US5147694A - Electromagnetic shielding panel - Google Patents

Electromagnetic shielding panel Download PDF

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Publication number
US5147694A
US5147694A US07/563,183 US56318390A US5147694A US 5147694 A US5147694 A US 5147694A US 56318390 A US56318390 A US 56318390A US 5147694 A US5147694 A US 5147694A
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Prior art keywords
shielding panel
electromagnetic shielding
coating
glass
panel
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US07/563,183
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English (en)
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Leslie T. Clarke
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Pilkington Group Ltd
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Pilkington PLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B32B17/10045—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets with at least one intermediate layer consisting of a glass sheet
    • B32B17/10055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets with at least one intermediate layer consisting of a glass sheet with at least one intermediate air space
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10293—Edge features, e.g. inserts or holes
    • B32B17/10302—Edge sealing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B5/00—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor
    • E06B5/10—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor for protection against air-raid or other war-like action; for other protective purposes
    • E06B5/18—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor for protection against air-raid or other war-like action; for other protective purposes against harmful radiation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K9/00—Screening of apparatus or components against electric or magnetic fields
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K9/00—Screening of apparatus or components against electric or magnetic fields
    • H05K9/0001—Rooms or chambers
    • H05K9/0005—Shielded windows
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/20—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
    • B32B2307/212—Electromagnetic interference shielding
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24777—Edge feature
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
    • Y10T428/2495—Thickness [relative or absolute]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
    • Y10T428/2495—Thickness [relative or absolute]
    • Y10T428/24967—Absolute thicknesses specified
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31511—Of epoxy ether
    • Y10T428/31515—As intermediate layer
    • Y10T428/31518—Next to glass or quartz
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31511—Of epoxy ether
    • Y10T428/31525—Next to glass or quartz
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31511—Of epoxy ether
    • Y10T428/31529—Next to metal

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to electromagnetic shielding panels, and in particular, translucent panels for shielding against electromagnetic interference and which incorporate electroconductive coatings to attenuate electromagnetic radiation.
  • translucent shielding panels may serve as windows. These panels employ, amongst other things, electrically conductive coatings which are directly electrically connected to earth. Such panels inhibit the transmission of electromagnetic radiation.
  • patent specification GB-B-2 064 629 discloses not only an electromagnetic shielding panel which comprises glass panes which incorporate an electroconductive coating but also glass panes which incorporate a fine electrically conductive woven mesh.
  • the coating and the mesh are connected to earth and this is achieved by means of direct physical electrical connections to both the coating and the mesh.
  • a disadvantage with this type of panel is that visibility through it is impaired by the conductive mesh.
  • the shielding panel comprises a pair of spaced glass panes on opposing sides of a pair of spaced parallel electrically conductive transparent films mounted in a taut condition in the space between the panes.
  • This panel also has the requirement to electrically connect both the electrically conductive films to earth by a direct physical electrical connection.
  • the panel comprises two electro-conductively coated glass panes arranged in opposed parallel spaced relationship with the coatings facing inwardly towards each other.
  • This shielding panel has the advantages that it provides good attenuation of electromagnetic radiation while additionally providing good optical qualities. Nevertheless, there remains the requirement to make electrical connection to the coatings directly with a physical electrical connection for connection to earth. In this arrangement this is achieved by means of electrically conductive wire mesh making direct electrical contact with the coatings themselves.
  • Electromagnetic shielding panels fall into several general categories i.e. they may be of the double glazed type with air or gas between two spaced apart parallel panes of glass or they may be of the laminar type with a plastics interlayer sandwiched between two parallel panes of glass. They may even be a combination of both these types.
  • connection means may adversely impair the environment seal.
  • An aim of this invention is to provide an electromagnetic shielding panel which overcomes the aforementioned disadvantages, provides effective attenuation to electromagnetic radiation and which also has good optical qualities.
  • an electromagnetic shielding panel comprising first and second panes each independent of glass or plastics said first and second panes each having major inner and outer surfaces thereof, and being positioned in opposed spaced parallel relationship and first and second electroconductive coatings said first electroconductive coating being located on the major outer surface of the first pane of glass or plastics and the second electroconductive coating being located between the first and second panes of glass or plastics, wherein the second electroconductive coating is electrically coupled to the first electroconductive coating so that, in use of the shielding panel, direct electrical connection to the first electroconductive coating to enable said first electroconductive coating to be connected to earth also provides for connection of the second electroconductive coating to earth to provide effective attenuation of electromagnetic radiation in the path of the shielding panel while providing good optical qualities.
