JP2008091325A - ＭｇＢ２を含有する超伝導素子 - Google Patents
ＭｇＢ２を含有する超伝導素子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2008091325A JP2008091325A JP2007219934A JP2007219934A JP2008091325A JP 2008091325 A JP2008091325 A JP 2008091325A JP 2007219934 A JP2007219934 A JP 2007219934A JP 2007219934 A JP2007219934 A JP 2007219934A JP 2008091325 A JP2008091325 A JP 2008091325A
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- powder
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- superconducting device
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- 229910020073 MgB2 Inorganic materials 0.000 title 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- PZKRHHZKOQZHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [B].[B].[Mg] Chemical compound [B].[B].[Mg] PZKRHHZKOQZHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052580 B4C Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 2
- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical compound B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910019018 Mg 2 Si Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910016006 MoSi Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002071 nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001257 Nb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001362 Ta alloys Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000792 Monel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004482 other powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicide(4-) Chemical compound [Si-4] FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
【課題】二ホウ化マグネシウム（＝ＭｇＢ２）を含有する超伝導素子を提供すること。
【解決手段】この超電導素子は、金属マトリックス（２）に密閉されかつ少なくとも１つの高導電性オーム素子（４）も有する５〜５００ミクロンの大きさの少なくとも１つの超伝導フィラメント（１）を備え、超伝導フィラメントは、マトリックス（２）及び導電性オーム素子（４）から保護金属層（３）によって分離され、超伝導フィラメントは、ホウ素（Ｂ）粉末及びマグネシウム（Ｍｇ）粉末と第１の添加剤としての炭化ホウ素（＝Ｂ４Ｃ）粉末との間の反応によって形成され、１つ又は複数の追加の炭素含有粉末添加剤が、Ｍｇ、Ｂ及びＢ４Ｃを含む粉末混合物の反応で存在することを特徴とする。ＭｇＢ２に対する粉末混合物の反応は、５００〜７６０℃の温度で行われ、７６０℃以下の温度で臨界電流密度Ｊｃが最大になる。
【選択図】図１
【解決手段】この超電導素子は、金属マトリックス（２）に密閉されかつ少なくとも１つの高導電性オーム素子（４）も有する５〜５００ミクロンの大きさの少なくとも１つの超伝導フィラメント（１）を備え、超伝導フィラメントは、マトリックス（２）及び導電性オーム素子（４）から保護金属層（３）によって分離され、超伝導フィラメントは、ホウ素（Ｂ）粉末及びマグネシウム（Ｍｇ）粉末と第１の添加剤としての炭化ホウ素（＝Ｂ４Ｃ）粉末との間の反応によって形成され、１つ又は複数の追加の炭素含有粉末添加剤が、Ｍｇ、Ｂ及びＢ４Ｃを含む粉末混合物の反応で存在することを特徴とする。ＭｇＢ２に対する粉末混合物の反応は、５００〜７６０℃の温度で行われ、７６０℃以下の温度で臨界電流密度Ｊｃが最大になる。
【選択図】図１
Description
本発明は、超伝導素子及びその製造方法に関する。
超伝導素子は、二ホウ化マグネシウム（＝ＭｇＢ２）を含有する。
臨界電流密度が高い超伝導素子及びその製造方法を提供する。
本発明の超伝導素子は、金属マトリックス２に密閉されかつ高導電性素子４も有する１０〜１，０００ミクロンの大きさのフィラメント線１を備えるモノフィラメント線又はマルチフィラメント線であって、超伝導素子は、マトリックス２及び導電性素子４から保護金属層３によって分離されている。
モノフィラメント線又はマルチフィラメント線の変形は、標準的なスウェージング加工、引抜き加工又は圧延加工の後で生じる。
超伝導フィラメントは、変形の最後に、主成分がホウ素（Ｂ）及びマグネシウム（Ｍｇ）である粒径５ｎｍ〜５ミクロンの様々な粉末からなる粉末混合物の間の反応によってワイヤに形成される。
ただ１つの粉末添加剤を共用するのとは対照的に、本発明は、Ｍｇ及びＢへの複数の粉末添加剤に関する新しい方法を導入して、様々な添加剤粉末タイプの間の相互作用により、ワイヤの臨界電流密度に好ましい影響を与える可能性のある新しい状態にする。
Ｂ４Ｃが、１つ又は複数の他の粉末添加剤に加えて第１の添加剤粉末として選択され、すべて炭素を含有している。
