation reference of each section of the mobile station based on the frequency deviation correction value 33 t, the reference clock 32 t and the low-speed clock 40 t, and It is supplied to each part. Further, the reference timing counter section 34 determines whether or not a force that requires the high-speed clock 31 t based on the clock switching timing 50 t, and generates a PLL control signal 20 r. The PLL control signal 20 r requests the PLL 20 to stop oscillation when it is determined that the high-speed clock 31 t is not required, and outputs the PLL 20 0 when it determines that the high-speed clock 31 t is required. Is a signal requesting oscillation.
- the reference timing counter section 34 switches from the reference clock 32 t to the low-speed clock 40 t and the low-speed clock 40 t in accordance with the clock switching timing 50 t input from the control section 50. To the reference clock 32 t. Switching from the low-speed clock 40 t to the reference clock 32 t is performed to shift to normal reception at the end of the sleep period during intermittent reception. In this case, the reference timing counter section 34 switches from the low-speed clock 40 t to the reference clock 32 t. Before executing the replacement, output the PLL control signal 20r to the PLL20 and request the start of oscillation of the reference clock 20t. The PLL 20 receives such a PLL control signal 2Or, outputs a TCXO control signal 10r to the TCXO 10, and requests the start of oscillation of the original oscillation clock 10t.
- the original clock 10 t output from the TCXO 10 is multiplied by the clock required by the timing control unit 30 by the PLL 20 to become the reference clock 20 t, and the frequency divider 31 inside the timing control unit 30 And input to the reference timing counter section 34.
- the frequency divider 31 the input reference clock
- the 20 t is frequency-divided into the clock frequency used by the frequency deviation correction value calculation unit 33 and output to the frequency deviation correction value calculation unit 33 and the frequency divider 32 as a high-speed clock 31 t.
- the input high-speed clock 31t is frequency-divided by the reference timing counter section 34 to the clock rate used in a steady state such as continuous reception, and the reference clock is output.
- the reference timing counter section 34 counts up a reference timing counter that gives an operation reference timing of the mobile station according to the reference clock 32 t, generates a slot pulse or a frame pulse based on the slot timing or the frame timing, and generates the reference timing. Output to each part of the mobile device as 34 t. In other words, the maintenance of the synchronization with the base station is controlled using the reference clock 32 t generated from the high-speed clock 31 t, and normal continuous reception and the like are executed.
- the frequency deviation correction value calculator 33 calculates the frequency deviation of the low-speed clock 40t during the normal reception using the high-speed clock 31t, and uses the obtained frequency deviation correction value 33t as the reference timing. Output to the counter section 34.
- the reference timing counter unit 34 switches the reference clock 32 t with high power consumption to the low-speed clock 40 t with low power consumption to reduce power consumption. Execute. In this case, the reference timing counter 34 outputs the PLL control signal 20r to the PLL 20, and requests the reference clock 20t to stop oscillating. PLL20 Outputs TCXO control signal 10 r to TCXO 10 according to the request, and requests to stop oscillation of original clock 10 t.
- the reference timing counter unit 34 corrects the low-speed clock 40 t using the frequency deviation; if a positive value 33 t, and counts up a reference timing counter that gives an operation reference timing of the mobile device according to the corrected low-speed clock, The reference timing 34 t is supplied to each unit, and the end of the sleep period is managed.
- the intermittent reception operation is performed while maintaining the synchronization with the base station using the corrected low-speed clock. Since the low-speed clock consumes less power, the power consumption during standby is reduced.
- the control unit 50 starts the calculation of the sleep period, and outputs a clock switching timing 50 t indicating the end time of the sleep period to the reference timing counter unit 34. The above operation is repeated.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing an intermittent reception operation controlled by a conventional timing control device.
- step (hereinafter referred to as "STJ '") 101 the reference timing counter is counted up by using a clock obtained by correcting the low-speed clock 40t of the reference timing counter unit 34 with the frequency deviation correction value 33t.
- the count value reaches the switching time from the low-speed clock 40 t to the reference clock 32 t indicated by the clock switching timing 50 t from the control unit 50, it is determined that the sleep period has ended, and the PLL control signal 20 r Requests the release of oscillation stop to PLL20.
- the STX upon receiving a request to start oscillation by the PLL20 control signal 20r, the STX requests the TCXO10 to release the oscillation stop by the TCXO control signal 10r.
- PLL 20 does not start the oscillation operation.
- the reference timing counter unit 34 uses the clock that is used for counting up the reference timing counter to reduce the reference clock from the low-speed clock 40 t to the reference clock. Switch to 32t.
- the frequency deviation correction value calculation unit 33 In ST 104, the frequency deviation correction value calculation unit 33 generates a pulse width corresponding to 8192 clocks of a 32.768 kHz low-speed clock 40 t, and counts this pulse width with a 30.72 MHz high-speed clock 31 t. Next, the average frequency deviation correction value 33 t per one clock of the low-speed clock is obtained from the difference between the count value and the count number 7680000 when there is no deviation, and is output to the reference timing counter section 34.
- the control unit detects call information of the own station from polling information from the base station. If there is no call from the own station, the base station notifies the reference timing counter section 34 of the time when the sleep period is resumed and the time when the sleep period ends at the clock switching timing 50 t. When the counter value reaches the switching time from the reference clock 32 t to the low-speed clock 40 t indicated by the clock switching timing 50 t, the reference timing counter 34 determines the clock used for the count-up operation as the reference. From the clock 32 t, the low-speed clock 40 t is switched to the low-speed clock corrected by the frequency deviation correction value 33 t. If the polling information from the base station includes a call from the own station, the mobile station shifts to the normal communication state without changing to the sleep period.
