WO2002016673A1 - Electrochemical treating method such as electroplating and electrochemical reaction device therefor - Google Patents
Electrochemical treating method such as electroplating and electrochemical reaction device therefor Download PDFInfo
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- WO2002016673A1 WO2002016673A1 PCT/JP2001/006525 JP0106525W WO0216673A1 WO 2002016673 A1 WO2002016673 A1 WO 2002016673A1 JP 0106525 W JP0106525 W JP 0106525W WO 0216673 A1 WO0216673 A1 WO 0216673A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H3/00—Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an electrolyte
- B23H3/08—Working media
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
- C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
- C23C18/1675—Process conditions
- C23C18/1685—Process conditions with supercritical condition, e.g. chemical fluid deposition
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/07—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing phosphates
- C23C22/08—Orthophosphates
- C23C22/18—Orthophosphates containing manganese cations
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/24—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing hexavalent chromium compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/73—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals characterised by the process
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/005—Apparatus specially adapted for electrolytic conversion coating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D13/00—Electrophoretic coating characterised by the process
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D17/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic coating
- C25D17/02—Tanks; Installations therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/003—Electroplating using gases, e.g. pressure influence
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/34—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F3/00—Electrolytic etching or polishing
Definitions
- the present invention is suitable for electrochemical treatment such as electric plating, and can perform each treatment step safely, rationally and promptly using a supercritical or subcritical substance such as carbon dioxide.
- Processing solution, etc. can be processed rationally and promptly, the amount of pickling solution and plating solution used is reduced, the amount of waste liquid generated from plating work is reduced, and environmental pollution is prevented. While improving the productivity and improving the reuse of the waste liquid, a sharp finish can be obtained by drastically improving the sticking of the plating solution.
- the bath tub required for each treatment is omitted and the size and weight are reduced, the equipment cost is reduced and the installation space is made compact.
- Solvent An electrochemical treatment method such as an electromechanical method and the like, which can suppress the electrolysis and improve the current efficiency, perform the electrochemical reaction rationally and efficiently, and obtain a dense and thin metal film, and its electrochemical reaction.
- an electric plating plays an important role in industrial applications such as decoration of products, corrosion protection, corrosion resistance and mackerel protection. Further, as a method of mass-producing a specific metal, electrolytic purification can be cited.
- Other examples of the application of an external electric field include cathodic treatment such as electrodeposition and electrophoretic coating, and the anodization treatment includes formation of an anodic oxide film of aluminum, electrolytic polishing, electrolytic processing, and electric treatment. Electrophoretic coating and the like. Further, examples to which no external electric field is applied include electroless plating and chemical conversion treatment.
- Surfactants play an important role as controlling the gas generated by the electrochemical reaction, as a draining agent, controlling the generation of spots, and assisting in drying.
- the waste liquid treatment is divided into three stages: decomposition of toxic substances contained in the waste liquid, separation and removal of harmful substances from the waste liquid, and treatment and disposal of the separated substances.
- decomposition of toxic substances contained in the waste liquid separation and removal of harmful substances from the waste liquid
- treatment and disposal of the separated substances treatment and disposal of the separated substances.
- separation of harmful substances from waste liquid many methods have been adopted in which chemicals are added to the waste liquid to convert the harmful substances into a solid state.
- the conventional electric plating process can be roughly divided into a pretreatment process, a plating process, and a post-treatment process.
- the pretreatment process involves degreasing and pickling, and these are usually carried out by holding a predetermined processing solution in a dedicated bath and heating it, and immersing the object in the processing solution for a predetermined time. I have.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-63891 discloses that supercritical carbon dioxide is supplied and brought into contact with a small volume chamber for accommodating an object to be cleaned, The PCB is heated or vibrated to dissolve and remove the PCB attached to the object to be cleaned.
- the conventional plating process requires multiple washings adjacent to the plating tank, and the main washing tank is constantly supplied with water. There are problems such as increased fees.
- the conventional electric plating since the adhesion of the plating is generally poor, the plating is hardly attached to the back surface or the concave portion of the processing target having a low current density. And the trouble of arranging the auxiliary pole in the relevant part, it is not possible to cope with the irregularity of the deformed workpiece.
- the conventional post-treatment process after washing, washing with water, washing with hot water and drying were performed, it took time and productivity was poor.
- the quality of the wastewater discharged from the Metzki factory is regulated by law.
- the washing wastewater is generally treated with detoxification by adding a specified chemical and then adjusted by PH adjustment. Heavy metals were removed as hydroxides, and the concentrated wastewater was treated by adding it to the washing wastewater little by little or separately, and the treated liquid was mixed into the thin washing wastewater for treatment.
- the applicant introduced a substance in a supercritical state, an electrolyte solution, and a surfactant into a reaction bath, and electroplated under these emulsion states. After plating, a supercritical substance was vaporized and discharged out of the bath to develop an electrochemical reaction method that enables cleaning of the reaction bath and electrodes without the need for a cleaning solution. It has already been proposed as Request No. 2000-253572.
- an electroless plating apparatus disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-226671 disposes a surface to be processed upward in a closed space and raises a pressure in the space to an atmospheric pressure or higher. By pulsating the pressure of the bracket, the hydrogen gas bubbles generated by the reduction reaction during the electroless copper plating are dissolved in the plating solution, and the separation from the surface to be treated is promoted.
- a main object of the present invention is to make the reaction highly reactive and efficient, and to generate less ⁇ > or no waste liquid such as an electrolyte solution or a washing solution, and to be environmentally friendly. It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel electrochemical reaction method and an electrochemical reaction device which do not require cleaning of electrodes and the like with a cleaning solution after the reaction.
- Another object of the present invention is, for example, an electromechanical treatment such as an electromechanical treatment which is suitable for electrochemical treatment such as an electric plating and which can perform each treatment step safely, rationally and promptly using a supercritical or subcritical substance. It is an object of the present invention to provide an electrochemical treatment method and its electrochemical reaction device. Still another object of the present invention is to treat a supercritical or subcritical substance after use of carbon dioxide or the like, a treatment solution, and the like rationally and promptly, and to suppress the use amount of a pickling solution and a plating solution. In addition to reducing the amount of waste liquid generated from plating operations, preventing environmental pollution and improving the work environment, improving productivity and enabling reuse of them It is an object of the present invention to provide a processing method and an electrochemical reaction device therefor.
- Another object of the present invention is to dramatically improve the coverage of the plating, obtain a beautiful finishing force J, and easily realize a fine and uniform plating on the back surface and the concave portion of the workpiece. And a method of electrochemically treating the electromechanical plating and the like, and an electrochemical reaction device thereof.
- Still another object of the present invention is to provide a method for electrochemically treating an electric plating and the like, and to reduce the size and weight of each bathtub required for the plating treatment, to reduce the equipment cost and to make the installation space compact. It is to provide a reactor.
- An object of the present invention is suitable for an electrochemical treatment such as an electric plating, for example, in which a reaction bath is pressurized to cause an electrochemical reaction, the electric decomposition of a solvent in an electrolytic solution is suppressed, and a current efficiency is improved.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an electrochemical treatment method such as an electric plating and the like and an electrochemical reaction apparatus capable of performing a chemical reaction rationally and efficiently and obtaining a dense and thin metal film. Disclosure of the invention
- the reaction is performed in a bath containing a substance in a supercritical state and an electrolyte solution.
- the supercritical state refers to a state where the temperature is higher than the critical point of the temperature, pressure, and entropy diagrams in the phase diagram and the pressure is lower than the critical point.
- the reaction bath is homogenized by a supercritical substance having a high diffusion constant, and ions are efficiently generated around the electrodes and the like. Good supply and increased reactivity.
- electrolyte solution since a small amount of electrolyte solution is required, the amount of waste liquid to be treated can be suppressed.
- the substance in a supercritical state, the electrolyte solution, and a surfactant are reacted in an emulsified reaction bath so that the substance in the supercritical state and the electrolyte solution are more uniformly dispersed.
- the reaction efficiency on the surface of the electrode or the like is improved.
