US2615857A - Polyethylene-polyisobutylene composition - Google Patents
Polyethylene-polyisobutylene composition Download PDFInfo
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- US2615857A US2615857A US134784A US13478449A US2615857A US 2615857 A US2615857 A US 2615857A US 134784 A US134784 A US 134784A US 13478449 A US13478449 A US 13478449A US 2615857 A US2615857 A US 2615857A
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- polyethylene
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 18
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 title claims description 9
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 19
- -1 POLYETHYLENE Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004382 potting Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 15
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229920001083 polybutene Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZNRLMGFXSPUZNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4-trimethyl-1h-quinoline Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C)=CC(C)(C)NC2=C1 ZNRLMGFXSPUZNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006193 liquid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
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- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/68—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/68—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
- B29C70/84—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks by moulding material on preformed parts to be joined
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08L23/06—Polyethene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/18—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons having four or more carbon atoms
- C08L23/20—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons having four or more carbon atoms having four to nine carbon atoms
- C08L23/22—Copolymers of isobutene; Butyl rubber ; Homo- or copolymers of other iso-olefins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/20—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances liquids, e.g. oils
- H01B3/22—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances liquids, e.g. oils hydrocarbons
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G4/00—Fixed capacitors; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G4/002—Details
- H01G4/018—Dielectrics
- H01G4/20—Dielectrics using combinations of dielectrics from more than one of groups H01G4/02 - H01G4/06
- H01G4/22—Dielectrics using combinations of dielectrics from more than one of groups H01G4/02 - H01G4/06 impregnated
- H01G4/221—Dielectrics using combinations of dielectrics from more than one of groups H01G4/02 - H01G4/06 impregnated characterised by the composition of the impregnant
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/50—Assembly of semiconductor devices using processes or apparatus not provided for in a single one of the subgroups H01L21/06 - H01L21/326, e.g. sealing of a cap to a base of a container
- H01L21/56—Encapsulations, e.g. encapsulation layers, coatings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/16—Fillings or auxiliary members in containers or encapsulations, e.g. centering rings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/28—Encapsulations, e.g. encapsulating layers, coatings, e.g. for protection
- H01L23/29—Encapsulations, e.g. encapsulating layers, coatings, e.g. for protection characterised by the material, e.g. carbon
- H01L23/293—Organic, e.g. plastic
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2023/04—Polymers of ethylene
- B29K2023/06—PE, i.e. polyethylene
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/34—Electrical apparatus, e.g. sparking plugs or parts thereof
- B29L2031/3406—Components, e.g. resistors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
- H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10T29/49117—Conductor or circuit manufacturing
- Y10T29/49169—Assembling electrical component directly to terminal or elongated conductor
- Y10T29/49171—Assembling electrical component directly to terminal or elongated conductor with encapsulating
Definitions
- This invention relates to novel compositions useful for potting or embedding electrical apparatus.
- novel compositions of the present invention are particularly adapted to the potting of mechanically delicate and chemically sensitive apparatus such as germanium point contact rectifiers and transistors.
- Such point contact rectifiers or transistors may be made up of a body of germanium, or silicon, to which one or more electrical contacts are made by means of fine pointed wires, held frictionally, or otherwise, against the body. Since displacement of these wires on the surface of the body may result in defective or inoperative devices, it is necessary that some means be employed to prevent such displacement by the jarrin incident to manufacture and handling.
- the potting material must be capable of being reduced to a highly fluid state upon being heated to a moderately elevated temperature so that it can be poured into the container and caused to fill all the space in and around the device quickly and without the application of pressure. It must harden to a non-fluid state upon coolin to ordinary temperatures and must do so without setting up objectionable mechanical stresses which would tend to injure the device. It must be capable of withstanding the entire temperature range to which the device will be subjected in normal use, as from -40 C. to +85 C., without cracking, flowing or setting up undue mechanical stress.
- the potting compounds of the present invention possess this requisite combination of properties to a greater degree than any material hitherto suggested for this purpose to applicants knowledge.
