US20110318725A1 - Cell culture method, cell culture device, method for counting subsject matters to be counted in container and device for counting - Google Patents

Cell culture method, cell culture device, method for counting subsject matters to be counted in container and device for counting Download PDF

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Publication number
US20110318725A1
US20110318725A1 US13/138,589 US201013138589A US2011318725A1 US 20110318725 A1 US20110318725 A1 US 20110318725A1 US 201013138589 A US201013138589 A US 201013138589A US 2011318725 A1 US2011318725 A1 US 2011318725A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
container
cells
culture
counting
culture container
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Abandoned
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US13/138,589
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English (en)
Inventor
Ryo Suenaga
Yoichi Ishizaki
Satoshi Tanaka
Takahiko Totani
Kyohei Ota
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Toyo Seikan Group Holdings Ltd
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Toyo Seikan Kaisha Ltd
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Priority claimed from JP2009242826A external-priority patent/JP5659479B2/ja
Application filed by Toyo Seikan Kaisha Ltd filed Critical Toyo Seikan Kaisha Ltd
Assigned to TOYO SEIKAN KAISHA, LTD. reassignment TOYO SEIKAN KAISHA, LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ISHIZAKI, YOICHI, OTA, KYOHEI, SUENAGA, RYO, TANAKA, SATOSHI, TOTANI, TAKAHIKO
Publication of US20110318725A1 publication Critical patent/US20110318725A1/en
Assigned to TOYO SEIKAN KAISHA, LTD. reassignment TOYO SEIKAN KAISHA, LTD. ASSIGNEE ADDRESS CHANGE Assignors: TOYO SEIKAN KAISHA, LTD.
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
    • C12M41/40—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
    • C12M23/02—Form or structure of the vessel
    • C12M23/14—Bags
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
    • C12M23/34—Internal compartments or partitions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M27/00—Means for mixing, agitating or circulating fluids in the vessel
    • C12M27/02—Stirrer or mobile mixing elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M33/00—Means for introduction, transport, positioning, extraction, harvesting, peeling or sampling of biological material in or from the apparatus
    • C12M33/18—Rollers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
    • C12M41/30—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of concentration
    • C12M41/36—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of concentration of biomass, e.g. colony counters or by turbidity measurements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for culturing cells and a cell culturing apparatus that are for culturing cells such as cells, tissues, and microorganisms, and to a counting method and a counting apparatus to count counted targets in a container.
  • agitation culturing is commonly practiced using culture vessels equipped with agitating blades.
  • agitating blades are not used with cells subject to damage from external force or cells that proliferate while forming aggregates.
  • a widely employed method is to enclose cells in a culture container where the cells are cultured while being kept stationary (with the cells down at the bottom). Then, in accordance with the degree of proliferation of the cells, the method involves transfer to another culture container with a larger bottom area or increasing the number of containers.
  • the stationary culturing is problematic in that as the aggregates of cells grow larger with the proliferation of cells, this causes a gradual deficiency of oxygen and nutrients to be fed to the cells, leading to degraded proliferation efficiency.
  • shaking culture is also widely practiced to constantly agitate the culture container.
  • patent document 1 describes a cell culturing apparatus that uses various patterns, such as rotation and shaking, to move a base on which a culture container is placed, thereby agitating a culture solution in the culture container.
  • Patent document 2 and patent document 3 describe cell culturing apparatuses that shake a liquid culture medium in a culture container while ensuring that no air bubbles occur, and that supply oxygen by motion of waves while ensuring that the cells are not damaged.
  • the entire culture medium is intensely agitated. This causes the cells to be separated from each other and the oxygen and nutrients to be dispersed in the whole area, so that the oxygen and nutrients are supplied sufficiently to each cell.
  • an excessively high density of cells in the culture solution prevents a sufficient supply of oxygen and nutrients to each cell, leading to degraded cell proliferation efficiency.
  • an excessively low density of cells in the culture solution prevents sufficient securement of cell proliferation efficiency.
  • cell culturing requires a grasp of the density of cells during culturing, by appropriately counting the number of cells in a culture solution in a culture container.
  • patent document 4 discloses a cell culturing apparatus that properly maintains the density of cells in a culture solution in accordance with the proliferation of cells.
  • Patent document 5 discloses a culture apparatus equipped with photographing means. According to this culture apparatus, cell images are captured periodically and stored.
  • Some kinds of cells have difficulty in cell proliferation if they are separated into individual cells. These kinds of cells improve their proliferation efficiency when they adhere in the form of aggregates of appropriate sizes. Specific examples include adhesive cells such as neural stem cells, embryonic stem cells, hepatic cells, cornea stem cells, pancreatic islet cells, and floating cells such as leukocyte cells.
  • the shaking culture with the cell culturing apparatuses described in patent documents 1 to 3 involves intense agitation of the entire culture medium, turning the cells into an individually floating state in the culture medium. This makes the cells difficult to form into aggregates of appropriate sizes, to the detriment of the optimization of cell proliferation efficiency.
  • counting the number of cells in a culture solution with the cell culturing apparatus described in patent document 4 requires sampling of the culture solution from the interior of the culture container. This involves disassembly of a culture system at the risk of contamination.
  • the culture apparatus described in patent document 5 though capable of acquiring cell images, finds it difficult to measure the number of cells accurately based on the images and to obtain the density of the cells.
  • the number of the cells in the cell image is measured, and the number is divided by the volume of a part of the culture solution defined within the view field of the photographing means.
  • the density of the cells is calculated.
