WO2000001015A1 - Dispositif semi-conducteur et son procede de fabrication - Google Patents
Dispositif semi-conducteur et son procede de fabrication Download PDFInfo
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- WO2000001015A1 WO2000001015A1 PCT/JP1999/003483 JP9903483W WO0001015A1 WO 2000001015 A1 WO2000001015 A1 WO 2000001015A1 JP 9903483 W JP9903483 W JP 9903483W WO 0001015 A1 WO0001015 A1 WO 0001015A1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/76—Unipolar devices, e.g. field effect transistors
- H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/76—Unipolar devices, e.g. field effect transistors
- H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
- H01L29/78—Field effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate
- H01L29/783—Field effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate comprising a gate to body connection, i.e. bulk dynamic threshold voltage MOSFET
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/70—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/77—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate
- H01L21/78—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices
- H01L21/82—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices to produce devices, e.g. integrated circuits, each consisting of a plurality of components
- H01L21/84—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices to produce devices, e.g. integrated circuits, each consisting of a plurality of components the substrate being other than a semiconductor body, e.g. being an insulating body
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66007—Multistep manufacturing processes
- H01L29/66075—Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials
- H01L29/66227—Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials the devices being controllable only by the electric current supplied or the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched, e.g. three-terminal devices
- H01L29/66409—Unipolar field-effect transistors
- H01L29/66477—Unipolar field-effect transistors with an insulated gate, i.e. MISFET
- H01L29/66568—Lateral single gate silicon transistors
- H01L29/66613—Lateral single gate silicon transistors with a gate recessing step, e.g. using local oxidation
- H01L29/66628—Lateral single gate silicon transistors with a gate recessing step, e.g. using local oxidation recessing the gate by forming single crystalline semiconductor material at the source or drain location
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66007—Multistep manufacturing processes
- H01L29/66075—Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials
- H01L29/66227—Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials the devices being controllable only by the electric current supplied or the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched, e.g. three-terminal devices
- H01L29/66409—Unipolar field-effect transistors
- H01L29/66477—Unipolar field-effect transistors with an insulated gate, i.e. MISFET
- H01L29/66742—Thin film unipolar transistors
- H01L29/66772—Monocristalline silicon transistors on insulating substrates, e.g. quartz substrates
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/76—Unipolar devices, e.g. field effect transistors
- H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
- H01L29/78—Field effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate
- H01L29/786—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film
- H01L29/78606—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film with supplementary region or layer in the thin film or in the insulated bulk substrate supporting it for controlling or increasing the safety of the device
- H01L29/78612—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film with supplementary region or layer in the thin film or in the insulated bulk substrate supporting it for controlling or increasing the safety of the device for preventing the kink- or the snapback effect, e.g. discharging the minority carriers of the channel region for preventing bipolar effect
- H01L29/78615—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film with supplementary region or layer in the thin film or in the insulated bulk substrate supporting it for controlling or increasing the safety of the device for preventing the kink- or the snapback effect, e.g. discharging the minority carriers of the channel region for preventing bipolar effect with a body contact
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/76—Unipolar devices, e.g. field effect transistors
- H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
- H01L29/78—Field effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate
- H01L29/786—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film
- H01L29/78606—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film with supplementary region or layer in the thin film or in the insulated bulk substrate supporting it for controlling or increasing the safety of the device
- H01L29/78618—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film with supplementary region or layer in the thin film or in the insulated bulk substrate supporting it for controlling or increasing the safety of the device characterised by the drain or the source properties, e.g. the doping structure, the composition, the sectional shape or the contact structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/76—Unipolar devices, e.g. field effect transistors
- H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
- H01L29/78—Field effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate
- H01L29/786—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film
- H01L29/78651—Silicon transistors
- H01L29/78654—Monocrystalline silicon transistors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a semiconductor device used for a switching element, and more particularly to a MIS type semiconductor device which can be driven at a low power supply voltage and has a dynamic threshold value and a method of manufacturing the same.
- the power consumption is proportional to the square of the power supply voltage. Therefore, reducing the power supply voltage is effective in realizing low power consumption of a CMOS LSI.
- the power supply voltage is reduced, the driving force of the transistor is reduced, so that an increase in circuit delay time becomes a problem. This problem is exacerbated as the power supply voltage is reduced.
- the delay time increases significantly.
- One way to improve this is to reduce the threshold voltage, but this increases the leakage current when the gate is turned off. There was a problem that the lower limit was specified.
- a transistor with a low power supply voltage a dynamic threshold operation transistor that realizes high driving power at a low voltage by lowering the effective threshold voltage when the transistor is turned on.
- DTM0S Dynamic Threshol d Voltage M0SFET
- the structure of a conventional dynamic threshold voltage transistor is shown. 34.
- Fig. 34 is a diagram of a dynamic threshold voltage transistor using a SII substrate disclosed in USP 5559368 and JP-A-6-85262. Show the case of However, a PM ⁇ S configuration is possible by reversing the polarity.
- FIG. 34A is a cross-sectional view of a dynamic threshold voltage transistor using a conventional SII substrate
- FIG. 34B is a top view of a dynamic threshold voltage transistor.
- C shows a cross-sectional view of the contact portion between the gate and the body.
- Symbol 100 0 0 is a silicon substrate
- symbol 100 1 is a buried oxide film
- symbol 100 2 is a source
- symbol 100 3 is a p-type silicon layer
- symbol 100 4 is a drain
- symbol 1005 is a gate insulating film
- 1006 is a gate electrode
- 1007 is a P-type diffusion layer
- 1008 is a metal wiring.
- the SOI substrate is used, and the oversized metal wiring is used to form the p-type silicon layer and local wiring through the gate electrode and the p-type diffusion layer using the oversized metal wiring.
- Short circuit When a gate bias is applied in a structure in which the gate electrode 106 and the p-type silicon layer 1003 are short-circuited as described above, a forward bias having the same magnitude as the gate bias is applied to the active region. You.
- the voltage applied to the gate in order to suppress the standby current is limited to 0.6 V or less, which is near the voltage at which the lateral parasitic bipolar transistor turns on.
- the threshold voltage is lowered by forward biasing the substrate as the gate bias increases.
- the leakage current when the substrate bias is off (when the gate is off) is equivalent to that of a normal SOI transistor in the same channel state.
- the thickness of the body (P-type silicon layer in the channel region) is very thin (50 nm to 200 nm), and the body is very high. It becomes resistance. Therefore, even if the gate and body are short-circuited through the contact, the potential force is less likely to be transmitted to the body as the distance from the contact increases, the CR time constant increases, and when considering transient operation (Dynamic Threshold Metal Oxide-Silicon FET) The effect as a DTMOSFET (hereinafter referred to as DTMOS) is suppressed, and high-speed operation becomes impossible.
- DTMOS DTMOSFET
- the thickness of the source / drain region is extremely small, and the resistance becomes high.
- salicidation of the source / drain region using self-melting metal self-aligned silicidation
- the silicon film on the oxide film is very thin and silicidation is difficult. It will be very difficult.
- the present inventors have devised a dynamic threshold value operation transistor using a park silicon substrate (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Hei 10-22462). As shown in FIG.
- a deep hole 0302 is formed in a silicon substrate 0301, and a deep hole is formed in the deep hole region 0302, as shown in FIG.
- An OSFET having a shallower, deeper and reverse conductive type shallow gage 0303 and a source and drain region 0307 of the shallower and reverse conductive type (ie, of the same conductivity type as the deeper gage) within the shallower gage region 0303
- the gate electrode 0306 of the M ⁇ S FET is electrically connected to the shallow gage 0303, and at least the shallow gage region 0303 is a shallow gage constituting an adjacent transistor element.
- Reference numeral 0305 denotes a gate oxide film
- 0308 denotes an interlayer insulating film
- 0309 denotes a contact hole.
- the structure shown in Fig. 35 has solved the problem of DTMOS using an SII substrate, which is an increase in body resistance.
- the area of the junction between the source and drain regions increases in the PARC substrate, and the parasitic capacitance increases accordingly.
- V the power supply voltage
- c the capacitance of the circuit including the parasitic capacitance
- f the operating frequency.
- FIG. 36 shows a normal CMOS inverter state change of fanout 1.