  • the second electroconductive coating may be located upon a major surface of the first or the second pane of glass or plastics and when located on the major inner surface of the first pane of glass or plastics opposite the first electroconductive coating the second pane of glass or plastics may comprise either clear glass or plastics or coated glass having a coating corresponding to that of the first electroconductive coating, to form a) a double glazed panel incorporating an air or gas space between the panes which may be in the range 6 mm to 20 mm, or b) a laminate incorporating a plastics interlayer which may have a thickness between 0.38 mm and 1 mm between the panes of glass of plastics.
  • the second pane of glass or plastics is preferably spaced from the first pane of glass or plastics to form a) a double glazed panel incorporating an air or gas space between the panes which may be in the range 6 mm to 20 mm, or b) a laminate incorporating a plastics interlayer which may have a thickness between 0.38 mm and 1 mm between the panes of glass or plastics.
  • the gas or air space is 12 mm and the plastics interlayer has a thickness of 0.5 mm.
  • the first electroconductive coating is a transparent abrasion resistant coating which may conveniently be of a semiconductor metal oxide, for example, tin doped indium oxide or doped tin oxide. Fluorine doped tin oxide coatings produced by pyrolytic techniques are admirably suitable for this purpose.
  • the transparent abrasion resistant coating which will usually comprise a semiconductor metal oxide layer of the order of 150 nm to 1000 nm preferably 300 nm to 400 nm in thickness may also include one or more colour suppressing underlayers as described, for example, in GB-B-2031756 or GB-B-2015983.
  • the second electroconductive coating is a silver layer having a thickness between 10 nm and 50 nm, but may be a gold or copper layer.
  • the use of a silver layer having a thickness of at least 15 nm enables an electroconductive coating to yield a sheet resistance of 5 ohms per square.
  • electroconductive coatings have a silver layer at least 22.5 nm thick to provide a sheet resistance lower than 5 ohms per square.
  • the silver layer preferably has a thickness less than 40 nm.
  • Preferred coatings have a silver layer having a thickness in the range 10 nm to 30 nm.
  • the silver layer may be sandwiched between anti-reflection layers of metal oxide.
  • the metal oxide may be selected from titanium oxide, tin oxide, indium tin oxide, zinc oxide and bismuth oxide.
  • the thickness of the anti-reflection layers is preferably in the range of 20 nm to 70 nm. It is preferred to use tin oxide for the anti-reflection layers and, for optimum light transmission, the tin oxide layers will each have a thickness in the range 30 nm to 50 nm depending on the thickness of the silver layer.
  • the shielding panel is preferably supported in an electrically-conductive support means which is electrically connectable to earth.
  • a direct physical electrical connection is preferably made from the first electroconductive coating to the support means by means of peripheral electrically-conductive compressible means sandwiched between the first electroconductive coating and the support means.
  • the electrically conductive compressible means is preferably a gasket of the metal loaded rubber type or may be the zinc metal mesh type.
  • the second electroconductive coating is coupled to the first electroconductive coating by capacitive means, said capacitive means comprising distributed internal capacitance present between the first and second electroconductive coatings.
  • the shielding panel as referred to herein is eminently suitable as a light translucent shield against electromagnetic radiation having a frequency in the range 30 MHz to 20 GHz.
  • FIG. 1 shows a sectional view of one embodiment in the form of a double glazed type electromagnetic shielding panel in accordance with this invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a sectional view of an embodiment similar to that of FIG. 1, but in the form of a laminar type electromagnetic shielding panel in accordance with this invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a sectional view of another embodiment in the form of a double glazed type electromagnetic shielding panel in accordance with this invention
  • FIG. 4 shows a sectional view of an embodiment similar to that of FIG. 3, but in the form of a laminar type electromagnetic shielding panel in accordance with this invention
  • FIG. 5 shows a sectional view of a further embodiment of a double glazed type electromagnetic shielding panel in accordance with this invention which is similar to that shown in FIG. 3, but having the pane of clear float glass replaced by a pane of coated glass.
  • two of the shielding panels 1 and 2 make use of commercially available low emissivity type coated glasses.
  • One type comprises a pane of 3 mm to 6 mm clear float glass 5, for instance, coated with a translucent electroconductive coating comprising a layer of silver 6 sandwiched between anti-reflection layers 7 and 8 of metal oxide (produced as described in GB-B-2 129 831).