  • a comparison of the use of the photographing means in directly measuring the cells in a culture container with the use of the conventional counter board in actual measurement shows that the thickness of the counter board is usually approximately 0.1 mm, whereas the thickness of the culture container is approximately 1 to 2 cm, which is 100 to 200 times the thickness of the conventional counter board.
  • the number of cells observed through the photographing means is 100 to 200 times larger than the number of cells actually measured by the counter board, when the respective volume densities are the same. Accordingly, the cells in the culture container oftentimes overlap with each other, and it is difficult to measure the number of cells by directly observing the cells in the culture container.
  • the inventors have conducted an extensive study, and as a result, successfully obtained a cell density close to an actually measured value by: adjusting the thickness of a culture container to set the number of cells observed through the photographing means at a measurable number; and then measuring the number of the cells in the culture container by direct observation.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and it is an object of the present invention to provide: a cell culturing apparatus that carries out formation control and disintegration control of an aggregate of cells in a culture container so as to adjust the aggregate to an appropriate size and thereby to improve cell proliferation efficiency; and a method for culturing cells.
  • a method for culturing cells using a culture container includes applying an external force to the culture container to carry out at least one of cell aggregate formation control and cell aggregate disintegration control with respect to cells in the culture container.
  • a cell culturing apparatus is to culture cells using a culture container.
  • the cell culturing apparatus includes a loading base on which the culture container is placed, and an agitating member configured to press the culture container to a predetermined pressing degree and movable at a predetermined speed in a horizontal direction.
  • the agitating member is configured to move to apply an external force to the culture container so as to control at least one of cell aggregate formation and cell aggregate disintegration with respect to the cells in the culture container.
  • a method for counting counted targets disposed in a liquid enclosed in a container includes adjusting a thickness of at least a part of the container. At least a part of the adjusted part is set as a measurement target region. A number of counted targets in the measurement target region is counted.
  • the liquid in the container is agitated to equalize the counted targets in the liquid prior to adjusting the thickness of at least a part of the container.
  • a counting apparatus is to count counted targets disposed in a liquid enclosed in a container.
  • the counting apparatus includes a loading base on which the container is placed, and an adjusting member configured to adjust at least a part of the container including a measurement target region to a predetermined thickness.
  • the counting apparatus may further include an agitating member configured to agitate the liquid in the container before the adjusting member adjusts the thickness of the container.
  • the counting apparatus may further include photographing means, counting means, and a driving device.
  • the photographing means is for photographing counted targets disposed in the container.
  • the counting means is for counting a number of the counted targets in a photographed image.
  • the driving device is configured to, when the number of the counted targets is outside a predetermined range following the counting by the counting means, drive the adjusting member to adjust at least a part of the container to a predetermined thickness so as to render the number of the counted targets in the image within the predetermined range.
  • aggregates are adjusted to appropriate sizes during cell culturing of cells, tissues, and microorganisms, thereby improving cell proliferation efficiency.
  • the number of cells is counted without disassembly of a culture system and irrespective of the density of proliferated cells.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a cell culturing apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a driving device of the cell culturing apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of the cell culturing apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating formation of an aggregate of cells and disintegration of the aggregate of the cells in the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a cell culturing apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a cell culturing apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the principle of a counting method of the present invention for counted targets in a container.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a counting apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a method of adjusting the thickness of a container (the case of reducing the thickness) using the counting apparatus according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a method of adjusting the thickness of a container (the case of increasing the thickness) using the counting apparatus according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a counting apparatus according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating basic positions associated with a counting apparatus according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a state of agitation by the counting apparatus according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a state of thickness regulation and precipitation waiting (the case of reducing the thickness) on the counting apparatus according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating a state of microscope observation on the counting apparatus according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating a state of thickness regulation and precipitation waiting (the case of increasing the thickness) on the counting apparatus according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating kinds of conditions of agitation by the cell culturing apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 18 is a diagram showing cell states as a result of agitation by the cell culturing apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention under the respective agitation conditions.
  • FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating a culture container used in examples 1 to 5 of the present invention and comparative example 1.
  • FIG. 20 shows images of cells of example 1 of the present invention and of comparative example 1.
  • FIG. 21 is a diagram showing results in example 1 of the present invention and comparative example 1.
  • FIG. 22 is a diagram showing images of cells in examples 2 to 5 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 23 is a diagram showing results in examples 2 to 5 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 24 is a diagram showing a conventional method for counting counted targets disposed in a container.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the cell culturing apparatus according to this embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a driving device of the cell culturing apparatus according to this embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of the cell culturing apparatus according to this embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating formation of an aggregate of cells and disintegration of the aggregate of cells in the present invention.
  • a cell culturing apparatus 10 includes a culture container 11 , a loading base 13 , and an agitating member 14 .
  • a culture solution (culture medium) and cells are enclosed within a storage 11 - 1 of the culture container 11 , and tubes 12 are coupled to the storage 11 - 1 .
  • the culture container 11 is a container that is made of a soft packing material shaped in the form of a bag (bag type).
  • the soft packing material used as the material of the culture container 11 provides the culture container 11 with flexibility and plasticity.
  • Examples of the soft packing material include materials disclosed in JP2002-255277A (“FOOD PACKAGE USING SOFT PACKAGING FILM SHEET AND FOOD TAKING-OUT METHOD”) and JP2004-323077A (“PRESSURIZEDLY SPOUTING BAG-SHAPED CONTAINER”).
  • the culture container 11 has gas permeability required for cell culturing, and partially or entirely has transparency to permit confirmation of the contents.