- FIG. 37 shows a CMOS inverter state change of the dynamic threshold voltage operation transistor of Fan 1 in which the gate electrode and the well region are short-circuited. In both of FIGS. 36 and 37, “+” is displayed at the site of the parasitic capacitance.
- the dynamic threshold operation transistor of FIG. 37 has three times the junction as compared with the normal transistor of FIG. 36. It becomes parasitic capacitance. In fact, the depletion layer spread between the forward bias and the reverse bias is different, so it does not simply triple.
- Fig. 38 shows the specific capacity of the fan-out 2 circuit.
- FIGS. 38A and 38B the comparison is made with transistors having a gate length of 0.24 / m.
- the distance from the gate electrode to the isolation region (the width of the source and drain regions) is 0.72 ⁇ .
- C G is the gate capacitance
- C DR drain junction capacitance in Ueru region opposite Paiasu state
- C DF drain junction capacitance in Ueru region and the forward bias state
- C s is the source junction capacitance
- C dep is the capacitance between the inverted channel region and the shallow well.
- the gate capacitance C between the normal MOS transistor and the bulk DTMOS (B-DTMOS).
- the wiring capacitance C w does not change, when C w is 10 fF (see Fig. 38A), comparing with other junction capacitances, with the normal transistor, compared to 4.7 in CDR, the dynamic threshold operation transistor, marked with capacity of C DR + C DF + C s + C sw / DW + C dep, the total 28.5.
- the junction parasitic capacitance is approximately 6 times the capacitance at fanout 2. The problem of parasitic capacitance occurs even when using an SOI substrate. It is.
- C w is as large as 100 fF as shown in FIG.
- the junction parasitic capacitance ratio of C DR + C DF + C s + C sw / DW + C dcp is 9.2 in total. And the ratio becomes smaller.
- the proportion of non-scalable interconnect capacitance increases and the proportion of junction parasitic capacitance decreases, but is not negligibly small (eg, even in Figure 38B, 100: 10 7.8 and about 8% increase in capacity). Therefore, it is important to reduce the junction parasitic capacitance. Disclosure of the invention
- a semiconductor substrate, an element isolation region formed in the semiconductor substrate, a first conductivity type semiconductor layer formed between the element isolation regions, and the first conductivity type semiconductor layer A gate insulating film formed on the gate insulating film, a gate electrode formed on the gate insulating film, a gate electrode side wall insulating film formed on a side wall of the gate electrode, A semiconductor device comprising: a second conductive type semiconductor layer serving as a source region and a drain region formed so as to cover a part of an element isolation region, wherein the gate electrode and the first conductive type semiconductor are provided.
- the second conductive type semiconductor layer is formed so as to exist above the one conductive type semiconductor layer, and has a thickness of the second conductive type semiconductor layer. The distance from the element isolation region And Toku ⁇ that gradually increases One suited to gate electrode.
- This structure has the effect of reducing the parasitic resistance of the source and drain regions. With this structure, even if an SOI substrate is used, silicidation of the source / drain region, which has been extremely difficult in the past, becomes very easy.
- the surface area is large compared to the area occupied by the source and drain regions. When forming a contact with the upper wiring on the source and drain regions, it has the effect of increasing the contact area and lowering the contact resistance with respect to the occupied area.
- the semiconductor device may further include: a semiconductor substrate; a second conductive type deep plug region formed in the semiconductor substrate; an element isolation region formed in the semiconductor substrate; A shallow Gaussian region of the first conductivity type formed in the deep Gaussian region of the second conductivity type; a gate insulating film formed on the shallow Gaussian region of the first conductive type; A formed gate electrode, a gate electrode side wall insulating film formed on a side wall of the gate electrode, and a source formed adjacent to the gate electrode side wall insulating film and covering a part of the element isolation region.
- the distance from the gate electrode to the element isolation region in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the transistor gate electrode is 2.5 L to 3 L (L is the gate length) of the conventional example.
- the area becomes the value obtained by multiplying this value by the width W of the transistor.
- the junction area can be reduced from 4Z15 to 2Z9.
- the surface component of the junction capacitance can be reduced from 4-15 to 2Z9. More specifically, as described above, in the present invention, a donor for forming a source / drain region or an impurity ion species serving as an impurity is injected only into a region stacked above a channel region. However, since it is possible to form a junction by solid-phase diffusion in the substrate from this, it is possible to form a junction with a very small depth and to reduce the peripheral length component of the capacitor.
- the opening diameter of the contact hole may be larger than the width of the active region from the end of the gate to the element isolation region in the cross section cut perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the gate electrode.
- the opening diameter can be increased, and the formation of the contact hole is facilitated.
- Conventional contact holes require the provision of contact holes on the surface of the source and drain regions. For this reason, a contact having an opening diameter smaller than the width of the source / drain regions is provided. Therefore, processing for opening contact holes was difficult.
- the contact hole in a semiconductor device having a contact hole for forming an upper wiring electrically connected to the source region and the Z or drain region, has a cross section perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of the gate electrode.
- the width of the opening is larger than the distance from the end of the gate electrode to the element isolation region. For this reason, it is possible to provide a large contact hole without increasing the source / drain area, and it is possible to achieve both the ease of forming the contact hole and the reduction of the junction capacitance depending on the source / drain junction area. Become.
- an interval from an end of the gate electrode to the element isolation region in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the gate electrode is smaller than a width of the gate electrode.
- the second conductive type made of a material in which the diffusion coefficient of impurities in the semiconductor layer of the second conductivity type forming the source and Z or drain regions is larger than the diffusion coefficient of impurities in the semiconductor substrate. It is characterized by being a semiconductor layer. Therefore, when the above-described heat treatment for diffusing and activating the impurities is performed, diffusion to the interface between the stacked layer and the semiconductor substrate is extremely fast, and diffusion in the semiconductor substrate is slow, so that the channel The depth of the source / drain regions located in the region below the region is less likely to be affected by variations in the height of the stacked region, and has an effect of improving the controllability of diffusion of impurities in the semiconductor substrate. By this effect, a shallow junction can be formed with good control in a bulk substrate, and diffusion in a lateral direction of a channel can be easily controlled in an SI substrate.
- the diffusion coefficient of the impurity in the semiconductor of the second conductivity type is preferably 2 to 100 times the diffusion coefficient of the impurity in the semiconductor substrate. Therefore, the channel The depth of the source / drain regions located in the region below the region is less affected by the variation in the height of the stacked region, and has an effect of improving controllability of diffusion of impurities in the semiconductor substrate.
- the second conductivity type semiconductor layer is made of polycrystalline silicon.
- the polycrystalline silicon film is a film that is often used in the manufacture of semiconductor devices, so that there is little need to introduce new devices or set conditions.
- polycrystalline silicon has very good diffusion of impurities in a polycrystalline silicon film if it is a columnar crystal, and has good controllability in diffusing impurities doped in the polycrystalline silicon film into a semiconductor substrate.
- the depth of the source and drain regions is less likely to be affected by the variation in the height of the polycrystalline silicon, and there is an effect that the controllability of diffusion of impurities in the semiconductor substrate is improved.
- the grain size of the polycrystalline silicon is 50 nm or less, a large diffusion coefficient can be obtained with respect to the diffusion coefficient in the semiconductor substrate. In addition, it is possible to suppress the variation in the width of the sidewall of the polycrystalline silicon caused by the grain of the polycrystalline silicon during the etch back.
- the gate electrode and the semiconductor layer of the second conductivity type are two-layer films including a high-melting-point gold-silicide film on the surface side and a polycrystalline silicon film on the substrate side. And Therefore, as described above, even if the contact contact area between the source-drain region and the upper wiring is small, a contact with extremely low resistance can be realized. Furthermore, since the silicide film is close to the channel region, the parasitic resistance can be kept small even if the source-drain junction area is small as described above. Can be increased. Also, when etching the contact hole, the silicide layer is etched away. It can also be used as a top layer.
- a step of forming an element isolation region on a substrate having a surface made of a semiconductor layer of the first conductivity type with a material resistant to silicon etching A step of sequentially forming a gate insulating film, a gate electrode, and a gate side wall insulating film thereon; and a step of forming a polycrystalline silicon film having a thickness larger than a distance from the gate electrode to the element isolation region on the entire surface of the substrate.
- the stacked source / drain regions as in the present invention can be easily formed.