- the PLL 20 is requested to stop oscillation by the reference timing counter unit 34 L PLL control signal 20r.
- PLL2 C When this PLL control signal 20r receives a request to stop oscillation, After stopping the clock 20 t oscillation, request the TCXO 10 to stop the oscillation with the TCXO control signal 10 r.
- the TCXO 10 receives the oscillation stop request by the TCXO control signal 10 r, the TCXO 10 stops outputting the original oscillation clock 10 t. After that, the process returns to ST101. The same operation is repeated during the intermittent reception operation.
- FIG. 14 is a time chart at the time of the intermittent reception operation.
- the intermittent reception period 131 includes a reception period 132 for receiving polling information transmitted from the base station using the reference clock 32 t and determining whether or not the own station is capable of transmitting power.
- a sleep period 133 started by switching to the low-speed clock after the elapse of the reception period 132, and a TCXO 10 started at the end of the sleep period 133
- the TCXO oscillation stabilization period 134 until the stable master clock 10 t can be output, and the PLL oscillation stabilization period until the PLL 20 started by the master clock 10 t can output the stable reference clock 20 t 135.
- the reference clock 32 t is used only during the reception period 132 in which polling information is sent from the base station, and the low-speed clock 40 t with low power consumption is used during the rest period 133. As a result, power consumption is reduced.
- the frequency deviation of the low-speed clock with low frequency stability accuracy is calculated in advance using the high-speed clock with high frequency stability accuracy, and the intermittent reception is performed using the correction value of the obtained frequency deviation. Since the deviation of the low-speed clock used during the sleep period is corrected, it is possible to maintain highly accurate timing management during intermittent reception.
- the present invention provides a timing control device and a timing control method for a mobile device that can reduce the frequency of calculating the frequency deviation of the low-speed clock even during the period in which the intermittent reception continues, and can reduce the power consumption for calculating the correction value. It is intended to be Disclosure of the invention
- the timing control device uses a high-precision high-speed clock to force the reference timing of the mobile device during normal communication with the base station, while calculating in advance during the normal communication during the sleep period during intermittent reception.
- Timing control in the mobile station that counts the reference timing of the mobile station in accordance with the low-speed clock corrected based on the difference between the high-speed clock and the low-precision low-speed clock, and manages the end timing of the sleep period during intermittent reception.
- An apparatus wherein during a reception period after the sleep period, a reception channel actually detected indicated by an assumed detection position of a reception channel and a reference timing of a mobile station counted according to the high-speed clock. It is characterized in that a fluctuation detecting means for obtaining a phase difference from the position is provided.
- the sleep period is managed according to the low-speed clock with low frequency stability that is susceptible to temperature changes. Therefore, during the reception period after the sleep period, the influence of the low-speed clock whose frequency stability fluctuates is affected. Is reflected.
- the fluctuation detection means detects the actually detected reception channel indicated by the assumed detection position of the reception channel and the reference timing of the mobile device counted according to the high-speed clock. The phase difference from the position is determined. From the magnitude of this phase difference, the magnitude of the fluctuation in the frequency stability accuracy of the low-speed cook required to follow the fluctuation in the deviation between the high-speed cook and the low-speed cook is obtained.
- the timing control device is the timing control device according to the above invention, wherein, when the intermittent reception operation is repeated, when the phase difference obtained by the fluctuation detection means exceeds a predetermined threshold, the deviation is calculated.
- the frequency of the force at which the operation of performing the correction is performed at every period of the intermittent reception operation is set differently depending on the extent to which the phase difference exceeds the threshold
- a correction operation cycle setting means is provided.
- the correction operation cycle setting means sets the high-speed cut and the low-speed cut.
- the interval between the operations for calculating and correcting the deviation from the frequency is set to be short, for example, every intermittent reception cycle, and the fluctuation of the frequency stabilization accuracy is small. It is set long like every intermittent reception cycle.
- the correction operation instruction means when the intermittent reception operation is repeated, if the phase difference obtained by the fluctuation detecting means exceeds a predetermined threshold, the deviation between the high-speed clock and the low-speed clock is immediately determined by the correction operation instruction means. An instruction to start the operation of calculating and correcting is issued. In other words, if the phase difference obtained by the fluctuation detecting means does not exceed the predetermined threshold, the operation of calculating and correcting the deviation between the high-speed mouth and the low-speed mouth is not performed. .
- the timing control device is the timing control device according to the above invention, wherein, when the intermittent reception operation is repeated, the phase difference obtained by the fluctuation detecting means continuously exceeds a predetermined threshold a predetermined number of times. And a correction operation instructing means for issuing an instruction to start the operation of calculating and correcting the deviation.
- the high-speed clock and the low-speed clock are corrected by the correcting operation instructing means.
- An instruction to start the operation to calculate and correct the deviation from is issued. In other words, even when the phase difference obtained by the fluctuation detecting means exceeds a predetermined threshold, if the phase difference does not continue a predetermined number of times, the operation of calculating and correcting the deviation between the high-speed clock and the low-speed clock is Not done.
- the timing control device is the timing control device according to the above invention, wherein when the phase difference obtained by the fluctuation detection means exceeds a predetermined threshold value, the mobile device is counted using the high-speed clock. Reference timing correction means for correcting timing according to the phase difference is provided.