第２又は第３の添加剤の選択は、臨界電流密度Ｊｃが７６０℃以下での反応で最大になることを特徴とする。この反応は、５００〜７６０℃の温度で１つ又は複数のステップで起こりうる。添加剤のそれぞれは、Ｘ線回折によって検出されるようなＭｇＢ２構造内の溶解炭素の量を高めるのに個々に寄与する。
Ｂ４Ｃ以外の炭素含有添加剤のうちの少なくとも１つは、化合物ＳｉＣ、Ｍｏ２Ｃ、ＷＣ、ＶＣ、ＴａＣ、ＴｉＣ、ＺｒＣ、ＮｂＣの中から選択されうる２元、３元又は４元化合物である。Ｂ４Ｃと、Ｂ４Ｃへの追加の添加剤の総和との比は、１５：１〜１：１５の範囲である。
Ｂ４Ｃ以外の添加剤のうちの少なくとも１つは、ナノチューブ又はダイヤモンドを含む元素形態の炭素、炭酸塩又は炭水化物、化合物（Ｒ．Ｅ．）Ｃ２又は（Ｌａ１−ｘＭｘ）Ｃ３、ただしｘ＝Ｌｕ、Ｓｃ、Ｔｈ、Ｙ、あるいは黒鉛層間化合物のうちの１つである。
Ｂ４Ｃ粉末ならびに他の添加剤粉末は、５ｎｍ〜５ミクロンの粒子サイズを有し、Ｂ４Ｃ粉末及び他の添加剤粉末は、元の粉末混合物に同時に導入され、Ｂ４Ｃの含有量とこれらの添加剤のそれぞれの含有量は、ＭｇＢ２に対して０．１〜１５重量％であり、Ｂ４Ｃを含むすべての添加剤の総和は、ＭｇＢ２に対して１〜２０重量％であり、最初のマグネシウム粉末とホウ素粉末との比Ｍｇ：Ｂは、１：２〜０．８：２．２とすることができる。
本発明の特定のポイントは、Ｂ４Ｃへの追加の粉末が、無炭素材料の粉末の中から、すなわち、マグネシウム基化合物（Ｍｇ２Ｃｅ、Ｍｇ２Ｃｕ、Ｍｇ２Ｇａ及びＭｇ２Ｓｉ）、又はホウ化物（ＭｇＢ４、Ｍｏ２Ｂ５、Ｍｏ３Ｂ４、ＭｏＢ、ＷＢ２、Ｗ２Ｂ５、ＨｆＢ、ＺｒＢ２、ＴａＢ２、Ｔａ３Ｂ４、ＴｉＢ２、ＮｂＢ２、ＶＢ２、ＵＢ２、ＲｕＢ２、ＣｒＢ２、ＢａＢ６、（Ｒ．Ｅ．）Ｂ６、（Ｒ．Ｅ．）Ｂ１２（ただし、Ｒ．Ｅ．は希土類元素））、又はシリサイド（ＭｏＳｉ２、Ｍｏ３Ｓｉ、ＷＳｉ２）、又は窒化物（Ｓｉ３Ｎ４、ＢＮ、ＡｌＮ）、ならびに（ＲＥ）２Ｏ３タイプの酸化物（ただし、ＲＥ＝Ｌａ、Ｃｅ、Ｐｒ、Ｎｄ、Ｓｍ、Ｅｕ、Ｇｄ、Ｔｂ、Ｄｙ、Ｈｏ、Ｅｒ、Ｔｍ、Ｙｂ、Ｌｕ）、又はＡｌ２Ｏ３、Ｖ２Ｏ５、Ｎｂ２Ｏ５、Ｔａ２Ｏ５、ＳｉＯ２、ＨｆＯ、ＺｒＯ、ＭｇＯ、ＺｒＭｏ２Ｏ８、ＺｒＷ２Ｏ８、Ｙ２（ＷＯ４）３、Ａｌ２ＴｉＯ５、Ｔｉ２ＢａＭｇＯ４、ＳｎＯ２、ＮｂＯ２、ＢａＣＯ３、最後に単一金属元素（Ｎｂ、Ｔａ、Ｖ、Ｍｏ、Ｗ、Ｔｉ、Ｚｒ及びＨｆ）の中から選択されうるということである。
化合物ＭｇＢ２は、Ｔｃ＝３９Ｋで超伝導転移を示すことが知られている。この化合物をベースとする超伝導線又は超電導テープを、Ｆｅ、Ｎｉ、Ｎｂ、Ｔｉ、モネル又はステンレス鋼のいずれかからなる金属マトリックスの中に製作することについて記述している膨大な量の論文がある。これらのマトリックス材料は電気抵抗が高すぎるので、ワイヤ構成の熱安定化には、一定量の高導電Ｃｕも含まれる。この安定化Ｃｕ（Ｃｕ ｓｔａｂｉｌｉｚｅｒ）は、Ｎｂ、Ｔａ、Ｔｉ又は工業用合金ＮｂＴｉからなる超電導フィラメントから保護層によって分離される。
ＭｇＢ２をベースとするモノフィラメント線及びマルチフィラメント線は、多くの研究所で製作されており、今日ではｋｍ長のものが既に入手可能である。本発明の範囲は、これらの導体の幅広い応用のために必須の臨界電流密度の値を高めることである。