- the silicon substrate is not exposed, and the silicon substrate is anisotropically etched back. Therefore, there is no damage.
- the end of the stacked layer on the side wall of the gate electrode formed by anisotropic etching always has a structure extending over an element isolation region formed of a material resistant to silicon etching.
- the source region and the drain region remain short-circuited only by performing the etch back, and therefore, after the etch back, the stack of the polysilicon film formed on the side wall of the gate electrode is formed. It is necessary to perform a step of separating the raised layer into a source region and a drain region.
- the distance between adjacent gates should be reduced to twice or less the thickness of the polycrystalline silicon film to be deposited. By setting, it is possible to connect intentionally.
- a step of forming an element isolation region on a substrate having a surface made of a semiconductor layer of the first conductivity type with a material resistant to silicon etching Sequentially forming a gate insulating film, a gate electrode, and a gate sidewall insulating film on the layer; and forming a polycrystalline silicon film having a thickness larger than a distance from the gate electrode to the element isolation region on the entire surface of the substrate. Performing anisotropic etching until the polycrystalline silicon film formed on the gate electrode is eliminated; and forming one of the polycrystalline silicon films to electrically separate a source region and a drain region.
- a step of forming an element isolation region on a silicon substrate with a material resistant to silicon etching, a deep second conductivity type Gael region, and the deep second conductive type Gael Forming a shallow first conductivity type well region in the region; sequentially forming a gate insulating film, a gate electrode, and a gate sidewall green film on the first conductivity type well region; Forming a polycrystalline silicon film having a thickness greater than the distance from the gate electrode to the element isolation region on the entire surface of the substrate; and anisotropic etching until the polycrystalline silicon film formed on the gate electrode is eliminated.
- the step of removing a part of the gate electrode corresponding to the contact region with the region is performed at the same time. Therefore, the process can be simplified.
- the method includes a step of introducing an impurity which becomes a donor or an impurity to the source region, the drain region, and the gate electrode, and the step of introducing the impurity is performed simultaneously by an ion implantation step.
- the semiconductor device is a CMOS
- the gate of the p-channel semiconductor device is removed during the step of introducing donor impurities into the source region, the drain region, and the gate electrode of the n-channel semiconductor device.
- Simultaneously implanting donor impurities into the contact region to short-circuit the electrode and the n-type conductive shallow layer region or semiconductor substrate, and the source, drain, and gate electrodes of the p-channel semiconductor device In the process of introducing impurities into the contact region, the impurity is implanted into the contact region to short-circuit the gate electrode and the shallow p-type conductive region or the semiconductor substrate of the n-channel semiconductor device. And a step of performing simultaneously.
- the body a region or a shallow ⁇ El ⁇ surface, to determine the threshold of the normal element, non ⁇ concentration of things low concentration (5 X 1 0 1 6 ⁇ 5 X 1 0 1 8 cm 3 ).
- the concentration of the impurity only in the contact region is set to a high concentration (10 2 DZ cm 3 or more).
- ion implantation for contact connection is indispensable. If the low-concentration region is directly contacted with metal or gold-silicide, it becomes Schottky connection and does not become an omic connection.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view of a semiconductor device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view taken along line Q--Q 'of FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a current flow in a vertical sectional view taken along the line Q--Q 'of FIG.
- FIG. 4A is a diagram showing the parasitic resistance of the transistor in the vertical cross-sectional view taken along the line QQ ′ in FIG.
- FIG. 4B is a diagram showing the parasitic resistance of the conventional semiconductor device S compared to the transistor of FIG. 4A.
- FIG. 5 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the semiconductor device according to the first embodiment after a contact hole is formed.
- FIG. 6A is a vertical sectional view of the semiconductor device of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 6B is a plan view of the semiconductor device of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a vertical sectional view of a modification of the semiconductor device of the second embodiment.
- FIGS. 8A and 8B are views showing the order of steps of a semiconductor device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- 9A and 9B are diagrams showing the order of steps of the semiconductor device of the third embodiment.
- FIGS. 10A and 10B are diagrams showing a process order of the semiconductor device of the third embodiment.
- FIGS. 11A and 11B are diagrams showing a process order of the semiconductor device of the third embodiment.
- 12A and 12B are diagrams showing the order of steps of the semiconductor device of the third embodiment.
- FIG. 13A and 13B are diagrams showing the order of steps of the semiconductor device of the third embodiment.
- 14A, 14B, and 14C are views showing a process of the semiconductor device of the third embodiment.
- FIGS. 15A, 15B and 15C are diagrams showing the order of steps of the semiconductor device of the third embodiment.
- FIGS. 16A, 16B, and 16C are diagrams showing a process order of the semiconductor device of the third embodiment.
- 17A, 17B, and 17C are diagrams showing the order of steps of the semiconductor device of the third embodiment.
- FIG. 18 is a vertical cross-sectional view attached with a symbol indicating a scale of each region in the semiconductor device of the third embodiment.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram for explaining the occurrence of a defect when forming the source / drain regions in the semiconductor device of the third embodiment.
- 20A and 20B are plan views of the semiconductor device of the third embodiment.
- FIGS. 21A, 21B, and 21C are diagrams illustrating impurity diffusion from a semiconductor layer of the second conductivity type serving as a source / drain region in the semiconductor device according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 22 is a vertical sectional view taken along line CC ′ in FIG. 16A.
- FIG. 23A is a plan view showing a positional relationship between a gate electrode, an active region, and a contact hole in a conventional example.
- FIG. 23B is a plan view showing the positional relationship among the gate electrode, the active region, and the contact hole in the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 24A, 24B, and 24C are views showing the order of steps of a semiconductor device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 25A, 25B and 25C are diagrams showing the order of steps of the semiconductor device of the fourth embodiment.
- 26A, 26B, and 26C are diagrams showing the order of steps of the semiconductor device of the fourth embodiment.
- 27A, 27B and 27C are diagrams showing the order of the steps of the semiconductor device of the fourth embodiment.
- 28A, 28B and 28C are diagrams showing the order of steps of the semiconductor device of the fourth embodiment.
- 29A, 29B and 29C are diagrams showing the order of steps of the semiconductor device of the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 3 OA is a cross-sectional view when transistors, which are semiconductor devices of the present invention using an SOI substrate, are connected in series.
- FIG. 30B is a circuit diagram of the semiconductor device shown in FIG.
- FIG. 31 is a cross-sectional view when transistors, which are semiconductor devices of the present invention using a bulk substrate, are connected in series.
- FIG. 32 is a cross-sectional view of an electrically isolated adjacent transistor which is a semiconductor device of the present invention.
- FIG. 33 is a cross-sectional view of an electrically separated adjacent transistor which is a semiconductor device of the present invention.
- FIGS. 34A, 34B and 34C are views showing a conventional semiconductor device using an SOI substrate.
- FIG. 35 is a view showing a conventional semiconductor device using pulp.
- FIG. 36 is a diagram illustrating a change in the charge state of the CMOS inverter of the normal semiconductor device of fan 1.
- Figure 37 shows the CMOS inverter of the DTMOS semiconductor device with fan 1 It is a figure explaining a change of a charge state.
- Figures 38A and 38B are graphs comparing the capacities of a normal semiconductor device and a DTMOS semiconductor device.
- FIG. 39 is a graph illustrating the heat treatment conditions and the short-channel effect in an N-channel transistor.
- FIG. 40 is a graph illustrating heat treatment conditions and a short channel effect in an N-channel transistor.
- FIG. 41 is a graph illustrating heat treatment conditions and a short channel effect in a P-channel transistor.
- FIG. 42 is a graph illustrating heat treatment conditions and a short channel effect in a P-channel transistor.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view of a semiconductor device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view taken along line Q--Q 'of FIG. 1 according to the semiconductor device.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a current flow in a vertical cross-sectional view taken along a line Q-Q ′ in FIG. 1 of the semiconductor device.
- FIG. 4A shows a parasitic resistance of a transistor in a vertical cross-sectional view taken along a line QQ ′ of FIG. 1 according to the semiconductor device.
- Reference numeral 100 denotes an S ⁇ I substrate
- 101 denotes an element isolation region
- 102 denotes an active region
- 103 denotes a gate oxide film
- 104 denotes a gate electrode
- 105 denotes a gate electrode sidewall insulating film
- 106 is a source / drain region
- 107 is a body region
- 108 is a gate-body contact region.