- These compounds are, at ordinary temperatures, gels of normally solid ethylene polymers (polyethylene) in a normally liquid butene polymer (polybutene, or particularly polyisobutylene) Since these potting compounds are true gels and, therefore, possess finite static shear strengths, they will not fiow except upon the exerting of a finite pressure, as contrasted with extremely viscous liquids which, although giving the appearance of rigidity, nevertheless have the zero static shear strength which is characteristic of liquids and, therefore, flow under infinitesimal pressure if given suflicient time.
- potting compounds may be contrasted with solids, on the other hand, in that they are soft and plastic and are, therefore, much more readily and permanently deformable under stress so that they do not set up undesirable mechanical strains and do not crack with temperature change.
- these potting compounds are nonfiuid gels in the normal operating temperature range of the electrical apparatus, they are readily reduced to completely homogeneous liquids of sufficiently low viscosity to permit ready impregnation by heating to a moderately elevated temperature, such as slightly above C.
- a moderately elevated temperature such as slightly above C.
- the components of the potting compounds of the present invention are stable hydrocarbons which are available commercially in a form in which they are free from electrolyte impurities and possess excellent electrical properties. They are chemically inert and, therefore, they exert no undesirable corrosive effect upon the electrical apparatus and they do not degrade even the sensitive germanium surface in germanium rectifiers. v i
- a wafer l of rectifier material such as germanium
- the base 2 is screwed into one end of an internally threaded container 3.
- an externally threaded, electrically insulating sleeve 0. through the center of which passes an electrically conducting lead 5 on the end of which is mounted a pointed contact wire so situated that its pointed end makes electrical contact with the surface of the wafer i
- the space defined by the container 3 and the members closing each end is filled with the gel potting compound 7' described above.
- This potting compound is applied by heating it to a temperature sufficient to convert it to a homogeneous liquid and it is poured into the opening 3 until the space is filled. The compound is then allowed to cool and to gel to its non-fluid state.
- Devices of this type have been subjected to three drops from a height of 60 inches at room temperature without injury and have also withstood iive cycles from 55 C. to +80 C. without injury.
- a very suitable potting gel according to the present invention is made up of 7.5 per cent by weight of polyethylene having a molecular weight of about 12,000, as determined by the Staudinger method, 92 cent polyisobutylene having a molecular weight of about 3,000 and 0.5 per cent of an antioxidant, such as polymerized trimethyl dihydroquinoline.
- This composition is prepared by mixing the ingredients together at a tempera-- ture above the melting point of the polyethylene, such as 130 C. to 135 C., until a clear homogeneous mass is obtained.
- Soft gels suitable for the present invention can be formed in similar manner from other low molecular weight polyethylenes having a molecular weight between 4,000 and 15,000 or preferably between 7,000 and 15,000. Any viscous liquid polybutene, as of molecular weight between 2,000 and 7,000, or preferably between 2,000 and 5,000, may be used. Particularly when the mixture is to be maintained at elevated temperatures in its state in contact with air, it is desirable that an antioxidant in suitable amount, as from 0.1 per cent to 1 per cent be added.
- the gels of the present invention may be formed with widely varying proportions of polyethylene and polybutene.
- the amount of polyethylene in the gel is between per cent and 35 per cent although gels of satisfactory properties may be produced when the amount of polyethylene is as high as 90 per cent, particularly when the lower molecular weight polyethylenes are used.
- the remainder of the composition, aside from the antioxidant, if any, is polybutene, as discussed above, and therefore the proportions of this ingredient vary preferably from 65 per cent to 95 per cent, although as little as 10 per cent may be present.
- Examples of other of the gels of the present invention are one formed from 90 per cent of polyethylene of molecular weight of about 4,000 and 10 per cent of polyisobutylene of molecular weight of about 3,000, together with 0.5 per cent of antioxidant added to this'mixture, and one formed from 60 per cent of polyethylene of molecular weight of about 7,000 and 40 per cent of polyisobutylene of molecular weight of about 3,000, together with 0.5 per cent of antioxidant added to this mixture.
