US20100032335A1 - Packaging Device - Google Patents

Packaging Device Download PDF

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Publication number
US20100032335A1
US20100032335A1 US12/445,966 US44596607A US2010032335A1 US 20100032335 A1 US20100032335 A1 US 20100032335A1 US 44596607 A US44596607 A US 44596607A US 2010032335 A1 US2010032335 A1 US 2010032335A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
packaging device
wall
auxiliary shell
accord
objects
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US12/445,966
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English (en)
Inventor
Martin Schindler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SWISSPAL AG
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SWISSPAL AG
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Assigned to SWISSPAL AG reassignment SWISSPAL AG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SCHINDLER, MARTIN
Publication of US20100032335A1 publication Critical patent/US20100032335A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D81/00Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
    • B65D81/02Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents specially adapted to protect contents from mechanical damage
    • B65D81/05Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents specially adapted to protect contents from mechanical damage maintaining contents at spaced relation from package walls, or from other contents
    • B65D81/051Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents specially adapted to protect contents from mechanical damage maintaining contents at spaced relation from package walls, or from other contents using pillow-like elements filled with cushioning material, e.g. elastic foam, fabric
    • B65D81/052Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents specially adapted to protect contents from mechanical damage maintaining contents at spaced relation from package walls, or from other contents using pillow-like elements filled with cushioning material, e.g. elastic foam, fabric filled with fluid, e.g. inflatable elements
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D71/00Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans or pop bottles; Bales of material
    • B65D71/0088Palletisable loads, i.e. loads intended to be transported by means of a fork-lift truck
    • B65D71/0092Palletisable loads, i.e. loads intended to be transported by means of a fork-lift truck provided with one or more rigid supports, at least one dimension of the supports corresponding to a dimension of the load, e.g. skids
    • B65D71/0096Palletisable loads, i.e. loads intended to be transported by means of a fork-lift truck provided with one or more rigid supports, at least one dimension of the supports corresponding to a dimension of the load, e.g. skids the dimensions of the supports corresponding to the periphery of the load, e.g. pallets

