WO2005078161A1 - Co2存在下での電気めっき - Google Patents
Co2存在下での電気めっき Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005078161A1 WO2005078161A1 PCT/JP2005/002179 JP2005002179W WO2005078161A1 WO 2005078161 A1 WO2005078161 A1 WO 2005078161A1 JP 2005002179 W JP2005002179 W JP 2005002179W WO 2005078161 A1 WO2005078161 A1 WO 2005078161A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/003—Electroplating using gases, e.g. pressure influence
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an environmentally friendly technology using C02 as an alternative solvent. More specifically, the present invention relates to a technique for electrochemical reaction efficiency using C02 as a solvent and an electroplating technique using the same. Background art
- Patent Document 1 Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2.
- the present technology can be expected to be pinhole-less and easily attachable, and further, to increase the hardness of the plating film due to the small crystal grain size formed.
- This technology forms a higher quality plating film than existing electroplating.
- a polyoxyethylene block copolymer or a polyoxyethylene alkyl ether which is a hydrocarbon surfactant
- these surfactants have a low surfactant activity in the C02-water system. Therefore, surfactants are used in a large amount of 3-6 wt% with respect to the aqueous metal salt solution (hereinafter abbreviated as plating solution) (Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2). Therefore, in practical use, it is necessary to remove the surfactant and the plating solution attached to the plating film and to solve the problem of drying.
- the polyoxyethylene conjugate used here has high water solubility, it is considerably soluble in the plating solution. For this reason, after plating operation, C02 is fixed in the plating bath. Separation from the solution does not proceed easily, and furthermore, a large amount of air bubbles containing surfactant and plating solution are generated at the time of decompression in the subsequent process and enter the piping etc., causing piping clogging problems I do. The problem of pipe clogging leads to a large decrease in efficiency in throughput when the technology is put into practical use.
- these surfactants are required to have a chemical stability under electrochemical conditions in a plating bath.
- Patent Document 1 WO02 / 16673
- Patent Document 2 JP-A-10-36680
- Non-patent document 1 Yoshida et al., Monthly MATERIAL STAGE, Vol.1, No. 9, 2001, p. 70
- Non-patent document 2 Yoshida et al., Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol. 173, 2003, p. 285
- Non-patent document 3 Ohtake et al., Surface, 2002, 40 rolls, 353 pages
- Group power consisting of At least one selected from
- Group power consisting of At least one selected from
- the C02 affinity part (1) at least one homopolymer or binary or terpolymer selected from the group consisting of polyoxypropylene, polyoxybutylene and polyoxyethylene;
- Power group power Indicates at least one type to be selected.
- Power group power Indicates at least one type to be selected.
- Power group power Indicates at least one type to be selected.
- the thickness of the coating is 1 ⁇ m or less.
- the surface roughness of the coating is 10 mm or less.
- the term 1 in which a (C02-affinity moiety) -X- or X- (C02-affinity moiety) -X- is a nonone-based compound represented by 1) or 2) shown below: Method.
- -(OCF)- is-(OCF2CF2CF2) m- or-(OCF (CF3) CF2) m-, and-(OCF)
- m, n, o, p, and q are integers greater than or equal to 0, and m and n are not 0 at the same time.
- Rh is a hydrophilic moiety and is a straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon group which may contain a hetero atom in the molecule. 14. The method according to item 13, wherein Rh is a polyoxyalkylene group.
- Item 2 The method according to Item 1, wherein the non-one compound is used.
- Y is F or H
- X is the same or different, and represents a bonding group selected from the group consisting of COO, 0, S, CONH.NHCO, SO NH, and NHSO.
- ml is an integer of 3-20
- nl is an integer of 0-2, which may be the same or different.
- Y is F or H
- X is the same or different, and represents a bonding group selected from the group consisting of COO, 0, S, CONH.NHCO, SO NH, and NHSO.
- ml is the same or different and may be an integer of 3-20, and nl may be the same or different and is an integer of 0-2.
- Rh is a hydrophilic moiety and is a linear or branched hydrocarbon group which may contain a hetero atom in the molecule.
