WO2002012969A1 - Procede de controle de production - Google Patents
Procede de controle de production Download PDFInfo
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- WO2002012969A1 WO2002012969A1 PCT/JP2001/006724 JP0106724W WO0212969A1 WO 2002012969 A1 WO2002012969 A1 WO 2002012969A1 JP 0106724 W JP0106724 W JP 0106724W WO 0212969 A1 WO0212969 A1 WO 0212969A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- analysis
- intensity
- database
- standard
- deviation
- Prior art date
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- 238000000195 production control method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 56
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 35
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 41
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 40
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 9
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000538 analytical sample Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 6
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 4
- -1 moisture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004497 NIR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012850 discrimination method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005283 ground state Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003333 near-infrared imaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000611 regression analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/359—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light using near infrared light
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/3563—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing solids; Preparation of samples therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
- Y10T436/11—Automated chemical analysis
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a production control method for analyzing a sample by a near-infrared absorption analysis method (near-infrared spectroscopy method) and controlling the operation of the production process.
- a near-infrared absorption analysis method near-infrared spectroscopy method
- Near-infrared absorption analysis is a method for analyzing chemicals, foods, agricultural products, and the like. With this method, components and characteristics are analyzed, and operation control of the manufacturing process is performed. In the chemical industry, when controlling the production of chemical products, raw materials, solvents, moisture, intermediate products, products, by-products, etc. are analyzed by near-infrared analysis, and blunt control is performed based on the measured values. It has been proposed.
- the conventional near-infrared absorption analysis method measures a near-infrared absorption spectrum (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as a near-infrared spectrum) in a specific region, and combines a combination of absorbances at a specific wavelength included in the spectrum. From this, the target components, characteristics, etc.
- a typical example of using the near-infrared absorption method is to create a correlation equation (calibration curve) using the analysis results obtained by the conventional analysis method and the spectrum in the wavelength range that has a correlation by the near-infrared absorption method. Is used.
- This quantitative value is a predicted value obtained from the calibration curve.
- the shift of the spectrum occurs due to the effects of moisture, temperature (product temperature), and the like. This means that even if the components and physical properties of the measurement target do not fluctuate, they behave as if the component concentrations and physical properties have increased or decreased. Operating the plant with such incorrect results will result in the production of products that are out of specification.
- the characteristic of the near-infrared spectrum is that a specific property of a specific component and a specific absorption spectrum can be obtained under specific measurement conditions, but if characteristics or conditions such as concentration, particle size, temperature, etc. change, The height or position of the absorption peak may change, and a different spectrum may be obtained due to interference with the absorption peak of the coexisting component.
- This The near-infrared spectrum contains information on multiple components, as shown in Fig. 2.
- a calibration curve (correlation equation) is created from such a spectrum by a statistical method, and analysis is performed based on this calibration curve. Is performed.
- Calibration curves are prepared by collecting multiple standard samples with the specified composition and characteristics, performing general analysis and near-infrared analysis, and performing statistical analysis such as linear multiple regression analysis (MLR) and partial least squares (PLS).
- MLR linear multiple regression analysis
- PLS partial least squares
- the correlation equation is determined by the method.
- the NIR spectrum has many absorption peaks, but if too many explanatory variables (used wavelengths) are used, the calibration will become overfitting (overfitting) and the reliability will decrease.
- the explanatory variables are usually 2 to 5 for MLR and around 10 for PLS.
- the results obtained by using the analyzers and physical property measuring instruments currently used It is common to select a relevant near-infrared spectral wavelength, obtain a correlation equation, and obtain a predicted value of the near-infrared method.
- the near-infrared region is considered to be 800 to 2500 nm.1
- Select a wavelength of 2 to 5 or around 10 from such a wide range of wavelength region create a calibration curve, and obtain the predicted value.
- the present invention is the following manufacturing control method.
- the deviation (analysis deviation) of the absorption spectrum intensity (analysis intensity) of the analysis sample at the selected wavelength from the standard average intensity is determined.
- control data is obtained by comparing the wavelength that indicates the analysis deviation outside the range with manufacturing information stored in a database in advance.
- a manufacturing control method in which the obtained control data is input to a manufacturing process to control a product within a range of an allowable value.