- the reference timing correction means counts the mobile device counted using the high-speed clock according to the phase difference. A correction is made as to whether the timing position is advanced or delayed to match the actual reception position.
- the timing control method is characterized in that during normal communication with the base station, the reference timing of the mobile station is counted using a high-precision high-speed clock, while during the sleep period during intermittent reception, the timing is calculated in advance during the normal communication.
- a timing control method in a mobile device which counts the reference timing of the mobile device according to the low-speed clock corrected based on the deviation between the high-speed clock and the low-precision low-speed clock, and manages the end timing of the sleep period at the time of intermittent reception. In the reception period after the sleep period, the phase difference between the assumed detection position of the reception channel and the actually detected reception channel position indicated by the reference timing of the mobile station counted according to the high-speed clock. Is obtained.
- the sleep period is managed in accordance with the low-speed stability with low frequency stability accuracy that is easily affected by temperature changes. Therefore, during the reception period after the sleep period, the frequency stability accuracy fluctuates. The effect of the clock is reflected. Therefore, during the reception period after the sleep period, the phase difference between the assumed reception channel detection position and the actually detected reception channel position indicated by the reference timing of the mobile station counted according to the high-speed clock is determined. Desired. Either the magnitude of this phase difference or the magnitude of the fluctuation in the frequency stability accuracy of the low-speed clock required to follow the fluctuation in the deviation between the high-speed clock and the low-speed clock.
- the obtained phase difference is a predetermined threshold value. If the phase difference exceeds the threshold, a step of setting the cycle of performing the operation of calculating and correcting the deviation at every cycle of the intermittent reception operation is differently set according to the extent to which the phase difference exceeds a threshold. .
- the operation interval for calculating and correcting the deviation between the high-speed clock and the low-speed clock has a frequency stable frequency.
- the variation in accuracy is large, for example, it is set to be short, such as for each intermittent reception cycle, and when the variation in frequency stability accuracy is small, it is set to be long, for example, for each of multiple intermittent reception cycles.
- the operation of immediately calculating and correcting the deviation between the high-speed clock and the low-speed clock is started.
- An instruction is issued.
- the operation of calculating and correcting the difference between the high-speed clock and the low-speed clock is not performed.
- the timing control method in the case where the intermittent reception operation is repeated, the case where the obtained phase difference exceeds a predetermined threshold value; It is characterized in that it includes a step of issuing an instruction to start a calculation and correction operation.
- the operation of calculating and correcting the deviation between the high-speed clock and the low-speed clock when the obtained phase difference exceeds a predetermined threshold for a predetermined number of times Is issued.
- the operation of calculating and correcting the deviation between the high-speed clock and the low-speed clock is not performed.
- the timing control method according to the next invention in the above-mentioned invention, when the obtained phase difference exceeds a predetermined threshold, the reference timing of the mobile device that is controlled using the high-speed clock is set. The method includes a step of correcting according to the phase difference.
- the position is adjusted according to the phase difference so that the position is adjusted to the actual reception position at the reference timing of the mobile station that is to be controlled using the high-speed clock.
- a correction is made to either advance or delay.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a timing control device in a mobile device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a phase difference and a frequency deviation correction included in a control unit illustrated in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a configuration of a relation table with a period calculation period.
- FIG. 3 shows a measurement operation of a phase difference between a reference timing of a mobile station and a reception timing from a base station performed by a control unit shown in FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an operation procedure at the time of intermittent reception by the timing control device illustrated in FIG. 1, and
- FIG. 5 is a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a timing control device in a mobile device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a phase difference and a frequency deviation correction included in a control unit illustrated in FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a timing control device in a mobile device.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an operation procedure at the time of intermittent reception by the timing control device shown in FIG. 4, and FIG.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a timing control device in a mobile device according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating an operation procedure at the time of intermittent reception by the timing control device shown in FIG.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a timing control device in a mobile device according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing movement performed by a control unit shown in FIG. FIG.
- FIG. 11 is a time chart for explaining the operation of measuring the phase difference between the reference timing of the mobile station and the reception timing from the base station and the operation of correcting the reference timing counter.
- FIG. 11 shows the timing control device shown in FIG. For explaining the operation procedure for intermittent reception by a user
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a timing control device in a conventional mobile device
- FIG. 13 is a timing chart showing an intermittent reception by the timing control device shown in FIG.
- FIG. 14 is a time chart for explaining the contents of the intermittent reception cycle.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a timing control device in a mobile device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a relation table between a phase difference and a frequency deviation correction cycle calculation cycle included in the control unit illustrated in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a time chart for explaining the operation of measuring the phase difference; I between the reference timing of the mobile station and the reception timing from the base station, which is performed by the control unit shown in FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart for explaining an operation procedure at the time of intermittent reception by the timing control device shown in FIG.
- FIG. 1 the same or corresponding parts as in the conventional example shown in FIG. 12 are denoted by the same reference numerals.
- a description will be given focusing on a portion relating to the first embodiment. This point is the same in the following embodiments.
- control unit 51 in place of the control unit 50 and the frequency deviation correction in place of the frequency deviation correction value calculation unit 33 in the configuration shown in FIG.
- a direct timing section 35 and a reference timing counter section 36 replacing the reference timing counter section 34 are provided.
- Receiving section 45 demodulates a received signal from a base station received by an antenna (not shown) in a receiving period 13 2 (see FIG. 14) according to reference clock 32 t, and obtains received data 45 t is output to the control unit 51.