- C02 a good emulsifying ability between an aqueous solution of an electrolyte (eg, a metal salt) as a plating solution, a desorption / defoaming performance of gas bubbles generated during operation, and a liquid between the substrate plating solution and C02. of
- an electrolyte eg, a metal salt
- the electroplating reaction can be made more efficient and a very good metal film can be formed.
- the pre-treatment and post-treatment steps for plating can be simplified, and the throughput has been greatly improved.
- the nonionic compound of the present invention When the nonionic compound of the present invention is used, the aqueous solution of carbon dioxide metal after stirring is rapidly separated, so that the aqueous solution of metal and the foam of carbon dioxide enter the pipes, which has been a problem in the past. In addition, the problem that the metal salt is clogged inside can be reliably avoided.
- the nonionic compound of the present invention has a cleaning effect in supercritical diacid carbon, it is also effective in degreasing in a pre-plating process and in film cleaning after plating. For this reason, it can greatly contribute to the reduction of alkali and acid waste liquid in the previous step and metal waste liquid by washing in the subsequent step, which has been a major problem in the conventional plating process.
- FIG. 1 An apparatus used in an example of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph of the paint film obtained in Example 1.
- FIG. 3 A scanning electron micrograph of the plating film obtained in Example 2.
- FIG. 4 A scanning electron micrograph of the plating film obtained in Example 3.
- FIG. 5 is a scanning electron micrograph of the blackfish coating obtained in Example 4.
- FIG. 6 is a scanning electron micrograph of the sapphire coating film obtained in Example 5.
- FIG. 7 is a scanning electron micrograph of the black-coated film obtained in Example 6.
- FIG. 8 is a scanning electron micrograph of the silver coating film obtained in Example 7.
- FIG. 9 is a scanning electron microscopic photograph of the metal coating film obtained in Example 8.
- FIG. 10 is a scanning electron micrograph of the blackfish coating obtained in Example 9.
- FIG. 11 is a scanning electron micrograph of the black-coated film obtained in Example 10.
- FIG. 12 is a scanning electron micrograph of the black coating film obtained in Example 11.
- FIG. 13 is a scanning electron micrograph of the black coating film obtained in Example 12.
- FIG. 14 is a scanning electron micrograph of the blackfish coating film obtained in Example 13.
- FIG. 15 is a scanning electron micrograph (magnification: 500-fold) of the painted film obtained in Example 15.
- FIG. 16 SEM cross-sectional photograph (magnification: 30,000 times, 10000 times) of the plating film obtained in the reference example.
- FIG. 17 is a scanning electron micrograph of the blackfish coating film obtained in Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 18 is a scanning electron micrograph of the sapphire coating film obtained in Comparative Example 2.
- the electrochemical reaction in C02 is essentially immiscible.
- the C02-plating solution is emulsified (0 / W micelle) or turbid state only by stirring with a nonionic compound having a C02 affinity portion.
- a nonionic compound having a C02 affinity portion When it is formed and the stirring is stopped, it is desirable to separate the C02-plated liquid at an appropriate speed.
- the ability to quickly release and defoam gas bubbles such as hydrogen generated on the substrate during the plating operation is very important for the pinholelessness of the plating film.
- by controlling the wettability between the plating solution and C02, respectively, and the substrate it is possible to suppress the roughness of the plating film derived from micelles, which is a plating solution.
- the nonionic compound effective for the present technology has a high solubility in C02, thereby effectively dispersing C02 in a plating solution, turbidity or emulsification, and a nonionic compound on a substrate during a plating operation. It is thought that it has the function of easily releasing and defoaming the generated bubbles, and also has an appropriate wetting property between the plating solution and the substrate and C02.
- the expression of appropriate wettability which is an essential function, is a property derived from the above-mentioned nonionic compound, and among these, the selection of the optimum compound is based on the judgment of various parameter powers for the surfactant. It is possible to do.
- the non-on compound having a C02 affinity portion has a C02 affinity portion and a hydrophilic portion (a portion having low affinity for C02). In one embodiment, these two moieties may be linked via a linking group X.
- the copolymer is preferably a block copolymer, in which a random copolymer, a block copolymer and a graft copolymer are listed.