- the gate electrode 104 is composed of a body region 107 (see FIG. 2) composed of a semiconductor layer of the first conductivity type and a contact between the gate and the body. Are connected by the port area 108.
- the present semiconductor device has an MIS type formed on an active region 102 in an S ⁇ I substrate 100 roughly divided into an element isolation region 101 and an active region 102. It is a semiconductor element.
- a drain region 106 is present above the gate electrode 104, and in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the gate electrode 104, from the end of the gate electrode, the source (the end of the drain region 106 (B-B ') ), There is a boundary (C-C ') between the active region and the isolation region, and a vertical cross-section (Q-Q' line in Fig. 1) when cut perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the gate electrode 104 In the vertical cross-sectional view of FIG.
- the distance d between the surface A—A * of the active region of the semiconductor substrate and the surface of the source / drain region 106 goes from the element isolation region to the gate electrode 104 side.
- the active region 102 is covered with three electrically insulated gate, source, and drain regions without creating a vertical step between the gate and the isolation. It is a structure to cover.
- the source / drain region 10 is formed between the surface of the source / drain region 106 and the contact hole 109 for connecting the upper wiring. 6 It is characterized in that at least a part of the contact hole 109 exists on the surface.
- reference numeral 109 denotes a contact hole in the insulating layer for connecting the upper wiring and the source / drain region 106 of the element via an insulating layer (not shown), and usually a metal is embedded therein. .
- the ratio of the high resistance region (D) to the current flow path is very small, and the parasitic resistance of the source / drain region 106 is reduced as compared with a normal structure. Furthermore, the path of current flow increases from the source / drain region 106 near the channel region as it approaches the contact, and this action also reduces the parasitic resistance extremely. These effects increase the device's current drive capability and improve transconductance.
- FIG. 4A shows a diagram of the parasitic resistance in the semiconductor device of this embodiment.
- Figure 4B shows the parasitic resistance of a conventional semiconductor device.
- R c . nt is the contact resistance
- R sd is the source and drain resistance
- R ej is the spreading resistance of the overhang junction.
- the mainstream is to make the silicon film on the oxide film very thin.
- the thickness of silicon becomes thinner, increasing the resistance of the source-drain region becomes an issue.
- the silicon film becomes thinner, the silicide film becomes thinner during the silicidation reaction.
- FIG. 5 shows a structure in which the semiconductor device of this embodiment using an SOI substrate is salicided.
- reference numeral 1501 denotes an S ⁇ I substrate
- 1502 denotes an oxide film
- 1503 denotes an active region
- 1504 denotes a body region
- 1505 denotes an element isolation region
- 1506 is a gate oxide film
- 1507 is a gate electrode
- 1508 is a gate electrode sidewall insulating film
- 1509 is a source / drain region
- 15010 is a refractory metal.
- a silicide film, 1511 is an interlayer insulating film
- 1512 is a contact hole.
- the silicon (polycrystalline silicon film) of the source / drain region 1509 that is stacked above the channel region exists, the surface of the silicon film stacked above the channel region during the salicide process is formed. Then, the silicide film is formed by the reaction of the high melting point metal, so that the silicide film does not reach the oxide film in the SOI substrate, and the above-mentioned problems peculiar to the SOI substrate are eliminated.
- the surface area of the region 1509 to be silicided is increased with respect to the area occupied by the source / drain region 1509, low resistance can be achieved. This has the effect of alleviating the fine line effect (a problem of silicidation of fine wiring, which hinders the reaction and makes silicidation impossible).
- a decrease in yield due to a vertical step of a gate which is a problem in the manufacture of a semiconductor device, is suppressed.
- one planarization of the interlayer insulating film can be easily performed.
- a step between the element region and the active region is covered by the source / drain regions, light is not reflected at the step and the lithography is facilitated.
- FIG. 6A is a cross-sectional view of the DTMOS corresponding to FIG. 2 in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6A (or FIG. 7) is a vertical sectional view taken along a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the gate electrode according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- a top view of a DTMOS using a bulk silicon substrate is shown in FIG. 6B, and is not particularly different from the first embodiment (see FIG. 1).
- 200 is a semiconductor substrate
- 201 is an element isolation region
- 202 is an active region
- 203 is a shallow well region of the opposite conductivity type to the source and drain regions
- 204 is a deep well region of the same conductivity type as the source and drain regions
- 205 is a gate oxide film
- 205 is a gate oxide film
- 6 is a gate electrode
- 207 is a gate electrode sidewall insulating film
- 208 is a source / drain region
- 209 is an interlayer insulating film
- 210 is a gate electrode 206 and a shallow well region 2
- a contact region connecting 0 3 a contact region 2 11 connecting the source / drain region 208 and the upper wiring (not shown), and a channel region 2 1 2.
- the surface of the source / drain region 208 has a curved shape in a vertical cross section when cut perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the gate electrode 206. It is characterized by being. Therefore, as compared with the first embodiment, it is possible to further increase the surface area of the source / drain region 208 with respect to the occupied area of the source / drain region 208, and it is possible to increase the contact contact area. Become. Specifically, when the element of this embodiment is formed by the method of the third embodiment or the fourth embodiment described later, the shape becomes as shown in FIG. 6A.
- the source / drain region is formed by etching back the polycrystalline silicon serving as the source / drain region and stacking it above the channel region.
- the shallow p-type region 203 corresponds to the body in the SOI substrate.
- the deep well region 204 is provided to isolate the shallow well region 203 of each element from each other. Therefore, it is necessary to form the element isolation region 201 deeper than the shallow well region 203.
- the gate electrode 206 is connected to the shallow well region 203 and the contact region 210 as in the first embodiment (see FIG. 6B).
- the junction area between the source / drain region 208 and the shallow well region 203 in FIG. 6A can be minimized.
- the present inventors have compared with the invention described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H10-22462 previously invented, and as described in the means for solving the problems, the use of Dyna It becomes possible to make the junction capacitance of the source / drain regions of the transistor having a low threshold voltage extremely small.
- the distance j from the gate electrode 206 to the element isolation region 201 in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the transistor gate electrode (gate length direction) in the conventional DTMOS transistor DTMOS is 2. 5L to 3L (L is the gate length and usually the minimum processing size).
- the DTMOS structure of the present invention can be reduced to a value close to the value obtained by adding the gate electrode side wall insulating film thickness to the alignment margin in one photolithography process. Specifically, it can be reduced to about 2Z3L.
- 1Z3L is an alignment margin
- a part of the remaining 1Z3L is a gate electrode side wall insulating film thickness.
- the junction area of the source / drain region 208 is a value obtained by integrating this value with the width W of the transistor. Therefore, when the same W is compared, the junction area becomes 4Z15 to 2Z9.
- the surface component of the junction capacitance can be reduced accordingly from 4/15 to 2Z9.
- a donor for forming a source / drain region or an impurity ion species serving as an impurity is implanted only into a region which is stacked higher than a channel region, and solid-state diffusion into the semiconductor substrate is performed therefrom. It is possible to form a junction with a very shallow depth, making it possible to reduce the perimeter component of the capacitance, and the short channel effect when miniaturized.
- FIGS. 8 to 17A are process plan views of the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 8 to 17B are vertical cross-sectional views taken along the line AA ′ of FIGS. 8 to 17 illustrating the third embodiment.
- You. 14C is a vertical cross-sectional view taken along line BB ′ of FIG. 14A to FIG. 17 for explaining the third embodiment.
- the present embodiment is implemented by a process employing a self-aligned silicide film formed in the gate electrode, source region, and drain region (salicide process).
- FIG. 18 is a vertical sectional view when the third embodiment is cut perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the gate electrode, and the scale of each region is indicated by a symbol.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram for explaining how a failure occurs when forming source and drain regions in the third embodiment.
- 20A and 20B are plan views of the third embodiment.
- FIGS. 21A, 21B and 21C are diagrams for explaining impurity diffusion for forming source / drain regions according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 22 is a vertical sectional view taken along line C-C 'in FIG.
- FIG. 23A is a plan view showing a positional relationship between a gate electrode, an active region, and a contact hole in a conventional example.
- FIG. 23B is a plan view showing the positional relationship among the gate electrode, the active region, and the contact hole in the third embodiment of the present invention.
- an element isolation region 302 is formed on a semiconductor substrate 301 by a known method.
