US8897846B2 - Process for producing a connecting structure between two superconductors and structure for connecting two superconductors - Google Patents

Process for producing a connecting structure between two superconductors and structure for connecting two superconductors Download PDF

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Publication number
US8897846B2
US8897846B2 US13/499,372 US201013499372A US8897846B2 US 8897846 B2 US8897846 B2 US 8897846B2 US 201013499372 A US201013499372 A US 201013499372A US 8897846 B2 US8897846 B2 US 8897846B2
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Prior art keywords
core wires
material mixture
magnesium
joint cup
exposed ends
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US13/499,372
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US20120184446A1 (en
Inventor
Antje Drechsler
Wilfried Goldacker
Marijn Pieter Oomen
Jacob Johan Rabbers
Sonja Schlachter
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Assigned to SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT reassignment SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: OOMEN, MARIJN PIETER, DRECHSLER, ANTJE, GOLDACKER, WILFRIED, SCHLACHTER, SONJA, RABBERS, JACOB JOHAN
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/58—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation characterised by the form or material of the contacting members
    • H01R4/68—Connections to or between superconductive connectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B12/00—Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines
    • H01L39/2487—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N60/00—Superconducting devices
    • H10N60/01—Manufacture or treatment
    • H10N60/0856—Manufacture or treatment of devices comprising metal borides, e.g. MgB2
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N60/00—Superconducting devices
    • H10N60/80—Constructional details