  • the material of the culture container satisfying the these conditions include polyolefins, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, styrene elastomers, polyester thermoplastic elastomers, silicone thermoplastic elastomers, and silicone rubber.
  • the tubes 12 are used to inject a culture solution and cells into the culture container 11 from outside the culture container 11 , and to collect them to outside the culture container 11 .
  • each of the four sides of the culture container 11 is sealed, at least two tubes 12 are coupled to the culture container 11 .
  • One of the at least two tubes 12 is used to inject cultured cells and a culture medium into the culture container 11 from outside the culture container 11 , while the other tube is used to collect cultured cells and the culture medium out of the culture container 11 .
  • the third tube is used for sampling purposes, taking out the cultured cells and the culture medium as samples out of the culture container 11 .
  • the material of the tubes 12 may be selected appropriately in accordance with the application environment. Examples include: silicone rubber; soft vinyl chloride resins; polybutadiene resins; ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers; chlorinated polyethylene resins; polyurethane thermoplastic elastomers; polyester thermoplastic elastomers; silicone thermoplastic elastomers; styrene elastomers such as SBS (styrene-butadiene-styrene), SIS (styrene-isoprene-styrene), SEBS (styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene), and SEPS (styrene-ethylene-propylene-styrene); polyolefin resins; and fluorine resins.
  • silicone rubber silicone rubber
  • soft vinyl chloride resins polybutadiene resins
  • ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers chlorinated polyethylene resins
  • the loading base 13 is a plane table with the culture container 11 placed on the top face. On the top face of the culture container 11 , the agitating member 14 is mounted.
  • a stopper 13 - 1 is disposed upright. Meanwhile, at each of four corners of the culture container 11 , a hole 11 - 2 is pierced through which the corresponding stopper 13 - 1 is inserted.
  • Inserting the stoppers 13 - 1 inserted through the holes 11 - 2 secures the culture container 11 on the top face of the loading base 13 . This also prevents misalignment of the culture container 11 with the movement of the agitating member 14 .
  • stoppers will not be limited to the above members. It is possible to use any type of stoppers insofar as the stoppers have a prevention mechanism of misalignment of the culture container 11 .
  • the agitating member 14 applies an external force onto the culture container 11 to control cell aggregate formation and cell aggregate disintegration with respect to cells disposed in the culture container 11 .
  • the agitating member 14 presses the culture container 11 to a predetermined pressing degree and moves at a predetermined speed in parallel to the loading base 13 . This movement is repeated with a predetermined cycle.
  • the agitating member 14 used include a roller.
  • the agitating member 14 in this embodiment employs application an external force onto a culture container to ensure fine adjustment of agitation effected in the culture container 11 . This ensures appropriate agitation for cell aggregate formation and ensures appropriate agitation for cell aggregate disintegration.
  • a supporting stand 15 includes: upright bearing portions disposed at respective positions of both sides of the loading base 13 to rotatably support both ends of the agitating member 14 ; and a connection member to couple the bearing portions to one another.
  • the supporting stand 15 is movable upward and downward by a rod type electric cylinder 17 (actuator for actuation in the vertical direction) placed beneath the connection member. This ensures fine adjustment, on a 0.1 mm basis, of the pressing degree of the agitating member 14 secured to the supporting stand 15 against the culture container 11 .
  • the rod type electric cylinder 17 is secured to a moving carriage 16 on a slider type electric cylinder 21 (actuator for actuation in the horizontal direction) to permit movement in the horizontal direction relative to the loading base 13 .
  • the moving speed of the moving carriage 16 in the horizontal direction is controlled.
  • the supporting stand 15 , the moving carriage 16 , the rod type electric cylinder 17 , and the slider type electric cylinder 21 constitute a driving device of the cell culturing apparatus 10 according to this embodiment.
  • the rod type electric cylinder 17 and the slider type electric cylinder 21 are used to adjust the pressing degree of the agitating member 14 against the culture container 11 and to adjust the moving speed of the agitating member 14 . This ensures control of agitation of the culture solution in the culture container 11 to optimize the size of aggregates of the cells.
  • the operation control of the agitation member may be by other than the electric actuators such as the rod type electric cylinder 17 and the slider type electric cylinder 21 . It is also possible to use actuators utilizing air pressure, oil pressure, or an electromagnetic force, or use motors and cams.
  • cultured cells have such a characteristic that an individual cell has a low division rate, and it is when cells adhere to form a certain amount of aggregate that adequate division starts.
  • cells adhere by dispersion and gradually form aggregates, though at a comparatively low rate.
  • conventional cell culturing uses, for example, a well plate at an early stage of culturing to forcibly gather cells at one place of high density, where the cells adhere easily.
  • a container of small capacity is used first and then a large container is used as the cells proliferate.
  • the cells are cultured while preventing lowering of the cell density.
  • agitation causes the cells floating on the bottom of the culture container 11 to move actively to increase the probability of cell adhesion, ensuring earlier formation of aggregates of appropriate size.
  • the formation of aggregates of appropriate size is promoted by bringing the cells into contact with each other. This improves cell proliferation efficiency.
  • Such cell aggregate formation control is not limited to an early stage of culturing (at the time of seeding).
  • Other suitable examples include the case where the aggregates collapse and the cells are separated from each other as a result of application of an excess external force to the culture container 11 during cell culturing. This, as a result, improves cell proliferation efficiency.
  • the pressing degree and speed of the agitating member 14 is adjusted to control agitation to cause a strong flow in the culture solution, thereby disintegrating the aggregate into an appropriate size.