- the reference timing counter section 36 includes a reference clock 3 2 in addition to the operation of the reference timing counter section 34 described above. The operation of outputting the count value 36 t of the reference timing counter performing the count operation in accordance with t and the low-speed clock 40 t to the control unit 51 is performed.
- the control unit 51 outputs the clock switching timing 50 t to the reference timing counter unit 36.
- the reception data 45 t from the reception unit 45 and the reference timing counter Based on the count value 36 t from the unit 36, the phase difference between the reference timing of the mobile station and the reception timing from the base station is measured, and the frequency deviation correction value corresponding to the measured phase difference ⁇ is calculated.
- the period 33r is obtained, and the obtained frequency deviation correction value calculation period 35r is output to the frequency deviation correction value calculator 35.
- the phase difference I measured here reflects the magnitude of the frequency fluctuation generated in the low-speed clock 40 t due to a temperature change or the like.
- the frequency deviation correction value calculation unit 35 obtains the frequency deviation correction value 33 t with the same affordability as that of the frequency deviation correction value calculation unit 33 described above. However, when the intermittent reception operation is repeated, Instead of performing the operation of calculating the deviation each time, the operation of calculating the deviation at intervals according to the frequency deviation correction value calculation cycle 35 t provided by the control unit 51 is performed. I have.
- control section 51 is provided with, for example, a relation table between the phase difference ⁇ and the frequency deviation correction value calculation cycle 35 r as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 2, in this relation table, a frequency deviation correction value calculation cycle 35 r to be output is set in relation to the phase difference; L and a predetermined threshold value.
- the control unit 51 can easily obtain the frequency deviation correction value calculation cycle 35 r corresponding to the measured phase difference ⁇ with reference to the relation table.
- the following is defined. (1) If the measured phase difference; L is greater than or equal to the preset threshold a (a ⁇ ), calculate the frequency deviation correction value 33 t every 64 frames of the intermittent reception cycle. Outputs the specified frequency deviation correction value calculation cycle 35 r. (2) If the phase difference ⁇ is greater than or equal to threshold b and smaller than threshold a (b ⁇ l ⁇ a), the frequency deviation correction value is calculated every 128 frames, which is twice the 64 frames of the intermittent reception cycle. Frequency deviation correction value calculation cycle for specifying calculation 3 5 Output r.
- the frequency deviation correction value is calculated every 256 frames, which is four times the 64 frames of the intermittent reception cycle. Outputs the frequency deviation correction value calculation cycle 35 r that specifies that (4) If the phase difference is equal to or greater than the threshold value d and smaller than the threshold value c (d ⁇ X ⁇ c), the frequency deviation correction value is calculated every 512 frames, which is eight times the 64 frames of the intermittent reception cycle. Outputs the frequency deviation correction value calculation cycle 35 r that specifies what to do.
- the frequency deviation correction value is calculated for each 1824 frame, which is 16 times the 64 frames of the intermittent reception cycle. Outputs the frequency deviation correction value calculation cycle 35 r that specifies that
- the frequency deviation correction value 33 t is calculated at various intervals larger than 64 frames. Note that in Fig. 2, the measured phase difference; L force S, and if it is larger than the predetermined threshold a, the frequency deviation correction value must be 3 for every 64 frames of the intermittent reception cycle.
- the frequency deviation correction value 33 t may be calculated for each intermittent reception cycle that is the shortest cycle.
- the original clock 10 t output from the TCXO 10 is 16.000 MHz.
- the reference clock 20 t (clock required by the timing control unit 30) output from the PLL 20 is 61.44 MHz.
- the high-speed clock 3 It output from the frequency divider 31 is 30.72 MHz.
- the reference clock 32 t output from the frequency divider 32 is 7.68 MHz.
- 40 t is 32.768 kHz.
- the reference timing counter 36 turns off the clock from the controller 51. 32 MHz to 32 MHz reference clock 32 to 32.
- the frequency deviation correction value calculator 35 calculates the deviation between the high-speed clock 31 t of 30.72 MHz and the low-speed clock 40 t of 32.768 kHz, and outputs the frequency deviation correction value 33 t to the reference timing counter 36. Output. At this time, when the intermittent reception operation is repeated, the frequency deviation correction calculation unit 35 does not perform the operation of calculating the deviation each time during the reception period, but performs the frequency deviation correction value calculation cycle provided by the control unit 51. The operation to calculate the deviation is performed at intervals according to 35 t.
- the reference timing counter section 36 takes into account the frequency deviation correction value 33 t during the sleep period (a) during intermittent reception.
- the reference timing counter that gives the reference timing of the mobile device is counted up using a low-speed computer with 8 kHz correction, and the end time of the sleep period is managed.
- the reference timing counter section 36 counts up the reference timing counter using the 7.68 MHz reference clock from the end to the end of the reception period (mouth).
- FIG. 3 shows count values “469”, “470” to “479”, which are counted up during the reception period (mouth).
- the count values “0.250” and “234.625J” at the end of the sleep period (a) are based on the fact that while the low-speed clock of 32.768 kHz oscillates one clock, the reference clock of 7.68 MHz is “234. This indicates that 375 clock oscillations occur.
- the reference timing counter unit 36 switches from a low-speed clock 40 t of 32.768 kHz to a reference clock 32 t of 7.68 MHz according to the clock switching timing 50 t, and counts during the reception period (mouth).
- the value 36 t is output to the control unit 51.