- Deviation of the analytical intensity from the standard average intensity (1) The above (1) or (2) to judge whether the analytical intensity is within the allowable range determined based on the standard deviation of the standardized samples in the database the method of.
- the production process to be controlled in the present invention is a process for producing a chemical, food or other product.
- a process for producing chemicals such as polyolefin, polyester, and phenol is preferable.
- a sample obtained from a raw material, a solvent, moisture, an intermediate product, a product, a by-product, or the like is analyzed by near-infrared absorption to obtain measured values of the components, characteristics, and the like, and the sample is manufactured based on the measured values.
- an absorption spectrum in an analysis region including a near-infrared region is obtained from a plurality of standard samples obtained from a manufacturing process.
- a standard sample multiple absorption samples are obtained for each type of intermediate products and products obtained from the manufacturing process that are accepted.
- the types are classified according to differences in components, physical properties, and the like determined for each brand of production, and the production conditions also differ according to these differences.
- the analysis region is 800 to 2500 nm in the near-infrared region, but it may be a part of it, or it includes the visible light region and the Z or infrared region in addition to the near-infrared region. Moyo V ⁇ . When it includes the visible light region and the near infrared region, the wavelength can be set to 400 to 2500 nm.
- the near-infrared region contains information on sample components, physical properties, etc., while the visible light region contains information on color.
- the visible light region should be included. preferable. It is preferable to form the absorption spectrum by continuously measuring the absorption intensity in such an analysis region, but it is also possible to form the absorption spectrum by measuring the absorption intensity at a selected wavelength described below. Good.
- an average intensity (standard average intensity) and a standard deviation are calculated for the selected wavelengths selected from the absorption spectrum thus obtained and are made into a database. It is preferable that a plurality of wavelengths are selected at intervals, and it is particularly preferable that a plurality of wavelengths are selected at regular intervals.
- the interval between the selected wavelengths can be 1 O nm or less, preferably 2. nm or less.
- Such a selected wavelength is the whole area of the analysis area. It is preferable to select for a long time, but if there is an unnecessary part, that part can be omitted.
- the standard average intensity is obtained by preferably algebraically averaging the absorption spectrum intensities of a plurality of standard samples at each selected wavelength for each type, and the standard deviation is obtained by calculation from the deviation of each intensity from the standard average intensity.
- Such calculation of the standard average intensity and the standard deviation may be performed directly from the original spectrum obtained from the standard specification, but is preferably calculated from the spectrum that has been subjected to the differential processing, particularly the second-order differential processing.
- the baseline rises on the longer wavelength side due to the influence of moisture, etc., and the force displayed by overlapping multiple peaks
- the differentiated spectrum has a flattened baseline and horizontal direction Becomes In particular, the peak of the spectrum subjected to the second derivative processing is inverted, but the small peak is emphasized and a plurality of overlapping peaks are displayed separately, which is preferable.
- the average intensity and the standard deviation are obtained using such a differentiated spectrum, and these are input to a computer to make a database. Such a database is created for each type of standard sample.
- An analysis sample is a sample obtained from the manufacturing process.To analyze this analysis sample, in particular, to obtain an absorption spectrum for the analysis area in order to judge whether the analysis sample is a passing product, obtain this spectrum and database. Compare with In this case, a deviation (analysis deviation) of the absorption spectrum intensity (analysis intensity) of the analysis sample at the selected wavelength from the standard average intensity is determined. In this case, it is determined whether the analytical deviation is within the allowable range (for example, ⁇ , 2 ⁇ or 3 ⁇ ) determined based on the standard deviation ( ⁇ ) in the database. If so, it can be rejected. Only one analysis sample may be collected for analysis, or a plurality of samples may be collected for analysis.
- the average may be compared with the database individually, but the average intensity for the selected wavelength can be determined and compared with the standard average intensity. If the average spectrum and the standard deviation of the absorption spectrum obtained by differentiating the standard sample are obtained and compiled into a database, the absorption spectrum of the analysis sample is also subjected to the differential processing (including the second derivative processing). Compare the intensities of the spectra. As described above, the intensity of the absorption spectrum of the analysis sample is compared with the database, and the analysis deviation of the absorption spectrum in the evaluation region included in the analysis region is an allowable value, for example, 3 ⁇
- the evaluation area may be the same as the analysis area, or may be a part. For example, even when an absorption spectrum is obtained from the visible light region to the near-infrared region as the analysis region, the visible light region is not evaluated, and only the near-infrared region can be evaluated.