ＭｇＢ２線の超伝導通電能力の進展に伴い、２００１年におけるその発見以来、この化合物がいくつかの特定のケースでＮｂＴｉ又はＮｂ３Ｓｎの可能な代用と見なされうるかどうかという疑問が生じている。ＭｇＢ２に関する積極的な論点が、
＊その高い転移温度、
＊その弱結合（ｗｅａｋ−ｌｉｎｋ）のない性質、
＊低い材料コスト、及び
＊小さな異方性である。
＊その高い転移温度、
＊その弱結合（ｗｅａｋ−ｌｉｎｋ）のない性質、
＊低い材料コスト、及び
＊小さな異方性である。
＊ＭｇＢ２の出現は、約２０Ｋの温度でのＭＲＩ磁石ならびに２ＫでのＮＭＲ磁石のための中間磁場挿入物として、工学的応用例の有望な候補である。
しかし、超伝導パラメータ、特にＢｃ２値（上部臨界磁場）、Ｂｉｒｒ値（不可逆磁場、これを超えると超伝導電流を伝えることはできない）及びＪｃ値（臨界電流密度）のさらなる向上が必要である。
原則として、開発は、個別用途に対応する温度条件及び磁場条件で測定される最大限のＪｃ値を得るために行われなければならない。
本発明は、現場における方法によるＭｇＢ２線とＭｇＢ２テープの製作が中心である。モノフィラメント線の場合、この方法は、マグネシウム粉末及びホウ素粉末を混合し、それらを金属缶（Ｆｅ、Ｎｉ又はＮｉ合金、Ｔｉ又はＴｉ合金、ステンレス鋼）の中に充填し、それらをワイヤ（直径０．６〜１．２ｍｍ）又はテープ（典型的サイズは４×０．３ｍｍ２）に変形させるものである。工業用マルチフィラメント線又はテープの場合、このプロセスは、１つの中間バンドリングステップと、それに続く０．６〜１．２ｍｍの同一最終サイズに変形させるステップとを含む。熱安定化のための基準を満たすために、金属缶はまた、１つ又は複数の高導電Ｃｕの細長い素子も含むことができる。
ＭｇＢ２の相は、５００〜７６０℃の温度での反応によって２分〜数時間の間に形成されうる。粉末混合物と金属缶との反応時の相互作用を防止するために、これらの要素は、Ｎｂ、Ｔａ又はＴｉからなりうる保護バリヤによって分離される。
臨界電流密度を高めるための条件であるＭｇＢ２粒子サイズを縮小するためには、工業用ＭｇＢ２線における添加剤との反応が、常に７６０℃未満のできるだけ低い温度のときに起こるべきである。この温度は、Ｂ４Ｃを含有する最適化されたＭｇＢ２線について報告されている反応温度よりも低い。Ｂ４Ｃ添加剤に対する８５０℃の反応温度が、Ｓｕｐｅｒｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｉｎｇ Ｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ ａｎｄ Ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ、１８（２００５）１３２３において、Ａ．Ｙａｍａｍｏｔｏ、Ｊ．Ｓｈｉｍｏｙａｍａ、Ｓ．Ｕｅｄａ、Ｉ．Ｉｗａｙａｍａ、Ｓ．Ｈｏｒｉｉ、Ｋ．Ｋｉｓｈｉｏによって使用された。
１．Ｂ４Ｃ添加剤を有するワイヤに対する８００℃の温度が、ｃｏｎｄ−ｍａｔ．０６０７０７３、２００６年６月（ａｒＸｉｖ．ｏｒｇ＞ｃｏｎｄ−ｍａｔ＞ｃｏｎｄ−ｍａｔ．ｓｕｐｒ−ｃｏｎ）において、Ｐ．Ｌｅｚｚａ、Ｃ．Ｓｅｎａｔｏｒｅ及びＲ．Ｆｌｕｋｉｇｅｒによって報告されている。これらの著者は、最適化Ｊｃ値を得るには低すぎた７２０℃での反応について説明している。その文献には８００℃未満でのホウ素、マグネシウム及びＢ４Ｃの最適化反応については示されていない。