- a composition consisting essentially of a gel of between about 5 per cent and about 35 per cent of polyethylene having a molecular weight between about 4,000 and about 15,000 and the remainder a viscous, liquid polyisobutylene having a molecular weight between about 2,000 and about 7,000.
- composition as described in claim 1 wherein the composition contains an antioxidant.
- a composition consisting essentially of about 7.5 per cent of polyethylene of molecular weight of about 12,000 and the remainder po1yisobuty1- one or" molecular weight of about 3,000.
- composition as described in claim 3 wherein the composition contains an antioxidant.
- composition as described in claim 4 wherein the antioxidant is 0.5 per cent of polymerized trimethyl dihydroquinoline.
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Description
Oct. 28, 1952 w, CLARKE 2,615,857
POLYETHYLENE-POLYISOBUTYLENE COMPOSITION Filed Dec. 23, 1949 7 8 GEL POLYETHYLENE/N L/OU/D POLY/SOBUTYLENE //v l/EN TOR W J CLARKE A T TORNEV Patented Oct. 28, 1952 POLYETHYLENE-POLYISOBUTYLENE COMPOSITION Walter J. Clarke, Chatham, N. J assignor to Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated, New York, N. Y., a corporation of New York Application December 23, 1949, Serial No. 134,784
Claims.
This invention relates to novel compositions useful for potting or embedding electrical apparatus.
The novel compositions of the present invention are particularly adapted to the potting of mechanically delicate and chemically sensitive apparatus such as germanium point contact rectifiers and transistors. Such point contact rectifiers or transistors may be made up of a body of germanium, or silicon, to which one or more electrical contacts are made by means of fine pointed wires, held frictionally, or otherwise, against the body. Since displacement of these wires on the surface of the body may result in defective or inoperative devices, it is necessary that some means be employed to prevent such displacement by the jarrin incident to manufacture and handling.
In order to protect these devices, it is common to embed the contact wires and at least the contact surface of the body in a suitable material which will lessen the chance of damage upon jarring. This is commonly accomplished by enclosing the device in hollow container and filling this container with the potting material.
There is a definite combination of properties which must be possessed by such a potting material. In view of the delicacy of the apparatus, the potting material must be capable of being reduced to a highly fluid state upon being heated to a moderately elevated temperature so that it can be poured into the container and caused to fill all the space in and around the device quickly and without the application of pressure. It must harden to a non-fluid state upon coolin to ordinary temperatures and must do so without setting up objectionable mechanical stresses which would tend to injure the device. It must be capable of withstanding the entire temperature range to which the device will be subjected in normal use, as from -40 C. to +85 C., without cracking, flowing or setting up undue mechanical stress. It must be as chemically inert as possible so that it will not exert a corrosive or otherwise degrading action upon the device. It must be chemically and physically stable throughout the life of the device. It must, moreover, not possess adverse electrical properties, such as excessive surface or volume current leakage due to electrolyte impurities.
The potting compounds of the present invention possess this requisite combination of properties to a greater degree than any material hitherto suggested for this purpose to applicants knowledge. These compounds are, at ordinary temperatures, gels of normally solid ethylene polymers (polyethylene) in a normally liquid butene polymer (polybutene, or particularly polyisobutylene) Since these potting compounds are true gels and, therefore, possess finite static shear strengths, they will not fiow except upon the exerting of a finite pressure, as contrasted with extremely viscous liquids which, although giving the appearance of rigidity, nevertheless have the zero static shear strength which is characteristic of liquids and, therefore, flow under infinitesimal pressure if given suflicient time.
These potting compounds may be contrasted with solids, on the other hand, in that they are soft and plastic and are, therefore, much more readily and permanently deformable under stress so that they do not set up undesirable mechanical strains and do not crack with temperature change.
Although these potting compounds are nonfiuid gels in the normal operating temperature range of the electrical apparatus, they are readily reduced to completely homogeneous liquids of sufficiently low viscosity to permit ready impregnation by heating to a moderately elevated temperature, such as slightly above C. When these homogeneous liquid solutions of polyethylene in polybutene are cooled to ordinary temperatures, the polyethylene becomes somewhat incompatible with the polybutene and small crystallite regions of polyethylene are formed throughout the body of liquid polybutene. The resultant intermolecular forces between the solid polyethylene and the liquid polybutene result in a non-fluid gel.
