Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
  • C12N7/00—Viruses; Bacteriophages; Compositions thereof; Preparation or purification thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
  • C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
  • C12M3/00—Tissue, human, animal or plant cell, or virus culture apparatus

Definitions

• the present invention is concerned with a method for the preparation of cells for use in the production of biologicals.
• the US patent No. 4,644,912 discloses a method for the preparation of anchorage-dependent cells for the production of biologicals (i.e. viruses) starting with a cell working seed, and with subsequent passages effected in increasing consecutive volumes of 1 litre, 5 litre, 25 litre, 150 litre bioreactors, and finally either in a 1000 litre bioreactor or in a multiplicity of 150 litre bioreactors. In between any of these passage steps the cells were released from their carriers with a dilute protease solution. In the final passage the inoculation by the virus was effected.
• biologicals i.e. viruses
• the passage intervals may be about every 3-5 day. Therefore, in order to expand the cells to sufficient large cultures from a MWCS 1 the total scaling up procedure may take several weeks, depending on the final bioreactor volume.
• the present invention relates to a method for the preparation of cells for use in the production of biologicals, by culturing cells up till a desired cell volume of a preproduction batch, where after in a repeated discontinuous process: a) part of the cells of the preproduction batch is used for the preparation of at least one production batch, and b) the remaining part of the cells of the preproduction batch is used as a seed for the preparation of at least one subsequent preproduction batch.
• the present invention relates to a method for the preparation of cells for use in the production of biologicals, by culturing cells up till a desired cell volume of a preproduction batch, where after in a repeated discontinuous process: a) part of the cells of the preproduction batch is transferred to be used for the preparation of at least one production batch, and b) the remaining part of the cells of the preproduction batch is transferred to be used as a seed for the preparation of at least one subsequent preproduction batch.
• the first preproduction batch is prepared from a working seed stock by at least one passage step.
• the cells which are prepared are anchorage-dependent. In the latter case it will generally be necessary that the cells are grown on a substrate. It will then be advisable during the repeated process each time when part of a batch is used for the preparation of a new batch to add an additional amount of substrate. In a preferred embodiment, each time prior to the addition of substrate at least part of the cells are first released from their original substrate
• production batch means a culture of cells which is employed for the production of biologicals.
• production batch means a culture of cells which is used in the process according to the present invention for the preparation of at least one production batch (as defined above) and one subsequent preproduction batch.
• biological means any substance or organism which can be produced from a cell culture.
• biologicals are viruses and proteins such as enzymes.
• working seed stock means an amount of a certain type of cells of defined ancestry stored to be used as a seed from which all cultures of the same type of cells are derived.
• anchorage-dependent cells means cells which for their proper growing and/or propagation need to be attached to a substrate as defined herein.
• substrate means any particulate matter useful for the attachment of cells.
• a passage step means a sequence of activities in the propagation and production of cells comprising at least the transfer of a suitable amount of cells and of a suitable amount of culturing medium into a production vessel, the incubation of the vessel at conditions suitable for the growing and propagation of the cells during a time sufficient for effective growing and propagation of the cells.
• a passage step may comprise separation of the cells from the culture medium and/or from the substrate after a time sufficient for effective growing and propagation of the cells.
• the method according to the present invention differs essentially from methods known in the art wherein cells are produced in a continuous process rather than the present discontinuous process.
• continuous culture systems can be employed for the production of viruses as well. Firstly cells are grown in a first bioreactor, and after a certain cell density is reached cells are fed continuously from said first bioreactor into a second bioreactor. In this second bioreactor viruses are grown on the cells and subsequently these viruses are withdrawn continuously from this second bioreactor.
• the basic method of working according to the present invention is to use a mother bioreactor from which the production bioreactor(s) is (are) fed with cells.
• cells are anchorage dependent, after each passage step cells preferably need to be detached from their substrates.
• the production cells are defined up to a specific and characterised passage number for a so- called ECB 2 .