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a connecting structure between two superconductors, in particular magnesium diboride superconductors, which comprise a superconducting core wire enclosed by normally conducting metal, and to a structure for connecting two superconductors, in particular two magnesium diboride superconductors, which comprise a superconducting core wire enclosed by normally conducting metal.
  • superconductors allows energy-saving and particularly stable operation of magnets, for example magnetic resonance magnets, having short-circuited superconducting leads (so-called persistent mode).
  • magnets for example magnetic resonance magnets
  • persistent mode the energized superconducting magnet is short-circuited through a superconductor.
  • the short-circuited magnet then forms its own current loop, in which the current can flow essentially without resistance.
  • the current source can be disconnected from the magnet, so that energy-saving operation is possible.
  • the advantage of persistent mode operation is an extremely high stability of the magnetic field, which cannot be achieved in this way even with the best current sources.
  • the short circuit is achieved by using a short-circuit switch, the so-called persistent switch.
  • the conductor ends of the magnet coil are connected by a superconducting wire which can be brought into normal conduction by heating and then has a comparatively high resistance.
  • the persistent switch When the persistent switch is in the normally conducting state, the current then flows from the current source through the superconducting coil which can be energized or de-energized in this state. Once the magnet has reached the desired field strength, it can be switched over into the persistent mode. To this end, the persistent switch is cooled and becomes superconductive, so that the magnet and the superconducting wire again form their own current loop.
  • the resistance of the contacts or connection points, by which the persistent switch is connected to the wire ends of the magnet, usually via a connecting structure, is in this case essential, so that one prerequisite for stable persistent mode operation is the possibility of producing a superconducting connection of the superconductor ends.
  • magnet systems which comprise a plurality of individually wound coils, in particular 4 or 8 coils, which are to be connected via such contacts.
  • the superconducting connecting structure may in this case be produced on the basis of magnesium diboride or on the basis of other superconductors, for example NbTi.
  • the superconducting connecting structure should have a current-carrying capacity which is as high as possible, in order not to become the limiting element for current operation.
  • the contact surfaces between the wire ends and the connecting structure must have a high connectivity and therefore be transmissive for high super-currents.
  • the inventors propose a method in which a substance which lowers the melting temperature of magnesium is admixed to a material mixture of magnesium and boron and the exposed ends of the core wires are brought in contact with the material mixture, which is made to react with magnesium diboride in situ at a reaction temperature corresponding to the lower melting temperature.
  • a substance which lowers the melting temperature of magnesium it is thus proposed to use a substance which lowers the melting temperature of magnesium.
  • a metal in particular copper and/or silver, may preferably be used as the substance, copper being particularly preferred.
  • the substance may be mixed in at from 1 to 20 wt %, in particular 10 wt %.
  • the melting temperature of magnesium which is normally 650° C., being a measure of the temperatures at which the reaction to form magnesium diboride begins in the furnace, is accordingly lowered as known per se by the substance which lowers the melting temperature of magnesium, so that the reaction can take place in situ at a lower temperature compared with the related art. In this way, the temperature at which the reaction occurs can be lowered, for example, by 20-30° C.
  • the superconductor wire, in particular the core wire can thereby be subjected to less detrimental effects and the degradation due to heat treatment is reduced, which leads to better contact.
  • the method is suitable, in particular, for use in a magnet manufacturing process, for example to form a persistent switch.
  • a mechanically alloyed powder may in this case be used as the material mixture.
  • the process of mechanical alloying (MA) is known per se and may of course already be used when admixing the substance.
  • the various materials i.e. in this case particularly magnesium, boron and the substance that lowers the melting temperature of magnesium—are mixed by a ball mill operated at high speed, in particular with planetary gearing, during the mechanical alloying. Larger grains are thereby broken up and, in particular, a partial reaction already takes place, which will be discussed in more detail below. An extremely homogeneous material mixture can thus be obtained, in which the reaction temperature is uniformly lowered throughout.
  • At least one further additive may be added to the material mixture.
  • An additive which improves the pinning and/or increases the current-carrying capacity and/or increases the critical field and/or retards the lowering of the critical temperature and/or binds oxygen may be used as the additive.
  • a metal and/or a compound containing carbon and/or carbon and/or a boride may be used as the additive, silicon carbide (SiC) and/or calcium hexaboride (CaB 6 ) being particularly suitable.
  • Silicon carbide, especially nano-silicon carbide has proven to be an outstanding additive for magnesium diboride.
  • a material mixture additionally comprising magnesium diboride particles may be used.
  • magnesium diboride particles there are then already reacted magnesium diboride components in the material mixture.
  • an effect may for example already be achievable during the mechanical alloying, as explained above. It can be shown that owing to the presence of already reacted magnesium diboride, the entry of normally conducting metal which surrounds the superconducting core wire into the contact material can be restricted, as can the loss of magnesium which enters the normally conducting metal. It should be pointed out that this magnesium loss effect may additionally or alternatively also be compensated for by deviating from the 1:2 mixing ratio for magnesium and boron with an increased magnesium component, for example by rate using a ratio of 1.15:2 or the like. In any event, however, the presence of already reacted magnesium diboride in the material mixture will reduce the entry of further normally conducting metal which otherwise would detrimentally affect the properties of the connecting structure.
  • the ends of the core wires may be exposed by grinding.
  • the grinding tool may be gradually changed from coarse to fine tools.
  • a grinding material should be used which as far as possible leaves no residues on the ground end.
  • the grinding process may preferably be carried out slowly, in order to avoid development of heat.
  • a further improvement in terms of the processing of the superconductors themselves is obtained if the superconductors are fixed in position when the ends of their core wires are being exposed, particularly in at least a part of a “joint cup” in which the subsequent reaction of the magnesium and the boron to form magnesium diboride takes place.
  • a joint cup is provided which may, for example, be formed of metals or a metal alloy and at a particular time during the method is filled with the material mixture so that the latter can react in it.
  • the joint cup is closed by a screwable cap in such a way that the material mixture contained in it is already significantly compressed, so that air pockets and inhomogeneities are avoided as far as possible.
  • the superconductors may thus already be fixed in this joint cup in order to expose the ends of the core wires, i.e. the contact surfaces.
  • the ends are thus prepared in situ, consequently no longer have to be moved and can, in particular, be kept substantially compressed and immobile.