- the substance in the supercritical state is made of carbon dioxide, methane trifluoride, ethane, propane, butane, benzene, methyl
- the substance in the supercritical state is shifted to a state below the critical point, and after the reaction is completed, the pressure in the supercritical state is rapidly vaporized or liquefied. A flow is generated in the system, and impurities on the surface of the electrode and the like are blown off for cleaning.
- the reaction in the reaction bath is performed by electroplating, electrolysis, formation of an anodic oxide film, electrolytic polishing, electrolytic processing, electrophoretic coating, electrolytic refining, chemical conversion treatment, and electroless plating.
- the industrial field to which the present invention can be applied is specified.
- an electrolytic bath (other plating baths, treatment liquids, etc.) contains a substance in a supercritical state, an electrolytic solution, and, if necessary, a surfactant. This allows the reaction to proceed efficiently.
- the present invention provides a reaction bath containing an electrolyte and an electrolyte solution in a supercritical state or a subcritical state, and electrolyzes the electrode material under the state, or the electrolyzed electrode material and / or the electrolyte solution.
- Is suitable for electrochemical treatment such as electroplating, for example, by using carbon dioxide in a supercritical or subcritical state. Can be performed safely, reasonably, and quickly.
- the present invention provides a method in which a reaction bath containing an electrolytic substance is formed in a supercritical state or a subcritical state, and the electrolytic substance is electrolyzed under the supercritical state and collected on the other electrode substance side.
- the method can be applied to electrolytic extraction and refining of metals, thereby improving productivity and obtaining a good finished state.
- a reaction bath containing an electrolytic substance is formed in a supercritical state or a subcritical state, and under such a state, the electrolytic substance is treated (e.g., deposited and adhered, so that no external electric field is required). It can be applied to electroless plating and chemical conversion treatment to improve its productivity and obtain a good finished state.
- the present invention provides an electrolysis of an electrode material, or the deposition and adhesion of the electrolyzed electrode material and / or an electrolyte contained in an electrolyte solution to the other electrode material, or the electrolysis of the electrolyte and the electrolysis of the other electrode material.
- the reaction bath is shifted from the supercritical state or subcritical state to a state below the critical point, the electrolyte solution and the supercritical or subcritical substance are returned to the two-layer state, and their discharge is performed.
- a rapid flow is formed in the system such as a reaction bath to promote the washing and drying of the object to be treated.
- a supercritical state substance or a subcritical state substance is introduced into the reaction bath, and the electrode substance is washed or an oxide film is removed. In this way, their processing is performed reasonably and quickly, and their drying is promoted.
- a supercritical substance or a subcritical substance is introduced into the reaction bath, and the electrode substance or the electrolytic substance collecting side is washed or dried. And that these processes are performed reasonably and quickly, and encourage their drying.
- the present invention provides a method for introducing a supercritical substance or a subcritical substance, an electrolytic substance, and a surfactant into the reaction bath during the electrolysis of the electrode substance. And uniformly and quickly and densely deposits and deposits electrode or electrolytic substances, for example, dramatically improving the sticking of the plating and obtaining a beautiful finish and Dense and uniform plating is easily realized even on the back surface and the concave portion of the substrate, and the productivity is improved.
- a supercritical substance or a subcritical substance, an oxide film removing solution, and a surfactant are introduced into the reaction bath before the electrolysis of the electrode substance or the electrolytic substance.
- a supercritical substance or a subcritical substance, an oxide film removing solution, and a surfactant are introduced into the reaction bath before the electrolysis of the electrode substance or the electrolytic substance.
- a storage tank that can communicate with the reaction bath is provided outside the reaction bath, and a supercritical substance or a subcritical substance, an electrolytic substance, or a cleaning or oxide film removing substance after use is stored in the storage tank. To control their emissions and to promote their recycling and rational and effective use.
- the present invention provides a method for regenerating a used supercritical substance or subcritical substance stored in a storage tank and refluxing the supercritical substance or subcritical substance to a reaction bath, or a used electrolytic substance or a cleaning or oxide film stored in the storage tank.
- the removed substances are regenerated and returned to the respective solution tanks, so that the used supercritical substances or subcritical substances, the used electrolyte substances or the cleaning or oxide film removing substances are effectively used.
- the deposition and deposition of the electrode material and the pretreatment process thereof, or the electrolysis and collection of the electrolytic material and the pretreatment process thereof are treated in a single reaction bath, and the bathtub for each treatment process is eliminated.
- the bathtub for each treatment process is eliminated.
- objects to be treated are transferred to each bathtub. Eliminate the complexity of moving and improve the work efficiency.
- the present invention provides at least two reaction baths capable of performing the deposition and deposition of the electrodes and the treatment steps before and after the electrolysis, and the electrolysis of the electrolytic solution and the treatment steps before and after the electrolysis solution.
- the successive processing steps can be sequentially executed, and the electrochemical reaction and processing such as electric plating can be performed rationally, and mass production can be achieved.
- the present invention provides the method according to claim 1, wherein after the predetermined treatment step in the reaction bath, the electrolytic solution or the cleaning or oxide film removing substance and the surfactant in the reaction bath on the preceding treatment step are supplied to the reaction bath on the subsequent treatment step.
- the present invention provides an electrode material comprising: electrolyzing an electrode material; or depositing and depositing the electrolyzed electrode material on the other electrode material, and then depositing and depositing a plurality of layers of electrode material on the other electrode material using the reaction bath. In this way, it is possible to continue the pretreatment and deposition of the electrode material of the next layer without removing the object to be treated from the reaction bath, thereby improving workability and productivity.
- the reaction bath is pressurized and electrochemically reacted under the pressurized state, thereby suppressing the electrolysis of the solvent of the electrolyte solution due to the electrochemical reaction and reducing the hydrogen gas and oxygen gas. Suppress the generation and promote the miniaturization of the bubbles and dissolution in the electrolyte solution to obtain a dense and thin metal film, improve the current efficiency, and perform the electrochemical reaction rationally and efficiently. .
- the above-mentioned electrochemical reaction is realized at a lower temperature and lower pressure than in the supercritical state, and energy saving and a reduction in the size and weight of the equipment or a reduction in operation costs are achieved.
- a safer and more stable electrochemical reaction can be obtained as compared with the case where a pressurized gas is introduced by introducing a pressurized liquid into the reaction bath and pressurizing the reaction bath.
- the present invention provides a method wherein a surfactant is added to the reaction bath and the mixture is stirred, and the pressurized liquid and the electrolyte solution are emulsified to cause an electrochemical reaction.
- the surfactant acts efficiently on the converted hydrogen gas and oxygen gas to quickly separate the gas from the surface to be treated and dissolve it quickly in the electrolyte solution.
- the present invention provides a method for introducing a pressurized liquid into a reaction bath before the electrochemical reaction in the reaction bath, and discharging the used pressurized liquid from the reaction bath before and after the electrochemical reaction. Cleaning and drying of the reaction bath, electrodes and the surface to be treated.
- the pressurized liquid is introduced into the reaction bath, and the electrode material is washed or the oxide film is removed before the electrochemical reaction in the reaction bath. Perform pretreatment with liquid to realize stable electrochemical reaction.
- the present invention provides a method wherein the pressurized liquid is introduced into the reaction bath after the electrochemical reaction in the reaction bath, and the electrode substance is washed or dried, so that the pressurized liquid is used. Post-processing can be performed to obtain the stability of the next electrochemical reaction.
- a storage tank which can communicate with the reaction bath is provided outside the reaction bath, and the used pressurized liquid and the electrolytic substance or the cleaning or oxide film removing substance are stored in the storage tank. In this way, their emission to the outside can be controlled, and their regeneration and rational and effective use can be achieved.
- the present invention provides a method for regenerating the used liquid stored in the storage tank and refluxing the liquid to the reaction bath, or regenerating the used electrolytic substance or the cleaning or oxide film removing substance stored in the storage tank to obtain each solution. By returning to the tank, effective use of the used pressurized liquid, cleaning liquid, oxide film removing substance, etc. will be promoted.