• the method described allows high through-put production since the up scaling
• ECB Extended Cell Bank route from WCS to production cells can be very much shortened and much less bioreactors are needed since parallel production lines are not needed anymore.
• cells are expanded from one ampoule of a MWCS up to the level of the first preproduction batch through one or more passage steps.
• the size of the bioreactor used for such a preproduction batch can range from several litres working volume to several hundreds of litres.
• a part e.g. 10-20 % of the cells thus expanded e.g. passage X
• passage X a part e.g. 10-20 % of the cells thus expanded
• passage X+1 a part e.g. 10-20 % of the cells thus expanded
• the bulk of the cells is transferred (passage X or X+1) to a larger bioreactor size in order to start production directly or to first populate it, and subsequently start production.
• the maximum number of cell passages can be defined by ECB.
• Production passage number (the number of cell passages used prior to production of the biological product), hence, is irrelevant within the limits set by ECB.
• maximum number of passages is to be obeyed in view of regulatory restrictions.
• the particular batch of produces biologicals is the end product of one direct scaling up route.
• 3 MCB Master Cell Bank With the maximum passage number set one may use cells at any stage in between. From this in order to further minimise the time needed to expand the cells from the MWCS to production bioreactor it would be an advantage to enable bulk start-up of cells. This can be done for example in one of the following ways:
• Cells may be parked at a certain passage number during longer intervals at ambient temperature (17-32 °C) and be revitalised to log expansion growth by raising the temperature and changing the culture medium, or
• Cells may be frozen (Temp ⁇ -80°C) in bulk and be thawed prior to transfer them to a preset volume bioreactor, thereby reducing the needed up scaling route significantly.
• the method according to the present invention can be carried out with animal cell cultures and more in particular with anchorage dependent cells.
• Suitable types of cells are e.g. hamster cells (CHO, BHK-1), monkey cells (Vero), bovine cells (MDBK), canine cells (MDCK), human cells (CaCo, A431) or chicken cells (CEF).
• a bioreactor according to the present inventions can be used a single unit of a plurality of units of e.g. stirred fermenters, fixed bed fermenters, fluidized bed fermenters, air lift fermenters, or a hollow fibre reactors.
• Cells of the above times can and some even should be cultured when fixed to a solid support, like micro-carriers or macro-carriers in suspension, e.g. in a fixed bed, a fluidized bed or in suspension, or like hollow fibres.
• Cells can also be embedded into a carrier (e.g. porous carrier)
• cells are to be released from this solid support.
• This can be effected by any method useful for detaching of cells from a solid support.
• a proteolytic enzyme solution can be made.
• this enzymatic release step can be preceded by one or more pre-conditioning steps, e.g. by treatment with PBS and/or EDTA, in order to enhance the proteolytic efficiency, and/or in order to reduce the amount of proteolytic enzyme required.
• Anchorage dependent cells of a MDCK 4 cell line were cultured at 37 °C on Cytodex-3 micro carriers (Pharmacia, Uppsala, Sweden) (5 g of carriers/I) in a stirred bioreactor of 4 litre ("mother bioreactor")- The growth medium was EpiSerf (Life Technologies, Paisly, Scotland). Growth was continued till a maximum of 5x10 6 cells/ml of culture. The cells were detached from the carriers by trypsinisation in a Trypsin-EDTA solution ( Life Technologies, Paisly, Scotland).
• the culturing of cells was carried out as described in Example 1 , however after trypsinisation 80% of the detached cells including the carriers are transferred to the 3 production bioreactors. Additionally, suitable carriers were added to all bioreactors.
• Example 2 The culturing of cells was carried out as described in Example 1 , however, 80 % of still adhered cells were transferred to a bioreactor of similar size which next was used directly for product generation.
• the remaining cells on micro carriers in the mother fermenter were next detached by trypsinisation, where after new carriers were added and cells were allowed to repopulate the substrates.