- the nonionic compound used in the present invention has at least a C02 affinity portion (Rf), and may be a compound having only the C02 affinity portion (Rf). ) And a hydrophilic moiety (Rh) via a linking group (X).
- the nonionic compound having a C02 affinity portion of the present invention comprises a C02 affinity portion (Rf) and a hydrophilic group (Rh) having an appropriate linking group (Rh).
- A linear or branched alkylene group
- the method of the present invention is a method for performing electroplating in the presence of an aqueous solution containing a metal salt and C02, wherein C02 exists in a liquid, subcritical or supercritical state, and has a C02 affinity portion.
- a non-one compound is further added to the coexistence system of the aqueous solution and C02.
- "addition of a non-on compound to the coexisting system of the aqueous solution and C02” means that C02 (first component), an aqueous solution containing a metal salt (second component), and a nonionic compound (second component). This means that electroplating is performed using a plating solution containing three components (3 components), and the order of addition of the 3 components does not matter.
- a non-ionic compound may be mixed with a plating solution containing an aqueous solution containing C02 and a metal salt to form a three-component plating solution.
- An aqueous solution containing the metal salt may be mixed with an aqueous solution containing the metal salt to form a three-component plating solution, and the non-ionic compound may be mixed in advance, and then C02 may be mixed to form a three-component plating solution.
- the C02 affinity portion (Rf) (1) at least one homopolymer or binary or ternary copolymer selected from the group consisting of polyoxypropylene, polyoxybutylene and polyoxyethylene (2)-a fluorinated alkyl group in which all or all of the hydrogen atoms have been substituted by fluorine; (3) a fluorinated polyether; and (4) a dialkylsiloxy group. At least one selected from the group consisting of: In particular, a C02 affinity portion is desirable, and is represented by the following structural formulas 1) -1).
- the hydrophilic portion (Rh) does not include a group having a charge in the molecule, and does not include a hydrocarbon group. And groups containing at least one of a (poly) ether group and a hydroxyl group (alcohol).
- Rh is a straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon group which may contain a hetero atom (for example, oxygen atom, nitrogen atom, sulfur atom) in the molecule.
- the Rh group is a polyoxyalkylene group.
- the polyoxyalkylene group include polyether groups such as polyoxypropylene, polyoxybutylene, and polyoxyethylene.
- those having an appropriately long chain also function as a parent C02-affinity group.
- a polyoxyalkylene group as a Rh group does not become a parent C02 group, but has a hydrophilic chain length (for example, when the Rf group is F- (CF (CF3) CF20) nCF (CF3)).
- Polyalkylene glycols having 1 to 15 repeating units) are preferred! /.
- nonionic compound having a C02 affinity portion (Rf) and a hydrophilic portion (Rh) include those having the following structures.
- Rf, Rh, and X are as defined above.
- A represents a linear or branched alkylene group which may be fluorinated.
- the compound effective in the present invention is a nonionic compound having a C02-affinity portion, and the balance between the C02-affinity portion (Rf) and the hydrophilic group (Rh) is required in order to create a highly functional plating film. is important. This balance can be represented by the carbon number of each group, and the following ratio is desirable.
- Rf Rh force S20: 1—1: 2 (especially 10: 1—1: 1 is desirable).
- Rf: Rh is preferably 20: 1-1: 1 (especially 5: 1-2: 1).
- each carbon number means the sum of two Rh or two Rf.
- a fluorinated compound has an excellent function in C02 as compared with a hydrocarbon-based compound. This has greatly contributed to the reduction. Furthermore, nonionic compounds having a C02 affinity moiety have low solubility in water, so their solubility in the plating solution is low, so the separation time of the plating solution C02 after plating can be shortened, and the nonionic compound having a C02 affinity moiety Has proved to be an effective additive compared to existing hydrocarbon surfactants.
- the nonionic compound having a C02 affinity portion exhibits an excellent function from the viewpoint of moderate hydrophilicity.
- the anion-based carboxylate salts they form an insoluble salt with the metal in the plating solution (aqueous metal solution) during use, making it impossible to form a good plating film and perform post-plating treatment.
- the anion-based sulfonic acid salts micelles did not disappear as quickly as the non-one-based compounds in the subsequent process (the plating solution was not sufficiently separated), and thus the piping containing the plating solution caused clogging of the piping.