- the manner of evaluation in the evaluation area can be arbitrarily determined. For example, a single wavelength out of range may be rejected for a specific wavelength, or multiple samples may be measured and rejected if the out-of-range occurrence rate is greater than a specified percentage. Can be determined according to the purpose of the project.
- the determination as to whether the force is outside the in-range force range may be made by simply comparing the strength of the absorption spectrum with the permissible value alone, or by obtaining an equivalent numerical value such as a deviation value and comparing it with the database.
- the absorption peak of the absorption spectrum indicates information such as the composition and physical properties of the analytical sample
- the wavelength that indicates an intensity (analysis deviation) outside the range is used. It is possible to obtain control data by comparing it with manufacturing information stored in a database in advance, and to input the obtained control data to the manufacturing process so as to control the manufacturing process so as to obtain a product within an allowable range. For example, if a wavelength outside the allowed range is for a particular component, then the intensity at that wavelength is outside the allowed range indicating whether the component is more or less than the standard value.
- control data it is necessary to input control data to reduce or increase the amount of the component into the manufacturing process, and control the manufacturing process so that an absorption spectrum within the allowable range is obtained. it can.
- control data can be obtained so that the by-products are not generated, and the control data can be input to the manufacturing process. .
- the above-described manufacturing information is previously input to a computer as a database.
- the absorption peak of the near-infrared absorption spectrum indicates information on various manufacturing conditions such as composition and physical properties. Although the absorption spectrum displays various conditions in a complex manner, information on specific conditions, for example, specific components, is also displayed as a combination of a plurality of absorption peaks. If control data is stored in a database for the wavelengths of these absorption peaks, if an abnormal peak outside the allowable range is obtained for the analytical sample, comparing the wavelength of the abnormal peak with the database will indicate Judgment as to whether the condition is abnormal Wear. In this case, if the control data for returning to the normal state is input together with which manufacturing condition, the control data can be directly input to the manufacturing process and the manufacturing process can be returned to normal. '
- the average value and the standard deviation of the intensity of the selected wavelength of the near-infrared absorption spectrum of the standard sample are made into a database, and the absorption spectrum of the analysis sample is compared with the database.
- the analysis can be performed with high accuracy by a simple method without using a calibration curve.
- the production process can be accurately controlled by a simple operation based on the analysis results obtained as described above.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing a near-infrared absorption analysis method and a control method according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a near-infrared absorption spectrum of a standard sample in Example 1.
- FIG. 3 is a second derivative spectrum of the standard sample in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a second derivative spectrum of the analysis sample in the normal state of Example 1.
- FIG. 5 is a 27-differential spectrum of the analysis sample of Example 1 in the abnormal occurrence state.
- Figure 6 shows the second derivative spectrum of raw material A. .
- Figure 7 shows the second derivative spectrum of raw material B.
- Figure 8 shows the second derivative spectrum of raw material C.
- FIG. 9 is a second derivative spectrum of the analysis sample in the normal state in Example 2.
- FIG. 10 is a second derivative spectrum of the analysis sample in the abnormal occurrence state of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 11 shows the 27 derivative spectrum of the analytical sample in the normal state of Example 3.
- FIG. 12 is a second derivative spectrum of the analysis sample in the abnormal occurrence state of the third embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing a manufacturing control method according to the embodiment, wherein (A) shows a database creation step and (B) shows a control step.
- step 1 the near-infrared absorption analyzer is checked.
- step 2 a plurality of standard samples were measured, and the absorption spectrum of each standard sample in the analysis region from visible light to near infrared region was obtained.
- step 3 each spectrum was computerized.
- step 4 the computer performs data processing for each selected wavelength to determine the average intensity and standard deviation, and stores these in a database.
- This database is created by measuring multiple standard samples for each type of product brand, etc., and storing them as a database for each type.
- step 5 the manufacturing information corresponding to the selected wavelength is compiled into a database. As manufacturing information, information on changes in the spectrum due to changes in the near-infrared absorption spectrum characteristics of components and by-products, control data, and the like can be input.