  • the mechanical load on the superconductor, in particular the relevant end of the core wire is in this case minimized so that degradation can be avoided.
  • the contact surface on the ends of the core wires may be exposed at an angle to the cross-sectional plane of the core wires. In this way, a larger contact area can be produced, so that it is possible to achieve a better contact, a lower resistance and a greater current-carrying capacity.
  • the material mixture may be introduced into a joint cup into which the ends of the core wires extend, and in which the material mixture is compressed before the reaction. Then, in a particularly advantageous configuration, before the ends of their core wires are exposed in a wall of the joint cup, the superconductors may be introduced into this wall, obliquely thereto, and fixed there. In this way, particularly during the grinding, a large contact area is created and the mechanical load on the wires is reduced.
  • the superconductors' ends to be connected may be introduced, with the material mixture arranged between them, particularly in a joint cup, into a furnace in which there is a protective gas atmosphere, in particular under positive pressure.
  • a protective gas atmosphere in particular under positive pressure.
  • the protective gas is under positive pressure, then in fact it flows continuously out of the furnace past the superconductor wire ends so that no air, which entails the risk of the highly reactive magnesium reacting, can enter the furnace.
  • the reaction therefore takes place entirely in the protective gas atmosphere without a vacuum-tight furnace being required.
  • the inventors also propose a structure for connecting two superconductors, in particular two magnesium diboride superconductors, which comprise a superconducting core wire enclosed by normally conducting metal, which structure is produced by the method.
  • the corresponding ends of the superconductors are therefore connected by an in-situ reaction of a material mixture which, besides magnesium and boron, also contains a substance that lowers the melting temperature of magnesium, so that the reaction can take place at a lower temperature.
  • a material mixture which, besides magnesium and boron, also contains a substance that lowers the melting temperature of magnesium, so that the reaction can take place at a lower temperature.
  • FIG. 1 shows a connecting structure according to one embodiment on the inventors' proposals
  • FIG. 2 shows the use of the connecting structure according to one embodiment of the inventor' proposals to form a persistent switch in a superconducting magnet.
  • FIG. 1 shows an outline diagram of the connecting structure 1 which is used to connect two superconductors 2 , in the present case in order to form a persistent switch for the persistent mode of a magnet.
  • the connecting structure is thus intended to be used in an environment in which fields greater than 0.5 T prevail and/or the temperature is more than 10 K.
  • the superconductors comprise a superconducting core wire 3 , in the present case formed of magnesium diboride, which is enclosed by a cladding of a normally conducting metal 4 .
  • a plurality of core wires may also be provided.
  • the diagram in the figure merely represents an outline diagram which may be modified in respect of the arrangement of the superconductors 2 etc.
  • the ends 5 are fixed obliquely in a joint cup 7 , so that the contact surfaces 6 are exposed to the interior of the joint cup 7 .
  • the conductors 2 are also formed with a size larger than the actual cross section of the core wire 3 .
  • the joint cup 7 which may moreover be formed of steel, comprises a lower cup part 8 and a cap 9 , which can be fastened with screws 10 in order to form the joint cup 7 so that a material mixture 11 arranged in the joint cup 7 can be compressed before the reaction, as will be discussed in more detail below with reference to the production method.
  • the joint cup may also be formed of another metal which has a higher thermal expansion coefficient than MgB 2 . Cooling to the working temperature therefore leads to compression of the material mixture and thus the necessary mechanical stability.
  • the material mixture 11 exists as a reacted material mixture 11 , which means that magnesium diboride forms the corresponding conductive connection between the contact surfaces 6 .
  • the connecting structure 1 has the particularly advantageous properties already discussed above, especially in respect of the current-carrying capacity and the contact quality since, for production, a material mixture 11 has been used which comprises a substance that lowers the melting temperature of magnesium.
  • the ends 5 are first prepared, preferably under a protective atmosphere.
  • the ends 5 are first fixed in the lower cup part 8 , after which, as shown, they are ground obliquely so that the enlarged contact area 6 is obtained.
  • the superconductors 2 are already kept fixed in the lower cup part.
  • the ends 5 are prepared by grinding, with development of heat being avoided and a transition being made from coarser grinding tools to finer grinding tools. Non-damaging preparation is thus possible.
  • the as yet unreacted material mixture 11 is prepared. This is done in the present case by mechanical alloying. Magnesium and boron, here in a ratio of 1.15:2, are mixed together with copper as the substance that lowers the melting temperature of magnesium, copper being provided at 10 wt %.
  • the substances of the material mixture 11 are mixed by a ball mill with planetary gearing, which is operated at high speed. Initial magnesium diboride particles are in this case already formed by reaction, which then likewise form a part of the material mixture. It is, however, also conceivable to add magnesium diboride particles in another way.
  • silicon carbide which improves the pinning properties, the critical field and further properties of this type, as well as calcium hexaboride which binds oxygen, are provided as further additives. These extra additives are likewise added to the material mixture 11 .
  • the lower cup part 8 is then filled with the material mixture 11 , where it is then compressed by applying the cap 9 and screwing it on.
  • the material mixture 11 prepared in this way in the joint cup 7 is then introduced into a furnace, in which there is a protective gas atmosphere under positive pressure. Protective gas therefore flows constantly past the emerging superconductors and prevents ingress of air.
  • the material mixture 11 is reacted in the furnace, magnesium diboride being formed from magnesium and boron. This can take place at a lower temperature than usual, since the melting point of the magnesium has been lowered by adding copper, so that for example the material mixture can be left at about 620° C. in the furnace for 15 minutes.
  • the heating and cooling processes can in this case take place slowly, in order to avoid degradation resulting therefrom.
  • FIG. 2 shows a possible use of the connecting structure 1 to form a persistent switch 12 for a superconducting magnet 13 .
  • Both the persistent switch 12 and the magnet 13 comprise magnesium diboride superconductors 2 . They are connected by the connecting structure 1 .
  • the magnet 13 can initially be energized by a current source 14 so long as the superconductor 2 of the persistent switch 12 is normally conductive, which is achieved by a heating device 15 . Once the persistent switch 12 has become superconductive again, a closed current loop is formed and operation in “persistent mode” is possible and the current source 14 can be deactivated.
US13/499,372 2009-09-30 2010-09-29 Process for producing a connecting structure between two superconductors and structure for connecting two superconductors Expired - Fee Related US8897846B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009043580 2009-09-30
DE102009043580.8A DE102009043580B4 (de) 2009-09-30 2009-09-30 Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Verbindungsstruktur zwischen zwei Supraleitern und Struktur zur Verbindung zweier Supraleiter
DE102009043580.8 2009-09-30
PCT/EP2010/064415 WO2011039223A1 (de) 2009-09-30 2010-09-29 Verfahren zur herstellung einer verbindungsstruktur zwischen zwei supraleitern und struktur zur verbindung zweier supraleiter