- an element isolation region 302 is formed by forming a groove having a depth of 400 to 700 and embedding an oxide film in the groove using STI (Shallow ow Trench I soion). Has formed.
- STI Shallow ow Trench I soion
- device isolation is not limited to this method. It is sufficient if a plurality of shallow well regions can be separated for each element.
- a deep jewel region 303 and a shallow jewel region 304 are formed.
- phosphorus is used at an energy of about 250 KeV to 35 OKe V and 5 ⁇ 10 12 to 5 ⁇ 10 13 About Zcm 2 was injected.
- boron was implanted at an energy of about 17 OKe V to 23 OKe V—about 5 ⁇ 10 12 to 5 ⁇ 10 13 cm 2 .
- boron is At an energy of about V to 90 KeV, about 1 ⁇ 10 12 to 1 ⁇ 10 14 cm 2 was injected.
- R was implanted at an energy of about 1001: 6 ⁇ -20 OKeV and about 1 ⁇ 10 12 to about 1 ⁇ 10 14 cm 2 .
- the formation of each well region is not limited to this implantation condition. Basically, if the element isolation depth is T d , the shallow depth is S Wxj , and the deep depth is D Wxj , the relationship between S wxj ⁇ T d and D Wxj must be established. ⁇ .
- an insulating film 307 (in this embodiment, a silicon oxide film) is formed on the gate oxide film 305, the gate electrode 306, and the gate electrode by an ordinary method.
- the minimum processing dimension is defined as F
- the width of the gate electrode 303 ⁇ 46 that is, the transistor gate length
- the distance a from the gate electrode 306 to the element isolation region 302 is, in this embodiment, the thickness of the gate electrode side wall insulating film b, and the distance when the gate electrode 306 is aligned with the element isolation region.
- a gate electrode side wall insulating film 308 is formed.
- 306 was resized to form a resist extraction region, and the silicon nitride film was etched back using this resist as a mask.
- a gate electrode side wall insulating film 308 is formed, and a silicon nitride film 309 is also formed on the element isolation region.
- the gate electrode side wall insulating film 308 of this embodiment is formed of a silicon nitride film, it may be, for example, a two-layer film of a silicon oxide film and a silicon oxide film.
- a polycrystalline silicon film 310 is deposited over the entire surface by a chemical vapor deposition method (CVD method).
- the polycrystalline silicon film 310 needs to be subjected to anisotropic etching back in the next step and to be left in the shape of a sidewall on the side wall of the gate electrode. Need to be processed. If they do not overlap, that is, if a is large, the silicon substrate will be dug during anisotropic etching as shown in FIG. In such a case, the silicon substrate is damaged, the junction leakage current increases, and the junction becomes deep, so that the short channel effect deteriorates.
- CVD method chemical vapor deposition method
- the width d of the sidewall is determined by the step of the gate electrode 306 (the height including the insulating film 307 on the gate electrode 306) and the deposition film of the polycrystalline silicon film 310. Determined by thickness.
- the thickness of the deposited polycrystalline silicon film was set at 400 nm to 500 nm.
- the pre-evacuation chamber and the nitrogen purge chamber always kept at a dew point of 100, and a low-pressure CVD (LPCVD) apparatus equipped with a deposition furnace, were used to deposit polycrystalline deposited on the active region surface of the semiconductor substrate. It has become possible to deposit a polycrystalline silicon film without growing a native oxide film at the silicon film interface.
- LPCVD low-pressure CVD
- the polycrystalline silicon film immediately before depositing the polycrystalline silicon film, it is washed with a hydrofluoric acid-based solution to remove the natural oxide film, and then transported to a preliminary vacuum exhaust chamber.
- a hydrofluoric acid-based solution to remove the natural oxide film
- the atmosphere is replaced with a nitrogen atmosphere and transferred to a nitrogen purge chamber whose dew point is always kept at 110.
- the role of the nitrogen purge chamber is to completely remove water molecules adsorbed on the wafer surface by nitrogen purge.
- Our experiments have shown that water molecules adsorbed on the wafer surface cannot be removed in a vacuum and can be completely removed by a nitrogen purge. In ordinary LPCVD equipment, such unremoved water molecules are transported to the deposition furnace while adsorbed on the wafer surface.
- Normal polycrystalline silicon film deposition is performed at a temperature of about 550 ° C to about 700 ° C. Therefore, the oxygen component of the adsorbed water molecules reacts with the silicon wafer when the wafer is transported to a high-temperature deposition furnace.
- a native oxide film is formed on the silicon wafer surface before the polycrystalline silicon film is deposited.
- a native oxide film is formed at the interface between the active region surface of the semiconductor substrate and the deposited polycrystalline silicon film.
- the conveyed water is transferred to the deposition furnace. It is possible to deposit a polycrystalline silicon film without forming a native oxide film.
- the polycrystalline silicon film 310 is etched back. Etching back was performed using a helicon-type RI ⁇ device with a mixed gas of chlorine and oxygen under a pressure of 0.3 pa. At that time, an overetch of 10% to 30% was performed using an end point detection device (EPD). At this time, the polycrystalline polysilicon is etched until the upper insulating film 307 of the gate electrode 306 is exposed.
- EPD end point detection device
- the insulating film 307 of the gate electrode 303 is removed.
- the removal of the insulating film 307 on the gate electrode 306 is performed using a hydrofluoric acid-based solution because a silicon oxide film is formed in this embodiment. Since the wafer surface is covered with the crystalline silicon film 310, the gate electrode side wall insulating film 308, and the silicon nitride film 309, only the insulating film 307 on the gate electrode 306 is removed. It is possible to do. If only the polycrystalline silicon etching pack was performed in the previous step, as shown in FIG. 2OA, the polycrystalline silicon film 3 was formed around the gate electrode 106 through the gate electrode side wall insulating film 108. 10 is formed.
- the source and the drain are connected. Therefore, in order to use the polycrystalline silicon film 310 as the stacked source / drain region 311, as shown in FIG. It is necessary to separate the source and drain regions 311 by removing the polycrystalline silicon. Therefore, the region where the polycrystalline silicon is not removed is covered with a mask and dry-etched to form a contact with the region separating the source / drain regions 311 and the region of a part of the gate electrode 303 where the contact is formed. Crystalline silicon was removed. The etching conditions for part of the gate electrode 310 and the polycrystalline silicon film 311 are slightly sized to ensure separation even when the side wall of the gate electrode is not perpendicular to the substrate surface. The etching was performed under conditions that allowed etching. Specifically, etching was carried out using a helicon-type RIE device under a pressure of 0.4 pa using a mixed gas of hydrogen bromide and oxygen.
- the contact lithography process for connecting the gate electrode 106 and the shallow p-type region 304 is also performed by simultaneously etching a part of the gate electrode 106 during the etching process for separating the source and drain regions. There is no need to do it again.
- the gate oxide film 305 in the contact region for connecting the gate electrode 306 with the shallow well region 304 is removed after removing a part of the polycrystalline silicon film 311.
- the gate oxide film 305 may be removed after the following ion implantation step and activation annealing. '
- impurity ions are implanted for forming the source / drain regions 311.
- the doping of the gate electrode 310 and the doping of the source and drain regions 311 are performed simultaneously.
- an impurity of the opposite conductivity type to that of the ions implanted into the source and drain regions 311 is implanted into the contact region 313 for connecting the gate electrode 303 with the shallow gate region 304. .
- the gate electrode 3 of the p-channel transistor is formed.
- donor impurities are implanted into the contact region to short-circuit the n-type conductivity type shallow p-type region 304 and the n-type conductivity shallow region.
- the surface of the shallow well region 304 is usually set to a low impurity concentration (about 5 ⁇ 10 16 to 5 ⁇ 10 18 cm 3 ) in order to determine the threshold value of the device. I have.
- the contact When forming a contact in this region, for example, metal wiring and, in order to connect the silicide and the low density region as in this embodiment, the contact ⁇ Mino impurity concentration of high concentration (1 0 2 Q Zcm 3 or more). For this reason, ion implantation for contact connection is indispensable. If a contact is made with a metal or metal silicide in a low-concentration region, a Schottky connection will be made and not an ohmic connection.
