US20150091842A1 - Matrix sensor for image touch sensing - Google Patents
Matrix sensor for image touch sensing Download PDFInfo
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- US20150091842A1 US20150091842A1 US14/042,661 US201314042661A US2015091842A1 US 20150091842 A1 US20150091842 A1 US 20150091842A1 US 201314042661 A US201314042661 A US 201314042661A US 2015091842 A1 US2015091842 A1 US 2015091842A1
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- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
- G06F3/044—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means
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- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
- G06F3/044—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means
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- G06F2203/04101—2.5D-digitiser, i.e. digitiser detecting the X/Y position of the input means, finger or stylus, also when it does not touch, but is proximate to the digitiser's interaction surface and also measures the distance of the input means within a short range in the Z direction, possibly with a separate measurement setup
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- G06F2203/04112—Electrode mesh in capacitive digitiser: electrode for touch sensing is formed of a mesh of very fine, normally metallic, interconnected lines that are almost invisible to see. This provides a quite large but transparent electrode surface, without need for ITO or similar transparent conductive material
Definitions
- proximity sensor devices also commonly called touchpads or touch sensor devices
- a proximity sensor device typically includes a sensing region, often demarked by a surface, in which the proximity sensor device determines the presence, location and/or motion of one or more input objects.
- Proximity sensor devices may be used to provide interfaces for the electronic system.
- proximity sensor devices are often used as input devices for larger computing systems (such as opaque touchpads integrated in, or peripheral to, notebook or desktop computers).
- proximity sensor devices are also often used in smaller computing systems (such as touch screens integrated in cellular phones).
- Embodiments described herein include a display device having a capacitive sensing device, a processing system and a method for detecting presence of an input object using a capacitive sensing device, all of which include a grid electrode for improved absolute sensing.
- Other embodiments include a display device having a capacitive sensing device, a processing system and a method for detecting presence of an input object using a capacitive sensing device, wherein the capacitive sensing device includes a matrix of discrete sensor electrodes.
- a processing system for an input device includes a sensor module having sensor circuitry coupled to a grid electrode disposed between a first sensor electrode and a second sensor electrode of a plurality of sensor electrodes.
- Each of the plurality of sensor electrodes includes at least one common electrode configured to be driven for display updating and capacitive sensing.
- the sensor module is configured to, in a first mode of operation, modulate the first sensor electrode and the second sensor electrode to acquire measurements of changes in absolute capacitance between the first sensor electrode, the second sensor electrode and an input object and drive the grid electrode with a shielding signal configured to shield the first sensor electrode from the second sensor electrode.
- a method for detecting presence of an input object using a capacitive sensing device has a grid electrode disposed between a first sensor electrode and a second sensor electrode of a plurality of sensor electrodes, wherein each of the plurality of sensor electrodes includes at least one common electrodes of a display device.
- the method includes acquiring measurements of changes in absolute capacitive sensing by driving onto and receiving with the first sensor electrode while in a first mode of operation, driving the grid electrode with a shielding signal while in the first mode of operation, the shielding signal to shield the first sensor electrode and the second sensor electrode, and determining positional information based on the measurements of changes in absolute capacitive coupling.
- FIG. 2C illustrates an alternative array of sensor elements that may be used in the input device of FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 3 is a simplified sectional view of the sensor elements of FIG. 1 illustrating the active portion of the sensor electrodes aligned with pixels elements of a display.
- embodiments of the present technology provide input devices and methods for improving usability. Particularly, embodiments described herein advantageously utilized absolute sensing techniques to provide good input object location within a sensing region, even in applications where multiple input objects are present or when the input object is in motion. Additionally, some other embodiments provide for switching between absolute and transcapacitive sensing mode, thus allowing the appropriate sensing mode to be utilized to best determine the position and motion of one or more objects within the sensing region.
- some embodiments sense input that comprises no contact with any surfaces of the input device 100 , contact with an input surface (e.g. a touch surface) of the input device 100 , contact with an input surface of the input device 100 coupled with some amount of applied force or pressure, and/or a combination thereof.
- input surfaces may be provided by surfaces of casings within which the sensor electrodes reside, by face sheets applied over the sensor electrodes or any casings, etc.
- the sensing region 170 has a rectangular shape when projected onto an input surface of the input device 100 .
- the input device 100 may utilize any combination of sensor components and sensing technologies to detect user input in the sensing region 170 .
- the input device 100 comprises a plurality of sensing elements 124 for detecting user input.
- the sensing elements 124 include a plurality of sensor electrodes 120 and one or more grid electrodes 122 .
- the input device 100 may use capacitive, elastive, resistive, inductive, magnetic acoustic, ultrasonic, and/or optical techniques.