The components of the potting compounds of the present invention are stable hydrocarbons which are available commercially in a form in which they are free from electrolyte impurities and possess excellent electrical properties. They are chemically inert and, therefore, they exert no undesirable corrosive effect upon the electrical apparatus and they do not degrade even the sensitive germanium surface in germanium rectifiers. v i
Electrical apparatus embodying the potting compounds described above is shown in the accompanying drawing, which is a front elevation, partly in section, of a point contact rectifier.
In the apparatus shown in this drawing, a wafer l of rectifier material, such as germanium, is mounted upon and permanently fixed to an electrically conductive base 2 which is externally threaded. The base 2 is screwed into one end of an internally threaded container 3. Into the other end of the container 3 is screwed an externally threaded, electrically insulating sleeve 0. through the center of which passes an electrically conducting lead 5 on the end of which is mounted a pointed contact wire so situated that its pointed end makes electrical contact with the surface of the wafer i The space defined by the container 3 and the members closing each end is filled with the gel potting compound 7' described above. This potting compound is applied by heating it to a temperature sufficient to convert it to a homogeneous liquid and it is poured into the opening 3 until the space is filled. The compound is then allowed to cool and to gel to its non-fluid state.
Devices of this type have been subjected to three drops from a height of 60 inches at room temperature without injury and have also withstood iive cycles from 55 C. to +80 C. without injury.
A very suitable potting gel according to the present invention is made up of 7.5 per cent by weight of polyethylene having a molecular weight of about 12,000, as determined by the Staudinger method, 92 cent polyisobutylene having a molecular weight of about 3,000 and 0.5 per cent of an antioxidant, such as polymerized trimethyl dihydroquinoline. This composition is prepared by mixing the ingredients together at a tempera-- ture above the melting point of the polyethylene, such as 130 C. to 135 C., until a clear homogeneous mass is obtained.
Soft gels suitable for the present invention can be formed in similar manner from other low molecular weight polyethylenes having a molecular weight between 4,000 and 15,000 or preferably between 7,000 and 15,000. Any viscous liquid polybutene, as of molecular weight between 2,000 and 7,000, or preferably between 2,000 and 5,000, may be used. Particularly when the mixture is to be maintained at elevated temperatures in its state in contact with air, it is desirable that an antioxidant in suitable amount, as from 0.1 per cent to 1 per cent be added.
The gels of the present invention may be formed with widely varying proportions of polyethylene and polybutene. Preferably, the amount of polyethylene in the gel is between per cent and 35 per cent although gels of satisfactory properties may be produced when the amount of polyethylene is as high as 90 per cent, particularly when the lower molecular weight polyethylenes are used. The remainder of the composition, aside from the antioxidant, if any, is polybutene, as discussed above, and therefore the proportions of this ingredient vary preferably from 65 per cent to 95 per cent, although as little as 10 per cent may be present.
Examples of other of the gels of the present invention are one formed from 90 per cent of polyethylene of molecular weight of about 4,000 and 10 per cent of polyisobutylene of molecular weight of about 3,000, together with 0.5 per cent of antioxidant added to this'mixture, and one formed from 60 per cent of polyethylene of molecular weight of about 7,000 and 40 per cent of polyisobutylene of molecular weight of about 3,000, together with 0.5 per cent of antioxidant added to this mixture.
These gels have been described above as applied to the potting of point contact translating devices. Obviously, their advantageous properties as set forth above fit them for the potting of other electrical apparatus.
The invention has been described in terms of its specific embodiments and, since certain modifications and equivalents will be apparent to those skilled in the art, this description is intended to be illustrative of, and not to constitute a limitation upon, the scope of the invention.
What is claimed is:
1. A composition consisting essentially of a gel of between about 5 per cent and about 35 per cent of polyethylene having a molecular weight between about 4,000 and about 15,000 and the remainder a viscous, liquid polyisobutylene having a molecular weight between about 2,000 and about 7,000.