  • Coated glass of this type is commercially available from PILKINGTON GLASS LIMITED of ST. HELENS, ENGLAND, under the trade mark KAPPAFLOAT.
  • the conductivity of the coating depends on the thickness of the silver layer and may be of the order of 2, 5 or 10 ohms per square.
  • a silver layer having a thickness of at least 15 nm enables a coating with a sheet resistance of less than 5 ohms per square to be achieved.
  • Preferred coatings have a silver layer at least 22.5 nm thick to provide even lower sheet resistance.
  • the thicker the silver layer the greater the cost of the coating and the lower the light transmission of the coated glass.
  • the silver layer preferably has a thickness of less than 40 nm.
  • Especially preferred coatings have a silver layer having a thickness in the range 10 to 30 nm.
  • the silver layer may be sandwiched between anti-reflection layers of metal oxide, the outer layer serving to protect the silver.
  • metal oxide which may be used include titanium oxide, tin oxide, indium tin oxide, zinc oxide and bismuth oxide.
  • the anti-reflection layers will generally each have a thickness in the range 20 nm to 70 nm. It is preferred to use tin oxide for the anti-reflection layers and, for optimum light transmission, the tin oxide layers will each have a thickness in the range 30 nm to 50 nm depending on the thickness of the silver layer.
  • the other type of low emissivity coated glass has a transparent abrasion-resistant coating comprising a semiconductor metal oxide layer 10, for example, tin doped indium oxide or doped tin oxide.
  • a transparent abrasion-resistant coating comprising a semiconductor metal oxide layer 10, for example, tin doped indium oxide or doped tin oxide.
  • Glass with fluorine doped tin oxide coatings produced by pyrolytic techniques are commercially available and suitable for use in this application.
  • Coated glasses of this type are commercially available from PILKINGTON GLASS LIMITED of ST. HELENS, ENGLAND under the trade name PILKINGTON K-GLASS.
  • the conductivity of the coating will depend on the nature and proportion of dopant(s) present and the thickness of the coating; one coated glass currently available is PILKINGTON K-GLASS has a conductivity of the order of 17 ohms per square.
  • the two shielding panels 3 and 4 incorporate panes with abrasion-resistant electroconductive coating which additionally includes on the major surface opposite its abrasion resistant coating 10, a coating 6,7 and 8 identical with that incorporated in neutral KAPPAFLOAT low emissivity coated glass.
  • This coating is protected by either a pane of clear float glass 11, or a pane of glass with an abrasion-resistant coating in the double glazed shielding panel 3 having a space between the panes in the range 6 mm to 20 mm, and in the laminar shielding panel 4 by a pane of clear float glass 11 or a pane of glass with an abrasion resistant coating and a plastics interlayer 12 which has a thickness between 0.38 mm and 1 mm.
  • the glass panes (coated or otherwise) employed in the construction of the shielding panels 1,2 3 and 4 measure 1 meter square and they are mounted in an electrically conductive supporting frame 14 which is directly connectable to earth E.
  • all of the shielding panels 1, 2, 3, 4 and P5 incorporate at least one basic coated glass pane with an abrasive-resistant electroconductive coating with the coating facing outwardly.
  • the gasket 15 may conveniently be a metal loaded rubber type or a fine metal mesh type.
  • the major attenuation of electromagnetic radiation relies upon reflection of electromagnetic waves at the first conductive coating of the panel. This is effected as a consequence of the mismatch of impedance of the incoming wave (377 ohms in the "Far Field" being greater than ⁇ /2 ⁇ from a radiation source ES) and the combined impedance of the coatings. Further attenuation is achieved as a consequence of multiple reflections between electroconductive coating on the glass. Attenuation may also be attributed to absorption loss within the glass itself where the path length of the electromagnetic wave is greatly increased due to the multiple reflections effectively making the glass appear much thicker than it actually is. Such multiple reflections are shown in FIG. 1 for convenience and are represented diagrammatically by the broken lines designated RP extending between the two coatings (such multiple reflections occur in a manner similar so that shown in panel 1 in the other illustrated panels).
  • the light reflection and light transmission of the panel were measured and the attenuation or shielding effectiveness to the transmission of electromagnetic radiation ER through the panel from the electromagnetic radiation ER through the panel from the electromagnetic radiation sources ES travelling along a transmission path TP normal to the panel surface was determined over the frequency range 50 MHz to 10 GHz.