  • the agitating member 14 presses the culture container 11 to a predetermined pressing degree and moves at a predetermined speed in parallel to the loading base 13 . This ensures appropriate control of the strength of an external force applied onto the culture container 11 .
  • the fine adjustment of the agitation in the culture container 11 ensures appropriate agitation for cell aggregate formation, and also ensures appropriate agitation for cell aggregate disintegration while ensuring that the cells are not separated from each other. This ensures adjustment of the size of a cell aggregate to a size appropriate for proliferation.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the cell culturing apparatus according to this embodiment.
  • This embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the cell culturing apparatus 10 has the culture container 11 divided into a culture portion and an expansion portion by a partition member so as to make the capacity of the culture medium adjustable to an appropriate size in accordance with the proliferation of cells, with the culture portion being agitatable by the agitating member 14 (agitating roller). Further, in this embodiment, both ends of the culture container 11 are secured by clamp members 23 . This embodiment is otherwise similar to the first embodiment.
  • the culture container 11 is divided by partition rollers (partition member) 22 to provide a culture portion in which a culture solution and cells are enclosed, and an expansion portion that expands the capacity of the culture portion with the movement of the partition rollers 22 .
  • the partition rollers 22 are disposed in parallel to the agitating member (agitating roller) 14 , and movable in parallel to the loading base 13 .
  • partition rollers 22 ensures a continuous change in the capacity of the culture portion. That is, the partition rollers 22 move with the proliferation of cells to increase the capacity of the culture portion, thus maintaining the cell density within an appropriate range.
  • partition is implemented by vertically pinching the culture container 11 between two partition rollers 22 , this should not be construed in a limiting sense.
  • WO2008/136371 and WO2008/136339 both filed by the applicant, describe a technique to control the culture capacity using a partition member so as to improve culture efficiency.
  • use of the partition rollers 22 ensures control of the culture capacity at a level that ensures high cell proliferation efficiency. Use of the partition rollers 22 also ensures adjustment of the size of a cell aggregate in the culture portion to a size that ensures high cell proliferation efficiency.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the cell culturing apparatus 10 according to this embodiment.
  • This embodiment is different from the first embodiment in the following respects.
  • the cells in the culture container 11 are photographed. Whether the size of an aggregate is within a predetermined range is determined automatically.
  • the size of aggregates is adjusted to an appropriate size based on the determination.
  • This embodiment is otherwise similar to the first embodiment.
  • the cell culturing apparatus 10 includes a photographing device 30 and a control device 40 , in addition to the configuration of the first embodiment.
  • the photographing device 30 Upon receipt of instruction information of photographing from the control device 40 , the photographing device 30 photographs the cells in the culture container 11 , and transmits the obtained image to the control device 40 .
  • the instruction information of photographing for the photographing device 30 may be transmitted automatically with a predetermined timing from the control device 40 .
  • Examples of the photographing device 30 used include a CCD camera secured to a lens barrel of a phase contrast microscope.
  • the control device 40 is an information processing device that controls a driving device to move the agitating member 14 in the cell culturing apparatus 10 and controls the photographing device 30 . As shown in FIG. 6 , the control device 40 includes a photographing device control unit 41 , an aggregate size determining unit 42 , and a driving device control unit 43 .
  • the photographing device control unit 41 transmits the instruction information to cause the photographing device 30 to carry out photographing with a predetermined timing, and receives the photographed image from the photographing device 30 .
  • the aggregate size determining unit 42 determines whether the size of the cell aggregate in this image information is within a predetermined range. Examples of the predetermined range include 100 ⁇ m to 600 ⁇ m.
  • the size of the aggregate may be the average value of photographed aggregates.
  • the determination result is output to the driving device control unit 43 .
  • the driving device control unit 43 determines the pressing degree, moving speed, and moving cycle of the agitating member 14 based on the determination result input from the aggregate size determining unit 42 , and controls the rod type electric cylinder 17 and the slider type electric cylinder 21 based on these driving conditions.
  • the cell aggregate in the culture container 11 is increased to an appropriate size, while when the size of the cell aggregate is above the predetermined range, the cell aggregate is disintegrated into an appropriate size. This ensures adjustment of the size of the cell aggregate to an optimal size for proliferation.
  • control device 40 or the driving device control unit 43 preferably has a table that memorizes various aggregate sizes in relation to data of appropriate pressing degree, moving speed, and moving cycle of the agitating member 14 .
  • the size of an aggregate in the culture container 11 is adjusted automatically. This improves cell proliferation efficiency stably.
  • FIG. 7 description will be given with regard to a principle of the method for counting counted targets disposed in a container according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the figure shows how the cells in the culture container are directly observed through a microscope and the number of the cells is counted.
  • FIG. 7(A) shows conventional observation, which does not involve adjustment of the thickness of the container.
  • Use of a culture solution having a specific gravity smaller than that of the cells causes the cells to sink to the bottom of the container, which is a suitable state for observation through a microscope. It is also possible to use a culture solution having a large specific gravity, in which case the cells are gathered at an upper portion of the container, where the cells are observed.
  • the thickness of the container is reduced as shown in FIG. 7(B) to reduce the number of the cells in an observation region (measurement target region), thus adjusting the number of the cells to a number suitable for measurement.
  • the direct observation of cells in the culture container ensures counting of the number of cells without disassembling of the culture system.
  • a counting apparatus 50 includes a thickness adjusting member 51 , a loading base 13 , photographing means 52 , a driving device 53 , a driving device 54 , and an illumination source 55 .