- the thickness F (see FIG. 18) of the polycrystalline silicon film serving as the gate electrode in the specific embodiment is 200 nm to 250 nm, and the maximum height g near the gate electrode 303 in the stacked region is 200 nm. Shaped from nm to 300 nm. Therefore, I O emissions injection, for the n-channel transistor, Note penetration by 1 X 10 i 5 ⁇ l X 10 16 Z c ⁇ 2 dose of about an energy of approximately 80 k eV phosphorus ions from 20 ke V did. For the ⁇ -channel transistor, boron ions were implanted at an energy of about 10 keV to about 4 keV and at a dose of about 1 ⁇ 10 1 S to 1 ⁇ 10 1 ⁇ cm 2 .
- CMOS complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor
- heat treatment at a temperature of about 800 to 950, at a temperature of about 100 to 120 minutes, or at a temperature of about 950 to 110, A rapid heating process is performed for about 0 to 60 seconds to activate the implanted impurities and diffuse them to the silicon substrate.
- the gate electrode 303 As a guide for heat treatment, it is necessary to thermally diffuse the gate electrode 303 to such an extent that the source / drain regions 311 do not offset. Specifically, it is necessary to diffuse impurities in the lateral direction by the thickness of the gate electrode side wall insulating film 308. In order to improve the performance of the transistor (the short-channel effect is less likely to occur and the drive current is larger), the junction should be made as shallow as possible, and the source and drain should not be offset from the gate electrode 106. The region 3 1 1 needs to be formed.
- Fig. 21 shows the diffusion. From the point A in FIG. 21A, impurities were diffused to such an extent that the source / drain region 311 was offset laterally with respect to the gate electrode 306 as shown in FIG. 21C. In such a case, the drive current of the device is significantly reduced. Therefore, ideally, it is desirable to set the impurity diffusion state as shown in Fig. 21B. Specifically, it is preferable that the junction 1 depth of the source / drain region near the gate electrode is about 0.8 times or more the gate electrode side wall insulating film thickness of 108.
- the thickness is set to 0.05 m as described above.
- FIGS. Fig. 39 shows the N-channel transistor implanted with phosphorus ions as impurities for forming source and drain regions at 5 X 10 15 cm- 2 at an implantation energy of 5 OK eV.
- phosphorus ions as impurities for forming source and drain regions at 5 X 10 15 cm- 2 at an implantation energy of 5 OK eV.
- At 800 it is 120 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere, at 850, it is 30 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere, 900,000C It is 10 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere, 85,000 oxygen atmosphere This is an example of 30 minutes in the air.
- Figure 40 relates to N-channel transistors, as an impurity for the source 'drain regions, after the phosphorus ions 5 X 1 0 15 cm one 2 and 1 X 10 16 cm- 2 implanted at an implantation energy of 50 Ke V, This is an example in which 10 seconds were performed in a 1050 nitrogen atmosphere as a rapid heating process.
- P relates channel transistor, as an impurity for the source 'drain region formation, the boron ions 1 5 at an implantation energy of Ke V 5 X 10 15 cm one 2 injected as a heat treatment condition, respectively 800 ° C nitrogen
- FIG. 42 shows a P-channel transistor after implanting boron ions as impurities for forming source / drain regions at 5 ⁇ 10 15 cm ⁇ 2 and 1 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 2 at an implantation energy of 15 KeV. This is an example in which a rapid heating treatment 1050 is performed in a nitrogen atmosphere for 10 seconds.
- the heat treatment condition is 850 for about 30 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere. From 900 "C in a nitrogen atmosphere for about 10 minutes.
- the present invention is not limited to this condition.
- c is a positioning margin between the gate electrode and the element isolation region and is not shown.
- the thickness f of the gate polycrystalline silicon film and the maximum height g near the gate electrode vary according to the values of a, b, c, and d, and are not limited to the values of the present embodiment. Absent. Depending on these values of a, b, c, d, f, g, ion implantation species, implantation energy, dose, heat treatment The conditions have optimal conditions according to the values of a, b, c, d, f, and g. It is necessary to pay attention to the ion implantation and heat treatment conditions. In this embodiment, the doping to the gate electrode and the formation of the source / drain regions are performed by simultaneous implantation.
- the performance of the above-mentioned drainage is satisfied. Is difficult to occur, and the drive current is increased). Since the parameters are intertwined in this way, it seems that it is difficult to find very optimal conditions.
- the diffusion coefficient of the stacked layer is compared to the diffusion coefficient in the silicon substrate (single-crystal silicon). This embodiment succeeds in making the margin of the process condition very large by setting it large.
- the superiority over the case where the stacked diffusion layer is formed of an epitaxial silicon film will be described.
- the height of the gate electrode, the height of the stacked region, the thickness of the gate electrode sidewall insulating film, etc. Ion implantation, heat treatment conditions, etc. will change.
- the diffusion coefficient of impurities can be increased to about 100 to 100 times as compared with an epitaxial silicon single crystal (The diffusion coefficient increases as the grain size decreases, depending on the grain size of the polycrystalline silicon film.) In other words, a large margin for ion implantation and heat treatment conditions can be obtained.
- the diffusion coefficient between the gate polycrystalline silicon film and the stacked layer is significantly different, and the above-described gate electrode is depleted near the gate insulating film, and After satisfying conditions to prevent impurities from penetrating into the channel region, It is virtually impossible to set conditions that improve the performance of the transistor (the short-channel effect is unlikely to occur and the drive current increases).
- the diffusion of impurities in the gate polycrystalline silicon film is very easy to diffuse compared to the diffusion in the stacked layer (epitaxial single crystal silicon layer) and the semiconductor single crystal substrate, so that the transistor does not offset. If it is diffused under such conditions, boron penetrates into the gate oxide film, and if it is diffused under such conditions that boron does not penetrate, it becomes an offset transistor.
- the p-channel transistor becomes a buried-channel transistor.
- the impurity is diffused from the polycrystalline silicon film into the single-crystal silicon (semiconductor substrate) by thermal diffusion, and the source-drain region is formed.
- impurities diffuse instantaneously from the surface of the active region of the semiconductor substrate to the interface between the deposited polycrystalline silicon film due to the difference in diffusion coefficient, and the diffusion from the interface into the silicon substrate has a diffusion coefficient of Diffusion is slow because of its small size, which alleviates variations in the height of the stacked layer and variations in implanted ions (R p) during impurity ion implantation.
- R p implanted ions
- the refractory metal silicide film 3 14 is formed on the source / drain region 311 and the gate electrode 310 by the well-known salicide process. And at the same time, the gate electrode 306 and the shallow well region 304 are electrically connected via the refractory metal silicide film 314.
- titanium metal is used as the high melting point metal film.
- the present invention is not limited to this. Other high melting point metals such as cobalt, nickel, platinum and the like may be used.
- the salicide can be realized in all of the source and drain regions 311 and the upper portion of the gate electrode 303, so that the merits of salicide can be maximized.
- a general salicide step without any additional steps it is possible to simultaneously connect the gate electrode 306 and the shallow gate region 304.
- a high-concentration n-type gate electrode 310 ⁇ a high-melting-point metal silicide film 3 14 a high-concentration p-type diffusion layer contact region 3 13 ⁇ a low-concentration p-type Are connected in the order of the shallow gate region 304.
- the p-channel transistor the reverse is true.
- the high-concentration p-type gate electrode 3 06-high-melting-point metal silicide film 3 14 ⁇ high-concentration n-type diffusion layer contact region 3 13 ⁇ low-concentration n They are connected in the order of the shallow die regions 304.
- the high-concentration p-type gate electrode 306, the low-concentration n-type shallow gate region 304, and the high-concentration n-type gate electrode 3 can be added without any additional steps.
- the ohmic connection of p-type shallow gall region 304 with low concentration of 06 is possible.
- This uses the property that the silicide film grows in the lateral direction when the refractory metal reacts with silicon when forming the refractory metal silicide film.
- the gate oxide film 305 is extremely thin, so that the silicide film 314 in the contact region 313 and the silicide film 314 on the side wall of the gate electrode are in the horizontal direction. It leads to growth.
- a contact hole 316 is opened at a desired position in the interlayer insulating film.
- the wiring step may be performed by a known method.
- the contact hole 3 16 only needs to partially cover the source / drain region 3 11, and such a structure makes it possible to dramatically reduce the occupied area of the element. .