本発明は、少なくとも一方が炭素を含有する少なくとも２つの添加剤を使用することについて初めて記述する。この新しい方法は、ＭｇＢ２に様々な添加剤を組み合わせることによって改善された新しいソースを作り出し、したがって特性を高めて単一添加剤によって得られるようにするものである。
追加添加剤の利点の１つは、様々な添加剤の間の反応を促進して分解をもたらし、したがって反応温度の低下をもたらすことである。これは、炭素含有添加剤にも無炭素添加剤にも有効である。この効果は、１つ又は複数の追加添加剤の分解温度がＢ４Ｃ添加剤との最適化反応温度よりも低い場合でも強化される。
追加添加剤の第２の利点は、ＭｇＢ２相中の炭素量を、別々に加えられた添加剤のそれぞれの量の値を上回る値に増大させることである。
ＭｇＢ２格子において炭素又は他の元素に置換することの利点は、電気抵抗率すなわち所与の磁場での臨界電流密度を高めることである。確かにＭｇＢ２相は、Ｔｃよりもわずかに高い温度で非常に低い値の正常状態の電気抵抗率ρ０を有する高次状態（「クリーン（ｃｌｅａｎ）」リミット）になる。添加剤の存在によって引き起こされる置換は、ρ０の値を高め、それによって臨界磁場を高める。これは、ＭｇＢ２にナノメートルサイズのＳｉＣ粉末を加えた後でＪｃが高まることを初めて報告したＤｏｕらの論文（Ｓ．Ｘ．Ｄｏｕ、Ｓ．Ｓｏｌｔａｎｉａｎ、Ｓ．Ｈｏｒｖａｔ、Ｘ．Ｌ．Ｗａｎｇ、Ｓ．Ｈ．Ｚｈｏｕ、Ｍ．Ｉｏｎｅｓｃｕ、Ｈ．Ｋ．Ｌｉｕ、Ｐ．Ｍｕｎｒｏｅ、Ｍ．Ｔｏｍｓｉｃ、Ａｐｐｌｉｅｄ Ｐｈｙｓｉｃｓ Ｌｅｔｔｅｒｓ、８１（２００２）３４１９）から得られる。
このことはまた、ＭｇＢ２にナノメートルサイズの炭素を加えたＲｉｂｅｉｒｏの研究（Ｒ．Ａ．Ｒｉｂｅｉｒｏ、Ｓ．Ｌ．Ｂｕｄ’ｋｏ、Ｃ．Ｐｅｔｒｏｖｉｃ、Ｐ．Ｃ．Ｃａｎｆｉｅｌｄ、Ｐｈｙｓｉｃａ Ｃ ３８４（２００３）２２７）によっても実証されている。
追加添加剤の第３の利点は、様々な機構を組み合わせて、それらの効果をＪｃの補助的な改善に付加することが期待できることである。炭素の置換に加えて可能な機構としては、
＊マグネシウムの置換、
＊反応時の粉末の高密度化、
＊二次相形成の低減、
＊粒界での転移形成の促進、又は
＊ＭｇＢ２粒子のサイズ及び領域の縮小がある。
＊マグネシウムの置換、
＊反応時の粉末の高密度化、
＊二次相形成の低減、
＊粒界での転移形成の促進、又は
＊ＭｇＢ２粒子のサイズ及び領域の縮小がある。
＊ＭｇＢ２線の輸送臨界電流密度Ｊｃの改善が、Ｐ．Ｌｅｚｚａらによって得られ（Ｐ．Ｌｅｚｚａ、Ｃ．Ｓｅｎａｔｏｒｅ及びＲ．Ｆｌｕｋｉｇｅｒ、ｃｏｎｄ．ｍａｔ．０６０７０７３、２００６年６月）、Ｆｅマトリックスの直径１．１１ｍｍのワイヤの場合、１０重量％のＢ４Ｃ粉末の追加後に８００℃での反応の後、４．２Ｋ及び９ＴでＪｃ値１×１０４Ａ／ｃｍ２が得られた。ＭｇとＢの出発混合体は、サブミクロンサイズのＢ４Ｃでドープされ、比率は、１０重量％Ｂ４Ｃに対応するＭｇ：Ｂ：Ｂ４Ｃ＝１：２：０．０８であった。Ｔ＞８００℃では、Ｆｅシースとの反応によるＪｃの低下が見られた。最高８００℃での熱処理で輸送特性が改善する原因を調べるために、Ｘ線回折測定が行われた。文献のデータと比較すると、Ｂ４Ｃ粉末の追加が、これまで報告されているＪｃの中でＳｉＣに次いで２番目に高い改善につながり、したがって今後の用途の代替となることが分かる。