- FIG. 1 shows the reaction process according to the first embodiment of the present invention in (a), (b), (c).
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a reaction process according to a second embodiment of the present invention in the order of (a), (b), and (c).
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing a third embodiment of the present invention, in which a single reaction bath is used to carry out multiple steps of plating.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing the degreasing and cleaning process steps of the plating process in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing, in the order of (a), (b), and (c), an oxide film removal and workpiece activation treatment step of the plating treatment in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory view showing an acid solution discharging and cleaning step of the plating process in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is an explanatory view showing plating steps of plating processing in the third embodiment in the order of (a), (b), and (c).
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory view showing an electrolyte solution discharging and washing step of the plating process in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is an explanatory view showing the drying and washing steps of the plating process in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is an explanatory view showing a main part of a fourth embodiment of the present invention, in which each step of the plating process is independently performed using two reaction baths.
- FIG. 11 is an explanatory view showing a fifth embodiment of the present invention, in which a single reaction bath is used to carry out multiple plating processes.
- FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram showing the degreasing and washing process steps of the plating process in the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram showing, in the order of (a), (b), and (c), an oxide film removal and workpiece activation treatment step of the plating treatment in the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is an explanatory view showing an acid solution discharging and cleaning step of the plating process in the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is an explanatory view showing plating steps of plating processing in the fifth embodiment in the order of (a), (b), and (c).
- FIG. 16 is an explanatory view showing an electrolyte solution discharging and washing step of the plating process in the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 17 is an explanatory diagram showing the drying and washing steps of the plating process in the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 18 is a phase diagram showing an application range of the fifth embodiment to the plating process.
- FIG. 19 is a characteristic diagram showing the amount of plating deposited on the electrolyte solution when plating is performed using liquid carbon dioxide in the fifth embodiment, showing the amount of plating deposited using supercritical carbon dioxide. Compared to
- FIG. 20 is a characteristic diagram showing the current efficiency with respect to the amount of the electrolyte solution when the plating process is performed using liquid carbon dioxide in the fifth embodiment, and is compared with the current efficiency using supercritical carbon dioxide. ing.
- FIG. 21 is an explanatory view showing a main part of a sixth embodiment of the present invention, in which a plating process is performed using two reaction baths.
- FIG. 1 shows a reaction process by an electrochemical reaction method according to a first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. FIG. 2 (b) shows the state during the reaction
- FIG. 2 (c) shows the state after the reaction.
- the electrode 4 is installed in the reaction bath 6 and an external electric field 7 is applied. Therefore, the electric plating, the electrode, the formation of the anodic oxide film, the electropolishing electrolytic processing, the electrophoretic coating, the electrolytic It can be applied commonly to each method such as refining.
- the object to be treated (substrate to be treated) is immersed in place of the cathode and anode in the same manner as when an electric field is applied. Can be implemented.
- the reaction bath 6 contains an electrolyte solution 1 and a substance 2 below the critical point.
- 10 is a switch. From this state, the state shown in FIG. 1 (b), that is, the substance 2 below the critical point is shifted to the supercritical state, and the homogeneous state 3 is obtained, which is compatible with the electrolyte solution.
- a surfactant may be added to the bath to make it emulsified.
- the supercritical state is usually raised by increasing the pressure and temperature using a compressor, a heat exchanger, or the like.
- the surface of the electrode 4 is naturally degreased and washed due to the flow generated in the system in the process of raising the temperature and pressure to the supercritical state. Therefore, it is possible to omit the degreasing work of the electrode 4 which has been performed before the reaction step.
- Conventional degreasing work is performed using solvents such as trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, and trichloroethane.However, these solvents are highly toxic and may cause environmental pollution. there were.
- the solvent-based degreasing agent since the solvent-based degreasing agent is not required, an environment-conserving type system can be realized. Note that the above description does not prevent the electrode from being degreased and washed in advance as in the related art.
- the supercritical substance rapidly evaporates or liquefies, creating a system.
- a violent flow is generated, whereby impurities on the surface of the electrode 4 are blown off and cleaned.
- phase-separated electrolyte solution 1 and the reaction bath 6 can be recovered, and the electrolyte lost by the reaction can be appropriately supplemented to adjust the concentration and reused.
- the substance to be brought into the supercritical state is not particularly limited, and may be appropriately selected from conventionally known gases and liquid substances in consideration of the critical temperature and critical pressure inherent to the substance. Can be.
- carbon dioxide methane trifluoride (full-form chloroform), ethane, propane, butane, benzene, methyl ether, and chloroform.
- carbon dioxide is most preferable in terms of cost, safety, critical conditions and the like.
- the carbon dioxide has a critical temperature of 304.5K and a critical pressure of 7.387 MPa, and transitions to a supercritical state in a range of more than that.
- JP-A-5-132656, JP-A-8-231903, and JP-T-9-503158 disclose paints, enamels, lacquers, varnishes, adhesives, chemical agents, and release agents. It is disclosed that it is used as a component for protective oils, non-aqueous detergents, agricultural coatings and the like. None suggests the use as a bath 6 in an electrochemical reaction as in the present invention.
- the electrolyte solution one obtained by dissolving one or more metal salts, an organic electrolyte, an acid such as phosphoric acid, an alkali substance, or the like in a solvent is used.
- the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it is a polar solvent.
- Specific examples include water, alcohols such as ethanol and methanol, and ethylene glycol.
- examples thereof include cyclic carbonates such as propylene carbonate, linear carbonates such as dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, and getyl carbonate, and a mixed solvent thereof.
- the metal salt may be appropriately selected in consideration of the type of the metal, alloy, oxide or the like to be deposited.
- Metals that can be electrochemically deposited include Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Cr, Se, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Ag, Cd, ln, Sn, Sb, Te, Ru, Rh, Pd , Au, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, W, Po, Re, ⁇ s, lr, Pt and the like.
- organic electrolyte examples include anionic electrolytes such as polyacrylic acid and the like, and cationic electrolytes such as polyethylenimine.
- anionic electrolytes such as polyacrylic acid and the like
- cationic electrolytes such as polyethylenimine.
- the organic electrolyte is not limited to these.
- the electrolyte solution 1 may contain, in addition to the above substances, one or more substances for the purpose of stabilizing the solution. Specifically, substances that form complex salts with the ions of the deposited metal, unrelated salts for improving the conductivity of the electrolyte solution, stabilizers for the electrolyte solution, buffer materials for the electrolyte solution, substances that change the physical properties of the deposited metal, and cathodes Examples thereof include a substance that assists dissolution of the electrolyte, a substance that changes the properties of the electrolyte solution or the properties of the deposited metal, and a stabilizer of a mixed solution containing two or more metals.
- the main components of the electrolyte solution in the main electrochemical reaction methods are as follows, but are not limited thereto.
- Nickel sulfate, ammonium chloride, and boric acid nickel sulfate, nickel chloride, and boric acid, nickel sulfamate, nickel chloride, and Boric acid
- the charging ratio of the substance 2 and the electrolyte solution 1 to be in the supercritical state in the bath 6 as described above is not particularly limited, taking into consideration the concentration of the electrolyte solution 1, the reaction conditions, and the like. It can be set appropriately. However, if the amount of the electrolyte solution 1 is too small, the reaction becomes difficult to proceed. Therefore, it is preferable to include at least 0.01 wt% or more of the electrolyte solution 1 with respect to the substance 2 below the critical point.
- the bath 6 to be reacted can contain a surfactant in addition to the substance 2 and the electrolyte solution 1 which are brought into a supercritical state as described above.
- a surfactant for example, if carbon dioxide is selected as the substance to be brought into the supercritical state, carbon dioxide is non-polar and therefore incompatible with the electrolyte solution 1, so that when the substance is shifted to the supercritical state, Usually, phase separation occurs. Therefore, by adding a surfactant, the system is emulsified to make the system uniform and the reaction efficiency is improved.
- surfactant at least one or more of conventionally known anionic, nonionic, cationic, and zwitterionic surfactants can be appropriately selected and used.