- the source / drain regions 3 11 1 are formed to be stacked above the channel region capable of increasing the surface area with respect to the occupied area, a part of the contact holes 3 16 is formed. It is possible to obtain a large contact area just by being applied to the source / drain region 311. This has the effect of preventing an increase in contact resistance while reducing the junction occupation area of the source / drain region 311. .
- the gate length of the conventional transistor element is L (generally, the gate length L is formed with the minimum processing size) and the gate width is W
- the margin is about 2.5 L to 3 L (the width o of the contact opening diameter, an alignment magazine for preventing the contact and the gate electrode from short-circuiting, and an alignment magazine for preventing the contact from contacting the element isolation area. (The width of the gin q).
- the DTMOS of the present embodiment as shown in FIG.
- (23LX2 + L) XW, that is, 7Z3LW, and the active region per element can be reduced to about 718 to 1Z3.
- the junction parasitic capacitance can be reduced to about 4 to 15 to 2Z9.
- the LSI is subject to restrictions such as wiring pitch and contact pitch, so the final chip area of the LSI is affected by these designs, and the chip area itself is not about 15 .
- FIGS. 24A to 29A are step-by-step plan views of a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- B of FIGS. 24 to 29 is a vertical sectional view taken along line AA ′ of A of FIGS. 24 to 29 of the fourth embodiment.
- C of FIGS. 24 to 29 is a vertical cross-sectional view taken along line BB ′ of A of FIGS. 24 to 29 of the fourth embodiment.
- the present embodiment is implemented by a process in which the gate electrode is made of a refractory metal metal and a polycrystalline silicon film.
- a semiconductor substrate 401 has an element isolation region 402, a deep channel region 403, a shallow gate region 404, and a gate oxide.
- a polycrystalline silicon film 406 is deposited, and a contact hole is formed by using the resist 407 as a mask in a region where the gate electrode and the shallow well region 404 are in contact. 8 opened, shallow Ueru region 4 0 4 the same conductivity type impurity ions are implanted to form a 1 X 1 0 2 Q Roh cm 3 or more high-concentration diffusion layer region 4 0 9.
- an impurity is ion-implanted into a region of the polycrystalline silicon film 406 to be a gate electrode to form an impurity diffusion layer region 410.
- phosphorus ions are implanted into the n-channel transistor and boron ions are implanted into the p-channel transistor.
- boron ions are implanted into the p-channel transistor.
- both the n-conductivity type and the p-conductivity type need to be implanted into the polycrystalline silicon film in the region serving as the gate electrode.
- the same conductivity type impurity ions are implanted, performed a step of forming a 1 X 1 0 2 Q Z cm 3 or more high-concentration diffusion layer region 4 0 9, upon injection into the gate electrode May be.
- the conductivity type of the gate and the conductivity type of the shallow well 404 are different types, so that the impurity implantation into the polycrystalline silicon film in the region serving as the n-channel gate is performed.
- contact injection for p-channel Sometimes, when implanting impurities into the polycrystalline silicon film in the region to be the p-channel gate, it is necessary to simultaneously implant the ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ channel contact.
- a titanium nitride film 411, a tungsten metal 412, and an insulating film (in this embodiment, whether a silicon nitride film is deposited, (An insulating film such as a silicon oxide film may be used.) 413 is sequentially deposited.
- the titanium nitride film 411 is for preventing the polycrystalline silicon film 406 and the tungsten metal 412 from reacting by a subsequent heat treatment (a tungsten silicide film is formed when the reaction is performed, and the resistance is increased). Further, a tungsten nitride film or the like may be used instead of the titanium nitride film.
- any conductive film may be used as long as it prevents the reaction between the polycrystalline silicon film 406 and the stainless steel 412. As shown in FIG. 26C, the high-concentration diffusion region 409 and the conductive titanium nitride film 411 are connected at the contact portion.
- the silicon nitride film 413, the tungsten metal 412, the titanium nitride film 411, and the polycrystalline silicon film 406 are sequentially etched to form the gate electrode 414, and then the gate electrode side wall insulating film 415 is formed.
- the gate electrode side wall insulating film 415 is formed of a silicon nitride film, but may be a two-layer film of a silicon oxide film and a silicon nitride film.
- the total step including the gate electrode and the insulating film thereon may be about 200 to 300 nm.
- a polycrystalline silicon film 416 is deposited by a chemical vapor deposition method (CVD method). In the present embodiment, about 300 to 40 Onm was deposited. Then, the polycrystalline silicon film is etched and packed. The etching back conditions are the same as in the third embodiment. Also, as in the third embodiment, If only etching back is performed, a polycrystalline silicon film is formed around the gate electrode via the gate electrode side wall insulating film 415. Therefore, it is necessary to separate the source and drain regions in order to use the polycrystalline silicon film as the source and drain regions.
- CVD method chemical vapor deposition method
- a refractory metal silicide film 417 is selectively formed on the source / drain regions by a well-known salicide process.
- titanium metal is used as the high melting point metal film.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and other high melting point metals such as cobalt, nickel, platinum and the like may be used.
- the gate electrode is formed of tungsten metal having a lower resistance than the metal silicide film. Since a silicon oxide film or a silicon oxide film exists on the gate electrode, only the source region and the drain region are silicide. Be transformed into Thus, the structure of the semiconductor device shown in FIG. 28 is obtained.
- a contact hole 419 is opened at a desired position in the interlayer insulating film. .
- the wiring step may be performed by a known method.
- the contact hole 419 only needs to partially cover the source / drain region 416 A. With such a structure, the area occupied by the element can be dramatically reduced. Noh.
- the silicon nitride film 413 exists above the gate electrode, the degree of freedom of the position where the contact hole 419 is formed is increased. Even if a contact hole is formed in the gate electrode 41 OA, the source / drain There is no short circuit between the region 4 16 A and the gate electrode 41 OA via the contact hole 4 19. For this reason, it is not necessary to provide a margin (including an alignment magazine) between the contact hole 419 and the gate electrode 41OA to prevent a short.
- the silicon oxide film 413 on the gate electrode 41 OA and the gate electrode sidewall insulating film 415 are silicon nitride films
- the interlayer insulating film 418 is a silicon nitride film containing boron and phosphorus.
- the contact etching is performed using a fluorocarbon gas
- the etching selectivity of the silicon nitride film and the silicide glass film containing boron and phosphorus is 1:10 to 10: 1. It becomes possible to make it 0 or more.
- the gate electrode 410A By performing etching at the time of opening the contact under the above conditions, the gate electrode 410A can be prevented from being exposed.-
- the contact etching having the above-described selectivity can be performed by using the element separation region 402 and the interlayer insulating film.
- the relationship of 4 1 8 holds.
- the contact hole is partially in contact with the element isolation region 402, but if the insulating film material forming the interlayer insulating film 418 and the element isolation region If there is no difference in the etching rate for the contact etching of the insulating film material constituting 402, a hole will be formed in the element isolation region 402 during the contact etching.
- the surface of the insulating film constituting the element isolation region 402 is etched and selected with respect to the interlayer insulating film 418 such as a silicon nitride film as in the third embodiment. What is necessary is just to consist of materials which have a ratio.
- the grain size of the stacked layer made of the polycrystalline silicon film in the third and fourth embodiments described above was 10 times smaller than the area occupied by the source and drain regions 4 16 A. Desirably smaller.
- the process margin (margin of impurity ion implantation conditions for the source and drain, heat treatment conditions, etc.) is increased so that the transistor element characteristics are not varied.
- the diffusion coefficient of the stacked layer made of the polycrystalline silicon film with respect to the silicon substrate is preferably at least twice as large (preferably at least 10 times as large as the diffusion coefficient in the silicon single crystal). Considering the diffusion of impurities in a polycrystalline silicon film, the more grains boundary (grain boundaries) in the film, the more the diffusion is promoted.
- the grain size needs to be sufficiently reduced with respect to the area occupied by the source and drain regions 4 16 A.
- the above-mentioned gate-element separation margin is designed to be about 0.16 tm, so that the grain size of the polycrystalline silicon film is preferably It is desirable that the thickness be 50 nm or less. It is even better if the grains are columnar crystals. In the case of columnar crystals, the downward diffusion becomes very fast.
- a polycrystalline silicon film is used as a material for forming the source / drain regions 4 16 A that have been stacked.
- a silicon germanium film (polycrystal) or the like may be used.