- the control unit 51 controls the reference timing clock during the reception period. It shows that the count value 36 t is received from the counter unit 36, and the timing of the count value “4 73” is assumed as the reception channel position.
- the receiving section 45 When the receiving section 45 shifts to the receiving period, the receiving section 45 starts demodulation of a received signal from the base station received via the antenna in accordance with the reference clock 32t, and receives the signal obtained by demodulating the received signal.
- the data 45t is output to the control unit 51.
- the control unit 51 determines the start position of the receiving channel including the polling information and the like transmitted from the base station by the count value received from the reference timing counter unit 36. Judge which timing of 36 t. FIG. 3 shows a case where the head position of the reception channel is determined to be the count value “4 7 7”. The control unit 51 assumes the timing of the count value “4 7 3” as the head position of the reception channel, so that the phase difference between the reference timing of the mobile station and the reception timing from the base station is “4”. Recognize that
- the count-up of the reference timing counter during the sleep period (a) is performed by a low-speed clock with a correction of 32.768 kHz.
- the receiving unit 45 performs a receiving operation in accordance with the reference clock 32 t of 7.68 MHz.
- the frequency deviation of the low-speed clock 40t may fluctuate due to a temperature change or the like beyond the frequency deviation correction value 33 t calculated in advance.
- the timing of switching from the dormant period (a) to the receiving period (mouth) and the start of the receiving period (mouth) stabilize the 7.68 MHz reference clock 32 t in response to the start of the receiving period (mouth). There is a deviation from the timing at which this occurs. This phase difference indicates the magnitude of the shift.
- control unit 51 determines the corresponding frequency deviation correction value calculation period 35 r with reference to the relation table shown in FIG. 2 and calculates the frequency deviation correction value. Output to part 3-5.
- the frequency deviation correction value calculator 35 calculates the frequency deviation of the low-speed clock 40 t of 32.768 kHz in the reception period (reception period during steady continuous reception or intermittent reception) by 30. The calculation is performed using the high-speed clock 31 t of 72 MHz, and the frequency deviation correction value 33 t obtained based on the calculation is output to the reference timing counter 36. Above The phase shift measurement is performed during the first intermittent reception period (that is, the reception period after the first sleep period).
- the frequency deviation correction value calculation unit 35 calculates the frequency deviation correction value for the second and subsequent reception periods according to the frequency deviation correction value calculation period 35 r. Will be done.
- the calculation of the frequency deviation correction value is performed, for example, every 64 frames of the intermittent reception cycle when the measured phase difference ⁇ is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold a.
- the phase difference is performed every 128 frames, which is twice the 64 frames of the intermittent reception cycle.
- the phase difference is performed every 256 frames, which is four times the 64 frames of the intermittent reception cycle.
- the reference timing counter unit 36 corrects the low-speed clock 40 t of 32.768 kHz using the frequency deviation correction value 33 t during the sleep period of the intermittent reception, and sets the reference timing counter. By counting up, the reference timing of the mobile station is counted. However, since the frequency deviation correction value 33 t is input in a cycle according to the frequency deviation correction value calculation period 35 r, this low-speed clock 40 t Is performed in a cycle according to the frequency deviation correction value calculation cycle 35r.
- FIG. 4 the same parts as those shown in FIG. 13 (conventional example) are denoted by the same reference numerals.
- processing of ST 11 to ST 13 is added in place of ST 104 shown in FIG.
- a description will be given focusing on a portion relating to the first embodiment.
- the control unit 51 calculates the difference between the position of the reception channel including the polling information and the like actually transmitted from the base station and the position of the reception channel assumed in advance.
- the phase difference ⁇ between the reference timing of the mobile station and the reception timing from the base station is measured.
- the frequency deviation correction value calculation cycle 35 r is obtained by referring to the relation table (FIG. 2) based on the measured phase difference ⁇ , and the frequency deviation correction is performed. Output to the value calculator 35.
- the frequency deviation correction value calculation unit 35 determines whether or not the frequency deviation correction value calculation cycle 35r input from the control unit 51 has expired. If it has expired, go to ST13.
- the frequency deviation correction value calculation section 3 5 force 32.768 A low-speed clock of 8 kHz, a pulse width equivalent to 8192 clocks of 40 t is generated, and this pulse width is Counting is performed with a high-speed clock 31 t of 0.72 MHz.
- the difference between the count value and the count number 7680000 when there is no deviation, the average frequency deviation correction value 33 t per low-speed clock, and the reference timing counter are obtained. Output to section 36. Then, proceed to ST105.
- the frequency deviation correction value calculation unit 35 performs the correction value calculation when the frequency deviation correction value calculation cycle 35 r input from the control unit 51 has not expired. Proceed to ST 105 without any action. During the period in which the intermittent reception operation is repeated, each process from ST101 to ST107 is repeated.
- the mobile station uses a high-precision high-speed mobile station to use during the reception period in which polling information addressed to its own station is transmitted from the base station during the intermittent reception period.
- the calculation of the deviation between the low-speed clock used in the sleep period during the intermittent reception period and the low-speed clock is performed in a cycle corresponding to the fluctuation in the frequency stability accuracy of the low-speed clock, so that temperature changes, etc.
- the calculation cycle is frequently performed, for example, every cycle of intermittent reception.
- the calculation cycle can be longer than the intermittent reception cycle. Therefore, when the fluctuation of the frequency stability accuracy is small, the frequency of calculating the frequency deviation of the low-speed clock can be reduced, and the power consumption for calculating the correction value can be reduced.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a timing control device in a mobile device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- Fig. 6 shows the timing controller shown in Fig. 5. Is a flowchart for explaining an operation procedure at the time of intermittent reception according to the first embodiment.