  • Panel 1 is of the double glazed type and comprises two coated glass panes which are arranged in spaced parallel relationship being separated by a peripheral environmental seal 13.
  • the first pane is, for example, of PILKINGTON K-Glass with the coating facing outwardly of the panel and the second pane is of neutral KAPPAFLOAT glass with the coating facing inwardly of the panel.
  • the thickness of the silver layer in the neutral KAPPAFLOAT pane is of the order of 15 nm giving a conductivity (sheet resistance) of 5 ohms per square.
  • the conductivity of the external coating is of the order of 17 ohms per square.
  • the dimension of the space between the panels is of the order of 12 mm.
  • Panel 2 is of the laminar type and comprises two coated glass panes of the type specified for panel 1.
  • the two coated panes are laminated together using a polyvinylbutyral interlayer 13 0.5 mm thick.
  • the thickness of the silver layer in the neutral KAPPAFLOAT pane is of the order of 22.5 nm giving a conductivity (sheet resistance) of 2 ohms per square.
  • the conductivity of the external coating is of the order of 17 ohms per square.
  • Panel 3 is a further double glazed type panel but in this construction as explained previously the PILKINGTON K-GLASS coated pane has a coating 6,7 and 8 identical with the neutral KAPPAFLOAT low emissivity coated glass on the major surface opposite the abrasive-resistant coating 10.
  • the conductivity of the abrasive-resistant coating is of the order of 17 ohms per square while the thickness of the silver layer is 15 nm giving a conductivity of 5 ohms per square.
  • the inner coating is protected by a pane of clear glass 12 spaced by a peripheral environmental seal 14 at 12 mm from the inner coating.
  • Panel 4 is the laminar construction of panel 3 and only differs by the polyvinylbutyral interlayer 13 which is 0.5 mm thick. Two different conductivity coated glasses were tested giving the following results:
  • FIG. 5 The construction of the panel for this example is identical with panel 3 (FIG. 3) except that the pane of clear glass is replaced by a pane of PILKINGTON K-GLASS.
  • the panel of this example has two panes of PILKINGTON K-GLASS.
  • One of the panes of PILKINGTON K-GLASS has a coating 6, 7 and 8 identical with the KAPPAFLOAT low emissivity coated glass on the major surface opposite the abrasive resistant coating 10.
  • the conductivity of the abrasive resistant coating is of the order of 17 ohms per square while the thickness of the silver layer is 22.5 nm giving a conductivity of 2 ohms per square.
  • the inner coating is protected by a pane of PILKINGTON K-GLASS 9, 10, spaced by the peripheral environment seal 13 at 12 nm from the inner coating.
  • the inner electroconductive coating may, instead of being located on the glass surface, take the form of a conductive coating incorporated on a separate plastics material.
  • the polyvinyl butyral interlayer 13 could conveniently incorporate a metalised polyester film.
  • An important advantage of the present invention is that, by using, as a first electroconductive coating, a transparent abrasion resistant electroconductive coating on the outer major surface of the first pane, and relying on enhanced capacitive coupling C between that coating and the second electroconductive coating, it is possible to effectively earth a second abrasion sensitive electroconductive coating (for example a coating comprising a layer of silver) protected between the panes, without any special electrical connections being made to any coating between the panes.
  • a second abrasion sensitive electroconductive coating for example a coating comprising a layer of silver
  • the second electroconductive coating may be stripped back all around the periphery of the panel in the double glazed constructions which considerably improves the perimeter environmental seal.