- the silicon, silicon germanide (S i x G e y) film in an amorphous single-layer film may be a two-layer film of Amoru 7 ⁇ Graphics and polycrystalline.
- silicon germanium When silicon germanium is used, the activation rate of impurities is improved compared to silicon.
- the structure of the present embodiment can be applied as it is even if another substrate material such as a SiC substrate or a sapphire substrate is used.
- the semiconductor device of this embodiment is an MIS type semiconductor device formed on a semiconductor substrate roughly divided into an element isolation region and an active region.
- the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the gate electrode (gate length direction) along The width from the gate electrode to the isolation region is defined as a (see Figure 18).
- the gate electrode closest to the element isolation region along the vertical direction (gate length direction) with respect to the gate electrode longitudinal direction starts the device operation.
- the width up to the separation region is defined as a.
- a step of forming an element isolation region on a silicon substrate with a material resistant to silicon etching A step of sequentially forming an electrode and a gate sidewall insulating film; a step of depositing a polycrystalline silicon film having a thickness larger than the value of the width a; and performing anisotropic etching until the polycrystalline silicon film on the gate electrode is eliminated.
- the source / drain regions have a shape formed by performing the steps.
- the semiconductor device of this embodiment has a different shape from the first to fourth examples.
- a> d is defined.However, regarding the distance t between the gate electrode 106 and the adjacent gate electrode, and the width d of the sidewall, Did not mention. Obviously, if the film is formed by the method of the third and fourth embodiments, if the distance t between the gate electrodes becomes 2 d, which is t, the film thickness gradually increases toward the gate electrode 106. Source / drain regions 3 1 1 are not formed in shape.
- the polycrystalline silicon film is embedded between the gate electrodes 506. State.
- FIG. 3 Since OA is an example of an SOI substrate, a silicon oxide film exists immediately below the source / drain regions 5 1 1, so that the body regions 5 0 4 A of the two transistors have a common source / drain It is separated by the region 5 1 1 and does not short circuit. However, an element isolation region is provided between each active region having no source and drain regions 5111, that is, between each region forming a contact between the gate electrode 506 and the body region 504A. It is necessary to provide. In this case, as shown in Fig. 30B The source / drain regions 511 of the adjacent transistors are common.
- the present invention it is possible to achieve a reduction in the resistance of the source and drain regions, which is a major problem in dynamic threshold transistors using an SOI substrate. Also, the occupied area can be significantly reduced. Furthermore, in a dynamic threshold transistor using a bulk substrate, the area occupied by the source-drain region is reduced, the parasitic resistance of the source-drain region is reduced, and Increase of junction capacitance, which is a major issue, in dynamic threshold transistors using IGBTs (compared to ordinary MOS FETs without dynamic thresholds, when the junction area is the same, DTMOS with dynamic thresholds is used.) In this case, the short-circuit between the gate electrode and the shallow well region causes the junction parasitic capacitance to increase about three times or more), but to about 2Z15 to 2Z9.
- the area occupied by the device can be reduced irrespective of the size of the contact.
- the junction area between the drain region and the opposite-conductivity-type well region can be reduced without sacrificing the contact resistance, so that the junction capacitance is effectively reduced.
- the occupied area can be reduced, the parasitic capacitance (junction capacitance) can be reduced, and the parasitic resistance can be reduced without sacrificing the contact resistance.
- the circuit speed is proportional to the transistor drive current and inversely proportional to the load capacity in the CMO SLSI.
- the ratio of the region having a high resistance to the current flow path is very small, and the parasitic resistance of the source / drain region is reduced as compared with a normal structure. Furthermore, the path of current flow increases from the source / drain regions near the channel region as it approaches the contact, and this effect greatly reduces the parasitic resistance. Due to these effects, the current drive capability of the device is increased, and the transconductance is improved. Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to easily form the junction depth of the source / drain impurity diffusion layer region shallower than the channel region of the transistor. This operation has an effect that the short channel effect can be effectively prevented.
- the above-described shallow junction can be realized without using the epitaxial growth technology, and the short channel effect can be suppressed. Further, diffusion control is easier than in the epitaxial growth technology, and there is an effect that the variation of the element is reduced. In addition, since the active region is not exposed after the formation of the source and drain regions, there is an effect that no damage is caused during etching or ion implantation.
- the depth of the source / drain regions located in the region below the channel region is less likely to be affected by the variation in the height of the stacked region, and the shallow junction can be formed with good control.
- the present structure has an effect of suppressing a decrease in yield due to a vertical step of a gate, which is a problem when manufacturing a semiconductor device.
- the interlayer insulating film can be easily flattened.
- the contact rate in the self-aligned contact (SAC) process will increase the etching rate at the gate vertical step in the etch stopper layer, leading to contact failure.
- SAC self-aligned contact
- the stacked source / drain regions as in the present invention can be easily formed by setting the etching amount so that the polycrystalline silicon film on the gate electrode is eliminated.
- the silicon substrate is not exposed.
- the silicon substrate is not damaged by anisotropic etching back.
- the edge of the stacked layer on the side wall of the gate electrode formed by anisotropic etching must be A structure is formed that extends over the element isolation region formed of a resistant material.
- the salicide process on the source, drain, and gate electrodes automatically connects the gate electrode to the body or the shallow p-well region, thereby simplifying the process. There is.
- a gate electrode, a body or a shallow well region are formed at the time of etching for separating a polycrystalline silicon film formed by anisotropic etching back into a source region and a drain region. Since the contact etching for making the connection is simultaneously performed, the process can be simplified.
- the introduction of an impurity that becomes a donor or an acceptor into the source region, the drain region, and the gate electrode is performed simultaneously by an ion implantation process. For this reason, it becomes possible to form a surface channel type element in which the number of ion implantation steps is reduced.
- the material in which the diffusion coefficient of the impurity in the stacked layer constituting the source / drain regions stacked on the semiconductor substrate is larger than the diffusion coefficient of the impurity in the semiconductor substrate can be used.
- the ion implantation process of the source and drain regions is performed in the CMOS process, the ion implantation process for connecting the gate electrode and the body or the shallow well region is simultaneously performed. Can be performed, which has the effect of simplifying the process.
Description
Claims
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KR1020007015078A KR100349768B1 (ko) | 1998-06-30 | 1999-06-29 | 반도체 장치 및 그의 제조방법 |
US09/720,714 US6426532B1 (en) | 1998-06-30 | 1999-06-29 | Semiconductor device and method of manufacture thereof |
EP99926834A EP1100128B1 (en) | 1998-06-30 | 1999-06-29 | Method of manufacture of a semiconductor device |
DE69940737T DE69940737D1 (de) | 1998-06-30 | 1999-06-29 | Verfahren zur herstellung einer halbleiteranordnung |
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US10/171,540 Division US6682966B2 (en) | 1998-06-30 | 2002-06-17 | Semiconductor device and method for producing the same |
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2001050536A1 (fr) * | 2000-01-07 | 2001-07-12 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Dispositif semi-conducteur, son procede de fabrication et dispositif de traitement de l'information |
EP1246258A1 (en) * | 2000-01-07 | 2002-10-02 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Semiconductor device, method of manufacture thereof, and information processing device |
US6825528B2 (en) | 2000-01-07 | 2004-11-30 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Semiconductor device, method of manufacture thereof, and information processing device |
US7176526B2 (en) | 2000-01-07 | 2007-02-13 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Semiconductor device, method for producing the same, and information processing apparatus |
EP1246258A4 (en) * | 2000-01-07 | 2007-07-18 | Sharp Kk | SEMICONDUCTOR ARRANGEMENT, ITS MANUFACTURING METHOD AND INFORMATION PROCESSING ARRANGEMENT |
JP2003031697A (ja) * | 2001-07-19 | 2003-01-31 | Sharp Corp | スタティック型ランダムアクセスメモリ装置及びその製造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20010083080A (ko) | 2001-08-31 |
DE69940737D1 (de) | 2009-05-28 |
EP1100128A4 (en) | 2005-07-06 |
US20020175374A1 (en) | 2002-11-28 |
KR100349768B1 (ko) | 2002-08-24 |
US6426532B1 (en) | 2002-07-30 |
EP1100128B1 (en) | 2009-04-15 |
US6682966B2 (en) | 2004-01-27 |
EP1100128A1 (en) | 2001-05-16 |
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