- anionic surfactant examples include stone, alpha-olefin sulfonate, alkylbenzene sulfonate, alkyl sulfate, alkyl ether sulfate, vinyl ether sulfate, methyl taurate.
- sulfosuccinate ether sulfonate, sulfated oil, phosphate ester, perfluoroolefin sulfonate, perfume Fluoroalkylbenzene sulfonate, perfluoroalkyl sulfate ester, perfluoroalkyl ether sulfate, perfluorophenyl ether sulfate, perfluoromethyl taurate, sulfopa Examples include, but are not limited to, fluorosuccinates, perfluroyl ether sulfonates, and the like.
- Examples of the cation of the salt of the anionic anionic surfactant include sodium, potassium, calcium, petraethylammonium, triethylmethylammonium, getyldimethylammonium, tetramethylammonium and the like.
- the present invention is not limited thereto, and any cation that can be electrolyzed can be used.
- nonionic surfactant examples include C1-25 alkylphenols, C1-20 alkanols, polyalkylene glycols, alkylamides, C1-22 fatty acid esters, and C1-22 fatty acids.
- Examples of the cationic surfactant include lauryl trimethyl ammonium salt, stearyl trimethyl ammonium salt, lauryl dimethyl ethyl ammonium salt, dimethyl benzyl lauryl ammonium salt, and cetyl dimethyl base salt.
- Ammonium salt octadecyldimethylbenzylammonium salt, trimethylbenzylammonium salt, hexadecylpyridinium salt, laurylpyridinium salt, dodecylpicolinium salt, stearylamine acetate , Laurylamine acetate, octadecylamine acetate, monoalkylammonium chloride, dialkylammonium chloride, ethyleneoxide-added ammonium chloride, alkylbenzylammonium chloride, tetramethylammonium chloride , Trimethylphenylammonium chloride, tetrabutylammonium chloride, monoalkylammonium acetate, imidazolinium betaine, alanine, alkyl betaine, monoperfluoroalkyl ammonium chloride Iodide, difluoroalkylammonium chloride, perfluoroethyleneoxide-added ammonium chloride
- Examples of the zwitterionic surfactant include betaine, sulfobetaine, aminocarboxylic acid, etc., and sulfation or sulfonation of a condensation product of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide with an alkylamine or diamine. Power to be able to cite additional material etc. It is not limited to these.
- the amount of the surfactant to be used is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 0.0001 to 20 wt% based on the electrolyte solution (preferably, most preferably 0.000 "! To 10 wt%. .
- the reaction conditions in the state shown in FIG. 1 (b) can be appropriately set, except that the reaction is required to be performed in a supercritical state.
- the reaction is required to be performed in a supercritical state.
- the temperature at the critical point It is essential that the reaction be performed under conditions of 4.5K and a pressure of 7.387 MPa or more.
- the reaction temperature in the case of carbon dioxide is not particularly limited as long as it is 304.5 K or more, and is preferably 304.5 K-573.2K, most preferably 304.5 K-473.2K. Range.
- the reaction pressure is not particularly limited as long as it is 7.387 MPa or more, but is preferably in the range of 7.387 MPa to 40.387 MPa, and most preferably in the range of 7.4 MPa to 20.87 MPa.
- the reaction time varies depending on the thickness of the film to be deposited and the like, and is not particularly limited. The time from 0.001 second to several months is set appropriately as needed.
- the reaction bath 6 contains the electrolyte solution 1 and the substance 2 below the critical point in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
- the substance 2 below the critical point is transferred to the substance 5 in the supercritical state by increasing the pressure, for example, the phase is separated as shown in FIG. 2 (b).
- composition of each component in the bath 6 and the reaction conditions are the same as in the case of the first embodiment.
- the present invention will be described in detail based on various specific examples and comparative examples.
- the present invention is not limited to these, and within the scope described in the claims, the reaction such as the composition, concentration, current, etc., of the substance, the electrolyte solution, the surfactant, etc. to be in a supercritical state Conditions can be changed as appropriate.
- Electric plating was performed using a pure nickel plate for the anode and a brass plate for the Hull cell test for the cathode. A nickel watt bath was used as an electrolyte solution. The composition is shown below.
- carbon dioxide is used as a substance to be brought into a supercritical state
- the volume ratio of the electrolyte solution to carbon dioxide at normal pressure is 1 Z2
- the temperature is 50 ° C (323 K)
- the pressure is 15 MPa
- the current density is 2 AZdm.
- the reaction was performed for 0 minutes.
- Electric plating was performed using a pure nickel plate as the anode and a brass plate for Hull cell test as the cathode in the same manner as in Specific Example 1 above.
- a nickel watt bath was used as the electrolyte solution.
- the composition is as follows.
- reaction was performed at a temperature of 50 ° C. and a current density of 2AZdm for 10 minutes.
- Electric plating was performed using a pure copper plate for the anode and a brass plate for the Hull cell test for the cathode.
- a cyan copper bath was used as the electrolyte solution. The composition is shown below.
- carbon dioxide is used as the substance to be brought into the supercritical state, the volume ratio between the electrolyte solution and carbon dioxide at normal pressure is 12, the temperature is 50 ° C (323K), the pressure is 15MPa, and the current density is 5AZdm for 10 minutes.
- Electric plating was performed in the same manner as in Example 2 using a pure copper plate as the anode and a brass plate for the Hull cell test as the cathode.
- a cyan copper bath was used as an electrolyte solution.
- the composition is as follows.
- reaction was carried out at a temperature of 50 ° C. and a current density of 5 AZdm for 10 minutes.
- Electric plating was performed using a zinc plate for the anode and a brass plate for the Hull cell test for the cathode.
- a zinc zinc bath was used as an electrolyte solution. The composition is shown below.
- carbon dioxide is used as the substance to be brought into the supercritical state
- the volume ratio of the electrolyte solution to carbon dioxide at normal pressure is 1Z2
- the temperature is 50 ° C (323 ° C).
- the reaction was carried out at a pressure of 15 MPa and a current density of 5 AZdm for 10 minutes.
- the deposited thickness at the center of the obtained film was 13.1 ⁇ m. Compared with the conventional method, Comparative Example 3 (described later), both the deposition rate and the deposition efficiency were significantly improved.
- Electric plating was performed in the same manner as in Example 3 using a zinc plate for the anode and a brass plate for the Hull cell test for the cathode.
- a zinc zincate bath was used as the electrolyte solution.
- the composition is as follows.
- the reaction was performed at a temperature of 50 ° (at a current density of 5AZdm for 10 minutes.
- a zinc film was formed on the cathode surface with good throwing power, and the thickness of the resulting film at the central portion was 8.9; ⁇ .
- a copper plate was used for the anode, and a brass plate for the Hull cell test was used for the cathode, and power was applied.
- a copper sulfate bath was used for the electrolyte solution. The composition is shown below. . "Copper sulfate bath"
- carbon dioxide is used as a substance to be brought into a supercritical state, and the volume ratio of the electrolyte solution to carbon dioxide at normal pressure is 1 to 2 at a temperature of 50 ° C (323 K), a pressure of 15 MPa, and a current density of 20 AZdm.
- the reaction was performed for 0 minutes.
- the aluminum plate was used for the anode and the lead plate for the Hull cell test was used for the cathode, and anodization was performed.
- a sulfuric acid bath was used for the electrolyte solution. The composition is shown below.
- PEO-PBO polybutylene xylene-polyethylene oxide
- carbon dioxide is used as the substance to be brought into the supercritical state
- the volume ratio of the electrolyte solution to carbon dioxide at normal pressure is 1 to 2
- the temperature is 15 degrees (288 K)
- the pressure is 15 MPa
- the current density is 2 AZdm.
- the reaction was performed for 30 minutes.
- Electrolytic polishing was performed using a stainless steel plate for the anode and a carbon plate for the cathode.
- a sulfuric acid bath was used for the electrolyte solution. The composition is shown below. "Sulfuric acid bath"
- PEO—PB ⁇ polybutylene oxide polyethylene oxide block polymer
- Electrolytic processing was performed using a copper plate for the anode and a chrome plate with a thickness of 4 mm for the cathode.