- the near-infrared absorption analyzer is inspected. Then, in step 12, the absorption spectrum in the analysis region of the analysis sample collected from the manufacturing process is measured, and in step 13, it is compared with a database to determine a deviation from the standard average intensity (analysis deviation). Normal and out of range when the analytical deviation is within the range of the tolerance determined from the database standard deviation. Is determined to be abnormal when. In this case, the measurement may be performed for each analysis sample and compared with the database.However, multiple analysis samples are collected at the same time or at intervals from the manufacturing process and measured, and the measured values are averaged and compared with the database. Is also good.
- step 14 If it is determined in step 14 that it is normal, that is, if it is determined that the intensity of the absorption spectrum at a specific selected wavelength is within the allowable value stored in the database, for example, within the range of 3 ⁇ , the plant is determined as step 15 No action, that is, production is continued under the same conditions without any control operation.
- step 14 If it is determined in step 14 that the intensity is not normal, that is, if it is determined that the intensity at the selected wavelength of the absorption spectrum is outside the permissible value stored in the database, for example, 3 ⁇ , the abnormality is determined in step 16.
- the indicated wavelength is detected.
- step 17 the wavelength and the manufacturing information are compared to determine what the control element such as the component to which the wavelength belongs, the physical property, and the like. Further, it is determined whether the abnormal intensity is larger or smaller than the allowable value range.
- step 18 control data for returning to normal is obtained, and a control signal is generated. This control signal is input to the manufacturing process as step 19, and a plant action is performed as a control operation, and control is performed so that a product within an allowable value is obtained.
- control operation may be performed at once, may be performed many times in small increments, or may be performed continuously.
- the production may be continued under the same condition, or the condition may be returned to the original value, which is determined by the respective control data.
- the interval between the selected wavelengths can be 1011 m or less, preferably 2 nm or less.
- the near-infrared wavelength range is 800 ⁇ ! 2500 2500 nm, with 1700 explanatory variables in 1 nm increments, 850 explanatory variables in 2 nm increments, and 170 explanatory variables in l Onm increments.
- the wavelength range from 800 nm to 2500 nm is divided by 2 nm, there will be 850 selected wavelengths, that is, 850 explanatory variables.
- the absorption spectra of a plurality of standard samples at such a selected wavelength are averaged, the standard deviation is determined, and a database is created.
- the database of the standard sample is prepared as follows.
- the comparison of the average value of the measured values at each wavelength of the analytical sample obtained during the manufacturing process with the database is performed as follows.
- the atoms that make up the molecule are subject to subject stretching vibration, asymmetric stretching vibration, and deflection vibration.
- a part of the light is absorbed by the molecule and changes from a ground state to an excited state.
- the excited atoms overtones of absorption in the infrared region are observed in the near infrared region. Therefore, the near-infrared absorption wavelength has a chemical attribute, and the wavelength can be selected according to the target component.
- two-component samples are rare, and in most cases, many components are mixed or reacted or polymerized to change to another form.
- the wavelength range of the characteristic functional group of the raw material and the reaction product is calculated based on this. -Make it a database.
- An example of the wavelength region of the functional group is shown below.
- the spectrum of the product of the reaction system measured by a near-infrared spectrometer is differentiated to obtain 800 nil! Second derivative processing was performed in the wavelength region of 25002500 nm.
- the average spectrum is compared with the average spectrum in the database, and a predetermined standard deviation is compared with the database of functional groups for wavelengths and wavelength ranges outside plus minus.
- Raw materials, reaction products, etc. are specified, and the plant is controlled via a computer so that it is within a predetermined standard deviation.
- the spectrum absorbance obtained by the measurement of the near-infrared spectrometer fluctuates depending on conditions such as temperature and water flow rate. This means that using the obtained spectrum as it is means that the absorbance changes due to the base fluctuation (absorbance change), which greatly affects the measurement results. By minimizing the influence of the fluctuation of the baseline and differentiating this spectrum, a stable absorption spectrum intensity can be obtained.
- the sigma discrimination method is a method of discriminating whether a product under production is the same product as a brand previously manufactured as a genuine product, and if the product is the same product, converges to 3 ⁇ with a probability of 99.7% This is a statistical analysis method.