- a flexible and conductive first layer is separated by one or more spacer elements from a conductive second layer.
- one or more voltage gradients are created across the layers. Pressing the flexible first layer may deflect it sufficiently to create electrical contact between the layers, resulting in voltage outputs reflective of the point(s) of contact between the layers. These voltage outputs may be used to determine positional information.
- one or more sensing elements 124 pickup loop currents induced by a resonating coil or pair of coils. Some combination of the magnitude, phase, and frequency of the currents may then be used to determine positional information.
- some capacitive implementations utilize “mutual capacitance” (or “transcapacitance”) sensing methods based on changes in the capacitive coupling between sensor electrodes 120 .
- an input object 140 near the sensor electrodes 120 alters the electric field between the sensor electrodes 120 , thus changing the measured capacitive coupling.
- a transcapacitive sensing method operates by detecting the capacitive coupling between one or more transmitter sensor electrodes (also “transmitter electrodes”) and one or more receiver sensor electrodes (also “receiver electrodes”) as further described below.
- Transmitter sensor electrodes may be modulated relative to a reference voltage (e.g., system ground) to transmit a transmitter signals.
- the processing system 110 responds to user input (or lack of user input) in the sensing region 170 directly by causing one or more actions.
- Example actions include changing operation modes, as well as GUI actions such as cursor movement, selection, menu navigation, and other functions.
- the processing system 110 provides information about the input (or lack of input) to some part of the electronic system (e.g. to a central processing system of the electronic system that is separate from the processing system 110 , if such a separate central processing system exists).
- some part of the electronic system processes information received from the processing system 110 to act on user input, such as to facilitate a full range of actions, including mode changing actions and GUI actions.
- the processing system 110 operates the sensing element(s) 124 of the input device 100 to produce electrical signals indicative of input (or lack of input) in the sensing region 170 .
- the processing system 110 may perform any appropriate amount of processing on the electrical signals in producing the information provided to the electronic system.
- the processing system 110 may digitize analog electrical signals obtained from the sensing elements 124 .
- the processing system 110 may perform filtering, demodulation or other signal conditioning.
- processing system 110 generates a capacitive image directly from the resulting signals received with sensing elements 124 (sensor electrodes 120 ).
- processing system 110 spatially filters (e.g., taking a difference, weighted sum of neighboring elements) the resulting signals received with sensing elements 124 (or sensor electrodes 120 ) to generate a sharpened or averaged image.
- the processing system 110 may subtract or otherwise account for a baseline, such that the information reflects a difference between the electrical signals and the baseline.
- the processing system 110 may determine positional information, recognize inputs as commands, recognize handwriting, and the like.
- Positional information as used herein broadly encompasses absolute position, relative position, velocity, acceleration, and other types of spatial information.
- Exemplary “zero-dimensional” positional information includes near/far or contact/no contact information.
- Exemplary “one-dimensional” positional information includes positions along an axis.
- Exemplary “two-dimensional” positional information includes motions in a plane.
- Exemplary “three-dimensional” positional information includes instantaneous or average velocities in space. Further examples include other representations of spatial information.
- Historical data regarding one or more types of positional information may also be determined and/or stored, including, for example, historical data that tracks position, motion, or instantaneous velocity over time.
- the pattern of sensing elements 124 may comprises a plurality of sensor electrodes 120 having other configurations, such as polar arrays, repeating patters, non-repeating patterns, a single row or column, or other suitable arrangement. Further, in various embodiments the number of sensor electrodes may vary from row to row and/or column to column. In one embodiment, at least one row and/or column of sensor electrodes 120 is offset from the others, such it extends further in at least one direction than the others.
- the sensor electrodes 120 and grid electrodes 122 are coupled to the processing system 110 and utilized to determine the presence (or lack thereof) of an input object 140 in the sensing region 170 .
- the dimensions of the first grid electrode are equal to the dimensions of the second grid electrode. In one embodiment, at least one dimension of the first grid electrode differs from a dimension of the second grid electrode.
- the first grid electrode may be configured such that is disposed between a first and second sensor electrode 120 and the second grid electrode may be configured such that it overlaps at least one of the first and second senor electrodes 120 and the first grid electrode. Further, the first grid electrode may be configured such that it is disposed between a first and second sensor electrode 120 and the second grid electrode may be configured such that it only overlaps the first grid electrode and is smaller than the first grid electrode.
- the sensor electrodes 120 may be split into groups of transmitter and receiver electrodes utilized to detect the presence of an input object via transcapacitive sensing techniques. That is, processing system 110 may drive a first group of sensor electrodes 120 with a transmitter signal and receive resulting signals with the second group of sensor electrodes 120 , where a resulting signal comprising effects corresponding to the transmitter signal. The resulting signal is utilized by the processing system 110 or other processor to determine the position of the input object.