- An aqueous sodium chloride solution was used as the electrolyte solution. The composition is shown below.
- the volume ratio between the electrolyte solution and carbon dioxide at normal pressure is 1Z2, and the reaction is performed for 20 minutes at a temperature of 50 ° C (323 K), a pressure of 15 MPa, and a current density of 100 Adm.
- the cathode surface was sufficiently etched, and the thickness at the center was reduced by 550 ⁇ m.
- Electrophoretic coating was performed using a SUS304 plate for the anode and an iron plate for the cathode.
- As an electrolyte solution Nippon Paint Power Top (trademark) U-30 system (pH 6.5) was used.
- carbon dioxide is used as a substance to be brought into a supercritical state
- the volume ratio of the electrolyte solution to carbon dioxide at normal pressure is 12, and the temperature is 50 degrees (323 K), the pressure is 15 MPa, and the current density is 20 AZdm.
- the reaction was performed for seconds.
- the central part deposition thickness of the obtained skin was 22 Aim.
- a pure copper plate was used for the anode, and a brass plate for Hull cell test was used for the cathode, and electrolysis was performed.
- a copper sulfate bath was used for the electrolyte solution. The composition is shown below.
- carbon dioxide is used as a substance to be brought into a supercritical state
- the volume ratio of the electrolyte solution to carbon dioxide at normal pressure is 12 and the temperature is 50 degrees (323 K), the pressure is 15 MPa, and the current density is 20 AZdm.
- the reaction was performed for 0 minutes.
- the material was iron and steel, which was subjected to a parkarizing chemical conversion treatment.
- the liquid composition is shown below.
- carbon dioxide was used as the substance to be brought into the supercritical state, and the reaction was carried out at a temperature of 100 ° C. (378 K) and a pressure of 15 MPa for 60 minutes at a volume ratio of the electrolyte solution to carbon dioxide of 12 at normal pressure.
- the material used was zinc-plated iron, and a chromate treatment, one of the chemical conversion treatments, was performed.
- the liquid composition is shown below.
- PEO-PBO polybutylene oxide poly (ethylene oxide) block polymer
- PEO-PBO polybutylene oxide polyethylene oxide
- 3 to 10 show a third embodiment in which the present invention is applied to an electric plating (nickel plating).
- reference numeral 6 denotes a stainless steel plating tank which is an electrochemical reaction bath, the inner surface of which is lined with vinyl chloride or hard rubber, and a lid (not shown) is hermetically sealed in the upper opening. It is detachably mounted.
- a DC power source 7, which is an external electric field, is provided outside the plating tank 6, and an anode 8 that is an electrode material that conducts to a positive electrode side thereof, and a cathode 9 that is an electrode material and an object to be treated that conducts to a negative electrode side thereof.
- it can be stored in the tank 6.
- reference numeral 10 denotes a switch inserted in the power supply circuit of the DC power supply 7, which is turned on at the time of an electrochemical reaction, that is, at the time of an electric switch (this is turned on so that the anode 8 and the cathode 9 can be energized.
- a stirrer such as a stirrer provided at the bottom makes it possible to stir carbon dioxide, which is a supercritical substance introduced into the plating tank 6, and an electrolyte solution or an acid solution containing a surfactant.
- Liquid storage tanks 25 to 27, which are a plurality of storage tanks, are provided for accommodating 24.
- each solution tank 16, 17, 19 return pipe 54-5 6 communicating is connected to, each solution 22 to 24 after use is separated from the surface active agent, or It is adjusted to a slightly higher concentration without separation, and after regeneration, it is refluxed to the solution tanks 14, 15, and 18.
- the gas container 13 communicates with the upper part of the plating tank 6 through a conduit 23, and the pipe 28 (the compression pump 29 and the valve 30 are interposed.
- the compression pump 29 compresses the carbon dioxide 7 at a predetermined pressure.
- carbon dioxide 12 is The pressure can be increased to 10. OMPa with a pressure of 7.38MPa or more.
- the subsequent processing can be performed by pressurizing the carbon dioxide 12 not only to the supercritical state but also to a subcritical state.
- the valve 25 is fixed at each processing step of the plating operation, that is, before each of the degreasing treatment, the removal of the oxide film, so-called pickling treatment, plating treatment, and drying, and at the time of the cleaning step of the cathode 9 performed between the respective steps.
- the valve is opened for a time, and supercritical carbon dioxide 12 can be introduced into the plating tank 6.
- a heating means 31 such as a heater is arranged downstream of the conduit 28, and is capable of heating the carbon dioxide 12 to a critical temperature of 31.1 ° C. or higher.
- Each of the tanks 16 to 18 communicates with the lower part of the plating tank 6 via conduits 32 to 34, and knobs 35 to 37 and a common liquid sending pump 38 are inserted into the pipes 32 to 34. .
- the valves 35 and 36 are opened for a certain period of time before the plating process, so that the electrolyte solutions 14 and 15 containing a predetermined surfactant can be introduced into the plating tank 6 via the liquid sending pump 38. ing.
- the valve 37 is opened for a certain period of time before pickling, so that an acid solution 18 containing a predetermined surfactant can be introduced into the plating tank 6 via a liquid sending pump 38.
- reference numerals 39 to 41 denote surfactants to be added to the electrolyte solutions 14, 15 and the acid solution 18 via a suitable pump (not shown) when the solutions 14, 15, 18 are supplied. It is possible to introduce.
- the gas storage tank 20 communicates with the upper part of the plating tank 6 via a conduit 42, and a valve 43 is inserted into the pipe 42.
- the valve 43 is opened for a certain period of time before each of the degreasing, pickling, plating, and drying processes and before cleaning the object 9 to be performed therebetween, and the carbon dioxide 20 after use is stored in the gas reservoir 21. It is possible to introduce.
- reference numeral 44 denotes a return pipe having one end connected to the gas reservoir 20 and the other end thereof. Is connected to the compression pump 29, and a column 45 capable of absorbing water and oil is inserted into the pipe 44.
- the carbon dioxide 20 is guided to a column 45 to regenerate the carbon dioxide 20 in an initial state, and this can be returned to the compressor 29.
- the liquid reservoirs 25 to 27 communicate with the lower part of the plating tank 6 via conduits 46 to 48, and valves 49 to 51 are interposed in the respective tubes 46 to 48.
- the valve 49 is opened for a predetermined time after the pickling of the cathode 9, so that the used pickling solution 22 can be introduced into the reservoir 25 together with the surfactant 41.
- the valves 50 and 51 are opened for a certain period of time after each plating process, so that the used electrolyte solutions 23 and 24 can be introduced into the liquid storage tanks 26 and 27 together with the surfactants 39 and 40.
- reference numeral 52 in the figure denotes a washing water tank interposed in parallel with the liquid sending pump 38 and the conduits 32 to 34, and after sending each solution 14, 15, 15, 18 to the plating tank 6, the pump 38 The inside can be washed.
- Numeral 53 denotes an entrainer made of an organic solvent such as alcohol, which is selectively introduced into a conduit 28 between the gas container 13 and the compressor 29 so as to be able to degrease gypsum.
- the electrochemical reaction device such as an electric plating configured in this manner is used for a multi-step of plating pretreatment, that is, each of degreasing, pickling, and washing, plating treatment, and plating posttreatment, that is, collection and drying of the object 9 to be processed. Is carried out in a single plating tank 6, so that the configuration is simpler, the installation space is more compact, and the equipment cost is lower than in the conventional plating method and equipment that require a dedicated bathtub for each treatment. I can do it.
- the apparatus of the present invention contains various discharges, carbon dioxide, and surfactants discharged from the degreasing, pickling, washing, and plating and drying operations.
- the pickling solution and the electrolyte solution are discharged to the gas reservoir 21 and the plurality of reservoirs 25 to 27 to avoid discharge to the outside and to treat them rationally, so that they are expensive and large as in the past. No wastewater treatment equipment is required.