- a cationic surfactant such as an ammonium salt, electricity flows, but a plating film was not formed, probably because the surfactant had absorbed to the cathode (see Comparative Example).
- the non-on compound having a C02 affinity moiety includes an ether or ester compound, an alcohol compound, a polyalkylsiloxane, a fluorinated hydrocarbon, or A fluorine-containing polymer compound is exemplified, and an ether-based or ester-based compound is more preferable.
- fluorine-containing compounds are superior, and the following compounds 1) to 6) are exemplified.
- Rh-X- (CH2) n- (CF2) m- (CH2) nX-Rh (Where ml is an integer from 3-20 and nl is an integer from 0-2, which may be the same or different. ⁇ , ⁇ and Rh are as defined above)
- ether-based or ester-based compounds exemplified by the above structural formulas include the following conjugates.
- C02-hydrophilic moiety-hydrophilic derived from the above-mentioned carbon number ratio It works effectively if the balance between the sex parts is satisfied. These can control the wettability between the substrate and the plating solution and C02 and the defoaming property of generated hydrogen most efficiently, so that a good plating film can be formed.
- polyalkylsiloxane which is one embodiment of the non-one compound, the following can be exemplified.
- R C1-C4 alkyl group
- Rh is as defined above
- fluorine-containing polymer which is one embodiment of the non-one compound include the following.
- the non-one compound having a C02 affinity portion used in the present invention is a commercially available product or can be easily produced by those skilled in the art by a known method.
- the amount of the nonionic compound having a C02 affinity moiety used in the present invention is about 0.001 to 10% by weight, preferably about 0.01 to 5% by weight, more preferably about 0.1 to 1% by weight based on the aqueous solution containing the metal salt.
- U which is desired to be about%.
- the high functionality of the non-one compound having a C02 affinity moiety allows it to function satisfactorily at a usage amount of about 0.1%, and is thus superior to hydrocarbon compounds in this respect.
- organic solvents can be added.
- alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol and pentanol
- ketones such as acetone
- esters such as acetonitrile and ethyl acetate
- ethers such as ethyl ether
- fluorocarbons methylene chloride
- halides especially those with low toxicity and low molecular weight are desirable.
- C02 used in the present invention is used in a liquid, subcritical, or supercritical state.
- stirring is required because of the two-phase system.
- magnetic stirring, mechanical stirring, and so on! And mixing by ultrasonic irradiation or the like.
- the specific rotation speed varies depending on the type of the non-on compound having the C02 affinity portion, the scale of the apparatus, and the stirring method, and therefore, it is necessary to optimize it in the actual operation.
- the surfactant of the present invention has a function of facilitating the mixing of the plating solution and C02, and a function of forming a favorable plating film by stably existing micelles formed at this time.
- the effect of the surfactant of the present invention is as follows. There are no particular restrictions on the order of addition into the apparatus, the method of mixing these components, or the type of stirring. In the examples described in this specification, the experiments were carried out by small-scale experimental methods! However, on the large scale, there were methods for mixing or stirring the components according to the scale. Therefore, an optimized surfactant introduction method should be devised in each case. Such an introduction method can be easily determined by those skilled in the art. However, no matter what method is used for plating by mixing C02-plating solution, the surfactant of the present invention has a better plating film than other hydrocarbon-based or ionic surfactants. To be given.
- the concept of the electroplating includes electrode reactions such as electrolytic oxidation and electrolytic reduction, electrochemical analysis, and passivation of corrosion of metals to "corrosion prevention”.
- the temperature of the electroplating reaction of the present invention is about 10 to 100 ° C.
- the pressure is about 0.1 to 30 MPa, preferably about 110 to 20 MPa, and more preferably about 5 to 15 MPa.
- the stirring is not magnetic stirring! /
- the force is 100 to 100000 rpm, preferably 400 to 100 rpm, and in the case of ultrasonic irradiation, 20 kHz to 10 MHz is exemplified. .
- an electrolyte particularly one type, is added to the aqueous phase! I dissolve an electrolyte containing multiple metals.
- Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, Cr, Sn, W, Fe, Ag, Cd, Ga, As, Cr, Se, Mn, In, Sb, Te, Ru, Rh, Pd, Au, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Po, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, etc. are exemplified.
- the electrolyte include water-soluble halides such as chlorides, bromides and iodides, and nitrates. , Sulfate, sulfamate, acetate and the like, cyanide, oxide, hydroxide, complex and the like.
- the defoaming time after stopping stirring when the additive for electroplating of the present invention is used is usually 10 minutes or less, preferably 5 Minutes or less.
- the plating film obtained by the present invention has the following features.
- the thickness of the coating is 1 m or less
- the surface roughness of the coating is 10 mm or less.
- the particle size of the metal particles of the plating film obtained by the present invention is smaller than that of supercritical C02 plating using a hydrocarbon-based surfactant as well as the existing plating. It is reported that the grain size of ordinary bright plating is 1 ⁇ m and that of existing supercritical plating is about 100 nm (Yoshida et al., Surface and Cortings Technology 2003, vol. 173, p. 285). On the other hand, according to the additive of the present invention, the size is about lOnm (see Reference Example). For this reason, the metal film obtained by the present invention can be expected to be very dense and wear-resistant. These are comparable to metal coatings that are conventionally produced with low productivity, require high energy, are chemically coated, or are dry. In spite of such poor productivity, this technology can provide metal materials that have been manufactured by a dry process very efficiently.
- plating can be performed in a state in which the interfacial tension of the supercritical fluid is low, it is possible to treat a base material surface having fine irregularities which cannot be coated with conventional electrolytic plating. Specifically, it has a sub-micron level pattern width and a high aspect ratio structure, which corresponds to the material field used in semiconductors and MEMS. More specifically, it is possible to plate irregularities having a pattern width of 1 ⁇ m or less and an aspect ratio of 3 or more with a constant thickness.
- wiring can be provided to the inside of the via trench structure of the semiconductor wafer.
- the plating film thickness can be controlled at a level of several lOnm by adjusting the ratio of the carbon dioxide to the plating solution, the pressure, and the current density. For this reason, it is a very effective technology that requires a metal film with a submicron thickness and a very low surface roughness, and a high corrosion resistance due to the absence of pinholes.
- these are a fuel cell member, an injection port portion of an ink jet printer, electronic materials such as a magnetic head, a member for an internal combustion engine, and a member for a compression pump.
- the surface roughness of the plating film can be measured by a scanning electron microscope photograph.
- the surface activity of the present invention is used. It is possible if an agent is used.
- the nonionic compound of the present invention has a cleaning effect in supercritical diacid carbon, it is also effective for degreasing in a pre-plating step and film cleaning after plating. Specifically, even if the substrate to be plated is not degreased and washed in advance, it is degreased and washed with a mixture containing the non-based compound and (supercritical, subcritical or liquid) C02, and then electrically plated. By performing the degreasing and plating simultaneously with a plating solution containing an aqueous solution containing the nonionic compound, (supercritical, subcritical or liquid) C02 and a metal salt, the high-quality plating of the present invention can be performed. It is possible to form a film.
- the plating film after plating remains on the surface to a sufficiently practical level without removing the plating solution using a large amount of water, so that the plating solution is removed. That is, it is possible to simultaneously perform the film formability by electroplating and the cleaning of the plating film.
- the plating film after plating may be post-treated by washing with a mixture containing the non-ionic compound and (supercritical, subcritical or liquid) C02. For this reason, it can greatly contribute to the reduction of alkali and acid wastewater in the previous process and metal wastewater by water washing in the subsequent process, which has been a major problem in the conventional plating process.
- FIG. 1 shows an apparatus used in the embodiment of the present invention.
- Nickel plating bath (Watts bath: 280 g / L nickel sulfate, 60 g / L nickel chloride, 50 g / L boric acid, appropriate amount of brightener) in a high-pressure vessel 8 having an inner volume of 50 cc, 20 cc, F (CF (CF3 ) CF20) 3
- CF3 COO (CH2CH20) 2CH3 0.3% by weight of CF (CF3) COO (CH2CH20) 2CH3 is added to the plating bath, a degreased brass plate is attached to the cathode, and a pure nickel plate (each having a surface area of 4cm2) is attached to the anode and sealed.