- the sensor electrodes 120 are “scanned” to determine these capacitive couplings. That is, in one embodiment, one or more of the sensor electrodes 120 are driven to transmit a transmitter signals. Transmitters may be operated such that one transmitter electrode transmits at one time, or multiple transmitter electrodes transmit at the same time. Where multiple transmitter electrodes transmit simultaneously, the multiple transmitter electrodes may transmit the same transmitter signal and effectively produce an effectively larger transmitter electrode. Alternatively, the multiple transmitter electrodes may transmit different transmitter signals. For example, multiple transmitter electrodes may transmit different transmitter signals according to one or more coding schemes that enable their combined effects on the resulting signals of receiver electrodes to be independently determined. In one embodiment, multiple transmitter electrodes may simultaneously transmit the same transmitter signal while the receiver electrodes are received with using a scanning scheme.
- the sensor electrodes may be selected based on, but not limited to, an application running on the host processor, a status of the input device, and an operating mode of the sensing device.
- processing system 110 may be configured to selectively shield at least portion of sensor electrodes 120 and to selectively shield or transmit with the grid electrode(s) 122 while selectively receiving and/or transmitting with other sensor electrodes 120 .
- multiple sensor electrodes 120 may be ganged together such that the sensor electrodes 120 are simultaneously modulated or simultaneously received with. As compared to the methods described above, ganging together multiple sensor electrodes may produce a course capacitive image that may not be usable to discern precise positional information. However, a course capacitive image may be used to sense presence of an input object. In one embodiment, the course capacitive image may be used to move processing system 110 or the input device 100 out of a doze or low power mode. In one embodiment, the course capacitive image may be used to move a capacitive sensor integrated circuit out of a doze mode or low power mode. In another embodiment, the course capacitive image may be used to move a host integrated circuit out of a doze mode or low power mode. The course capacitive image may correspond to the entire sensor area or only to a portion of the sensor area.
- one or more of the sensor electrodes 120 comprise one or more display electrodes used in updating the display of the display screen.
- the display electrodes may comprise one or more elements of the Active Matrix display such as one or more segments of a segmented Vcom electrode (common electrode(s)), a source drive line, gate line, an anode sub-pixel electrode or cathode pixel electrode, or any other display element. These display electrodes may be disposed on an appropriate display screen substrate.
- the processing system 110 coupled to the sensor electrodes 120 includes a sensor module 204 and optionally, a display driver module 208 .
- the sensor module 204 includes circuitry configured to drive at least one of the sensor electrodes 120 for capacitive sensing during periods in which input sensing is desired.
- the sensor module is configured to drive a modulated signal onto the at least one sensor electrode to detect changes in absolute capacitance between the at least one sensor electrode and an input object.
- the sensor module is configured to drive a transmitter signal onto the at least one sensor electrode to detect changes in a transcapacitance between the at least one sensor electrode and another sensor electrode.
- the modulated and transmitter signals are generally varying voltage signals comprising a plurality of voltage transitions over a period of time allocated for input sensing.
- the sensor electrodes 120 and/or grid electrode 122 may be driven differently in different modes of operation.
- the sensor electrodes 120 and/or grid electrode 122 may be driven with signals (modulated signals, transmitter signals and/or shield signals) that may differ in any one of phase, amplitude and/or shape.
- three modulated signal and transmitter signal are similar in at least one shape, frequency, amplitude and/or phase.
- the modulated signal and the transmitter signals are different in frequency, shape, phase, amplitude and phase.
- the shielding signal may be referred to as a guarding signal where the guarding signal is a varying voltage signal having at least one of a similar phase, frequency and amplitude as the modulated signal driven on to the sensor electrodes.
- routing e.g., traces 240 and/or 242
- routing may be shielded from responding to an input object due to routing beneath the grid electrode 122 and/or sensor electrodes 120 , and therefore may not be part of the active sensor electrodes, shown as sensor electrodes 120 .
- the sensor module 204 includes circuitry configured to receive resulting signals with the sensing elements 124 comprising effects corresponding to the modulated signals or the transmitter signals during periods in which input sensing is desired.
- the sensor module 204 may determine a position of the input object 140 in the sensing region 170 or may provide a signal including information indicative of the resulting signal to another module or processor, for example, determination module or a processor of the electronic device 150 (i.e., a host processor), for determining the position of the input object 140 in the sensing region 170 .
- the conductive traces 240 and/or 242 may be disposed in a Vcom electrode jumper layer.
- the Vcom electrode jumper layer may be referred to as metal layer three or a metal interconnect layer three.
- conductive traces may be disposed on both a source drive layer and a Vcom electrode jumper layer.