- a database of 20 to 30 differentiated samples of the near-infrared spectrum of each brand that was confirmed as a genuine product ⁇ Compare the tasks. In the wavelength range of 800 to 2500 nm, if the standard deviation ( ⁇ ) of the base standard spectrum is out of the range of 3 times the standard deviation ( ⁇ ), it is judged as abnormal.
- the above control is a near-infrared system consisting of a near-infrared meter, a near-infrared meter control computer, and a data analysis computer.
- the near-infrared spectrum measured at regular intervals is controlled by the control computer. Or directly into the computer for data analysis, performs differentiation, and displays the quantitative value and 3 ⁇ value simultaneously or either on the CRT.
- Example 1 Example 1
- Example 1 is an example of production control of a polyolefin resin.
- This production step is a step of producing a polyolefin resin by polymerizing an olefin monomer containing 4-methylpentene-11 in the presence of a catalyst.
- Figure 2 shows the near-infrared absorption spectrum of a standard sample consisting of products that were determined to be acceptable by the general analysis method.
- (A) is the original spectrum of the absorbance
- (B) is the second derivative of this. This is the second derivative spectrum.
- the baseline rises to the longer wavelength side and rises to the right, and multiple peaks are displayed overlapping.
- the second derivative spectrum (B) the baseline becomes flatter. It can be seen that the absorption peak is remarkably displayed.
- Figure 3 shows the fluctuation range of the second derivative spectrum obtained by measuring a plurality of (20 in the example) standard samples.
- Fig. 4 shows the data obtained by processing the second derivative spectrum obtained in Figs.
- FIG. 5 is an operation example showing an abnormal value, in which the second derivative spectrum is displayed for the analysis sample collected from the manufacturing process as in FIG. Many peaks in the spectrum from 850 nm to 2500 ⁇ m are out of the range of 3 ⁇ , indicating abnormal values.
- Figure 6 shows the second derivative of raw material B
- Figure 7 shows the second derivative of raw material B
- Figure 8 shows the second derivative of raw material (C).
- Vectors are databased as manufacturing information. Focusing on the wavelengths of 1726 nm and 23031m of the peaks deviating from 3 ⁇ in Fig. 5, when comparing with the manufacturing information database, the peaks of the component (B) in Fig. 7 agree with the peaks. The component (B) was found to be in excess. Then, by returning a control signal to reduce the component (B), the state returned to the normal state. When the peak outside 3 ⁇ was attributed to an impurity, it could be controlled by issuing a control signal to reduce the impurity.
- Example 2
- Example 2 is an example of production control of a polyester resin.
- polyester such as polyethylene terephthalate is produced through an esterification process in which a divalent carboxylic acid mainly composed of terephthalic acid is reacted with a divalent alcohol mainly composed of ethylene dalicol and a condensation process. It is a process.
- Figure 9 shows that the polyester resin was identified using a threshold value of 3 ⁇ based on the quadratic derivative of the near-infrared spectrum consisting of multiple products judged to be acceptable products by the general analysis method. This is an example, and shows an example of normal operation of the manufacturing process. There is no wavelength region outside the 3 ⁇ region in the near infrared region, and it can be judged that the product is equivalent to a passing product.
- Figure 10 shows that the polyester resin was identified with a threshold of 3 ⁇ based on the second-order differential spectrum of the near-infrared spectrum consisting of multiple products judged to be acceptable products by the general analysis method.
- This is an example, and is an operation example showing an abnormal value.
- a wavelength (230 nm) outside the 3 ⁇ region can be confirmed.
- the absorption at 230 nm is the characteristic absorption wavelength that affects hue.
- a driving operation was performed to change the supply amount of the stabilizer.
- the diethylene glycol component in the polyester has a characteristic absorption wavelength near 122 nm, and polycondensation occurs outside the ⁇ 3 ⁇ threshold. Normal operation was restored by changing the conditions and increasing or decreasing the amount of diethylene glycol (self-generated). In this case, it is necessary to perform an operation of adding polyethylene glycol monomer to change the polycondensation conditions when the number exceeds ⁇ 3.
- the IV value (Inherent Viscosity) has a characteristic absorption wavelength between 1710 ⁇ m and 1538 nm, and when it exceeds +3 ⁇ (IV value), the power to lower the level in the polymerization reactor ⁇ Heating gas It was necessary to perform an operation to reduce the flow rate of (inert) or to lower the temperature of the preheating phase of the solid-state polymerization. Conversely, when the temperature exceeded 13 ⁇ , the above operation had to be performed.
