US2785349A - Electric semi-conducting devices - Google Patents

Electric semi-conducting devices Download PDF

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Publication number
US2785349A
US2785349A US292304A US29230452A US2785349A US 2785349 A US2785349 A US 2785349A US 292304 A US292304 A US 292304A US 29230452 A US29230452 A US 29230452A US 2785349 A US2785349 A US 2785349A
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United States
Prior art keywords
wire
tube
sealed
copper
semi
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Expired - Lifetime
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US292304A
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English (en)
Inventor
Wolfson Henry
Shepard Stanley Carden
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International Standard Electric Corp
Original Assignee
International Standard Electric Corp
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Publication date
Priority claimed from GB13657/51A external-priority patent/GB716250A/en
Application filed by International Standard Electric Corp filed Critical International Standard Electric Corp
Priority claimed from GB19173/53A external-priority patent/GB753488A/en
Priority claimed from US434865A external-priority patent/US2928030A/en
Priority claimed from GB4261/56A external-priority patent/GB797822A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2785349A publication Critical patent/US2785349A/en
Priority claimed from GB23454/58A external-priority patent/GB835865A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/26—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with means for mechanically breaking-up or deflecting the jet after discharge, e.g. with fixed deflectors; Breaking-up the discharged liquid or other fluent material by impinging jets
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Definitions