- the display device may comprise a “dual gate” or half source driver” configuration, allowing conductive routing traces 240 and/or 242 to be disposed between source drivers on the source driver layer.
- orthogonal directions of connections between the conductive traces 240 and 242 they may be place on separate layers with vias between them
- the grid electrode 122 may also be segmented.
- the segmentation of the grid electrode 122 may allow segments of the grid electrode 122 be less visible.
- the segments may be interconnect using traces or vias, so that the all the segments of the grid electrode 122 may be driven simultaneously with a common signal.
- one or more of the segments of the grid electrode 122 may be driven independently to facilitate scanning of the sensor electrodes 120 when configured as receiver electrodes in certain modes of operation as discussed further below.
- FIG. 2B illustrates an alternative array of sensor elements 124 that may be used in the input device 100 of FIG. 1 .
- sensor elements 124 includes a grid electrode 122 that may comprise substantially more surface area than the sensor electrodes 120 .
- the grid electrode 122 at least partially circumscribes one or more sensor electrodes 120 , for example as indicated by reference arrow 290 .
- the grid electrode 122 completely circumscribes at least one sensor electrode 120 and only partially circumscribes other sensor electrodes 120 , for example as indicated by reference arrows 290 and 292 .
- the grid electrode 122 may completely circumscribe all of the sensor electrodes 120 .
- the grid electrode 122 may be segmented as described with reference to FIG. 2A .
- two or more grid electrode 122 may be coupled to processing system 110 via a common conductive routing trace 242 , in other words, the traces 242 (1,1) , 242 (1,B) , 242 (A,1) , and 242 (A,B) are ganged together.
- a multiplexer (or similar circuitry) may be used to switch between grid electrodes 122 .
- the plurality of grid electrodes 122 may be arranged in an orientation having an aerial extent extending farther in a first direction than a second direction, the second direction orthogonal to the first direction.
- each gird electrode 122 is arranged in an orientation having an aerial extent extending farther in the first direction than the second direction.
- each gird electrode 122 is arranged in an orientation having an aerial extent extending farther in the second direction than the first direction.
- each grid electrode 122 is arranged in an orientation having an aerial extent extending a substantially equal distance in the first and second directions.
- the grid electrodes 122 may be configured such that one or more grid electrode 122 has an aerial extent which is oriented differently than at least one other grid electrode 122 .
- a first grid electrode 122 may extend further in the first direction than the second direction and a second grid electrode 122 may extend further in the second direction than the first.
- other combinations of grid electrode 122 orientations are possible.
- the grid electrodes 122 may be oriented such that each grid electrode 122 is substantially similar in size. At least one of the sensor electrodes 120 or sets of sensor electrodes 120 may be similarly configured as described above with reference to the grid electrodes 122 .
- one or more sensor electrodes 120 may share a coupling to the processing system 110 .
- the sensor electrodes 120 may be grouped such that at least two are coupled in a direction that is orthogonal to the orientation of the grid electrode 122 .
- multiple sensor electrodes 120 (3,1) , 120 (3,2) , 120 (3,Y-1) , and 120 (3,Y) have an orientation that is orthogonal to grid electrode 122 (1,1) and may be coupled to a common conductive routing trace 240 3 .
- each sensor electrode 120 may be coupled to a different conductive routing trace 240 and to a common pin of processing system 110 .
- a multiplexer may be coupled to the conductive routing trace or traces 240 so that the sensor electrodes 120 may be individually coupled to the processing system 110 when sharing a conductive routing trace 240 .
- each sensor electrode 120 may be coupled to a different conductive routing trace 240 , where each conductive routing trace 240 is coupled to a different pin of processing system 110 .
- Processing system 110 may be configured to simultaneously receive with multiple sensor electrodes 120 or receive with each sensor electrode 120 independently.
- processing system 110 may be configured to receive with a plurality of sensor electrodes 120 using a scanning, time multiplexed, scheme when more than one grid electrode is driven with a transmitter signal.
- the grid electrodes may be adjacent to each other or non-adjacent to each other.
- two sensor electrodes may be simultaneously received with while grid electrode that corresponds to one of the sensor electrodes is driven with a transmitter signal.
- Processing system 110 may be configured to simultaneously drive transmitter signals onto each grid electrode 122 and receive resulting signals with the sensor electrodes 120 .
- each grid electrode 122 may be driven with a transmitter signal that is based on a different one of a plurality of digital codes.
- the digital codes may be any code such that they provide mathematical independent results.
- the digital codes for the set of transmitters are substantially orthogonal—i.e., exhibit very low cross-correlation, as is known in the art. Note that two codes may be considered substantially orthogonal even when those codes do not exhibit strict, zero cross-correlation.
- the digital codes are pseudo-random sequence codes.
- the sensor electrode 120 may be paired with a floating electrode 250 .