• Frozen bulk cells (total 14.4X10 8 cells) were inoculated in a start culture in a 3 litre mother fermenter containing 5 g Cytodex per litre and EpiSerf medium, and thereafter incubated at 37
• Cells were scaled up to a large scale in 65 litre and 550 litre fermenters (50 litre and 250 litre working volume, respectively) using a micro-carrier density of 5 g Cytodex per litre. As can be seen from Table 2, 90% of the total of cells is transferred to the large scale fermenter from a 50 litre fermenter culture with 800.000 cells/ml of which 69% proved to be viable.
• culture medium (culture medium) was removed and replaced by PBS.
• the content of the fermenter was agitated for 5-15 minutes.
• the supernatant was removed after resettling of the carriers. This step can be repeated if needed.
• this step was repeated with PBS/EDTA (0.4 gram EDTA/litre PBS). Again the culture was agitated during 5-15 minutes, carriers were allowed to settle, the supernatant was removed, and the PBS/EDTA step was repeated until cells had become rounded and were ready to be trypsin-detached.
• Example 5 Analogous to Example 5, however, 80% of the culture of the carrier-bound cells were transferred from the mother bioreactor to the production bioreactor. Production was started after addition of virus.
• the 20% of cells and carriers remaining in the mother bioreactor were trypsinized and detached and upon addition of new substrate into the mother bioreactor were allowed to repopulate the mother bioreactor while production is ongoing in the physically separated production bioreactor.
• the viability after trypsin detachment was 71.4%.

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• 1998
  • 1998-12-17 ID IDW20001431A patent/ID26784A/id unknown
  • 1998-12-17 CZ CZ20002343A patent/CZ299719B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1998-12-17 SK SK965-2000A patent/SK285971B6/sk not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1998-12-17 AT AT98966693T patent/ATE356197T1/de active
  • 1998-12-17 AU AU24179/99A patent/AU758209B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1998-12-17 RU RU2000119783/13A patent/RU2230784C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1998-12-17 WO PCT/EP1998/008522 patent/WO1999033955A1/en active IP Right Grant
  • 1998-12-17 TR TR2000/01960T patent/TR200001960T2/xx unknown
  • 1998-12-17 NZ NZ505371A patent/NZ505371A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1998-12-17 CN CNB988126354A patent/CN1185339C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1998-12-17 HU HU0100538A patent/HUP0100538A3/hu not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1998-12-17 BR BR9814490-1A patent/BR9814490A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1998-12-17 EP EP98966693A patent/EP1060241B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1998-12-17 JP JP2000526613A patent/JP4478328B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1998-12-17 PT PT07103139T patent/PT1801201E/pt unknown
  • 1998-12-17 PT PT98966693T patent/PT1060241E/pt unknown
  • 1998-12-17 AT AT07103139T patent/ATE507284T1/de active
  • 1998-12-17 DK DK98966693.8T patent/DK1060241T4/da active
  • 1998-12-17 DK DK07103139.7T patent/DK1801201T3/da active
  • 1998-12-17 CA CA2316739A patent/CA2316739C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1998-12-17 ES ES07103139T patent/ES2365631T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1998-12-17 KR KR1020007007068A patent/KR100683429B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1998-12-17 EP EP07103139A patent/EP1801201B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1998-12-17 ES ES98966693T patent/ES2281148T5/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1998-12-17 IL IL13673698A patent/IL136736A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1998-12-17 DE DE69842245T patent/DE69842245D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1998-12-17 PL PL98341401A patent/PL196042B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1998-12-17 UA UA2000074455A patent/UA72732C2/uk unknown
  • 1998-12-17 DE DE69837287T patent/DE69837287T3/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 2000
  • 2000-06-21 NO NO20003215A patent/NO329385B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2001
  • 2001-03-06 HK HK01101591A patent/HK1030628A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2007
  • 2007-01-18 US US11/654,556 patent/US20070148753A1/en not_active Abandoned

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