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a packaging device for the transport and/or the storage of stackable objects within its interior, in accord with the concept of claim 1 .
  • a typical packaging device has been disclosed by DE 41 23 558 C1.
  • the so created empty space can be packed with Styropor-fillers (expandable polystyrene) or equivalent space-occupying substances.
  • Styropor-fillers expandable polystyrene
  • the shipped objects are so protected in a manner disclosed in EP 0 317 130 B1, WO 94/18091, DE 42 00 557 C1 or DE 90 01 604 U1.
  • Many of these above described packaging devices do not possess a solid bottom, but can show at least one principle of transport of objects on pallets through long distances.
  • Packaging devices of this type unfortunately, have the disadvantage that the sidewall structure surrounding the shipped object is rigid.
  • packaging devices have, in common, the disadvantage, that they are built up from a substantial bottom and the connected side walls surrounding the shipped objects are also rigid. Following the delivery of the shipped objects, if the packaging devices made in this manner are to be returned in empty form, their stiff construction in truck, ship or airplane causes empty space which serves no useful purpose other than their own transport. For this reason, handling and manipulation of such packaging devices in empty return transport brings about a very expensive cost which has no positive results.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 3,587,794-A made known a collapsible packaging device, wherein two end walls and possibly an upper wall are supplied with integrated air cushions.
  • GB 23 11 512 describes air cushions on a bottom of a packaging device, which made the enclosure adaptable as a laptop carrier.
  • DE 40 34 038 A1 discloses a packaging device, wherein the surfaces thereof consist of fabric and in its corners it possess inflatable looped reinforcement elements, which strengthen the enclosure structure.
  • EP 11 38 613 A1 discloses a packaging device, in which inner walls can be inflated.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to make available a packaging device for transport and/or storage of stackable objects contained within its interior space, which device possesses a rugged bottom to support the arrangement of the objects. This purpose is further extended to avoid the above stated disadvantages.
  • an inflatable, auxiliary shell can be either an integral part of an outside wall or be a separate element of the device. That is to say, the auxiliary shell is an inflatable encapsulation within the outer wall. In accord with the invention, this auxiliary shell performs its inner function by contacting the shipped objects, which are stacked on the rigid bottom. This auxiliary shell determines, first, the shape of the outer wall, which provides protection in transport or storage. Secondly, the auxiliary shell positionally affixes the shipped objects arranged on the bottom inside the outer wall. In accord with the invention every technical possibility is exercised to assure that the inflation is completed as desired. In other words, an inflation of the auxiliary shell need not be limited to injecting compressed air or other gases, but can also include input of a liquid or solid medium.
  • the flexible wall sections which have been attached to the invented bottom—advantageously attached in Europallet style—take on their final shape only when they are subjected to the expansion of the inflating auxiliary shell. That is to say, the shape of the flexible outer wall can adapt to any internally applied force.
  • Particularly appropriate for the flexible outer wall sections would be a fabric material or especially a flexible plastic substance. Other materials of equivalent characteristics can also be employed.
  • the invented packaging device possesses an upper, arrangement for opening. This is necessary, since the invented auxiliary shell, in combination with the outer flexible wall, defines the final, overall, shape of the packaging device. An upper opening for the invented packaging device is especially advantageous. In combination therewith, sections of the outer wall run along the edge of the solid bottom and are firmly attached thereto possibly by stapling.
  • a gain in advantage can be achieved, if by means of affixing the objects in the interior of the invented packaging device, the formerly widely used, individual packaging of the objects to be shipped can be reduced or completely abandoned.
  • one of the wall sections of the outer wall of the invented packaging device can be made releasable from one or more of the immediately adjoining wall sections.
  • the interior volume of the device is made accessible for loading and/or unloading shipped objects on or off the substantial bottom.
  • quick closure elements have been attached to the said releasable wall section. These quick closure elements lock into complementary receivers, which are secured on the non-releasable adjoining wall sections. The rapid closure elements assure quick accessibility.
  • the flexible wall sections of the outer wall are particularly advantageous in their reinforced vertically running edges and/or in supporting diagonal strips therebetween.
  • Such reinforcements when subjected to the inflation of the auxiliary shell, act to shape the outer wall into a predetermined shape, which is possibly cubical, so that the auxiliary shell need not unconditionally regulate, or may only partially determine, the final shape of the invented packaging device.
  • the invented auxiliary shell can be, first, a component of the inner surface of the outer wall, and second, may be a separate component. If the auxiliary shell is a separate entity, then it would be advantageous if it is sized to be greater in extent than the inner dimensions of the outer wall. If it is so dimensioned, then the inner volume of the outer wall would be necessarily completely occupied by an inflated auxiliary shell and would then assume a proper outward shape. Simultaneously, the inflated auxiliary shell takes over the positional securement of the objects within the packaging device. Obviously, additionally added, known securement means are allowable on the bottom or on other immovable wall sections, by means of which further positional securement of the objects to be shipped or stored becomes available.
  • the auxiliary shell can advantageously be a conventional film tube, shaped in accord with need. Such a film tube can easily be made, so that it would be adaptable to one-time applications.
  • the film tube, which comprises the auxiliary shell can have a varied wall thickness
  • the pressure generated in the film tube during inflation distributes itself equally toward the outer wall.
  • a first force can be brought against the inner surface of the outer wall and a different force can be applied against the loaded objects and both forces can be optionally predetermined.
  • the meaning of this is that, because of an installation of the film tube having a thicker wall directed against the inner surface of the outer wall, and a thinner wall directed against the objects being transported, the movement by the film tube toward the said objects is relatively large. Nevertheless, in this placement, the positional fixation of the objects in transport is still carried out. The reason for this is, that the walls of the film tube expand more in the direction of the shipped objects than in the direction of the inside surface of the outer wall.