  • the panel further provides a substantial improvement in the attenuation of electromagnetic radiation.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Shielding Devices Or Components To Electric Or Magnetic Fields (AREA)
  • Vessels, Lead-In Wires, Accessory Apparatuses For Cathode-Ray Tubes (AREA)
  • Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
  • Gas-Filled Discharge Tubes (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
  • Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)
  • Casings For Electric Apparatus (AREA)
  • Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
US07/563,183 1989-08-18 1990-08-06 Electromagnetic shielding panel Expired - Fee Related US5147694A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB898918859A GB8918859D0 (en) 1989-08-18 1989-08-18 Electromagnetic shielding panel
GB8918859 1989-08-18

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US5147694A true US5147694A (en) 1992-09-15

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EP (1) EP0413580B1 (ja)
JP (1) JPH03136399A (ja)
KR (1) KR910005323A (ja)
AT (1) ATE125102T1 (ja)
AU (1) AU633124B2 (ja)
BR (1) BR9004084A (ja)
CA (1) CA2022948A1 (ja)
DE (1) DE69020818T2 (ja)
FI (1) FI904056A0 (ja)
GB (2) GB8918859D0 (ja)
MX (1) MX172772B (ja)
NO (1) NO177730C (ja)
NZ (1) NZ234676A (ja)
ZA (1) ZA906082B (ja)

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US5776612A (en) * 1996-02-21 1998-07-07 Exotic Materials Inc. Window that transmits light energy and selectively absorbs microwave energy
US5847316A (en) * 1993-06-07 1998-12-08 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Electromagnetic shielding body and electromagnetic shielding structure utilizing same
WO2000002294A2 (en) * 1998-07-02 2000-01-13 Add-Vision, Inc. Shield to prevent electrostatic discharge and electromagnetic and radio frequency interference
US6067188A (en) * 1996-12-23 2000-05-23 Optical Coating Laboratory, Inc. Apparatus for providing a near-IR emission suppressing/color enhancing accessory device for plasma display panels
US6188015B1 (en) * 1998-06-02 2001-02-13 The Curran Company Electromagnetic interference attenuation device
US6353501B1 (en) 1999-01-21 2002-03-05 Viratec Thin Films, Inc. Display panel filter connection to a display panel
US6469685B1 (en) 1997-06-25 2002-10-22 Viratec Thin Films, Inc. Display panel filter and method of making the same
US20030133208A1 (en) * 2002-01-15 2003-07-17 Johnson Robert L. Protective optical filter assembly
US20030170543A1 (en) * 2002-02-26 2003-09-11 Alltrista Zinc Products Company, L.P. Zinc fibers, zinc anodes and methods of making zinc fibers
US20040107641A1 (en) * 2002-12-04 2004-06-10 The Ohio State University Ppg Industries Inc. Sidelobe controlled radio transmission region in metallic panel
US20040113860A1 (en) * 2002-12-04 2004-06-17 The Ohio State University Radio transmission region in metallic panel
US20040129866A1 (en) * 2000-10-26 2004-07-08 Rafael - Armament Development Authority Ltd. Optical window assembly for use in a supersonic platform
US6787204B2 (en) * 1999-04-28 2004-09-07 Saint-Gobain Glass France Multiple glazed insulating unit, especially for an aircraft window, with electromagnetic armor
US20060012513A1 (en) * 2003-01-31 2006-01-19 The Ohio State University Radar system using RF noise
US20060022866A1 (en) * 2002-01-17 2006-02-02 The Ohio State University Vehicle obstacle warning radar
US20070137117A1 (en) * 2005-12-02 2007-06-21 Carlson Ryan L Conductive gasket apparatus and method
US20080308677A1 (en) * 2007-06-18 2008-12-18 Kirchoff Kenneth P Radio frequency shielding apparatus system and method
CN102678028A (zh) * 2012-05-28 2012-09-19 丁俊 钴60加速器防护门
US20130026296A1 (en) * 2010-04-19 2013-01-31 Mitsubishi Aircraft Corporation Cockpit window of aircraft having electromagnetic shield, and aircraft
US20140319277A1 (en) * 2012-01-11 2014-10-30 Mitsubishi Aircraft Corporation Window of aircraft, aircraft, and assembly method for window of aircraft