  • the present invention relates to improvements in small crystal electric rectifiers employing semiconducting materials such as germanium.
  • the principal object of the invention is to simplify and cheapen the construction of such rectifiers and to improve the protection of the rectifying contact against the efiects of moisture.
  • an electric rectifier comprising a body of semiconducting material and an electrode making rectifying contact therewith, assembled inside a tube of electrically insulating material, the said body and electrode being each secured to a corresponding metal plug, the said plugs being force fits inside the said tube at respectively opposite ends thereof and being spaced apart in such manner that the electrode makes rectifying contact with the semiconducting body.
  • Fig. 1 shows a sectional view of a crystal rectifier constructed according to the present invention
  • Figs. 2 to 7 show details in the process of constructing the rectifier.
  • Fig. 8 shows a side view of a completed rectifier
  • Figs, 9 to 12 show details of a modified type of rectifier according to the invention.
  • Figs. 13 to 16 show details of another form of rectifier according to the invention in which the plugs on which the electrodes are mounted are solid, instead of being pressed from sheet material.
  • Figs. 17 and 18 show details of a modified form of the solid plug type rectifier
  • Figs. 19 and 20 show modifications of Figs. 13 and 14 respectively; and Figs. 21 and 22 show details of another modified form of the solid plug type rectifier.
  • Fig. 1 shows a section through a rectifier according to the invention, in which the rectifying elements are enclosed in a cylindrical tube 1 of ceramic or other suitable insulating material, the external diameter of which might, for example be about 0.25 inch.
  • the crystal 2, which will preferably be of germanium, and the cat whisker electrode 3, are secured to sheet metal cup-shaped plugs 4 and which are forced into opposite ends of the tube 1 in such manner as to be securely held therein.
  • Corresponding terminal conductors 6 and 7 are attache-d to the plugs 4 and 5, and the ends of the tube are sealed with blocks 8 and 9 of a suitable thermosetting cement.
  • a litharge-glycerine cement could be used.
  • the cement blocks may be differently coloured; for example, the block 8 might be red and the block 9 might be white.
  • the plug 4 or 5 may be formed from a flat disc 10, of nickel or other suitable metal, shown in Fig. 2.
  • This disc may be 0.005 inch thick, and should be slightly larger in diameter than the internal bore of the tube; for example, the diameter of the disc might be about 0.2 inch. It should be provided with a small tag 11 to which will be welded or soldered the corresponding terminal conductor 6 or 7 (Fig. 1).
  • Other metals which might be used for the disc 10 are copper, iron, brass, or silver.
  • the cat whisker 3 which may consist of .a sharply pointed tungsten wire :bent into the usual 8 shape, is welded or otherwise attached to the centre of the disc 10, and the assembly is arranged concentrically over the end of the tube 1.
  • Various other metals and alloys could be used for the cat whiskers.
  • a cylindrical ram (not shown) is applied to the centre of the disc which is thereby forced into the tube, forming a cupshaped plug, as shown in Fig. 4.
  • the plug 5 should be pushed in leaving the tag 11 protruding as shown.
  • the diameter of the ram should preferably be a few thousandths of an inch smaller than the inside diameter of the cup so formed, in order to avoid cracking the tube 1, and to allow the ram to be easily removed.
  • the terminal conductor wire 7 is welded or otherwise attached to the tag 11, as shown in Fig. 5.
  • This terminal wire should preferably be of copper-clad steel, or of a copper-nickel-iron alloy, but other materials such as pure copper or nickel could be used.
  • the wire 7 should preferably be arranged coaxially with the tube 1.
  • the cement block 9 is preferably formed from a casting resin sold under the registered trademark Araldite, though other thermosetti-ng or thermoplastic materials or other types of cement could be used.
  • the assembly 1 should be heated to a temperature of about 250 C., for example by standing the tube 1 on a heated plate, and the casting resin in the form of a thin stick should be touched on to the upper end of the tube 1 until a sufficient quantity has melted on to fill the plug 5 and to cover the end of the tube.
  • the resin polymerises and hardens'in about ten minutes, thereby joining the plug and tube together and efiiciently sealing the end.
  • the resin may alternatively be applied as a powder, or in the form of a small disc with a central hole, which is of the right size to form the block 9, and which is slipped over the wire 7.
  • the crystal 2 is attached to a second disc similar to that shown in Fig. 2, by soldering, or by means of a suitable conducting medium indicated at 12.
  • a conducting cement of the kind described in the specification of co-pending application Serial N0. 278,527, filed March 25, 1952, should be used.
  • the terminal wire 6 (not shown in Fig. 7) is then attached to the tag 11, .and the plug 4 is sealed with the casting resin as described with reference to Fig. 5, the completed rectifier appearing as shown in Fig. 8.
  • the tube 1 In or' der conveniently to heat the tube 1 in this case, it may be inserted into a hole in a thick metal block which rests on the hot plate.
  • the cement used for the cat whisker end of the tube 1 should preferably consist of a mixture of 50% of the Araldite casting resin and 50% alumina, or other white powder or pigment, which forms a white block when p-olymerised, but unfilled Araldite resin or adhesive could be used.
  • the block at the crystal end could be formed from alumina-filled resin to which has been added a dye or pigment which might be red, or any other distinctive col-our.
  • the rectifier should preferably be further heat treated for 24 hours in an oven at a temperature of C. for finally hardening the sealing plugs 8 and 9.
  • Figs. 9 to 12 show an alternative method of attaching the cat whisker and its terminal wire to the corresponding Wish- 349 plug.
  • the plug 5 is formed from a plain disc 13 with a central hole 14 instead of a tag.
  • the disc is rammed into the end of the tube 1 as previously described, and as shown in Fig. 10.
  • v I V The Whisker 3 is welded to the terrninal wire 7 slidwh in Fig. 11, and also a springy wire bent into an obtuse V-shape.
  • the wire 7 is then threaded through the hole 14 from the inside of the tube and pulled through as shown in Fig. 12, the wire 15 then holding the whisker 3 centrally inside the tube. In this case it is not neces sa-ry to solder or weld the whisker or terminal wire to the plug 5.
  • the sealing block 9 is then applied in the manner already described.
  • Figs. 13 to 16 show the preferred form of the construction of a rectifier according to the invention in which the plugs to which the cat whisker and crystal are attached are formed solid from a soft metal instead or" being pressed out of sheet material.
  • the plug for the crystal is shown in Fig. 13 and consists of a substantially cylindrical plug 16 of lead or other soft metal or alloy having a central hole into which the terminal wire 6 is fixed.
  • the wire should be tinned and the lead plug cast or alloyed thereto forming- .a substantially brazed joint.
  • the diameter of the plug should be very slightly larger than the inside diameter of the tube 1 and may be very slightly tapered to enable it to be started in the tube. It is then forced in with suitable ram (not shown) as before described.
  • the thickness of the plug might for example be about 0.67 inch.
  • the plug 17 for the cat whisker shown in Fig. 14 differs only from the other in that the terminal wire projects right through the lead plug to provide an end 18 to which the cat whisker 3 may be
  • Fig. 15 shows the plug 17 with the cat whisker 3 attached, and rammed into the upper end of the tube 1.
  • Fig. 16 shows the completed rectifier with the plug 16, hearing the crystal 2, forced into the lower end, the rectiher being sealed with cement blocks 8 and 9 as previously described.
  • the crystal 2 may be attached to the plug 16 in the manner already explained.
  • the material of the plugs 16 and 17 could alternatively be lead alloyed with calcium or antimony, or with tin and silver.
  • Figs; 17 and 18 show a variation 'of the method of fixing the plug for the cat whisker electrode.
  • a disc 19 of lea slightly smaller in diameter than the bore of the tube 1 is slipped inside and is pressed between two rams 2i) and 21, which should be perhaps 0.02 inch smaller in diameter thanthe inside of the tube.
  • the lead extrudes slightly between the rams and the tube thereby locating the plug firmly in place.
  • a small central hole is then drilled through the plug, and a cat whisker assembly similar to that shown in Fig. 11 is threaded through as shown in Fig. 18.
  • Figs. 19 and 20 show modifications of Figs. 13 and 14 in which the lead plug consists of two coaxial sectionsor discs, which may be separate, the upper section 22 being. slightly larger, and the lower section 23 being slightly smaller than the internal base of the tube. This facilitates centering the plugs in the tube before they are forcedin.
  • FIG. 21 An alternative-method forcen'tering plugs of the type shown in Figs. 13 and 14 is shown in Figs; 21 and 22.
  • the inside ends of the tube 1 are slightly enlarged as'indicatedat 24 and 25 in Fig. 21, the diameter of the lead plug being intermediate between the larger and smallerinternal diameters of the tube;
  • the plug 17 after having been forced in by a ram, whose diameter is also intermediate between the larger and smaller diameters of the tube, appears as shown in Fig. 22, the lead extruding partly downwards and partly outwards and upwards round the ram (not shown).
  • the plug (not shown) which carries the crystal can be forced into the lower end of the tube in the same manner.
  • the ends will be sealed with the casting resin as previously described,
  • An electric rectifier comprising a body of semi-conduoting material and a wire electrode making rectifying contact therewith assembled inside a hollow tube, said body and electrode each secured to a corresponding plug, said plugs being force fits inside said tube at respectively opposite ends thereof andspaced apart whereby the electrode makes rectifying contact with the semi-conducting body, and said wire electrode connected to a terminal wire passing through a central hole cut through the base of its associated plug, the arrangement being centered by a V-shaped wire of springy material attached to said terminal wire and bearing on the inside surface of said tube.
  • An electric rectifier comprising a body of semi-conducting material and' a wire electrode making rectifying" contact therewith, assembled inside a hollow tube, the wall of said tube being under-cut at both ends to form short sections with increased internal diameter, said body and electrode each'secured to a corresponding plug, said plugs being pressed into contact with the corresponding undercut section of larger diameter and against the portion of thetube of smaller diameter, said plugs being spaced apart so that the electrode makes rectifying contact with the semi-conducting body, a terminal wire having a portion extending into the space between saidtwo'plugsandpass ing through an opening provided in one of said plugs, means for connecting said wire electrodeto' said portion of said terminal wire, and means for connecting said semiconducting body to the other of said plugs.
  • a rectifier according to claim'2 in whicheach end of the said tube is sealed by a block of thermoplastic or therrriosetting material.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Cooling Or The Like Of Electrical Apparatus (AREA)
  • Cooling Or The Like Of Semiconductors Or Solid State Devices (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Wire Bonding (AREA)
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  • Connections By Means Of Piercing Elements, Nuts, Or Screws (AREA)
  • Primary Cells (AREA)
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US292304A 1951-06-08 1952-06-07 Electric semi-conducting devices Expired - Lifetime US2785349A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB13657/51A GB716250A (en) 1951-06-08 1951-06-08 Improvements in or relating to electric semi-conducting devices
GB19173/53A GB753488A (en) 1953-07-10 1953-07-10 Improvements in or relating to electrical couplings to semiconductor elements
US434865A US2928030A (en) 1954-06-07 1954-06-07 Semiconductor devices
GB4261/56A GB797822A (en) 1951-06-08 1956-02-10 Improvements in or relating to semi-conductor junction diodes
DEST13682A DE1098102B (de) 1951-06-08 1958-04-23 Verfahren zur Herstellung einer elektrischen Halbleitervorrichtung
GB23454/58A GB835865A (en) 1957-05-21 1958-07-22 Improvements in or relating to crystal rectifiers and methods of manufacture thereof
DE884824X 1958-09-30
DEST15123A DE1255823B (de) 1951-06-08 1959-05-13 Verfahren zum Herstellen von Kuehlkoerpern fuer elektrische Bauelemente aus auf einem Bolzen senkrecht zur Laengsachse angeordneten Kuehlplatten, insbesondere fuer Halbleiterleistungsgleichrichter und Transistoren