本発明は、最近の研究（Ｐ．Ｌｅｚｚａ、Ｃ．Ｓｅｎａｔｏｒｅ及びＲ．Ｆｌｕｋｉｇｅｒ、ｃｏｎｄ．ｍａｔ．０６０７０７３、２００６年６月）の後でさらなる予期せぬステップを構成し、このステップでは、ＭｇＢ２線に１０重量％Ｂ４Ｃを加えて、９．６Ｔ及び４．２ＫでＪｃを最高１×１０４Ａ／ｃｍ２まで高めた。第２の添加剤ＳｉＣを加えることにより、組成物７．５重量％Ｂ４Ｃ＋２．５重量％ＳｉＣでは１．６Ｔ高い１１．２Ｔで同じ値を現在得ている。さらに高まることが期待される。
反応後、最初の添加剤の性質は、元素分析と、格子定数の値と、超伝導フィラメントに存在する追加の相とによって同定されうる。
特に本発明の範囲には、超伝導素子（線又はテープ）を構成する部分が、同封の図面の特徴に従ったものであることを特徴とする、上述のプロセスによって製造された超伝導素子がある。上述の実施形態は、網羅的列挙として理解されるべきでないが、本発明を説明するための例示的な特徴を有する。
１ フィラメント
２ 金属マトリックス
３ 保護金属層
４ 高導電素子、安定化Ｃｕ
２ 金属マトリックス
３ 保護金属層
４ 高導電素子、安定化Ｃｕ
Claims (15)
- 二ホウ化マグネシウム（＝ＭｇＢ２）を含有する超伝導素子であって、
金属マトリックス（２）に密閉されかつ少なくとも１つの高導電性オーム素子（４）も有する５〜５００ミクロンの大きさの少なくとも１つの超伝導フィラメント（１）を備え、
前記超伝導フィラメントが、前記マトリックス（２）及び前記導電性オーム素子（４）から保護金属層（３）によって分離され、前記超伝導フィラメントが、ホウ素（Ｂ）粉末及びマグネシウム（Ｍｇ）粉末と第１の添加剤としての炭化ホウ素（＝Ｂ４Ｃ）粉末との間の反応によって形成され、
１つ又は複数の追加の炭素含有粉末添加剤が、前記Ｍｇ、Ｂ及びＢ４Ｃを含む粉末混合物の前記反応で存在することを特徴とする超伝導素子。 - Ｂ４Ｃの量と、Ｂ４Ｃへの追加の添加剤の総和の量との比が、１５：１〜１：１５の範囲であることを特徴とする、請求項１記載の超伝導素子。
- 前記追加の添加剤のうちの少なくとも１つが、特にＳｉＣ、Ｍｏ２Ｃ、ＷＣ、ＶＣ、ＴａＣ、ＴｉＣ、ＺｒＣ、ＮｂＣをベースとする２元、３元又は４元化合物であることを特徴とする、請求項１又は２記載の超伝導素子。
- 前記追加の添加剤のうちの少なくとも１つが、元素形態の炭素、特にナノチューブ又はダイヤモンドであることを特徴とする、請求項１乃至３のいずれか１項に記載の超伝導素子。
- 前記追加の添加剤のうちの少なくとも１つが、炭素塩又は炭水化物であることを特徴とする、請求項１乃至４のいずれか１項に記載の超伝導素子。
- 前記追加の添加剤のうちの少なくとも１つが、化合物（Ｒ．Ｅ．）Ｃ２又は（Ｌａ１−ｘＭｘ）Ｃ３、ただしｘ＝Ｌｕ、Ｓｃ、Ｔｈ、Ｙ、あるいは黒鉛層間化合物のうちの１つであることを特徴とする、請求項１乃至５のいずれか１項に記載の超伝導素子。
- 前記Ｂ４Ｃ粉末ならびに前記追加の添加剤粉末が、５ｎｍ〜５μｍの大きさの粒子からなることを特徴とする、請求項１乃至６のいずれか１項に記載の超伝導素子。
- Ｂ４Ｃ粉末の含有量と前記追加の添加剤のそれぞれの含有量が、ＭｇＢ２の含有量に対して０．１〜１５重量％であることを特徴とする、請求項１乃至７のいずれか１項に記載の超伝導素子。