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US20120184446A1 US20120184446A1 (en) 2012-07-19
US8897846B2 true US8897846B2 (en) 2014-11-25

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EP (1) EP2483968A1 (ko)
JP (1) JP5518203B2 (ko)
KR (1) KR101370146B1 (ko)
CN (1) CN102598417B (ko)
CA (1) CA2775830C (ko)
DE (1) DE102009043580B4 (ko)
WO (1) WO2011039223A1 (ko)

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US9837190B2 (en) 2012-01-20 2017-12-05 Siemens Healthcare Limited Methods for forming joints between magnesium diboride conductors
US9991437B2 (en) 2013-11-27 2018-06-05 Siemens Plc Method for forming a superconducting connection structure and superconducting connection structure
US10510484B2 (en) 2014-04-04 2019-12-17 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Forming an electrical coil device by cutting a strip conductor winding into at least two partial coils

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DE102009043580B4 (de) 2009-09-30 2017-01-12 Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Verbindungsstruktur zwischen zwei Supraleitern und Struktur zur Verbindung zweier Supraleiter
FR2992242A1 (fr) * 2012-06-25 2013-12-27 Centre Nat Rech Scient Procede de soudure de pieces en materiau supraconducteur intermetallique de type mgb2
WO2015015627A1 (ja) * 2013-08-02 2015-02-05 株式会社 日立製作所 超電導マグネット及びその製造方法
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9837190B2 (en) 2012-01-20 2017-12-05 Siemens Healthcare Limited Methods for forming joints between magnesium diboride conductors
US9991437B2 (en) 2013-11-27 2018-06-05 Siemens Plc Method for forming a superconducting connection structure and superconducting connection structure
US10510484B2 (en) 2014-04-04 2019-12-17 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Forming an electrical coil device by cutting a strip conductor winding into at least two partial coils

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CN102598417B (zh) 2015-11-25
CA2775830A1 (en) 2011-04-07
CA2775830C (en) 2015-01-13
KR20120050503A (ko) 2012-05-18
DE102009043580B4 (de) 2017-01-12
CN102598417A (zh) 2012-07-18
JP2013506946A (ja) 2013-02-28
WO2011039223A1 (de) 2011-04-07
US20120184446A1 (en) 2012-07-19
DE102009043580A1 (de) 2011-04-14
JP5518203B2 (ja) 2014-06-11
KR101370146B1 (ko) 2014-03-04

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