- the sensor electrodes 120 , floating electrode(s) 250 and the grid electrode 122 may cover the entire Vcom plane.
- the shape of the paired sensor electrode 120 and the floating electrode 250 may be selected for specific applications, and in one embodiment, the area of the paired sensor electrode 120 is smaller than the area of the floating electrode 250 , for example by less than 50 percent.
- the grid electrode 122 is disposed between the sensor electrodes 120 .
- the grid electrode 122 comprises one or more common electrodes of the display device.
- the grid electrode 122 is laterally spaced apart from the two sensor electrodes 120 a distance corresponding to the distance between pixel elements of the display device.
- the width of the portion of the grid electrode 122 disposed between adjacent sensor electrodes 120 may be balanced to improve the settling time of the grid electrode, as well as number of conductive traces 142 and their connections to different portions of the grid electrode 122 , if segmented.
- the grid electrode 122 is disposed such that it is between and at least partially overlaps with at least two sensor electrodes.
- the sensor electrodes 120 are configured to both be driven with a modulated signal provided by the processing system 110 and the capacitive coupling between the modulated sensor electrode(s) and an input object is measured.
- resulting signals comprises effect corresponding to the modulated signals are received with the sensor electrodes and the capacitive coupling between the sensor electrode(s) and the input object is based on the resulting signals.
- the measurements may be utilized by the processing system 110 or other processor to determine the position of the input object based on a measurement of absolute capacitance.
- a modulated signal is driven onto the sensor electrodes 120 by the processing system 110 , an electric field is generated by each sensor electrode 120 and extends from the plane of the sensor electrodes 120 .
- the input device 100 is also able to provide accurate multi-touch finger tracking capability without blurring the object across multiple sensor electrodes 120 since the dimensions of the sensor electrodes 120 may be reduced.
- use of the grid electrode 122 enable of good multi-touch performance even while only a portion of the common electrode layer of the input device 100 is operating in an absolute sensing mode.
- the amplitude and/or phase of the shielding signal may be varied as input objects progressively approach the input device 100 .
- the amplitude and/or phase of the shielding signal may be varied based on the an operation mode of the input device 100 .
- the grid electrode 122 may be driven with a first shielding signal when the sensor electrodes 120 are driven as transmitter electrodes and a second shielding signal when the sensor electrodes 120 are driven as absolute sensor electrodes.
- the first and second sensor electrodes may differ in at least one of a phase, amplitude and/or frequency.
- the grid electrode 122 may be electrically floated when the sensor electrodes 120 are driven as transmitter electrodes and a shielding signal when the sensor electrodes 120 are driven as absolute sensor electrodes.
- the grid electrode 122 are spaced above the sensor electrodes 120 by a distance 400 .
- the spacing of the grid electrode 122 above the sensor electrodes 120 may control the capacitive coupling between input objects and the sensor electrodes 120 as compared to the coplanar grid electrode 122 illustrated in FIG. 3 thereby providing increased positional accuracy of an input object 140 .
- the grid electrode 122 is illustrated as being above the sensor electrodes 120 , in other embodiments, the grid electrode may be disposed below the sensor electrodes 120 . In one embodiment a second grid electrode may be disposed between and on the same layer as the sensor electrode below the grid electrode 122 . In one embodiment the grid electrode 122 may overlap two sensor electrodes of the plurality of sensor electrodes 120 .
- any of the arrangement of sensing elements 124 illustrated in FIGS. 2-5 may be alternatively utilized in the second mode of operation.
- the sensor electrode 120 are utilized to detect the presence of an input object via transcapacitive sensing when a transmitter signal is driven onto the grid electrode 122 . That is, the grid electrode 122 is configured to transmit a transmitter signal provided by the processing system 110 and each sensor electrode 120 is configured to receive a resulting signal comprising effects corresponding to the transmitter signal, which is utilized by the processing system 110 or other processor to determine the position of the input object.
- the settling performance in transcapacitive second mode is improved over that of a conventional bars/stripes sensors in that the large surface area of the grid electrode 122 may have a reduced resistance as compared to conventional transmitter electrodes in that the transmitter signal does not have to be driven through long traces routed down the sides of the display active area as in conventional transmitter electrodes.
- the settling performance of the grid electrode 122 can be further improved in a matrix-addressed scheme by reducing the effective capacitance of the grid electrode 122 by applying a shielding signal configured to guard the grid electrode 122 from those sensor electrodes 120 which are actively being utilized as receiver electrodes.
- the grid electrode 122 operating in the second mode functions as a single transmitter electrode and each of the arrayed matrix of sensor electrodes 120 functions as a receiver electrode for transcapacitance sensing operation. With all the sensor electrodes 120 functioning as receiver electrodes, all resulting signals may be acquired at one moment in time. Alternatively, multiplexing can be utilized to scan through sensor electrodes 120 functioning as receiver electrodes.