- Example 3 is an example of controlling the production process of phenols.
- cleavage step is a process in which phenols are produced by a cleavage reaction of hydroperoxide using an acid at a low concentration in an organic solvent.
- the control items here are the concentrations of residual hydroperoxide, sulfuric acid, moisture, phenol, hydroquinone, etc. These have correlations with the following characteristics. Residual hydroperoxide: reaction efficiency, safe
- Figure 11 shows the 3 ⁇ of the cleavage process product based on the spectrum obtained by secondarily differentiating the near-infrared spectrum consisting of multiple cleavage process products determined to be within the operation control range by the general analysis method. This is an example where it is determined as a threshold value, and shows a normal operation example. There is no wavelength region outside the 3 ⁇ region in the near infrared region, and it can be determined that the operation is normal.
- Figure 12 shows the product of the cleavage process based on the second derivative of the near-infrared spectrum consisting of the products of multiple cleavage processes determined to be outside the operation control range by the general analysis method.
- 3 ⁇ is determined as a threshold
- an example in which an abnormality has occurred is shown.
- a wavelength (1978 nm) outside the 3 ⁇ region can be confirmed.
- the absorption at 1978 nm is the characteristic absorption wavelength of hydroperoxide.
- analysis samples obtained from raw materials, solvents, moisture, intermediate products, products, by-products, etc. are analyzed by near-infrared absorption and their components, characteristics, etc.
- the manufacturing process is controlled to operate in a normal state.
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EP20010954449 EP1308800B1 (en) | 2000-08-07 | 2001-08-06 | Production control method |
DE60141586T DE60141586D1 (de) | 2000-08-07 | 2001-08-06 | Verfahren zur fertigungssteuerung |
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US (1) | US7191037B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1308800B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3613271B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100597016B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1241076C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE60141586D1 (ja) |
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WO2003100395A1 (en) * | 2002-05-20 | 2003-12-04 | General Electric Company | Method of measuring the concentration of hydroperoxides of alkylaromatic hydrocarbons |
JP2008014779A (ja) * | 2006-07-05 | 2008-01-24 | Ihi Corp | コンクリートの診断方法 |
CN101866428A (zh) * | 2010-07-13 | 2010-10-20 | 中国人民解放军总后勤部油料研究所 | 一种发动机燃料种类和牌号的快速识别方法 |
WO2015098277A1 (ja) * | 2013-12-27 | 2015-07-02 | アズビル株式会社 | 乾き度測定装置及び乾き度測定方法 |
JP2015232520A (ja) * | 2014-06-10 | 2015-12-24 | アズビル株式会社 | 乾き度測定装置 |
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- 2001-08-06 US US10/089,680 patent/US7191037B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-08-06 DE DE60141586T patent/DE60141586D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-08-06 TW TW90119124A patent/TW542909B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-08-06 CN CNB018022413A patent/CN1241076C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-08-06 JP JP2002517591A patent/JP3613271B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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WO2003100395A1 (en) * | 2002-05-20 | 2003-12-04 | General Electric Company | Method of measuring the concentration of hydroperoxides of alkylaromatic hydrocarbons |
JP2008014779A (ja) * | 2006-07-05 | 2008-01-24 | Ihi Corp | コンクリートの診断方法 |
CN101866428A (zh) * | 2010-07-13 | 2010-10-20 | 中国人民解放军总后勤部油料研究所 | 一种发动机燃料种类和牌号的快速识别方法 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
TW542909B (en) | 2003-07-21 |
US7191037B2 (en) | 2007-03-13 |
DE60141586D1 (de) | 2010-04-29 |
JP3613271B2 (ja) | 2005-01-26 |
US20030028355A1 (en) | 2003-02-06 |
EP1308800A1 (en) | 2003-05-07 |
KR20020038802A (ko) | 2002-05-23 |
KR100597016B1 (ko) | 2006-07-06 |
CN1241076C (zh) | 2006-02-08 |
EP1308800A4 (en) | 2006-05-03 |
CN1386218A (zh) | 2002-12-18 |
EP1308800B1 (en) | 2010-03-17 |
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