- C02 was filled up to lOMPa with the liquid feed pump 3 and pressure regulator 10.
- the C02-plating solution was stirred by rotating the rotor 6 at 500 rpm with a stirrer 5 and energized at 5 A / dm2 for 6 minutes to perform nickel plating.
- the pressure was reduced, the cathode plate was taken out, washed sufficiently, and the surface was observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Gain The scanning electron micrograph obtained is shown in FIG.
- Plating was performed in the same manner as in Example 1, except that H (CF2) 6COOCH2CH3 was used as the nonone-based compound having a C02 affinity portion.
- FIG. 3 shows the obtained scanning electron micrograph.
- Plating was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that F (CF2) 6 (CH2) 10H was used as the nonone-based compound having a C02 affinity portion.
- FIG. 4 shows the obtained scanning electron micrograph.
- Plating was performed in the same manner as in Example 1, except that F (CF2) 7COOCH2CH3 was used as the nonone-based compound having a C02 affinity portion.
- FIG. 5 shows the obtained scanning electron micrograph.
- Plating was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that F (CF (CF3) CF20) 4CF (CF3) COOCH3 was used as the nonionic compound having a C02 affinity portion.
- FIG. 6 shows the obtained scanning electron micrograph.
- Plating was performed in the same manner as in Example 1, except that F (CF2) 7COO (CH2) 5CH3 was used as the nonone-based compound having a C02 affinity portion.
- Plating was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that F (CF (CF3) CF20) 2CF (CF3) CH20H was used as the nonionic compound having a C02 affinity portion.
- FIG. 8 shows the obtained scanning electron micrograph.
- Plating was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that COOCH CH OCH was used.
- Got Fig. 9 shows a scanning electron micrograph.
- the CO plating solution is agitated by rotating the element 6 at 500 rpm, and a current is applied at 2 A / dm 2 for 2 minutes.
- Example 14 Plating was performed. After the energization was completed, the pressure was reduced and the cathode plate was taken out and washed sufficiently with water. A good gold-coated film can be obtained. The obtained scanning electron micrograph is shown in FIG. 14 (magnification: 500 times).
- Copper sulfate plating bath (copper sulfate pentahydrate 200g / L, sulfuric acid 50g / L, appropriate amount of hydrochloric acid) is placed in a high-pressure vessel 8 with an internal volume of 50cc. 20cc ⁇ F (CF (CF) CF O) CF (CF) COO (CH CH O) CH
- Example 15 The solution 22 was stirred and energized at 5 A / dm 2 for 5 minutes to perform copper plating. After the energization was completed, the pressure was reduced, and then the cathode plate was taken out and sufficiently washed with water. A good copper plating film can be obtained.
- Example 15
- Fig. 15 shows the obtained scanning electron micrograph.
- Example 2 Under the same conditions as in Example 1, an untreated brass plate was attached to the cathode, and a pure nickel plate (each having a surface area of 4 cm2) was attached to the anode, and nickel plating was performed. After completion of the energization, the pressure was reduced, the cathode plate was taken out, and the surface was visually observed and observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). A plating film almost equivalent to that of the example was obtained. As a result, it was found that the use of the compound of the present invention in a supercritical dioxygen carbon can simplify the pre-process and post-process of plating.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- Example 8 The SEM cross section of the plating film obtained in Example 8 was observed. The results are shown in FIG. 16 as SEM cross-sectional photographs of 10,000 ⁇ and 30,000 ⁇ . The grain system is 7-12 nm and the surface is It turns out that it is very flat. The deviation of the surface thickness is about lOnm. In addition, since the film thickness is 1 ⁇ , it is suggested that the thickness can be easily controlled to about 100 nm Comparative Example 1
- Plating was performed in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 3 wt% of 2 3 2 12 2 28 was used. In the subsequent process, clogging of the piping occurred due to the generation of air bubbles.
- FIG. 17 shows the obtained scanning electron micrograph. Although pinholes do not exist based on SEM observations, compared to using non-on compounds with a CO affinity part,
- the roughness of the surface particles is noticeable.