  • a thickness adjusting member 51 includes a thickness adjusting member 51 , a loading base 13 , photographing means 52 , a driving device 53 , a driving device 54 , and an illumination source 55 .
  • the thickness adjusting member 51 adjusts the thickness of the culture container 11 on the loading base 13 .
  • the thickness adjusting member 51 includes a pressing plate having a flat portion used to press the culture container 11 , and presses from upward a part of the culture container 11 , which is made of a soft packing material, from the upper side to reduce the thickness of the culture container 11 .
  • At least a part of the thickness adjusting member 51 located above the measurement target region of the culture container 11 is made of a transparent material. This ensures observation from downward by the photographing means 52 , which includes a microscope and a CCD camera, with illumination from upward by the illumination source 55 .
  • the thickness adjusting member 51 is not limited to the pressing plate to press the culture container 11 with the flat portion as shown in FIG. 8 .
  • the thickness adjusting member 51 may include rollers or a stretching member.
  • rollers may move while vertically nipping the culture container 11 from both sides or one side to reduce the horizontal area of the culture container 11 , thus increasing the thickness of the culture container 11 .
  • increasing the horizontal area of the culture container 11 reduces the thickness of the culture container 11 .
  • a stretching member is used to stretch the culture container 11 in the horizontal direction, the thickness of the culture container 11 is also reduced.
  • the loading base 13 is a flat base on which the culture container 11 is placed, and constitutes a placing device for counting, together with the thickness adjust member 51 .
  • a part of the loading base 13 positioned beneath the measurement target region is made of a transparent member such as a glass plate 56 to permit observation of the culture container 11 from downward by the photographing means 52 .
  • the driving device 53 moves the thickness adjusting member 51 upward and downward via ball screws as shown in FIG. 8 . This permits the thickness adjusting member 51 to press the culture container 11 on the loading base 13 and to adjust the thickness of the culture container 11 .
  • Examples of the driving device 53 include a rod type electric cylinder (actuator for actuation in the vertical direction). This ensures that the thickness of the culture container 11 is finely adjusted, on a 0.01 mm basis.
  • the driving device 54 moves the photographing means 52 in the horizontal direction relative to the loading base 13 by ball screws as shown in FIG. 8 .
  • the driving device 54 keeps the photographing means 52 arranged outside the loading base 13 except during photographing of cells in the culture container 11 , and at the time of photographing, moves the photographing means 52 to a position beneath the measurement target region of the culture container 11 .
  • the driving device 53 and the driving device 54 may be other than electric actuators. It is also possible to use actuators utilizing air pressure, oil pressure, or an electromagnetic force, or use motors and cams.
  • the illumination source 55 illuminates the measurement target region in the culture container 11 through the thickness adjusting member 51 , and provides brightness required for photographing of cells by the photographing means 52 .
  • the amount of transmitted light varies depending on the adjusted thickness of the culture solution, which may cause difference in contrast among photographed images. In view of this, it is preferable to adjust the amount of light in accordance with the thickness of the culture solution.
  • the culture container 11 may be similar to that in the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 9 shows a case where the thickness of the container is reduced
  • FIG. 10 shows a case where the thickness of the container is increased.
  • the adjustment of the thickness of the container may be other than the example shown in FIG. 8 .
  • the thickness adjusting member 51 may press the culture container 11 from downward.
  • the thickness of the culture container 11 may be reduced by pressing the culture container 11 using a thickness adjusting member 51 capable of covering the entire surface of the culture container 11 as shown in (b) of FIG. 9 .
  • a thickness adjusting member 51 capable of covering the entire surface of the culture container 11 as shown in (b) of FIG. 9 .
  • the culture container 11 may be stretched with one edge of the culture container 11 fixed and the other edge opposite in the horizon direction stretched using a thickness adjusting member 51 that includes a stretching member.
  • both ends of the culture container 11 may be stretched in the horizon direction using two thickness adjusting members 51 .
  • Examples of the material of the flexible culture container 11 include silicone rubbers.
  • rollers and the like as thickness adjusting members 51 , in which case the rollers move to increase the horizontal area of the culture container 11 , thus reducing the thickness of the culture container 11 .
  • the thickness adjusting member 51 may press a part of the top face of the culture container 11 . This increases the thickness of a part of the culture container 11 other than the pressed part.
  • rollers and the like as thickness adjusting members 51 , in which case the rollers move to reduce the horizontal area of the culture container 11 , thus increasing the thickness of the culture container 11 .
  • agitating the culture solution disposed in the culture container 11 prior to the step of counting the number of the cells disposed in the culture container 11 . It is noted that the agitating means for a culture solution will be described in detail in the fifth embodiment.
  • the driving device 54 moves the photographing means 52 to beneath the measurement target region of the culture container 11 .
  • the driving device 53 moves the thickness adjusting member 51 downward by to adjust the thickness of the culture container 11 to a predetermined thickness.
  • the predetermined thickness may be determined on various values depending on the kind of the cells, the size of the culture container, the area of the measurement target region, and the period for culturing.
  • the counting means may be a known cell counting analyzing device and cell counting apparatus.
  • the culture solution has a specific gravity smaller than that of cultured cells, and hence the cultured cells are precipitated on the bottom of the culture container 11 .
  • the photographing means focuses on the precipitated cells to photograph the cells. When, however, the cells have a large density and overlap with each other in the measurement target region, the number of cells may not be counted accurately.
  • the thickness adjusting member 51 moves to reduce the thickness of the culture container 11 and thus to reduce the number of cells in the measurement target region. This ensures a countable number of cells.