- Ｂ４Ｃを含むすべての添加剤の総和が、ＭｇＢ２の含有量に対して１〜２０重量％であることを特徴とする、請求項１乃至８のいずれか１項に記載の超伝導素子。
- 最初の前記マグネシウム粉末と前記ホウ素粉末との比Ｍｇ：Ｂが、１：２〜０．８：２．２である、請求項１乃至９のいずれか１項に記載の超伝導素子。
- 少なくとも１つの無炭素添加剤が、前記Ｍｇ、Ｂ及びＢ４Ｃを含む粉末混合物の前記反応で存在すること、具体的には、前記無炭素添加剤が、Ｍｇ２Ｃｅ、Ｍｇ２Ｃｕ、Ｍｇ２Ｇａ及びＭｇ２Ｓｉをベースとする２元、３元又は４元Ｍｇ基化合物を含むこと、及び／又は、前記無炭素添加剤が、ＭｇＢ４、Ｍｏ２Ｂ５、Ｍｏ３Ｂ４、ＭｏＢ、ＷＢ２、Ｗ２Ｂ５、ＨｆＢ、ＺｒＢ２、ＴａＢ２、Ｔａ３Ｂ４、ＴｉＢ２、ＮｂＢ２、ＶＢ２、ＵＢ２、ＲｕＢ２、ＣｒＢ２、ＢａＢ６、（Ｒ．Ｅ．）Ｂ６、（Ｒ．Ｅ．）Ｂ１２、ただしＲ．Ｅ．は希土類元素をベースとする２元、３元又は４元化合物を含むこと、及び／又は、前記無炭素添加剤が、ＭｏＳｉ２、Ｍｏ３Ｓｉ、ＷＳｉ２をベースとする２元、３元又は４元化合物を含むこと、及び／又は、前記無炭素添加剤が、Ｓｉ３Ｎ４、ＢＮ、Ｚｎ（ＣＮ）２、ＡｌＮをベースとする２元、３元又は４元化合物を含むこと、及び／又は、前記無炭素添加剤が、（ＲＥ）２Ｏ３、ただしＲＥ＝Ｌａ、Ｃｅ、Ｐｒ、Ｎｄ、Ｓｍ、Ｅｕ、Ｇｄ、Ｔｂ、Ｄｙ、Ｈｏ、Ｅｒ、Ｔｍ、Ｙｂ、Ｌｕ、をベースとする２元、３元又は４元化合物、又は酸化物Ａｌ２Ｏ３、Ｖ２Ｏ５、Ｎｂ２Ｏ５、Ｔａ２Ｏ５、ＳｉＯ２、ＨｆＯ、ＺｒＯ、ＭｇＯ、ＺｒＭｏ２Ｏ８、ＺｒＷ２Ｏ８、Ｙ２（ＷＯ４）３、Ａｌ２ＴｉＯ５、Ｔｉ２ＢａＭｇＯ４、ＳｎＯ２、ＮｂＯ２、ＢａＣＯ３のうちの１つを含むこと、及び／又は、前記無炭素添加剤が、単一金属元素Ｎｂ、Ｔａ、Ｖ、Ｍｏ、Ｗ、Ｔｉ、Ｚｒ及びＨｆを含むことが、前記Ｍｇ、Ｂ及びＢ４Ｃを含む粉末混合物の前記反応で存在することを特徴とする、請求項１乃至１０のいずれか１項に記載の超伝導素子。
- 前記マトリックス（２）が、Ｆｅ及び／又はＦｅ合金、Ｎｉ及び／又はＮｉ合金、Ｃｕ及び／又はＣｕ合金、Ｔｉ及び／又はＴｉ合金、ステンレス鋼、あるいはそれらの組合せを含むことを特徴とする、請求項１乃至１１のいずれか１項に記載の超伝導素子。
- 前記保護金属層（３）が、Ｎｂ及び／又はＮｂ合金、Ｔａ及び／又はＴａ合金、Ｔｉ及び／又はＴｉ合金、特にＮｂＴｉを含むことを特徴とする、請求項１乃至１２のいずれか１項に記載の超伝導素子。
- 請求項１乃至１３のいずれか１項に記載の超伝導素子を製造する方法であって、ＭｇＢ２に対する粉末混合物の反応が、５００〜７６０℃の温度で行われることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項１乃至１４のいずれか１項に記載の超伝導素子を製造する方法であって、前記Ｂ４Ｃ粉末及び前記追加の添加剤粉末が、前記元の粉末混合物に同時に導入されることを特徴とする方法。
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| JP5107638B2 (ja) | 2012-12-26 |
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