  • a film tube is provided, wherein the inner wall of said tube which is proximal to the shipped objects is greater in thickness than is its wall which confronts the inner surface of the outer wall. Accordingly, upon inflation, the film tube expands in greater measure toward the objects than it expands outward and thus the objects to be shipped are more strongly affixed in place.
  • An advantageous version of an auxiliary shell, wherein it is equipped with a multiplicity of air cells, is that upon inflation thereof, the expanding shape of the outer wall of the packaging device can be regulated.
  • the auxiliary shell is not an integral part of the outer wall, but alternately, is separate therefrom, then the auxiliary shell advantageously possesses quick fasteners, preferably on its wall facing the outer wall of the packaging device. These fasteners allow the auxiliary shell to be secured to the inner surface of the outer wall. After inflation, this fastening contributes to the fact that the internal shape of the auxiliary shell influences the shape of the outer wall, which accordingly leads to the final shaping of the entire packaging device.
  • this said fastening means for securing the auxiliary shell to the inside surface of the outer wall simplifies the handling of the invented packaging device for the respective operator. The operator is no longer required to be concerned about a problem of achieving an optimized arrangement of the auxiliary shell in relation to the outer wall.
  • the said shell possesses an inlet/outlet connection.
  • This connection is so provided as a part of the auxiliary shell, that when the packaging is in its final stages, it is readily accessible from the outside. That is, the connector extends itself to the outside of the now enclosed packaging device. Accordingly, to inflate the auxiliary shell, an operator can easily join the said connector to a source of the desired inflating medium, for example, air.
  • auxiliary shell in the interior of the outer wall, then contacts only the non-openable outer wall sections.
  • This arrangement allows the openable wall section of the packaging device to have improved accessibility in reaching the therein placed objects to be shipped.
  • the outer wall can be so designed, that it—in the case of a separate auxiliary shell—can have its opening coinciding with the opening in the auxiliary shell.
  • the auxiliary shell for the purpose of the removal of the loaded objects from the interior of the packaging device, can be deactivated by release of air by penetration.
  • the auxiliary shell can be provided with a means by which it can be deflated after the transport has been completed.
  • a particularly favorable design of the packaging device places on the outer wall quick closure elements with their complementary receivers.
  • the advantageous design offers a duplicate set of such closures.
  • These duplicate closure elements/receivers serve such a purpose, that in a case of an individual transport of an empty packaging device, these duplicate closures, are so provided with interlocks, that the packaging device cannot unfold itself. Space is thereby saved for the return shipment of empty packaging devices.
  • the invention also concerns the use of a packaging device for both the transport or the storage of objects.
  • FIG. 1 a perspective view of the invented packaging device in its open state
  • FIG. 2 a perspective view of an invented, separate auxiliary shell
  • FIG. 3 in perspective, an alternate version of the invented auxiliary shell
  • FIG. 4 in perspective, another version of the invented auxiliary shell
  • FIG. 5 in perspective view, a totally opened, outer walled, packaging device with packed objects arranged for transport and/or storage,
  • FIG. 6 a perspective view of an invented packaging device in the open state
  • FIG. 7 a perspective view of an invented packaging device in the closed state
  • FIG. 8 a perspective view of a collapsed, invented packaging device prepared for empty shipment.
  • FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of the invented outer wall 1 .
  • This outer wall is comprised of a solid bottom 2 , for which a pallet serves, with specified dimensions.
  • three flexible wall sections 3 At each of the three edges of the solid bottom 2 are firmly attached three flexible wall sections 3 , running in a vertical direction.
  • These wall sections 3 advantageously consist, for example, of a plastic or a fabric material.
  • the three flexible wall sections 3 possess mutually, two vertical edges 4 , which, in the final packaging device, assume a cubic shape of predetermined dimensions.
  • the vertical edges 4 can be reinforced by wire cables and/or fabric bands. Such reinforcement enables the invented packaging device to retain its required shape under shipping conditions. Alternatively, or additionally, it is possible that the edges 4 , or the corners of the outer wall 1 be diagonally reinforced and interconnectedly strengthened with wire cables and/or fabric bands.
  • a solid top 5 is attached to the upper edges of the flexible wall sections 3 .
  • This top 5 serves as an upper space limit for an invented packaging device.
  • this top 5 is securely bound to the top edges of three, flexible wall sections 3 .
  • Such a bonding between a solid top and a flexible wall section can be carried out in many ways. Some of these ways could be, for example, stitching, adhering, stapling or the like. Further discussion of this connection need not be made here.
  • an additional flexible wall section 6 is firmly secured on an edge of the described solid top 5 .
  • This flexible wall possesses on its edges, three quick closures 7 . These are respectively matched with three complementary receivers 8 on the outside of the adjacent flexible walls, whereby the closures can be brought into, and released from, fully lock-in connections. Additionally it is possible that on the edges of the wall sections overlapping flaps are present in order to bind the walls or to reinforce an already installed corner connection. By means of this combination of quick closures 7 and receivers 8 the additional flexible wall section 6 can be opened or closed and thereby interior space is made easily accessible within the outer wall 1 .
  • a solid top 5 is provided.
  • This top 5 in the case of additional (not shown) versions of the invention, can be eliminated to allow the interior of the outer wall 1 to become directly accessible from above.
  • the front flap type opening 6 obviously becomes unnecessary.
  • an invented packaging device can be made, which is open at the top and has four side wall sections, one of which, however, remains closable/releasable.
  • FIG. 2 a version of an invented auxiliary shell 10 is shown.
  • the construction concerns a type of tubular foil encasement, which as shown in FIG. 2 , consists of four wall sections 11 , which are hinged together.
  • the outside dimensions of these wall sections are of such a nature, that they at least correspond to the inner dimensioning of the outside wall 1 .
  • the wall sections 11 of the auxiliary shell 10 are bound together by means of cross-ties 12 . This binding is such that it brings the auxiliary shell 10 into dimensioning which corresponds to the predetermined size of the interior of the outer wall 1 .
  • a connection 13 which carries out the functions of a feed/release tube.
  • the auxiliary shell 10 can be inflated with, for instance, compressed air.