2. A composition as described in claim 1 wherein the composition contains an antioxidant.
3. A composition consisting essentially of about 7.5 per cent of polyethylene of molecular weight of about 12,000 and the remainder po1yisobuty1- one or" molecular weight of about 3,000.
4. A composition as described in claim 3 wherein the composition contains an antioxidant.
5. A composition as described in claim 4 wherein the antioxidant is 0.5 per cent of polymerized trimethyl dihydroquinoline.
WALTER J. CLARKE.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,934,297 Eibner et al Nov. 7, 1933 1,980,483 Blackley Nov. 13, 1934 2,064,752 Ingram Dec. 15, 1936 2,129,722 Woodhouse Sept. 13, 1933 2,274,031 Bannon Feb. 24, 1942 2,339,958 Sparks Jan. 25, 1944 2,406,405 Salisbury Aug. 27, 1946 2,414,300 Hamilton Jan. 14, 1947 2,432,116 McLean et a1 Dec. 9, 1947 2,432,594 Thompson et al. Dec. 16, 1947 2,435,245 Strain Feb. 3, 1948 2,452,977 Kitchin Mar. 1, 1949 2,472,933 Brittain et a1 June 14, 1949 2,475,641 Rosenberg July 12, 1949 OTHER REFERENCES Hunter et al.: British Plastics, Mar. 1945, pages 94-96. 1
Rubber Age, Apr. 1946, page 72.
Plastics (of Chicago), Dec. 1948, pages 12 and 29.
Flory Jour. Am. Chem. Soc, vol. 65, Mar. 1943, pages 373-382.
Claims (1)
1. A COMPOSITION CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF A GEL OF BETWEEN ABOUT 5 PER CENT AND ABOUT 35 PER CENT OF POLYETHYLENE HAVING A MOLECULAR WEIGHT BETWEEN ABOUT 4,000 AND ABOUT 15,000 AND THE REMAINDER A VISCOUS, LIQUID POLYISOBUTYLENE HAVING A MOLECULAR WEIGHT BETWEEN ABOUT 2,000 AND ABOUT 7,000.
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL78456D NL78456C (en) | 1949-12-23 | ||
NL6904900.A NL157875B (en) | 1949-12-23 | FILLING ELEMENT FOR A BACK PRESSURE FILLER. | |
BE500203D BE500203A (en) | 1949-12-23 | ||
US134784A US2615857A (en) | 1949-12-23 | 1949-12-23 | Polyethylene-polyisobutylene composition |
FR1027943D FR1027943A (en) | 1949-12-23 | 1950-11-21 | Coating or impregnation material |
GB31023/50A GB697805A (en) | 1949-12-23 | 1950-12-20 | Compositions suitable for filling electrical apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US134784A US2615857A (en) | 1949-12-23 | 1949-12-23 | Polyethylene-polyisobutylene composition |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2615857A true US2615857A (en) | 1952-10-28 |
Family
ID=22464983
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US134784A Expired - Lifetime US2615857A (en) | 1949-12-23 | 1949-12-23 | Polyethylene-polyisobutylene composition |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2615857A (en) |
BE (1) | BE500203A (en) |
FR (1) | FR1027943A (en) |
GB (1) | GB697805A (en) |
NL (2) | NL78456C (en) |
Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2697268A (en) * | 1950-12-30 | 1954-12-21 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Diode fabricating apparatus |
US2726357A (en) * | 1952-10-22 | 1955-12-06 | Columbia Broadcasting Syst Inc | Semiconductor device |
US2768100A (en) * | 1953-09-30 | 1956-10-23 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Surface treatment of germanium circuit elements |
US2785349A (en) * | 1951-06-08 | 1957-03-12 | Int Standard Electric Corp | Electric semi-conducting devices |
US2924584A (en) * | 1956-06-20 | 1960-02-09 | Du Pont | Composition comprising polyethylene and an ethylenically unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon of 20-35 carbon atoms and article thereof |