- the control unit 52 is based on the reception data 45 t from the reception unit 45 and the count value 36 t from the reference timing counter unit 36, similarly to the control unit 51 shown in FIG. Then, the phase difference ⁇ between the reference timing of the mobile station and the reception timing from the base station is measured. Further, in the second embodiment, when the measured phase difference; I exceeds a predetermined threshold value, the control unit 52 sends the frequency deviation correction value calculation start signal 37 r to the frequency deviation correction value calculation unit 3. Output to 7
- the frequency deviation correction value calculation unit 37 obtains the frequency deviation correction value 33 t in the same procedure as the frequency deviation correction value calculation unit 33 described above, but calculates the correction value from the control unit 52. It starts according to the frequency deviation correction value calculation opening signal 37r.
- the measurement of phase difference ⁇ is assumed to be performed during the reception period during the first intermittent reception (that is, during the reception period after the first sleep period).
- FIG. 6 parts that are the same as the processing shown in FIG. 13 (conventional example) are given the same reference numerals.
- FIG. 6 in the second embodiment, instead of the ST 1 0 4 shown in the first FIG. 3, here ⁇ processing of ST 2 1 ⁇ ST 2 3 is added, A description will be given mainly of a portion relating to the second embodiment.
- the control unit 52 controls the difference between the position of the reception channel, which includes the polling information and the like actually transmitted from the base station, and the position of the 'reception channel assumed in advance,
- the phase difference ⁇ between the reference timing of the mobile station and the reception timing from the base station is measured.
- the frequency deviation correction value calculation start signal 37r notifies the frequency deviation correction value calculation unit 37 that the calculation of the frequency deviation correction value is to be executed.
- the frequency deviation correction value calculation unit 37 determines whether or not the frequency deviation correction value calculation start signal 37r has been input from the control unit 52, that is, whether or not to calculate the frequency deviation correction value. . When the calculation execution is notified, the process proceeds to ST23.
- the frequency deviation correction value calculation section 37 In ST23, the frequency deviation correction value calculation section 37 generates a pulse width equivalent to 8192 clocks of 40 t of a 32.768 kHz low-speed clock, and counts this pulse width with a 31.72 MHz high-speed clock of 31 t. Next, an average frequency deviation correction value 33 t per one low-speed clock is calculated from the difference between the count value and the count number 7680000 when there is no deviation, and is output to the reference timing counter unit 36. Then, proceed to ST 105.
- frequency deviation correction value calculation unit 37 proceeds to ST105 without performing correction value calculation. During a period ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ in which the intermittent reception operation is repeated, each process from ST 101 to ST 107 is repeated.
- the mobile station uses a high-accuracy high-speed cutoff used by the base station during the intermittent reception period during the reception period in which the base station transmits polling information addressed to its own station.
- the deviation between the low-speed clock and the low-precision low-speed clock used during the sleep period during the intermittent reception period is calculated according to the fluctuation of the low-speed clock's frequency stability accuracy. Can be executed. Therefore, when the fluctuation of the frequency stability due to a temperature change is small, the calculation of the frequency deviation of the low-speed clock can be prevented from being executed, so that the power consumption for calculating the correction value can be reduced. .
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a timing control device in a mobile device according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating an operation procedure at the time of intermittent reception by the timing control device shown in FIG.
- a control unit 53 is provided in place of the control unit 52 in the configuration shown in FIG. The rest is the same as the configuration shown in FIG.
- the control unit 53 is based on the reception data 45 t from the reception unit 45 and the count value 36 t from the reference timing counter unit 36, similarly to the control unit 52 shown in FIG. Then, the phase difference between the reference timing of the mobile station and the reception timing from the base station is measured, and it is determined whether or not the measured phase difference exceeds a predetermined threshold.
- control unit 53 when the measured phase difference ⁇ is larger than a predetermined threshold, control unit 53 stores that the threshold has been exceeded. Then, when the measured phase difference exceeds a predetermined threshold value and the predetermined threshold number of times occurs consecutively, the frequency deviation correction value calculation unit 37 displays a frequency deviation correction value calculation start signal 37 r Is output to notify that the calculation of the frequency deviation correction value will be executed.
- the measurement of the phase difference; L is based on the assumption that the measurement is performed during the reception period during the first intermittent reception (that is, during the reception period after the first sleep period). I have.
- FIG. 8 the same parts as those shown in FIG. 13 (conventional example) are denoted by the same reference numerals.
- processing of ST31 to ST34 is added in place of ST104 shown in FIG.
- a description will be given focusing on a portion relating to the third embodiment.
- the control unit 53 controls the difference between the position of the reception channel including the polling information and the like actually transmitted from the base station and the position of the reception channel assumed in advance. Measure the phase difference between the reference timing of the mobile station and the reception timing from the base station. Next, it is determined whether or not the measured phase difference exceeds a predetermined threshold value m. If the measured phase difference is larger than the predetermined threshold value m, the fact that the threshold value has been exceeded is stored. In ST 32, it is determined whether or not the control unit 53 force phase difference has exceeded the threshold value m continuously for a predetermined threshold number of times n consecutive times. If the threshold value has been generated n times consecutively, a frequency deviation correction value calculation start signal 37r is output to the frequency deviation correction value calculation unit 37 to notify that the calculation of the frequency deviation correction value is to be executed.