US9425516B2 (en) 2012-07-06 2016-08-23 The Ohio State University Compact dual band GNSS antenna design
US20180079177A1 (en) * 2015-03-30 2018-03-22 Jx Nippon Mining & Metals Corporation Electromagnetic shielding material
CN109791338A (zh) * 2016-08-22 2019-05-21 唯景公司 电磁屏蔽电致变色窗
WO2019241264A2 (en) 2018-06-11 2019-12-19 View, Inc. Optically switchable windows for selectively impeding propagation of light from an artificial source
US10673121B2 (en) 2014-11-25 2020-06-02 View, Inc. Window antennas
US10674645B2 (en) 2018-07-20 2020-06-02 Event Secure, Inc. Modular EMF/RF shielded enclosures
WO2021022084A1 (en) 2019-07-31 2021-02-04 View, Inc. Faster switching electrochromic devices
US11114742B2 (en) 2014-11-25 2021-09-07 View, Inc. Window antennas
US11205926B2 (en) 2009-12-22 2021-12-21 View, Inc. Window antennas for emitting radio frequency signals
US11342791B2 (en) 2009-12-22 2022-05-24 View, Inc. Wirelessly powered and powering electrochromic windows
US11561446B2 (en) 2011-09-30 2023-01-24 View, Inc. Fabrication of electrochromic devices
US11559852B2 (en) 2011-12-12 2023-01-24 View, Inc. Thin-film devices and fabrication
US11579571B2 (en) 2014-03-05 2023-02-14 View, Inc. Monitoring sites containing switchable optical devices and controllers
US11599003B2 (en) 2011-09-30 2023-03-07 View, Inc. Fabrication of electrochromic devices
US11630366B2 (en) 2009-12-22 2023-04-18 View, Inc. Window antennas for emitting radio frequency signals
US11631493B2 (en) 2020-05-27 2023-04-18 View Operating Corporation Systems and methods for managing building wellness
US11732527B2 (en) 2009-12-22 2023-08-22 View, Inc. Wirelessly powered and powering electrochromic windows
US11740529B2 (en) 2015-10-06 2023-08-29 View, Inc. Controllers for optically-switchable devices
US11750594B2 (en) 2020-03-26 2023-09-05 View, Inc. Access and messaging in a multi client network
US11796885B2 (en) 2012-04-17 2023-10-24 View, Inc. Controller for optically-switchable windows
US20240040761A1 (en) * 2021-03-16 2024-02-01 Merakai, LLC Rf-shielded window apparatus and method of manufacturing same
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US5358787A (en) * 1992-12-30 1994-10-25 Westinghouse Electric Corporation RF absorptive window
US5847316A (en) * 1993-06-07 1998-12-08 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Electromagnetic shielding body and electromagnetic shielding structure utilizing same
US5373102A (en) * 1993-08-19 1994-12-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Optically transmissive Faraday cage
US5510575A (en) * 1993-11-26 1996-04-23 The Curran Company Window wall for shielded enclosures
US5583318A (en) * 1993-12-30 1996-12-10 Lucent Technologies Inc. Multi-layer shield for absorption of electromagnetic energy
WO1995028822A1 (en) * 1994-04-18 1995-10-26 Motorola Inc. Conformal shield and method for forming same
US5633077A (en) * 1995-02-24 1997-05-27 Owens-Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc. Infrared radiation blocking insulation product
US5776612A (en) * 1996-02-21 1998-07-07 Exotic Materials Inc. Window that transmits light energy and selectively absorbs microwave energy
US5811923A (en) * 1996-12-23 1998-09-22 Optical Coating Laboratory, Inc. Plasma display panel with infrared absorbing coating
US6067188A (en) * 1996-12-23 2000-05-23 Optical Coating Laboratory, Inc. Apparatus for providing a near-IR emission suppressing/color enhancing accessory device for plasma display panels
US6084705A (en) * 1996-12-23 2000-07-04 Optical Coating Laboratory, Inc. Methods and apparatus for providing a near-IR emission suppressing/color enhancing accessory device for plasma display panels
WO1998028768A1 (en) * 1996-12-23 1998-07-02 Optical Coating Laboratory, Inc. Methods and apparatus for providing an optically enhancing/noise suppressing device for plasma display panels
US6469685B1 (en) 1997-06-25 2002-10-22 Viratec Thin Films, Inc. Display panel filter and method of making the same
US6188015B1 (en) * 1998-06-02 2001-02-13 The Curran Company Electromagnetic interference attenuation device