- the apparatus of the present invention uses carbon dioxide having a critical point of relatively low temperature and low pressure as a supercritical substance, a supercritical state can be obtained easily and quickly with relatively small energy, and its use cost is reduced.
- the pressure resistance of the plating tank 1 can be reduced, and this can be manufactured at low cost.
- the electroplating process is performed on the negative electrode side of the plating tank 6, for example, after the surface is polished, in a state where the electrodes 8 and 9 are not energized. Attach the object 9 to be treated, close the lid (not shown), and seal the plating tank 6.
- the compression pump 29 is driven, the heating means 31 is operated to open the gas container 13, and the carbon dioxide 12 inside is guided to the compression pump 29, which is pressurized to a pressure higher than the critical pressure and further heated.
- the heating means 31 is operated to open the gas container 13, and the carbon dioxide 12 inside is guided to the compression pump 29, which is pressurized to a pressure higher than the critical pressure and further heated.
- This is introduced into the plating tank 6 through the opening of the valve 30.
- the supercritical carbon dioxide diffuses into the plating tank 6 at a high speed, and the carbon dioxide in the tank 6 also becomes a supercritical state, comes into contact with the object 9 and adheres to the object 9 and the anode 8. Cleans oils and fats, water, foreign matters, etc., which are generated, at high speed and efficiently.
- the object 9 is degreased and washed under a supercritical state. Therefore, compared to the conventional method of immersing the object in a degreasing solution, a harmful degreasing agent is used. In addition to improving the work environment, this can be done safely, quickly and easily, and the degreasing and cleaning is performed in the plating tank 6. Costs can be reduced.
- the valve 43 is opened, and the valve 30 is closed instead, and the driving of the compression pump 29 is stopped.
- the article 9 to be treated is pickled.
- the valve 37 is opened with the power supply stopped and the sealing tank 6 airtight, and the acid solution 18 in the acid solution tank 19 is sent to the solution sending pump 38, and at the same time, the acid is removed.
- a predetermined surfactant 41 is added to the solution 18 and these are fed into the plating tank 6.
- the acid solution 18 and the surfactant 41 form two layers in the plating tank 6 as shown in FIG. 5 (a).
- the compression pump 29 is driven, the heating means 31 is operated to open the gas container 13, and the carbon dioxide inside is guided to the compression pump 29, which is pressurized to a pressure higher than the critical pressure. Further, the carbon dioxide is further heated to a critical temperature or higher by the heating means 31 to generate supercritical carbon dioxide, which is introduced into the plating tank 6 by opening the valve 30.
- the supercritical carbon dioxide when introduced into the plating tank 6, it is rapidly diffused into the plating tank 6, and is rapidly mixed with the acid solution 18 and the surfactant 41 to be emulsified, and the fine particles are covered. It comes into contact with the surface of the object to be treated 9, removes ⁇ on the surface of the object to be treated 9, removes an oxide film and activates the surface.
- the oxide film of the object 9 is removed under the supercritical state, and therefore, the use of the acid solution is less than in the conventional pickling method in which the object is immersed in the acid solution. Volume, making it quicker and easier Since the pickling tank 6 is used for pickling, it is not necessary to use a dedicated pickling tank as in the past, and the equipment costs can be reduced accordingly.
- valve 49 when the acid solution 22 has been discharged, the valve 49 is closed, the valve 53 is opened instead, and the used carbon dioxide in the plating tank 6 is pushed out by the introduced carbon dioxide, This is guided to a conduit 42 and moved to the gas storage tank 20 for storage.
- the order of discharging the acid solution 17 and the carbon dioxide after use may be opposite to that described above, but both can be efficiently and precisely discharged as described above.
- valve 43 After discharging the used carbon dioxide, the valve 43 is closed, and high-pressure carbon dioxide 12 is introduced into the plating tank 6 for a predetermined time.
- the inside of the plating tank 6 is pressurized and heated, and a critical state of carbon dioxide is formed, and this supercritical carbon dioxide comes into contact with the article 9 to be treated, and the article 9 and the anode 8 Cleans and dries the water adhering to the surface quickly and efficiently.
- the compression pump 29 is stopped, the valve 30 is closed, the introduction of carbon dioxide is stopped, and the valve 43 is opened instead.
- the carbon dioxide is led to the conduit 42 and moved to the gas storage tank 20 for storage.
- valve 35 or 36 in this example, the valve 35 is opened, and the electrolyte solution 14 in the electrolyte solution tank 16 is sent out to the liquid sending pump 38, and at the same time, the solution 14 The surfactant 39 is added, and these are fed into the plating tank 6.
- the electrolyte solution 14 and the surfactant 39 form two layers in the plating tank 6 as shown in FIG. 7 (a).
- the compression pump 29 is driven, the heating means 31 is operated to open the gas container 13, and the carbon dioxide 12 inside is guided to the compression pump 29, and this is sent to a high pressure above the critical pressure. Then, the carbon dioxide is heated to a critical temperature or higher by the heating means 31 to generate supercritical carbon dioxide, which is introduced into the plating tank 6 via the valve 30.
- the supercritical carbon dioxide When the supercritical carbon dioxide is introduced into the plating tank 6 in this way, it is rapidly diffused into the plating tank 6 and rapidly mixed with the electrolyte solution 14 and the surfactant 39 to be emulsified, and the emulsion solution 14 The fine particles are diffused at a high density in the plating tank 6 and come into contact with the surface of the workpiece 9.
- stirrer 11 is actuated to stir the emulsion material to uniformly distribute the electrolytic nickel ions, and to make the electrolytic nickel ions adhere to the surface of the processing object 9 densely. This situation is as shown in Fig. 7 (b).
- the electrolytic nickel ions are electrolyzed, deposited and adhered in a supercritical state, the electrolytic nickel ions quickly diffuse in the plating tank 6 and are uniformly distributed at a high density to be treated. Attaches to front and back of object 9.
- the conventional method of electrolytically depositing and depositing the anode material in the electrolyte solution Compared with the plating method, a uniform and dense plating state can be obtained on the front and back surfaces of the object to be treated 9, in which so-called plating coverage is very good, and a good finishing surface can be obtained.
- productivity can be improved by eliminating the trouble of separating the surface and the back surface of the object 9 to be processed, and even if the object 9 has a complicated shape, It can be easily handled without requiring poles.
- the switch 10 is turned off, the stirrer 11 is stopped, and the valve 50 is opened. The pressure of the carbon dioxide is reduced, and the carbon dioxide shifts to a state below the critical point. While being vaporized or liquefied, the electrolyte solution 15 and the surfactant 39 recover a two-layer state. This situation is as shown in Fig. 7 (c).
- valve 50 is opened, and the used electrolyte solution 23 is pushed out together with the surfactant 39 into the plating tank 6, and this is introduced into the conduit 47 and the liquid storage tank 26 and stored therein.
- valve 50 is closed, and the valve 43 is opened instead, and the used carbon dioxide is pushed out from the plating tank 6, and the used carbon dioxide is guided from the conduit 42 to the gas storage tank 21 for storage.
- valve 43 After discharging the used carbon dioxide, the valve 43 is closed and the valve 30 is opened during that time to introduce high-pressure carbon dioxide 12 into the plating tank 6.
- the inside of the plating tank 6 is pressurized and heated, and a supercritical state of carbon dioxide is formed, and this supercritical carbon dioxide contacts the article 9 to be treated, and the article 9 and the anode 8 Cleans and dries the water adhering to the surface quickly and efficiently.
- the compression pump 29 is stopped, the valve 30 is closed, the introduction of carbon dioxide is stopped, the lid (not shown) of the plating tank 6 is opened, and the treatment When the object 9 is taken out, a series of plating operations is completed.
- an external valve is opened to guide the used carbon dioxide to the column 45 via the return pipe 44, and the column is used.
- the water and oils and fats in the carbon dioxide are absorbed, regenerated to the initial state, and returned to the compression pump 29 at appropriate times for reuse.
- the object 9 to be processed is taken out of the plating tank and moved to each tank to perform the pretreatment, thereby improving productivity.