- the sensor electrodes 120 may be addressed in a matrix by utilizing a grid electrode 122 that has been divided into multiple segments (such as segments 230 , 232 , 234 illustrated in FIG. 2A ) that can be independently and sequentially driven to determine the X and Y location of the input object 140 relative to the input device 100 .
- the sensor electrodes 120 acting as receiver electrodes may be scanned while using different portions of the grid electrode 122 as transmitter electrodes to increase the positional accuracy of the input device 100 .
- the sensor electrodes 120 are split into a group of transmitter electrodes 602 and a group of receiver electrodes 604 .
- the particular sensor elements 120 designated as transmitter electrodes 602 and receiver electrodes 604 may be assigned by the processing system 110 according to a predefined criteria or predefined sequence.
- the particular sensor elements 120 designated as transmitter electrodes 602 and receiver electrodes 604 may be selected in response to an input object in a predefined location in the sensing region 170 or a predefined resulting signal received on one or more of the receiver electrodes 604 .
- the sensor elements 120 designated as transmitter electrodes 602 and receiver electrodes 604 may be assigned in accordance to a predetermined programmed sequence.
- one or more of the sensor electrodes 120 functioning as the transmitter electrodes 602 may be switched to function as a receiver electrode 604 .
- the switching of sensor electrodes 120 between receivers and transmitters may be accomplished by multiplexing. As shown in the embodiment depicted in FIG. 7 , all the sensor electrodes 120 functioning as transmitter electrodes 602 in FIG. 6 have been switch to function as receiver electrodes 704 , while all the sensor electrodes 120 functioning as receiver electrodes 604 in FIG. 6 have been switched to function as transmitter electrodes 702 .
- the switching between assignment as receiver and transmitter electrodes may occur over two or more multiplexing steps.
- Switching of the sensor electrodes 120 between functioning as receiver and transmitter electrodes allows a capacitive image to be captured in reduced period of time compared to scanning through each of the transmitter electrodes individually.
- the modulate pattern shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 allows a capacitive image to be captured after two modulate periods.
- various other sensing patterns may be used, where more or less modulate periods may be used.
- the sensor electrodes may be selectively configured as transmitter and receiver electrodes such that 4 or 8 modulate periods are needed to determine the capacitive image.
- other modulate patterns may be used that need any number of modulate periods to determine the capacitive image.
- FIG. 8 is a flow diagram of one embodiment of a method 800 for detecting presence of an input object.
- the method 800 utilizes a capacitive sensing device, such as the input device 100 described above, to perform an absolute sensing routine.
- the capacitive sensing device utilized to perform the method 800 includes a grid electrode disposed between a first sensor electrode and a second sensor electrode of a plurality of sensor electrodes.
- the method begins at step 802 by driving a modulated signal onto a first sensor electrode of the sensor electrodes 120 while in a first mode of operation.
- the method 800 proceeds to step 804 by determining the absolute capacitive coupling of the first sensor electrode of the sensor electrodes 120 , while in the first mode of operation.
- the resulting signal may be utilized to determine the presence, or lack thereof, of an input object in the sensing region 170 by the processing system 110 or the electronic system 150 .
- Non-limiting examples of the first mode of operation have been provided above with reference to FIG. 2A through FIG. 5 . It is contemplated that the method 800 may be practiced utilizing other sensor configurations associated with one or more grid electrodes.
- the method 800 additionally includes optional a step in which the driver module 208 drives a display update signal onto the common electrodes which comprise one or more of the sensor electrodes 120 .
- the display update signal is generally provide during a non-display update (i.e., sensing) period, for example, during the period when step 802 and step 804 are not being performed.
- the method 900 may also include changing the signal driven on the grid electrode 122 over subsequent iterations of step 902 and step 904 .
- the grid electrode 122 may be driven with a first transmitter signal having a first amplitude to detect input objects in close proximity to the input device, then driven with a shielding signal having a second amplitude to detect input objects further from and in far field proximity to the input device with less interference from neighboring electrodes.
- the method 900 may optionally include step 906 in which the mode of operation is switched to either a third (transcapacitive) mode of operation, illustrated by the flow diagram of FIG. 10 , or to a first (absolute) mode of operation, as previously described with reference to the flow diagram of FIG. 8 .
- the method 900 additionally includes optional step in which the driver module 208 drives a display update signal onto the common electrodes which comprise one or more of the sensor electrodes 120 .
- the display update signal is generally provide during a display update (i.e., sensing) period, for example, during the period when step 902 and step 904 are not being performed.
- the method 900 may also terminate without performance of step 906 .