- the frequency deviation correction value calculation unit 37 determines whether or not the force to which the frequency deviation correction value calculation start signal 37r has been input from the control unit 53, that is, whether or not to execute the calculation of the frequency deviation correction value. I do. When calculation execution is notified, the process proceeds to ST34.
- the frequency deviation correction value calculation unit 37 In ST 34, the frequency deviation correction value calculation unit 37 generates a pulse width equivalent to a 32.768 kHz low-speed clock 40 t of 8'192 clock, and counts this pulse width with a 30.72 MHz high-speed clock 31 t I do. Next, an average frequency deviation correction value 33 t per one low-speed clock is calculated from the difference between the count value and the count number 7680000 when there is no deviation, and is output to the reference timing counter unit 36. Then, proceed to ST 105.
- the mobile station uses the high-accuracy high-speed clock used during the reception period when the base station transmits the ringing information addressed to the own station or the like during the intermittent reception period.
- the deviation between the low-speed clock and the low-precision low-speed clock used during the sleep period in the intermittent reception period is calculated according to the fluctuation of the low-frequency clock's frequency stability accuracy. Calculations can only be performed from time to time. Therefore, when the fluctuation of the frequency stability due to temperature change is small, the calculation of the frequency deviation of the low-speed clock can be prevented from being executed, so that the power consumption for the correction value calculation can be reduced.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a timing control device in a mobile device according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a time chart for explaining the operation of measuring the phase difference between the reference timing of the mobile station and the reception timing from the base station and the operation of correcting the reference timing counter, which are performed by the control unit shown in FIG. is there.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart for explaining an operation procedure at the time of intermittent reception by the timing control device shown in FIG.
- a control section 54 replacing the control section 52 and a reference timing counter section replacing the reference timing counter section 36 3 and 8 are provided.
- the control unit 54 is based on the reception data 45 t from the reception unit 45 and the count value 36 t from the reference timing counter unit 38, similarly to the control unit 52 shown in FIG.
- the phase difference between the reference timing of the mobile station and the reception timing from the base station; I is measured, and when the measured phase difference; I exceeds a predetermined threshold value, the frequency deviation correction value calculation start signal 37 r Is output to the frequency deviation correction value calculation unit 37.
- the control section 54 outputs a count value control signal 54 t generated based on the measured phase difference; L to the reference timing counter section 38.
- the reference timing counter section 38 receives the clock switching timing 50 t from the control section 54 and sets the reference timing counter to the reference clock 32 t and the low speed in the same manner as the reference timing counter section 36 shown in FIG.
- the count value control signal 54 t is received from the control unit 54.
- a correction operation for advancing or delaying the count value of the reference timing counter counting up by the reference clock 32 t is performed.
- FIG. 10 shows a method for measuring the phase difference; I described in FIG. In the fourth embodiment, since the measured phase difference; I was “4”, the control unit 5 4 force
- the reference timing counter force in the reference timing counter unit 38 Judge that the count value has advanced by “4”, generate a count value control signal 54 t for making the count value “minus 4”, and output it to the reference timing counter section 38.
- the reference timing counter in the reference timing counter unit 38 during the reception period (mouth) corrects the count value from “4 7 7” to “4 7 3” by “4”. Is performed, and the counting operation by the reference clock 32 t is continued from the corrected count value “4 7 3”.
- FIG. 11 the same reference numerals are given to portions that are the same as the processes shown in FIG. 13 (conventional example).
- FIG. 11 in the fourth embodiment, instead of ST 104 shown in FIG. 13, processing of ST 41 to ST 45 is added.
- control section 54 sets a difference between a position of a reception channel including polling information and the like actually transmitted from a base station and a position of a reception channel assumed in advance.
- the phase difference ⁇ between the reference timing of the mobile station and the reception timing from the base station is measured, and it is determined whether or not the force exceeds a predetermined threshold value m.
- a frequency deviation correction direct calculation start signal 37 r is output to the frequency deviation correction value calculation unit 37 to notify that the calculation of the frequency deviation correction value is to be executed.
- control section 54 determines the phase difference between the reference timing of the mobile station and the reception timing from the base station; L force If the difference exceeds a predetermined threshold value m, the control section 54 determines the phase difference based on the phase difference.
- the reception timing from the base station is used as the reference timing of the mobile station. If it is determined that the control is to be performed, a count value control signal 54 t for instructing control to advance or delay the reference timing counter is output to the reference timing counter 38 based on the phase difference I. When the count value control signal 54 t is output, the process proceeds to ST43. If the count value control signal 54 t is not output, the process proceeds to ST 44.
- the reference timing counter section is controlled by the input count value. Control is performed by loading the count value into the reference timing counter based on the signal 54t. In the example shown in FIG. 10, since the reference timing of the mobile device has advanced by "4", the reference timing counter performs an operation of incrementing the count value by "1-4". Then, proceed to ST44.
- the frequency deviation correction value calculation unit 37 determines whether or not the frequency deviation correction value calculation start signal 37r has been input from the control unit 54, that is, whether or not the force for executing the calculation of the frequency deviation correction value is present. . When it is notified that the calculation is executed, the process proceeds to ST45.
- the frequency deviation correction value calculation unit 37 In ST45, the frequency deviation correction value calculation unit 37 generates a pulse width equivalent to 8192 clocks of a 32.768 kHz low-speed clock 40 t, and counts this pulse width with a 30.72 MHz high-speed clock 31 t. Next, from the difference between the count value and the count number 7680000 when there is no deviation, an average frequency deviation correction value 33 t per one low-speed clock is calculated and output to the reference timing counter unit 38. Then, proceed to ST 105.