- FIG. 10 shows a fourth embodiment of the present invention, and the same reference numerals are used for components corresponding to those in the third embodiment.
- Fig. 10 shows only the main parts of the embodiment.
- the supply and discharge of supercritical or subcritical carbon dioxide to and from each reaction bath 6, 6a, the configuration of the storage section, and the supply of various solutions The illustration of the structure of the discharge, discharge and storage parts is omitted, and the relevant parts are substantially the same as in FIG.
- reaction baths 6 and 6a are arranged in parallel in the embodiment, and these are connected to each other by conduits 57 and 58, and the conduits 57 and 58 are connected via valves 59 and 60.
- reaction baths 6 and 6a sequentially perform successive plating treatment steps, perform a predetermined treatment step in one reaction bath 6, and after the treatment, the electrolyte solution 14 used in the reaction bath 6 And the surfactant 39 etc. are moved to the reaction bath 6a, and the treatment of the reaction bath 6 is executed in the reaction bath 6a. Thereafter, the process is shifted by one step between the baths 6 and 6a, and a series of plating processes is sequentially performed. Makes the process executable.
- one reaction bath 6 is prepared for electric plating, and the electrolyte solution 14 is placed in the bath 6.
- the surfactant 39 was introduced, and in the other reaction bath 6a, the electrolyte solution 14 and the surfactant 39 introduced into the bath 6a were emulsified, and the switch 10 was turned ON under the supercritical state.
- nickel ions are precipitated and adhered to the surface of the workpiece 9.
- the electrolyte solution 14 and the surfactant 39 are emulsified in one of the reaction baths 6, and the switch 10 is turned on under the supercritical condition, and the nickel is turned on.
- the ions are deposited and adhered to the surface of the object 9 to be processed, and the processing of the reaction bath 6a is executed one step later.
- the method of depositing and adhering the electrolyzed electrode material to the other electrode material as in the above-described embodiment can be applied to the same electrode and anodic oxide film formation method in principle, and has the same effect as described above. Can be obtained.
- the present invention can be applied to an electrolysis method in which an electrolytic substance and an electrode substance are contained in a reaction bath, one of the electrode substances is electrolyzed, and the other is collected on the other electrode substance side.
- the present invention can be applied to, for example, electrolytic refining, electrolytic extraction, and electrolytic polishing of a metal, and the same effects as described above can be obtained.
- the present invention is also applied to an electroless plating method and a chemical conversion treatment method in which an object to be treated is accommodated in a reaction bath capable of accommodating an electrolytic substance, and an electrolytic substance contained in an electrolyte solution is deposited and adhered to the object to be treated, and an external electric field is not applied.
- the invention can be applied, and by doing so, the same effect as described above can be obtained.
- FIGS. 11 to 20 show a fifth embodiment of the present invention, in which the same reference numerals are used for components corresponding to those in the third and fourth embodiments. .
- the present invention is applied to an electric plating (nickel plating), and a gas container 13 installed outside the plating tank 6 is provided with a pressurized medium or a pressurized substance, for example, liquefied carbon dioxide 1
- a pressurized fluid such as 2 is filled to about 6 MPa.
- the pressurized substance or medium may be a liquid or a gas, but if the solvent for dissolving the electrolyte solutions 14 and 15 is water, it is harmless, safe and chemically stable carbon dioxide. Is preferred.
- the pressurized liquid of the present invention can include any liquid that is insoluble in the electrolyte solution.
- pressurized substances include gases such as nitrogen and argon, spindle oils and fats and oils not mixed with the electrolyte solutions 14 and 15, petroleum such as hexane, benzene, toluene, and halogens such as black form. Hydrocarbons can be used.
- the solvent is an organic electrolyte such as propylene carbonate, acetonilyl, polyethylene oxide, etc.
- the pressurized substance or the pressurized medium a mixture of plural kinds of liquids or gases can be used.
- a substance having a low liquefaction pressure the strength of the plating tank 6 can be reduced, which can be inexpensively used. Can be manufactured.
- the compression pump 29 is capable of pressurizing carbon dioxide 12 to a predetermined pressure, in the embodiment, 1 to 8 MPa which is higher than atmospheric pressure and lower than supercritical pressure.
- the carbon dioxide 12 is pressurized and liquefied before and after each processing step of plating work, i.e., before each of degreasing treatment, oxide film removal, so-called pickling treatment, plating treatment, and drying after plating treatment.
- a heating means 31 such as a heater is arranged on the downstream side of the conduit 28, and is capable of heating the pressurized liquid carbon dioxide 12 to 0 to 31 ° C. which is lower than its critical temperature during the plating process.
- the respective density ratios of the liquefied carbon dioxide 12 to the acid solution 18 and the electrolyte solutions 14 and 15 were set to 1: 5 to 5: 1 to equalize the emulsion state by the surfactant. I try to plan.
- the configuration is simpler and the installation space is more compact, and the equipment cost is lower than in the conventional plating method and equipment. Can be reduced.
- the apparatus of the present invention uses harmless, safe and chemically stable liquid carbon dioxide at a low temperature and low pressure as the pressurized liquid substance.
- the means of the means can be reduced.
- a general-purpose pressurizing pump 29 is used as a pressurizing means for the plating tank 6 and a large-scale pressurizing device with a built-in piston is not required, it is possible to reduce the size and weight of the equipment and reduce equipment costs. At the same time, energy costs can be reduced to reduce operating costs.
- the pressure resistance can be reduced compared with the supercritical state of the plating tank 6 in the low pressure part, and this can be manufactured at low cost.
- the gas container 13 is opened, the compression pump 29 is driven, and the liquefied carbon dioxide 12 in the gas container 13 is appropriately pressurized (1 to 8 MPa). And heated to introduce it into the plating tank 6.
- the stirrer 11 is actuated to stir the emulsion substance, thereby uniformly distributing the electrolytic nickel ions and causing the electrolytic nickel ions to adhere to the surface of the article 9 to be treated.
- the electrolytic nickel ions since the electrolysis, deposition and adhesion of the electrolytic nickel ions are performed in the plating tank 6 under pressure, the electrolytic nickel ions quickly diffuse in the plating tank 6 and are uniformly distributed, so that the electrolytic nickel ions are uniformly distributed. It adheres to the front and back surfaces of the processed material 9.
- hydrogen gas or oxygen gas is generated by the electrolytic decomposition of the electrolyte solution 18, that is, water, that is, the water is electrolyzed, and the air bubbles stay on the surface of the workpiece 9 to be processed.
- the surface of the processed object 9 may be moved by the agitation, which may cause chipping and uneven spots.
- the volume of the liquid changes from a small volume to a large volume in a gaseous state, but under the pressure of pressurizing the inside of the plating tank 6 with liquefied carbon dioxide as in the embodiment, The reaction shifts in the direction of smaller volume and suppresses the electrolysis. For this reason, generation of hydrogen gas and oxygen gas is suppressed, and these bubbles are covered.
- the gas and oxygen gas have high solubility in the electrolyte solution 14 under the above-described pressure, the amount of the gas and oxygen gas adhering to and remaining on the surface of the workpiece 9 is reduced. In addition, increase the prevention of chipping and uneven spots.
- the hydrogen gas or oxygen gas bubbles are compressed and miniaturized or crushed. Therefore, compared to the conventional plating method performed under atmospheric pressure, the surface of the workpiece 9 is more densely packed. In addition, a uniform and thin plating film can be obtained, and the plating liquid can penetrate into the details of the object 9 to be processed, thereby facilitating plating of the through hole.
- the same plating as before can be obtained even if the amount of plating metal / electrodeposited material used is reduced with respect to the plating object, and this is particularly advantageous for noble metal plating.
- the generated gas is miniaturized as described above, the surfactant works efficiently, and the generated gas adhering to the surface of the workpiece 9 is promptly peeled off to promote dissolution in the electrolyte solution 14. In combination with the above, chipping is prevented, and chipping is prevented.
- the present invention suppresses the electrolysis of water at the time of plating, thereby saving electric energy consumption by that amount, and can use this for plating and electrodeposition, thereby improving current efficiency.