  • the maximum number of cells that can be observed without cell overlapping in the measurement target region may be assumed approximately at less than a number obtained by dividing the area of the measurement target region by the average horizontal area of the cultured cells. In view of this, when as a result of counting of the number of cells, the counted number of cells is equal to or more than the maximum number of cells, it is preferable to reduce the thickness of the culture container 11 and then carry out the counting again. It is further possible to use other values in determining whether to adjust the thickness of the culture container 11 , examples of the values include an accurately predicted number of densely arranged cells in the measurement target region. The predicted number may be used as the maximum number of cells.
  • the sixth embodiment describes in detail a counting apparatus used for the above-described increasing of the thickness of the culture container 11 .
  • the number of the cells in the measurement target region is counted in this manner, and then the number of cells is divided by the volume of the measurement target region, thus calculating the cell density. Further, the obtained cell density is multiplied by the volume of the culture container 11 , thus calculating the number of cells disposed throughout the culture container 11 .
  • the counting means is able to automatically calculate the cell density and the number of cells disposed throughout the culture container 11 .
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating the counting apparatus according to this embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a driving device (for an agitating member) of the cell culturing apparatus according to the first embodiment. In this embodiment, a similar apparatus may be used.
  • the counting apparatus includes an agitating member in addition to the configuration of the counting apparatus according to the fourth embodiment.
  • agitating the culture solution disposed in the culture container 11 using the agitating member disperses the culture solution to make the cells easily observable.
  • This embodiment may be otherwise similar to the fourth embodiment.
  • the agitating member 14 moves while pressing the culture container 11 to agitate the culture solution in the culture container 11 and disperse the cultured cells in the culture solution.
  • Examples of the agitating member 14 include a roller as shown in FIG. 11 .
  • the agitating member 14 presses the culture container 11 to a predetermined pressing degree, and at the same time, the agitating member 14 moves at a predetermined speed in parallel to the loading base 13 repeatedly with a predetermined cycle, thus agitating the culture solution.
  • a supporting stand 15 includes: upright bearing portions disposed at respective positions of both sides of the loading base 13 to rotatably support both ends of the agitating member 14 ; and a connection member to couple the bearing portions to one another.
  • the supporting stand 15 is movable upward and downward by a rod type electric cylinder 17 (actuator for actuation in the vertical direction) placed beneath the connection member. This ensures fine adjustment, on a 0.1 mm basis, of the pressing degree of the agitating member 14 secured to the supporting stand 15 against the culture container 11 .
  • the rod type electric cylinder 17 is secured to a moving carriage 16 on a slider type electric cylinder 21 (actuator for actuation in the horizontal direction) to permit movement in the horizontal direction relative to the loading base 13 .
  • the moving speed of the moving carriage 16 in the horizontal direction is controlled.
  • the operation control of the agitation member 14 may be by other than the electric actuators such as the rod type electric cylinder 17 and the slider type electric cylinder 21 . It is also possible to use actuators utilizing air pressure, oil pressure, or an electromagnetic force, or use motors and cams.
  • the agitating member 14 makes reciprocating movement in the horizontal direction for a predetermined period of time with the agitating member 14 pressing the culture container 11 to a predetermined pressing degree.
  • FIG. 12 a basic position of the counting apparatus in the method for counting counted targets disposed in a container according to this embodiment, a state of agitation ( FIG. 13 ), a state of thickness regulation and precipitation waiting (when the number of cells to be counted is desired to be reduced: FIG. 14 ), a state of microscope observation ( FIG. 15 ), and a state of thickness regulation and precipitation waiting (when the number of cells to be counted is desired to be increased: FIG. 16 ).
  • the counting apparatus includes a thickness adjusting member to increase the thickness of the culture container 11 in addition to the configuration of the counting apparatus according to the fifth embodiment.
  • This embodiment may be otherwise similar to the fifth embodiment.
  • the loading base 13 includes an observation hole for observation via a microscope, and a glass plate 56 constituting a part of the top face of the loading base 13 is fit in the upper part of the observation hole.
  • the culture container 11 is disposed on the loading base 13 , and a thickness adjusting member 51 - 1 (pressing plate) is disposed above the observation hole of the loading base 13 .
  • the thickness adjusting member 51 - 1 moves downward to press the culture container 11 , thus reducing the thickness of the culture container 11 .
  • a thickness adjusting member 51 - 2 (roller) is disposed at one edge of the culture container 11 .
  • the thickness adjusting member 51 - 2 moves to reduce the horizontal area of the culture container 11 , thus increasing the thickness of the culture container 11 .
  • the agitating member 14 (roller) is disposed above the culture container 11 .
  • the agitating member 14 moves downward, and then the agitating member 14 moves in the horizontal direction while pressing the culture container 11 to agitate the culture solution disposed in the culture container 11 .
  • a microscope 52 - 1 and a CCD camera 52 - 2 that constitute the photographing means 52 for photographing cells, and the illumination source 55 are arranged outside the loading base 13 .
  • the agitating member 14 moves downward from its basic position shown in FIG. 12 , and presses the culture container 11 to a predetermined pressing degree.
  • the agitating member 14 repeats a predetermined cycle of movement in parallel to the loading base 13 at a predetermined speed.
  • the agitating member 14 moves upward to return to its basic position shown in FIG. 12 , and then, the thickness adjusting member 51 - 1 moves downward to reduce the thickness of the culture container.