US6429750B2 (en) * 1998-06-02 2002-08-06 The Curran Company Method for attenuating electromagnetic interference using resonant cavities of dissimilar dimensions
WO2000002294A2 (en) * 1998-07-02 2000-01-13 Add-Vision, Inc. Shield to prevent electrostatic discharge and electromagnetic and radio frequency interference
WO2000002294A3 (en) * 1998-07-02 2000-09-08 Add Vision Inc Shield to prevent electrostatic discharge and electromagnetic and radio frequency interference
US6490091B1 (en) 1999-01-21 2002-12-03 Viratec Thin Films, Inc. Display panel filter and method of making the same
US6353501B1 (en) 1999-01-21 2002-03-05 Viratec Thin Films, Inc. Display panel filter connection to a display panel
US6787204B2 (en) * 1999-04-28 2004-09-07 Saint-Gobain Glass France Multiple glazed insulating unit, especially for an aircraft window, with electromagnetic armor
US6946642B2 (en) * 2000-10-26 2005-09-20 Rafael-Armament Development Authority Ltd. Optical window assembly for use in a supersonic platform
US20040129866A1 (en) * 2000-10-26 2004-07-08 Rafael - Armament Development Authority Ltd. Optical window assembly for use in a supersonic platform
US6918673B2 (en) 2002-01-15 2005-07-19 Omega Optical, Inc. Protective optical filter assembly
US20030133208A1 (en) * 2002-01-15 2003-07-17 Johnson Robert L. Protective optical filter assembly
WO2003060570A2 (en) * 2002-01-15 2003-07-24 Omega Optical, Inc. Protective optical filter assembly
WO2003060570A3 (en) * 2002-01-15 2003-10-16 Omega Optical Inc Protective optical filter assembly
US20060022866A1 (en) * 2002-01-17 2006-02-02 The Ohio State University Vehicle obstacle warning radar
US7295154B2 (en) 2002-01-17 2007-11-13 The Ohio State University Vehicle obstacle warning radar
US20030170543A1 (en) * 2002-02-26 2003-09-11 Alltrista Zinc Products Company, L.P. Zinc fibers, zinc anodes and methods of making zinc fibers
WO2004051870A3 (en) * 2002-12-04 2005-02-10 Univ Ohio State Sidelobe controlled radio transmission region in metallic panel
US6860081B2 (en) * 2002-12-04 2005-03-01 The Ohio State University Sidelobe controlled radio transmission region in metallic panel
US6922175B2 (en) 2002-12-04 2005-07-26 The Ohio State University Radio transmission region in metallic panel
US20040113860A1 (en) * 2002-12-04 2004-06-17 The Ohio State University Radio transmission region in metallic panel
US20060010794A1 (en) * 2002-12-04 2006-01-19 The Ohio State University Sidelobe controlled radio transmission region in metallic panel
WO2004051870A2 (en) * 2002-12-04 2004-06-17 The Ohio State University Sidelobe controlled radio transmission region in metallic panel
US20040107641A1 (en) * 2002-12-04 2004-06-10 The Ohio State University Ppg Industries Inc. Sidelobe controlled radio transmission region in metallic panel
US20060012513A1 (en) * 2003-01-31 2006-01-19 The Ohio State University Radar system using RF noise
US7196657B2 (en) 2003-01-31 2007-03-27 The Ohio State University Radar system using RF noise
CN101321665B (zh) * 2005-12-02 2012-05-23 波音公司 导电衬垫设备和方法
US7913385B2 (en) * 2005-12-02 2011-03-29 The Boeing Company Method of attenuating electromagnetic energy
US20070137117A1 (en) * 2005-12-02 2007-06-21 Carlson Ryan L Conductive gasket apparatus and method
US20080308677A1 (en) * 2007-06-18 2008-12-18 Kirchoff Kenneth P Radio frequency shielding apparatus system and method
US8800926B2 (en) * 2007-06-18 2014-08-12 The Boeing Company Radio frequency shielding apparatus system and method
US20140284425A1 (en) * 2007-06-18 2014-09-25 The Boeing Company Radio frequency shielding system
US9038949B2 (en) * 2007-06-18 2015-05-26 The Boeing Company Radio frequency shielding system
US11732527B2 (en) 2009-12-22 2023-08-22 View, Inc. Wirelessly powered and powering electrochromic windows
US11342791B2 (en) 2009-12-22 2022-05-24 View, Inc. Wirelessly powered and powering electrochromic windows
US11205926B2 (en) 2009-12-22 2021-12-21 View, Inc. Window antennas for emitting radio frequency signals