- FIG. 18 shows the applicable range of the fifth embodiment, and Electric plating is performed in an emulsion state under a liquid phase at a lower temperature and lower pressure than the critical state.
- the supply and discharge of liquefied carbon dioxide as described above discharges various solutions after the pretreatment step and after use, and cleans and dries the plating tank 6, the workpiece 9 and the electrode 8. Has been realized.
- FIG. 19 Various characteristics of the electric plating according to the fifth embodiment are as shown in FIG. 19 and FIG.
- Fig. 19 shows the comparison between the amount of plating in the supercritical state and the amount of plating in the supercritical state when liquefied carbon dioxide is pressurized and electroplated. It is shown that. Also, since the current efficiency according to this embodiment is improved as described later, the plating is efficiently deposited. In this figure, the precipitation amount at 90% of the supercritical phase is set to 1.
- Fig. 20 shows the current efficiency of the electrolyte solution when pressurizing liquid carbon dioxide and applying electric power, compared with the current efficiency of supercritical carbon dioxide. It was confirmed that the method was superior to the electric plating method.
- valve 45 is opened, and the used electrolyte solution 18 is pushed out together with the surfactant 39 from the container 6, which is guided to the liquid reservoir 26 via the conduit 47 and stored therein.
- valve 50 is closed, and the valve 43 is opened instead.
- the used liquefied carbon dioxide is pushed out from the plating tank 6, and is led from the conduit 42 to the gas storage tank 21 to be stored. At this time, a flow is generated in the system when the carbon dioxide moves, and the anode 8 and the object 9 are washed.
- valve 43 After discharging the used carbon dioxide, the valve 43 is closed and the liquefied carbon dioxide 12 is introduced into the plating tank 6.
- FIG. 21 shows a sixth other embodiment of the present invention, wherein the same reference numerals are used for components corresponding to those of the above-described embodiment, particularly, the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 21 shows only the main parts of this embodiment, and shows the supply and discharge of pressurized liquid carbon dioxide to and from each reaction bath 6a, the configuration of the storage part, and the supply and discharge of various solutions.
- the illustration of the configuration of the storage part is omitted.
- reaction baths 6 and 6a are arranged in parallel, and these are connected by conduits 57 and 58, and valves 5 and 60 are connected to the conduits 57 and 58. I'm working.
- reaction baths 6 and 6a sequentially perform successive plating treatment steps, perform a predetermined treatment step in one reaction bath 6, and after the treatment, the electrolyte solution 14 used in the reaction bath 6 And the surfactant 39 etc. are moved to the reaction bath 6a, and the treatment of the reaction bath 6 is executed in the reaction bath 6a. Execute the process Making it possible.
- one reaction bath 6 is prepared for electric plating, and the electrolyte solution 14 is placed in the bath 6.
- the surfactant 39 was introduced, and in the other reaction bath 6a, the electrolyte solution 14 and the surfactant 39 introduced into the bath 6a were emulsified, and the switch 10 was turned ON under supercritical conditions, Nickel ions are deposited and adhered to the surface of the workpiece 9.
- the electrolyte solution 14 and the surfactant 39 are emulsified in one of the reaction baths 6, and the switch 10 is turned on under the supercritical state, and the nickel ion Is deposited and adhered to the surface of the article 9 to be treated, and the treatment of the reaction bath 6a is executed one step later.
- successive plating treatments are sequentially performed in the plurality of reaction baths 6, 6a, and at that time, the electrolyte solution 13, the pickling solution, the surfactant, etc. used in the preceding bath are used. Are transferred to the bathtub on the subsequent line to make effective use of them, and to perform a series of plating processes rationally and promptly.
- the method of depositing and adhering the electrolyzed electrode material to the other electrode material as in the above-described embodiment can be applied to the same electrode and anodic oxide film formation method in principle, and has the same effect as described above. Can be obtained.
- the present invention can be applied to an electrolysis method in which an electrolytic substance and an electrode substance are contained in a reaction bath, one of the electrode substances is electrolyzed, and the other is collected on the other electrode substance side.
- electrolytic refining of metal for example, electrolytic refining of metal, electrolytic extraction, electrolytic polishing, etc.
- the electrochemical treatment method of the present invention such as an electric plating and the like, and the electrochemical reaction device are provided with an electrode in a reaction bath to be reacted and an external electric field applied thereto.
- the present invention can be applied to various methods and apparatuses such as forming, electrolytic polishing, electrolytic processing, electrophoretic coating, and electrolytic refining. Also, the present invention can be applied to a case where an external electric field such as an electroless plating or a chemical conversion treatment is not applied.
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP01953331.4A EP1314799B1 (en) | 2000-08-24 | 2001-07-30 | Electrochemical treating method such as electroplating and electrochemical reaction device therefor |
JP2002522342A JP3841751B2 (ja) | 2001-07-30 | 2001-07-30 | 電気化学的処理方法およびその電気化学的反応装置 |
AU2001275795A AU2001275795A1 (en) | 2000-08-24 | 2001-07-30 | Electrochemical treating method such as electroplating and electrochemical reaction device therefor |
US10/070,516 US6793793B2 (en) | 2000-08-24 | 2001-07-30 | Electrochemical treating method such as electroplating and electrochemical reaction device therefor |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2000253572A JP3571627B2 (ja) | 2000-08-24 | 2000-08-24 | 電気化学的反応方法 |
JP2000-253572 | 2000-08-24 | ||
JP2000401301A JP3703132B2 (ja) | 2000-12-28 | 2000-12-28 | 電気メッキ等の電気化学的処理方法およびその電気化学的反応装置 |
JP2000-401301 | 2000-12-28 | ||
JP2001-137191 | 2001-05-08 | ||
JP2001137191A JP3613335B2 (ja) | 2001-05-08 | 2001-05-08 | 電気メッキ等の電気化学的処理方法およびその電気化学的反応装置 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2002016673A1 true WO2002016673A1 (en) | 2002-02-28 |
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PCT/JP2001/006525 WO2002016673A1 (en) | 2000-08-24 | 2001-07-30 | Electrochemical treating method such as electroplating and electrochemical reaction device therefor |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US6793793B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1314799B1 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2001275795A1 (ja) |
TW (1) | TW588119B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2002016673A1 (ja) |
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Cited By (12)
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US7323096B2 (en) | 2001-11-14 | 2008-01-29 | Hideo Yoshida | Method for treating the surface of object and apparatus thereof |
US7857952B2 (en) | 2001-11-14 | 2010-12-28 | Hideo Yoshida | Method for treating the surface of object and apparatus thereof |
WO2004081255A1 (ja) * | 2003-01-27 | 2004-09-23 | Tokyo Electron Limited | 半導体装置 |
WO2005078161A1 (ja) * | 2004-02-12 | 2005-08-25 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Co2存在下での電気めっき |
JP2005248192A (ja) * | 2004-03-01 | 2005-09-15 | Nariyuki Uemiya | 水素分離用薄膜の製造方法およびパラジウムめっき浴 |
JP4557570B2 (ja) * | 2004-03-01 | 2010-10-06 | 成之 上宮 | 水素分離用薄膜の製造方法 |
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JP2006265729A (ja) * | 2005-02-23 | 2006-10-05 | Daikin Ind Ltd | 多層膜構造体の製造方法、多層膜構造体及びめっき装置 |
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US8932440B2 (en) | 2010-09-24 | 2015-01-13 | Denso Corporation | Plating apparatus and plating method |
CN106801235A (zh) * | 2015-05-12 | 2017-06-06 | 江苏理工学院 | 降低加工成本的超临界复合电铸体系回收利用装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20030019756A1 (en) | 2003-01-30 |
TW588119B (en) | 2004-05-21 |
AU2001275795A1 (en) | 2002-03-04 |
EP1314799A4 (en) | 2007-03-07 |
EP1314799A1 (en) | 2003-05-28 |
EP1314799B1 (en) | 2013-10-16 |
US6793793B2 (en) | 2004-09-21 |
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