  • the thickness adjusting member 51 - 1 presses a part of the culture container 11 including a region above the observation hole of the loading base 13 , thus adjusting the thickness of the measurement target region of the culture container 11 to a predetermined size.
  • the number of cells to be counted reduces.
  • the culture container 11 After the thickness of the culture container 11 is reduced, the culture container 11 is kept stationary until the cells in the culture container 11 precipitate.
  • the photographing means which includes the microscope 52 - 1 and the CCD camera 52 - 2 , and the illumination source 55 move in the horizontal direction from their respective basic positions shown in FIG. 12 so that the photographing means 52 is disposed immediately beneath the observation hole and the illumination source 55 is disposed above the observation hole. Then, the cells that precipitate in the culture container 11 are photographed with the CCD camera 52 - 2 .
  • the image captured in this manner is input to a counting apparatus, not shown, and the number of the cells in the image is counted by the counting apparatus.
  • the density of the cells in the culture container 11 is calculated by dividing the obtained number of the cells by the volume of the measurement target region (the region of the culture container 11 observed by the CCD camera 52 - 2 ).
  • adjusting the thickness of the culture container 11 ensures accurate cell counting in the case where the cells in the culture container 11 proliferate enough to make their accurate counting difficult due to overlapping if the cells precipitate with the thickness of the culture container 11 remaining unchanged. This ensures calculation of the density of cells in the culture container 11 without disassembly of the culture system.
  • Thickness Increment Thickness-Regulating and Precipitation-Waiting State
  • the number of the cells is small. Although counting may be possible, the accuracy of the obtained density of the cells can turn out to be low.
  • the thickness of the culture container 11 is increased as shown in FIG. 16 so as to increase the number of the cells in the measurement target region, prior to the microscope observation described in (4).
  • the agitating member 14 moves upward to return to its basic position shown in FIG. 12 .
  • the thickness adjusting member 51 - 2 including a roller moves in the direction of the measurement target region to press the culture container 11 , thus increasing the thickness of the culture container 11 .
  • the thickness adjusting member 51 - 1 moves to a position of contact with the top face of the culture container 11 on the measurement target region. Then, the culture container 11 is kept stationary until the cells in the culture container 11 precipitate.
  • This increases the number of the cells in the measurement target region, and ensures more accurate calculation of the density of the cells when the number of the cells in the culture container 11 is small.
  • a specific cell number for the smallness of the number of the cells in the culture container 11 may be determined based on the kind of the cells and the area of the measurement target region. Exemplary numbers include 0 and less than 10.
  • the thickness of the culture container 11 is adjusted again in accordance with the procedure of (1) through (5) and the number of cells is counted if any of the following occurs: overlapping is observed among the cells; no cell is observed; and approximately no cell is observed in the measurement target region.
  • increasing the thickness of the culture container 11 ensures accurate calculation of the density of the cells in the culture container 11 when the number of the cells is small and an accurate cell density may not be obtained by observing the culture container 11 with the culture container 11 remaining unchanged.
  • FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating kinds of conditions of agitation by the cell culturing apparatus 10 according to this embodiment
  • FIG. 18 is a diagram showing cell states as a result of agitation under the agitation conditions.
  • the agitating member 14 presses the culture container 11 from upward, and then the agitating member 14 moves in parallel to the loading base 13 , thus agitating the culture medium in the culture container 11 .
  • the pressing degree of the agitating member 14 pressing the culture container 11 may be set at various values. For example, as shown in the figure, when the thickness of the culture container 11 is 10.5 mm, the pressing degree may be set at 2 mm, 4 mm, 6 mm, and 8 mm.
  • the moving speed of the agitating member 14 is adjusted in accordance with the respective pressing degrees. This is for the purpose of controlling the agitation of the culture solution disposed in the culture container 11 in order to obtain appropriate agitation for cell aggregate formation and appropriate agitation for cell aggregate disintegration.
  • Examples of the moving speed of the agitating member 14 include 2.5 mm/s, 12.5 mm/s, and 50 mm/s, as shown in the figure.
  • the diameter of the agitating member 14 is preferably 0.5 time to 3.0 times the thickness of the culture container 11 for appropriate control of the agitation.
  • FIG. 18 shows how much the culture solution in the culture container 11 was agitated under the above-described agitation conditions.
  • Such agitation is referred to as “weak agitation”. Agitation in accordance with “weak agitation” promotes cell aggregate formation.
  • the culture solution in the culture container 11 was agitated to some extent, but most of the cells kept descended at a pressing degree of 2 mm and at a moving speed of 50 mm/s; at a pressing degree of 4 mm and at a moving speed of 12.5 mm/s or 50 mm/s; at a pressing degree of 6 mm and at a moving speed of 2.5 mm/s or 12.5 mm/s; and at a pressing degree of 8 mm and at a moving speed of 2.5 mm/s, as shown in FIG. 18 .
  • the culture solution in the culture container 11 was agitated to some extent, and most of the cells kept afloat at a pressing degree of 6 mm and at a moving speed of 50 mm/s; and at a pressing degree of 8 mm and at a moving speed of 12.5 mm/s.
  • the agitating condition in the vicinity of the boundary between the state in which most of the cells keep descended and the state in which most of the cells keep afloat is referred to as “medium agitation”.
  • Agitation in accordance with “medium agitation” ensures adjustment of a cell aggregate to an appropriate size without excessive disintegration of the cell aggregate.
  • the culture solution in the culture container 11 was agitated intensely and all the cells kept afloat at a pressing degree of 8 mm and at a moving speed of 50 mm/s in FIG. 18 .