US2993028A (en) * | 1957-06-18 | 1961-07-18 | Montedison Spa | Isotactic polypropylene-polyisobutene blend and method for making same |
US3132104A (en) * | 1959-04-07 | 1964-05-05 | Rockwell Mfg Co | Plug valve lubricant and sealant compositions |
US3283890A (en) * | 1964-06-22 | 1966-11-08 | United Shoe Machinery Corp | Thermoplastic adhesive rods or strips |
US3484533A (en) * | 1966-09-29 | 1969-12-16 | Texas Instruments Inc | Method for fabricating semiconductor package and resulting article of manufacture |
US3526522A (en) * | 1967-10-18 | 1970-09-01 | Gillette Co | Ink follower composition and method therefor |
US3656857A (en) * | 1967-10-18 | 1972-04-18 | Gillette Co | A ball point pen ink reservoir containing an improved ink follower |
US3964010A (en) * | 1974-03-16 | 1976-06-15 | Okazaki Tasuku | Simple, small-sized fuse |
US4622344A (en) * | 1984-03-05 | 1986-11-11 | Bend Research, Inc. | Recovery of ammoniacal copper with novel organogels |
US4771534A (en) * | 1987-10-16 | 1988-09-20 | Mold-Masters Limited | Method of manufacture of injection molding nozzle electrical terminal |
US5232113A (en) * | 1991-10-11 | 1993-08-03 | Aluminum Company Of America | Venting resealable container closure and associated method of manufacture |
US6028126A (en) * | 1996-07-25 | 2000-02-22 | Bic Corporation | Ink follower compositions |
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US1934297A (en) * | 1929-12-31 | 1933-11-07 | Consortium Elektrochem Ind | Compounds of polymerized vinyl esters and fatty oils |
US1980483A (en) * | 1931-11-17 | 1934-11-13 | Ici Ltd | Resin and resin forming compound |
US2064752A (en) * | 1934-03-12 | 1936-12-15 | Monsanto Chemicals | Preservation of rubber |
US2129722A (en) * | 1934-07-14 | 1938-09-13 | Du Pont | Esters of methacrylic acid |
US2274031A (en) * | 1938-02-25 | 1942-02-24 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Insulated electrical conductor |
US2339958A (en) * | 1939-09-14 | 1944-01-25 | Jasco Inc | Composition of matter containing polyethylene and polyisobutylene |
US2342116A (en) * | 1938-06-28 | 1944-02-22 | Int Cigar Mach Co | Vibrating feed for cigar machines |
US2406405A (en) * | 1941-05-19 | 1946-08-27 | Sperry Gyroscope Co Inc | Coaxial condenser crystal and method of making same |
US2414300A (en) * | 1943-02-02 | 1947-01-14 | Callenders Cable & Const Co | Electrical insulating compounds |
US2432594A (en) * | 1942-08-26 | 1947-12-16 | Union Switch & Signal Co | Rectifying detector for high-frequency alternating electric currents |
US2435245A (en) * | 1944-02-05 | 1948-02-03 | Du Pont | Stabilized polymers of ethylene |
US2462977A (en) * | 1945-03-28 | 1949-03-01 | Western Union Telegraph Co | Cable joint |
US2472938A (en) * | 1943-11-08 | 1949-06-14 | Gen Electric Co Ltd | Point-contact rectifier |
US2475641A (en) * | 1946-10-29 | 1949-07-12 | John Archer Carter | Prompting system |
-
0
- NL NL6904900.A patent/NL157875B/en unknown
- NL NL78456D patent/NL78456C/xx active
- BE BE500203D patent/BE500203A/xx unknown
-
1949
- 1949-12-23 US US134784A patent/US2615857A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1950
- 1950-11-21 FR FR1027943D patent/FR1027943A/en not_active Expired
- 1950-12-20 GB GB31023/50A patent/GB697805A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1934297A (en) * | 1929-12-31 | 1933-11-07 | Consortium Elektrochem Ind | Compounds of polymerized vinyl esters and fatty oils |
US1980483A (en) * | 1931-11-17 | 1934-11-13 | Ici Ltd | Resin and resin forming compound |
US2064752A (en) * | 1934-03-12 | 1936-12-15 | Monsanto Chemicals | Preservation of rubber |