US11630366B2 (en) 2009-12-22 2023-04-18 View, Inc. Window antennas for emitting radio frequency signals
US8714487B2 (en) * 2010-04-19 2014-05-06 Mitsubishi Aircraft Corporation Cockpit window of aircraft having electromagnetic shield, and aircraft
US20130026296A1 (en) * 2010-04-19 2013-01-31 Mitsubishi Aircraft Corporation Cockpit window of aircraft having electromagnetic shield, and aircraft
US11599003B2 (en) 2011-09-30 2023-03-07 View, Inc. Fabrication of electrochromic devices
US11561446B2 (en) 2011-09-30 2023-01-24 View, Inc. Fabrication of electrochromic devices
US11559852B2 (en) 2011-12-12 2023-01-24 View, Inc. Thin-film devices and fabrication
US9598166B2 (en) * 2012-01-11 2017-03-21 Mitsubishi Aircraft Corporation Window of an aircraft with an electromagnetic shield
US20140319277A1 (en) * 2012-01-11 2014-10-30 Mitsubishi Aircraft Corporation Window of aircraft, aircraft, and assembly method for window of aircraft
US11796885B2 (en) 2012-04-17 2023-10-24 View, Inc. Controller for optically-switchable windows
CN102678028A (zh) * 2012-05-28 2012-09-19 丁俊 钴60加速器防护门
US9425516B2 (en) 2012-07-06 2016-08-23 The Ohio State University Compact dual band GNSS antenna design
US11668990B2 (en) 2013-02-08 2023-06-06 View, Inc. Fabrication of electrochromic devices
US11579571B2 (en) 2014-03-05 2023-02-14 View, Inc. Monitoring sites containing switchable optical devices and controllers
US11054711B2 (en) 2014-11-25 2021-07-06 View, Inc. Electromagnetic-shielding electrochromic windows
US11799187B2 (en) 2014-11-25 2023-10-24 View, Inc. Window antennas
US11462814B2 (en) 2014-11-25 2022-10-04 View, Inc. Window antennas
US10797373B2 (en) 2014-11-25 2020-10-06 View, Inc. Window antennas
US11114742B2 (en) 2014-11-25 2021-09-07 View, Inc. Window antennas
US10673121B2 (en) 2014-11-25 2020-06-02 View, Inc. Window antennas
US11670833B2 (en) 2014-11-25 2023-06-06 View, Inc. Window antennas
US20180079177A1 (en) * 2015-03-30 2018-03-22 Jx Nippon Mining & Metals Corporation Electromagnetic shielding material
US10442159B2 (en) * 2015-03-30 2019-10-15 Jx Nippon Mining & Metals Corporation Electromagnetic shielding material
US11740529B2 (en) 2015-10-06 2023-08-29 View, Inc. Controllers for optically-switchable devices
EP4354662A2 (en) 2016-05-06 2024-04-17 View, Inc. Method and system for monitoring the location of a mobile device or an asset containing the mobile device.
CN109791338A (zh) * 2016-08-22 2019-05-21 唯景公司 电磁屏蔽电致变色窗
WO2019241264A2 (en) 2018-06-11 2019-12-19 View, Inc. Optically switchable windows for selectively impeding propagation of light from an artificial source
US10674645B2 (en) 2018-07-20 2020-06-02 Event Secure, Inc. Modular EMF/RF shielded enclosures
WO2021022084A1 (en) 2019-07-31 2021-02-04 View, Inc. Faster switching electrochromic devices
US11750594B2 (en) 2020-03-26 2023-09-05 View, Inc. Access and messaging in a multi client network
US11882111B2 (en) 2020-03-26 2024-01-23 View, Inc. Access and messaging in a multi client network
US11631493B2 (en) 2020-05-27 2023-04-18 View Operating Corporation Systems and methods for managing building wellness
US20240040761A1 (en) * 2021-03-16 2024-02-01 Merakai, LLC Rf-shielded window apparatus and method of manufacturing same
US11943907B2 (en) * 2021-03-16 2024-03-26 Merakai, LLC RF-shielded window apparatus and method of manufacturing same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2236790B (en) 1993-08-04
MX172772B (es) 1994-01-12
FI904056A0 (fi) 1990-08-16
GB2236790A (en) 1991-04-17
NO903575D0 (no) 1990-08-15
EP0413580B1 (en) 1995-07-12
BR9004084A (pt) 1991-09-03
DE69020818T2 (de) 1996-02-08
DE69020818D1 (de) 1995-08-17
GB9017998D0 (en) 1990-10-03
ZA906082B (en) 1991-05-29
NZ234676A (en) 1992-11-25
NO177730B (no) 1995-07-31
CA2022948A1 (en) 1991-02-19
NO177730C (no) 1995-11-08
ATE125102T1 (de) 1995-07-15
GB8918859D0 (en) 1989-09-27
EP0413580A1 (en) 1991-02-20
NO903575L (no) 1991-02-19
KR910005323A (ko) 1991-03-30
AU633124B2 (en) 1993-01-21
AU5993190A (en) 1991-02-21
JPH03136399A (ja) 1991-06-11

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