  • the agitation that makes all the cells afloat is referred to as “strong agitation”.
  • strong agitation disintegrates a cell aggregate into individual cells. Repeating the “strong agitation” turns the cells into suspension state. However, if cells are separated from each other, proliferation efficiency degrades.
  • the culture container 11 As the culture container 11 , a bag made of LDPE (linear low-density polyethylene) with a film thickness of 0.15 mm was used. As shown in FIG. 19 , the culture container 11 was partitioned with a partition member (rubber roller) to form a culture portion serving as a culturing region with a longer side of 250 mm and a shorter side of 210 mm. A culture solution of 640 ml was put into the culture portion. In this respect, the thickness of the culture container 11 placed in flat orientation was approximately 16 mm, though the top face of the culture container 11 was not a perfectly horizontal surface. The horizontal surface of the observation region (measurement target region) was, in terms of size, a 0.5 mm by 0.5 mm square.
  • LDPE linear low-density polyethylene
  • AlyS5050N-0 culture medium available from Cell Science & Technology Institute, Inc. was used as the culture solution.
  • the cultured cells used were JurkatE6.1 strains of human leukemia T lymphoma proliferated to a required amount in a cell culturing dish.
  • agitating member 14 As the agitating member 14 , a roller of 12 mm in diameter was used. Agitation was carried out under the agitation conditions of a pressing degree of 13 mm, a speed of 50 mm/s, and 10 times of reciprocation.
  • a thickness adjusting member made of an acrylic board with a width of 50 mm, a thickness of 3 mm, and a length longer than the longer side of the culture container 11 moved downward onto the bag to adjust the thickness of the bag to 3.1 mm. Then, the bag was kept stationary for 12 minutes, and then the observation region was photographed, followed by counting of the number of the cells. Then, the cell density was calculated based on the obtained cell number and the volume of the observation region.
  • FIG. 20 shows a photographed image
  • FIG. 21 shows the number of the cells in the observation region, the cell density, an actual measurement density, and an actual measurement ratio.
  • the actual measurement density was obtained such that the number of the cells in the culture solution collected from the bag was measured using a counter board (OneCell counter (available from OneCell Corporation)) according to a conventional method, and the measured number was divided by the volume of the observation region.
  • a counter board OneCell counter (available from OneCell Corporation)
  • the agitation was carried out under the same agitating conditions with the same culture container 11 and the culture solution as those in example 1.
  • the observation region was photographed. Since the upper face of the bag was not pressed, its upper surface was in the form of a convexo-concave wave.
  • the thickness of the bag was approximately 16 mm.
  • Example 2 was carried out in the same manner as in example 1 except that the culture solution used had a different cell density from the cell density in example 1; the thickness of the bag was 11.0 mm in the counting of the number of the cells; and the period of time for keeping the bag stationary after the adjustment of the thickness was 45 minutes.
  • the kind of the culture solution and the kind of the cultured cells were the same as those in example 1.
  • the number of the cells used in this example was smaller than that in example 1. The results are shown in FIG. 22 and FIG. 23 .
  • Example 3 was carried out in the same manner as in example 2 except that in the measurement of the number of the cells, the thickness of the bag was 7.0 mm, and the period of time for stationary keeping thereafter was 30 minutes. The results are shown in FIG. 22 and FIG. 23 .
  • Example 4 was carried out in the same manner as in example 2 except that in the measurement of the number of the cells, the thickness of the bag was 4.0 mm, and the period of time for stationary keeping thereafter was 12 minutes. The results are shown in FIG. 22 and FIG. 23 .
  • Example 5 was carried out in the same manner as in example 2 except that in the measurement of the number of the cells, the thickness of the bag was 3.1 mm, and the period of time for stationary keeping thereafter was 12 minutes. The results are shown in FIG. 22 and FIG. 23 .
  • reducing the thickness of the bag ensured measurement of the number of the cells, and ensured calculation of the density of the cells disposed in the culture container 11 .
  • FIG. 22 and FIG. 23 show that in Examples 2 through 5, as the thickness of the bag reduces, the measured number of the cells lowers. It is also shown that the calculated cell densities are not significantly different from the corresponding actual measurement densities.
  • the culture container 11 may be rounded to eliminate corners, and the agitating member 14 may have other than a columnar shape and may have the cross section shown in FIG. 17 formed into various cross sections such as a star, so as to obtain various agitation effects.
  • the cultured cells are the measurement target, this should not be construed in a limiting sense.
  • the measurement target may be other organisms such as plankton and inorganic substances.
  • the “liquid” in the culture container include semi-liquids in addition to liquids such as a culture solution. It is also possible to use a liquid having a specific gravity larger than the specific gravity of the cultured cells as a culture solution in the culture container 11 . This makes the cultured cells located at the upper portion in the culture container 11 , and the number counting may be with respect to such cultured cells. Further, in the above-described embodiments and examples, it is also possible to observe the growth state of cells, as well as counting the number of the cells.
  • the present invention finds applications in fields that involve culturing of a large quantity of cells, such as biomedicine, regenerative medical therapy, and immunotherapy.

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EP2772533A2 (de) 2014-09-03
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KR20150043561A (ko) 2015-04-22
EP2407533A1 (de) 2012-01-18
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WO2010103748A1 (ja) 2010-09-16
CN102348794A (zh) 2012-02-08
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US9388376B2 (en) 2016-07-12
EP2407533B1 (de) 2016-06-15
CN102348794B (zh) 2014-09-03
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EP2407533A4 (de) 2013-09-25
US20140011186A1 (en) 2014-01-09

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