US2129722A (en) * | 1934-07-14 | 1938-09-13 | Du Pont | Esters of methacrylic acid |
US2274031A (en) * | 1938-02-25 | 1942-02-24 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Insulated electrical conductor |
US2342116A (en) * | 1938-06-28 | 1944-02-22 | Int Cigar Mach Co | Vibrating feed for cigar machines |
US2339958A (en) * | 1939-09-14 | 1944-01-25 | Jasco Inc | Composition of matter containing polyethylene and polyisobutylene |
US2406405A (en) * | 1941-05-19 | 1946-08-27 | Sperry Gyroscope Co Inc | Coaxial condenser crystal and method of making same |
US2432594A (en) * | 1942-08-26 | 1947-12-16 | Union Switch & Signal Co | Rectifying detector for high-frequency alternating electric currents |
US2414300A (en) * | 1943-02-02 | 1947-01-14 | Callenders Cable & Const Co | Electrical insulating compounds |
US2472938A (en) * | 1943-11-08 | 1949-06-14 | Gen Electric Co Ltd | Point-contact rectifier |
US2435245A (en) * | 1944-02-05 | 1948-02-03 | Du Pont | Stabilized polymers of ethylene |
US2462977A (en) * | 1945-03-28 | 1949-03-01 | Western Union Telegraph Co | Cable joint |
US2475641A (en) * | 1946-10-29 | 1949-07-12 | John Archer Carter | Prompting system |
Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2697268A (en) * | 1950-12-30 | 1954-12-21 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Diode fabricating apparatus |
US2785349A (en) * | 1951-06-08 | 1957-03-12 | Int Standard Electric Corp | Electric semi-conducting devices |
US2726357A (en) * | 1952-10-22 | 1955-12-06 | Columbia Broadcasting Syst Inc | Semiconductor device |
US2768100A (en) * | 1953-09-30 | 1956-10-23 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Surface treatment of germanium circuit elements |
US2924584A (en) * | 1956-06-20 | 1960-02-09 | Du Pont | Composition comprising polyethylene and an ethylenically unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon of 20-35 carbon atoms and article thereof |
US2993028A (en) * | 1957-06-18 | 1961-07-18 | Montedison Spa | Isotactic polypropylene-polyisobutene blend and method for making same |
US3132104A (en) * | 1959-04-07 | 1964-05-05 | Rockwell Mfg Co | Plug valve lubricant and sealant compositions |
US3283890A (en) * | 1964-06-22 | 1966-11-08 | United Shoe Machinery Corp | Thermoplastic adhesive rods or strips |
US3484533A (en) * | 1966-09-29 | 1969-12-16 | Texas Instruments Inc | Method for fabricating semiconductor package and resulting article of manufacture |
US3526522A (en) * | 1967-10-18 | 1970-09-01 | Gillette Co | Ink follower composition and method therefor |
US3656857A (en) * | 1967-10-18 | 1972-04-18 | Gillette Co | A ball point pen ink reservoir containing an improved ink follower |
US3964010A (en) * | 1974-03-16 | 1976-06-15 | Okazaki Tasuku | Simple, small-sized fuse |
US4622344A (en) * | 1984-03-05 | 1986-11-11 | Bend Research, Inc. | Recovery of ammoniacal copper with novel organogels |
US4771534A (en) * | 1987-10-16 | 1988-09-20 | Mold-Masters Limited | Method of manufacture of injection molding nozzle electrical terminal |
US5232113A (en) * | 1991-10-11 | 1993-08-03 | Aluminum Company Of America | Venting resealable container closure and associated method of manufacture |
US6028126A (en) * | 1996-07-25 | 2000-02-22 | Bic Corporation | Ink follower compositions |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BE500203A (en) | |
NL157875B (en) | |
NL78456C (en) | |
GB697805A (en) | 1953-09-30 |
FR1027943A (en) | 1953-05-18 |
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