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US2785349A true US2785349A (en) 1957-03-12

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US292304A Expired - Lifetime US2785349A (en) 1951-06-08 1952-06-07 Electric semi-conducting devices

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Country Link
US (1) US2785349A (fr)
BE (4) BE512559A (fr)
CH (2) CH342657A (fr)
DE (6) DE968077C (fr)
FR (4) FR1066148A (fr)
GB (4) GB795113A (fr)
LU (1) LU37433A1 (fr)
NL (3) NL170157B (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2850707A (en) * 1954-04-15 1958-09-02 Sylvania Electric Prod Electromagnetic coils
US20100175753A1 (en) * 2009-01-13 2010-07-15 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Solar cell module

Families Citing this family (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL236678A (fr) * 1958-03-04 1900-01-01
NL101704C (fr) * 1958-07-02
US2937110A (en) * 1958-07-17 1960-05-17 Westinghouse Electric Corp Protective treatment for semiconductor devices
NL113317C (fr) * 1958-09-16 1900-01-01
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1015934B (de) 1957-09-19
FR69762E (fr) 1958-12-30
DE968077C (de) 1958-01-16
DE1255823B (de) 1967-12-07
FR71643E (fr) 1960-01-13
GB795113A (en) 1958-05-14
CH342657A (de) 1959-11-30
CH384722A (de) 1965-02-26
BE512559A (fr) 1900-01-01
LU37433A1 (fr) 1900-01-01
BE554903A (fr) 1900-01-01
NL86185C (fr) 1900-01-01
DE1098102B (de) 1961-01-26
DE1069726B (de) 1959-11-26
GB914592A (en) 1963-01-02
NL170157B (nl) 1900-01-01
FR1066148A (fr) 1954-06-02
GB884824A (en) 1961-12-20
FR66909E (fr) 1957-10-31
GB877644A (en) 1961-09-20
BE538791A (fr) 1900-01-01
BE530249A (fr) 1900-01-01
NL238107A (fr) 1900-01-01
DE1060992B (de) 1959-07-09

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