  • an inflated auxiliary shell 10 can be deflated by the same device.
  • the auxiliary shell 10 additionally possesses fasteners 14 .
  • These fasteners 14 are located on those sides of the enclosing auxiliary shell wall 11 which, after the placement of the auxiliary shell 10 therein, are to be secured onto the inside surface of the surrounding outer wall 1 . From FIG. 2 one can infer, that the most forward shell wall 11 has no fastening means 14 . Accordingly, this said forward wall 11 can be swung away (or back) so that the interior of the auxiliary shell is accessible for loading or unloading.
  • This last mentioned wall 11 which is free of fasteners 14 , is equipped on its front vertical edge with quick closure elements 17 .
  • These quick closing elements 17 correspond, for example, to the quick closing elements 7 already described and explained as quick closing elements 7 in the description relative to FIG. 1 . Obviously, these closure means lock into complementary receivers when the above described outwardly swingable wall 11 closes. Likewise, it is possible that the quick closure elements 17 can also consist of adhesively coated flaps.
  • the vertical length in the drawn presentation of the auxiliary shell 10 in FIG. 2 can be greater in extent than the vertical length of the corresponding outer wall 1 .
  • the inflation of the auxiliary shell 10 following its insertion in the outer wall 1 , can lead to a situation, wherein the entire auxiliary shell 10 in its upper area, presses against the upper wall 1 .
  • the flexible sections 3 of the outer wall 1 stiffen and are drawn into a desired external shape.
  • the auxiliary shell 10 in the interior of the outer wall 1 is forced downward, which displacement reinforces the positioning of the loaded objects to be shipped.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 demonstrate another version of corresponding auxiliary shells 10 ′ and 10 ′′. These figures indicate that the auxiliary shells 10 ′, 10 ′′, in the illustrated case, consist of a multiplicity of air compartments, namely 18 ′ and 18 ′′ and 18 ′′′.
  • these air compartments are presented in two different sizes, whereby the smaller air compartments 18 ′′ would form corner areas as well as edge zones after they were installed against the outer wall 1 .
  • the larger volume air compartments 18 ′ wherein their expansion upon inflation is such that it extends itself toward the inner surface of the outer wall 1 while simultaneously, a different expansion thereof (i.e., not the same) takes place in a direction away from this inner surface and toward the interior.
  • This said expansion difference is caused when the large compartment 18 ′ is installed, in that the surface area of the air compartment 18 ′, which is to contact the inner surface of the outer wall 1 is provided with an increased wall thickness.
  • the oppositely directed surface area of the air compartment 18 ′ which is oriented toward the interior, would have a thinner wall thickness.
  • that surface area of the air compartment 18 ′ expands to the extent, that it clamps the shipped objects in the interior and affixes them in a desired position.
  • a surface of a respective air compartment facing the interior can be greater in area (hence thinner) than its surface facing the outer wall 1 . In this case the inflating air compartment bulges away from the outer wall 1 .
  • inflated individual air compartments 18 ′, 18 ′′, 18 ′′′ define the shape of the outer wall 1 as seen in the examples of FIGS. 3 and 4 . Consequently, the outer wall 1 assumes for itself, such outer shapes as may be dictated by the inflated auxiliary shell 10 ′ and 10′′.
  • FIG. 5 shows the outer wall 1 in its fully opened state.
  • the auxiliary shell 10 is indicated as being placed within the inner surface of the outer wall 1 .
  • the flexible wall section 3 is shown.
  • the auxiliary shell 10 can, in some instances, be an integral component of the corresponding outer wall 1 .
  • the bottom 2 is made evident and the top 5 , or possibly another firm topping could be shown, padded in accord with need.
  • the objects 20 to be transported or to be stored are shown arranged on the pallet type bottom 2 .
  • the flexible wall section 3 which is attached to the bottom 2
  • the solid top 5 and third, the flexible wall section 6 , which is attached to the top 5
  • the auxiliary shell 10 in this opened condition of FIG. 5 is not yet already integrally attached to the inner surface of the outer wall 1 , the possibility exists, with this opened layout of FIG. 5 , that the auxiliary shell 10 , corresponding to the shapes as seen in FIGS. 2 to 4 , is caused to encapsulate the stacked objects 20 .
  • the wall sections 3 , and top 5 encase the auxiliary shell 10 and the objects 20 .
  • FIG. 6 the appearance of the objects 20 , which are now inside the packaging, is shown in perspective in FIG. 6 .
  • the flexible front wall 6 hinged at its top, is thrown back over the top 5 .
  • the now exposed front section 11 of the auxiliary shell 10 is swung out to the side.
  • This arrangement of the drawing is to clarify the accessibility of the invented packaging device.
  • the so opened front section 11 of the auxiliary shell 10 can then be closed and made secure by locking-in the quick closure elements 17 .
  • the flexible wall section 6 as seen in FIG. 6 , is brought down and likewise made tight.
  • the packaging device, with these closures, is now ready to take on the appearance as is shown in FIG. 7 .
  • the auxiliary shell 10 therewithin is inflated by means of the externally protruding air connection 13 .
  • the outer wall 1 which up to now has been draped over the objects 20 to be shipped, forms itself into the desired cubical shape as seen in FIG. 7 by means of the force of the inflation of the interior auxiliary shell 10 , 10 ′, 10 ′′.
  • the first operation of the receiver would be to open the packaging device by unlatching and throwing back the top hinged outer section 6 of the outer wall 1 .
  • the design is such, that the auxiliary shell is integrally a component of the outer wall 1 , then the inflating medium can simply be released through its connection.
  • the release can be effected by simply making penetrating openings in the auxiliary shell unit 10 . 10 ′, 10 ′′ whereby the therein contained medium finds an easy outlet. If this be done, then for future use of the auxiliary shell, a new auxiliary shell 10 , 10 ′, 10 ′′ must be provided and installed in the above described manner.
  • FIG. 8 shows that the quick fastening elements can serve the purpose of holding together the non-hinged wall sections.
  • FIG. 8 shows that the optimal, space saving arrangement of the outer wall 1 , as shown in FIG. 8 , offer an essential advantage of the invented packaging device for empty shipment.
  • the packaging device in the folded state as seen in FIG. 8 is hardly greater in extent than the solid bottom 2 with the thereupon secured upper walls 5 .
  • the economic, environmentally technological, and manipulative advantages, indicate an enormous improvement over the present state of the technology.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Buffer Packaging (AREA)
  • Packaging Of Machine Parts And Wound Products (AREA)
US12/445,966 2006-10-18 2007-10-18 Packaging Device Abandoned US20100032335A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006048964A DE102006048964B3 (de) 2006-10-18 2006-10-18 Verpackungsvorrichtung
DE102006048964.0 2006-10-18
PCT/EP2007/009059 WO2008046632A1 (de) 2006-10-18 2007-10-18 Verpackungsvorrichtung