- the method 900 may also be performed on other input devices, including those not associated with display devices.
- Portions of the method 900 may optionally be repeated over one or more iterations, as indicated by arrows 910 , 912 , 914 .
- the method 900 may also terminate without performance of step 906 .
- the method 900 may also be performed on other input devices, including those not associated with display devices.
- FIG. 10 is a flow diagram of one embodiment of a method 1000 for detecting presence of an input object utilizing the second mode of operation, i.e., a transcapacitive sensing routine.
- the method 1000 utilizes a capacitive sensing device, such as the input device 100 described above, the capacitive sensing device having a grid electrode disposed between a first sensor electrode and a second sensor electrode of a plurality of sensor electrodes.
- the method begins at step 1002 by driving a transmitter signal onto a first group of sensor electrodes 120 (also shown as transmitter electrode 602 in FIG. 6 ) while in a third mode of operation.
- the method 1000 proceeds to step 1004 by receiving a resulting signal with a second group of sensor electrodes 120 (also shown as receiver electrode 604 in FIG. 6 ) comprising effects corresponding to the transmitter signal, while in the first mode of operation.
- the resulting signal may be utilized to determine the presence, or lack thereof, of an input object in the sensing region 170 by the processing system 110 or the electronic system
- Non-limiting examples of the third mode of operation have been provided above with reference to FIG. 6 , with optional steps described with reference to FIG. 7 . It is contemplated that the method 1000 may be practiced utilizing other sensor configurations associated with one or more grid electrodes.
- the method 1000 additionally includes optional step in which the driver module 208 drives a display update signal onto the common electrodes which comprise one or more of the sensor electrodes 120 .
- the display update signal is generally provide during a non-display update (i.e., sensing) period, for example, during the period when step 1002 and step 1004 are not being performed.
- the method 1000 may also terminate without performance of step 1006 .
- the method 1000 may also be performed on other input devices, including those not associated with display devices.
- Portions of the method 1000 may optionally be repeated over one or more iterations, as indicated by arrows 1010 , 1012 , 1014 .
- the method 1000 may also terminate without performance of step 1006 .
- the method 1000 may also be performed on other input devices, including those not associated with display devices.
- the display device 160 generally includes a plurality of transparent substrates positioned over a substrate 1124 (i.e., TFT glass) of the display device 160 .
- a plurality of transparent substrates positioned over the substrate 1124 of the display device 160 includes a lens 1112 , an optional polarizer 1114 , an optional anti-shatter film 1116 , and a color filter glass (CFG) 1118 .
- the grid electrode 122 is disposed at least partially on one of these transparent substrates, and/or on the substrate 1124 of the display device 160 . In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 11 , the grid electrode 122 is shown disposed on a lower surface (i.e. surface facing substrate 1124 of the active element 1124 ) of the lens 1112 .
- the grid electrode 122 may alternatively be positioned on, at least partially formed directly on, or fully formed directly on a lower side of the optional anti-shatter film 1116 , as illustrated by reference numeral 1138 .
- the grid electrode 122 may alternative be positioned on, at least partially formed directly on, or fully formed directly on an upper side of the CFG 1118 , as illustrated by reference numeral 1140 .
- the grid electrode 122 may alternatively be positioned on, at least partially formed directly on, or fully formed directly on a lower side of the CFG 1118 , as illustrated by reference numeral 1142 .
- the grid electrode may be aligned with the black mask disposed on the CFG 1118 .
- the grid electrode 122 may be comprised of a wire mesh material, where the wire mesh material patterned to control the electric field lines of the driven sensor electrodes.
- the dimensions of each of the sensor electrodes 120 correspond to the dimension of pixel elements.
- at least one of the length and width of each sensor electrode 120 may correspond to an integer multiple of the number of sub-pixels.
- at least one dimension of a sensor electrode may correspond to a portion of a pixel element.
- one of the length and width may correspond to a non-integer multiple of a number of sub-pixels.
- the dimensions of each sensor electrode 120 for example having a quadrilateral form, are at least about 30 sub-pixel elements by at least about 30 sub-pixel elements.
- the dimensions of each sensor electrode may correspond an M sub-pixel elements, by N sub-pixel elements; where M and N may be the same or different.
- M and N may each be less than about 30 sub-pixel elements or greater than about 30 sub-pixel elements.
- one or more dimensions of the sensor electrode correspond to a non-integer number of sub-pixels elements.
- the length or width of a sensor electrode may correspond to a portion of a sensor electrode and the gap between sensor electrodes and other sensor electrodes or between senor electrodes and the grid electrode may be within a sub-pixel.
- the space between each sensor electrode 120 and the grid electrode 122 may correspond to the distance between sub-pixels elements.