- the mobile station uses a high-accuracy high-speed clock used during a reception period in which polling information addressed to its own station is transmitted from the base station during the intermittent reception period.
- the deviation between the low-speed clock and the low-accuracy low-speed clock used during the sleep period during the intermittent reception period is calculated in accordance with the fluctuation of the frequency stability of the low-speed clock. Calculations can only be performed when large. Therefore, when the fluctuation of the frequency stability due to a temperature change is small, the calculation of the frequency deviation of the low-speed cooker can be prevented from being executed, so that the power consumption for calculating the correction value can be reduced. it can.
- the reference timing position of the mobile device is corrected according to the fluctuation of the frequency stability accuracy of the low-speed clock. Control to advance or delay the reference timing position of the machine can be executed. Therefore, even at the time of intermittent reception, more accurate timing can be maintained.
- the reference timing position of the mobile device is corrected in the second embodiment.
- the correction value calculation cycle is determined in accordance with the degree of the correction.
- the reference timing position of the mobile device can be similarly corrected. Needless to say, the same effect can be obtained.
- the present invention it is possible to detect the magnitude of the fluctuation of the frequency stability accuracy of the low-speed clock required to follow the fluctuation of the deviation between the high-speed clock and the low-speed clock.
- the frequency deviation of the low-speed clock with respect to the high-speed clock can be determined and the interval of the capturing operation can be set according to the magnitude of the fluctuation of the frequency stability accuracy of the low-speed clock
- the reference timing of the mobile station at the time of intermittent reception can be counted using a low-speed clock based on the latest deviation calculation result while reducing the frequency of calculating the frequency deviation of the clock. Therefore, power consumption for correction calculation can be reduced.
- the deviation calculation is performed again, and the mobile station at the time of the intermittent reception using the low-speed clock based on the calculation result is calculated. Reference timing can be saved. If the fluctuation of the frequency stability accuracy of the low-speed clock does not exceed the threshold, the calculation of the frequency deviation of the low-speed clock is not performed, so that it is possible to reduce the power consumption used for the correction calculation. it can.
- the deviation calculation is performed again, and the low-speed clock based on the calculation result is used. Time of mobile device during intermittent reception be able to.
- the operation of calculating and correcting the deviation between the high-speed clock and the low-speed clock is performed. Since there is no power consumption, it is possible to reduce the power consumption for the correction calculation.
- the next invention it is possible to detect the magnitude of the fluctuation of the frequency stability accuracy of the low-speed clock required to follow the fluctuation of the deviation between the high-speed clock and the low-speed clock.
- the frequency deviation of the low-speed clock with respect to the high-speed clock can be determined and the interval of the operation for correcting can be set according to the magnitude of the fluctuation of the frequency stability accuracy of the low-speed clock.
- the reference timing of the mobile station at the time of intermittent reception can be counted using a low-speed cook based on the latest deviation calculation result while reducing the frequency of calculating the frequency deviation of the mobile cooker. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the power consumption for the correction calculation.
- the deviation calculation is performed again, and the movement during intermittent reception is performed using the low-speed clock based on the calculation result.
- the reference timing of the machine can be counted. Also, if the magnitude of the fluctuation of the frequency stability accuracy of the low-speed clock does not exceed the threshold, the calculation of the frequency deviation of the low-speed clock is not performed, so that the power consumption for the correction calculation is reduced. be able to.
- the deviation calculation is performed again, and the low-speed clock based on the calculation result is used.
- the reference timing of the mobile device at the time of intermittent reception can be emphasized.
- the operation of calculating and correcting the deviation between the high-speed clock and the low-speed clock is not performed. Since it is not performed, the power consumption for the correction calculation can be reduced. According to the next invention, it is possible to maintain more accurate timing while reducing power consumption consumed for correction calculation.
- the timing control device and the timing control method according to the present invention are suitable for use in a mobile communication system that communicates with a base station in a mobile communication system.
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- Synchronisation In Digital Transmission Systems (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10/478,293 US7024173B2 (en) | 2001-05-25 | 2002-03-15 | Timing control device and timing control method |
EP02705224A EP1392009B1 (en) | 2001-05-25 | 2002-03-15 | Timing control device and timing control method |
CN028143086A CN1529954B (zh) | 2001-05-25 | 2002-03-15 | 定时控制装置及定时控制方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2001156966A JP3689021B2 (ja) | 2001-05-25 | 2001-05-25 | タイミング制御装置及びタイミング制御方法 |
JP2001-156966 | 2001-05-25 |
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EP (1) | EP1392009B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3689021B2 (ja) |
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CN106075722B (zh) * | 2016-06-03 | 2018-10-16 | 苏州景昱医疗器械有限公司 | 植入式神经刺激装置的频率校正方法及校正系统 |
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CN1529954B (zh) | 2011-08-03 |
EP1392009B1 (en) | 2011-05-11 |
US7024173B2 (en) | 2006-04-04 |
EP1392009A1 (en) | 2004-02-25 |
EP1392009A4 (en) | 2009-08-26 |
CN1529954A (zh) | 2004-09-15 |
JP3689021B2 (ja) | 2005-08-31 |
JP2002353875A (ja) | 2002-12-06 |
US20040152438A1 (en) | 2004-08-05 |
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