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20100032335A1 true US20100032335A1 (en) 2010-02-11

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ID=39042932

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/445,966 Abandoned US20100032335A1 (en) 2006-10-18 2007-10-18 Packaging Device

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20100032335A1 (de)
EP (1) EP2081840A1 (de)
CN (1) CN101528554A (de)
DE (1) DE102006048964B3 (de)
WO (1) WO2008046632A1 (de)

Cited By (5)

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US20110079533A1 (en) * 2008-06-04 2011-04-07 Kouichi Kasiwabara Method for packing two or more articles of different shape and packing mat
US20120205278A1 (en) * 2009-11-18 2012-08-16 Keinosuke Miyazaki Packaging of equipment
US20130299498A1 (en) * 2012-05-08 2013-11-14 Otter Products, Llc Protective case with integral stand
GB2520078A (en) * 2013-11-11 2015-05-13 Inflatex Ltd A rapid deployment anaerobic digester
JP2021522120A (ja) * 2018-04-23 2021-08-30 ランパク コーポレーション 梱包製品並びに作製及び使用方法

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DE102012214862B4 (de) 2012-08-21 2020-03-19 Deutsche Post Ag Verpackung für den Versand
DE102014103355A1 (de) * 2014-03-12 2015-09-17 Mondi Consumer Packaging Technologies Gmbh Verfahren zum Verpacken von Stückgut in einer Umverpackung, Stückgut-Verpackungsanordnung sowie Fluidpolsterkissen
ITMI20140357U1 (it) * 2014-11-18 2016-05-18 Salmoiraghi S P A Assieme per la movimentazione di merci perfezionato
CN107985739A (zh) * 2017-12-31 2018-05-04 苏州金丝鸟机器人科技有限公司 一种仓储物流输送用托盘

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WO2008046632A1 (de) 2008-04-24
CN101528554A (zh) 2009-09-09
DE102006048964B3 (de) 2008-04-24

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