- the dimension of the isolation space between each sensor electrode 120 and the grid electrode 122 may be equal to about 5 micrometers; however, the dimension of the isolation space may be greater than or less than about 0.5 micrometers.
- the center to center pitch of sensor electrodes 120 may be in a range of about 30 to about 50 sub-pixels. However, the pitch may be less than about 30 sub-pixels and greater than about 50 sub-pixels.
- each sensor electrode may have a length and/or width equal to about 1 millimeter.
- the sensor electrodes 120 may have a length and/or width that is greater than 1 millimeter.
- the center to center pitch of sensor electrodes 120 may be in a range of about 2 to about 5 millimeters. However, the pitch may be less than about 2 millimeters and greater than about 5 millimeters.
- Each of the sensor electrodes 120 may be the same size and shape, however, in various embodiments; at least one sensor electrode may have a different size and or shape than the other sensor electrodes 120 .
- the size and shape of the sensor electrode 120 may correspond to a location of the sensor electrodes. For example, a sensor electrode 120 located near the edge of the sensing region may be sized and/or shaped differently than a sensor electrode 120 located near the center of the sensing region.
- FIGS. 12A-12E illustrate various differently shaped sensor electrodes 120 and grid electrode 122 .
- sensor electrodes 1201 A and 1201 B are illustrated as having a different size than the other sensor electrodes. Further, as illustrated in FIG. 12A , the position of the sensor electrodes having a different size may vary. In one embodiment, sensor electrode 1201 A and sensor electrode 1201 B may be aligned in a common row and/or column of the plurality of sensor electrodes.
- FIG. 12B illustrates an embodiment of sensor electrodes 120 , where each sensor electrode is a polygon having less than four sides.
- alternating sensor electrodes may be rotated versions of each other (e.g., sensor electrodes 1202 A and sensor electrode 1202 b ).
- the sensor electrodes may also be mirror symmetric about an axis.
- sensor electrodes 1202 A and 1202 C are mirror symmetric about axis 1204 .
- the sensor electrodes 120 comprise a polygon shape having more than four sides; however, in other embodiment, any number of sides may be possible.
- the grid electrode 122 of the embodiment of FIG. 12B and FIG. 12C comprises a plurality of non-parallel and parallel segments. In the embodiment of FIG.
- the sensor electrodes 120 may be interleaved with each other, such that at least one sensor electrode has a protrusion that is interleaved with another sensor electrode.
- alternating sensor electrodes may have protrusions and cutouts such that the sensor electrodes may be interleaved.
- the sensor electrodes may be interleaved with more than two neighboring sensor electrodes.
- a first set of sensor electrodes are at least partially disposed between a second set of sensor electrodes.
- sensor electrodes 1208 A and 1208 B are disposed such that they are interleaved between sensor electrodes 1208 C and 1208 D.
- the sensor electrodes comprise one or more protrusions, but the sensor electrodes are not interleaved with each other.
- grid electrode 122 may have a reduced width in one more areas between sensor electrodes (e.g., segment 1206 ).
- additional shapes not listed above are also contemplated.
- the sensor electrodes may have more than one protrusion at various different angles. For example, shapes such as, but not limited to a “star”, “asterisk”, “circular”, “diamond”, and “ellipses” are also contemplated.
- the shape of the sensor electrodes may be selected to improve the fringing field lines between sensor electrodes and other sensor electrodes or sensor electrodes and the input object.
- the sensor electrodes may have one or more protrusions (perpendicular to each other or at any angle with each other), one or more angled sides, one or more curved sides, or any combination of the above.
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CN105511698A (zh) | 2016-04-20 |
US20150286330A1 (en) | 2015-10-08 |
US10088951B2 (en) | 2018-10-02 |
JP2020017292A (ja) | 2020-01-30 |
KR20160064224A (ko) | 2016-06-07 |
KR102151838B1 (ko) | 2020-09-04 |
CN105511698B (zh) | 2020-06-23 |
JP2016536726A (ja) | 2016-11-24 |
KR102464731B1 (ko) | 2022-11-07 |
JP7033567B2 (ja) | 2022-03-10 |
EP3053011A4 (en) | 2017-07-19 |
EP3053011A1 (en) | 2016-08-10 |
US8970537B1 (en) | 2015-03-03 |
US20150293642A1 (en) | 2015-10-15 |
CN105487732A (zh) | 2016-04-13 |
US20150293643A1 (en) | 2015-10-15 |
CN105487732B (zh) | 2021-11-19 |
KR20200103122A (ko) | 2020-09-01 |
US9778790B2 (en) | 2017-10-03 |
US9760212B2 (en) | 2017-09-12 |
CN105190498A (zh) | 2015-12-23 |
WO2015047801A1 (en) | 2015-04-02 |
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