- FIG. 18 shows the obtained scanning electron micrograph. Comparative example 3 where large pinholes are observed
- Plating was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that CF (CF3) COO "NH + was used.
- Plating was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the compound shown in [1] was used. Electricity flows Plating was completed The bubbles of the plating solution emulsified at the time of decompression in the subsequent process overflowed the power of the equipment and also entered the piping.
- Example 1-16 Comparing the surface observation photographs of Example 1-16 and Comparative Example 1 (using a hydrocarbon-based surfactant), it is clear that the mounting surface of Example 1-16 has no pinholes and surface roughness. It is clear that a good plating film is formed with small surface roughness (SEM observation clearly shows that the surface roughness is smaller than when a hydrocarbon compound is used). In addition, there were problems with hydrocarbon surfactants, such as the labor required for post-processing even if plating was possible (Comparative Example 1).
- nonionic compounds with two-affinity moieties allows liquid, subcritical or supercritical CO
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Priority Applications (2)
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EP05710181A EP1722013A4 (en) | 2004-02-12 | 2005-02-14 | GALVANOPLASTY IN THE PRESENCE OF CO2 |
US10/589,263 US20070175763A1 (en) | 2004-02-12 | 2005-02-14 | Electroplating in presence of co2 |
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JP2004-035281 | 2004-02-12 | ||
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JP2004-349651 | 2004-12-02 | ||
JP2004349651A JP4673612B2 (ja) | 2004-02-12 | 2004-12-02 | Co2存在下での電気めっき |
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Cited By (2)
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JP2007063598A (ja) * | 2005-08-30 | 2007-03-15 | Tokyo Univ Of Agriculture & Technology | 多孔性金属薄膜およびその製造方法 |
US8147737B2 (en) | 2006-06-02 | 2012-04-03 | Hitachi Maxell, Ltd. | Storage container, method for molding resin, and method for forming plating film |
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JP5324191B2 (ja) | 2008-11-07 | 2013-10-23 | ルネサスエレクトロニクス株式会社 | 半導体装置 |
US20120245019A1 (en) * | 2011-03-23 | 2012-09-27 | Brookhaven Science Associates, Llc | Method and Electrochemical Cell for Synthesis of Electrocatalysts by Growing Metal Monolayers, or Bilayers and Treatment of Metal, Carbon, Oxide and Core-Shell Nanoparticles |
CN104141161B (zh) * | 2014-08-20 | 2016-08-17 | 江苏理工学院 | 基于移动阳极的超临界复合电镀加工钻头的方法 |
US10011918B2 (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2018-07-03 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Apparatus and process of electro-chemical plating |
Citations (1)
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WO2002016673A1 (en) * | 2000-08-24 | 2002-02-28 | Hideo Yoshida | Electrochemical treating method such as electroplating and electrochemical reaction device therefor |
-
2004
- 2004-12-02 JP JP2004349651A patent/JP4673612B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-02-14 EP EP05710181A patent/EP1722013A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-02-14 WO PCT/JP2005/002179 patent/WO2005078161A1/ja not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-02-14 KR KR1020067018505A patent/KR20070001174A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-02-14 US US10/589,263 patent/US20070175763A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002016673A1 (en) * | 2000-08-24 | 2002-02-28 | Hideo Yoshida | Electrochemical treating method such as electroplating and electrochemical reaction device therefor |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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See also references of EP1722013A4 * |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2007063598A (ja) * | 2005-08-30 | 2007-03-15 | Tokyo Univ Of Agriculture & Technology | 多孔性金属薄膜およびその製造方法 |
US8147737B2 (en) | 2006-06-02 | 2012-04-03 | Hitachi Maxell, Ltd. | Storage container, method for molding resin, and method for forming plating film |
US8360401B2 (en) | 2006-06-02 | 2013-01-29 | Hitachi Maxell, Ltd. | Storage container, method for molding resin, and method for forming plating film |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1722013A4 (en) | 2007-08-08 |
KR20070001174A (ko) | 2007-01-03 |
EP1722013A1 (en) | 2006-11-15 |
JP2005256162A (ja) | 2005-09-22 |
JP4673612B2 (ja) | 2011-04-20 |
US20070175763A1 (en) | 2007-08-02 |
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