US20090288747A1 - Metal Cord, Rubber-Cord Complex and Pneumatic Tire Using the Same - Google Patents

Metal Cord, Rubber-Cord Complex and Pneumatic Tire Using the Same Download PDF

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Publication number
US20090288747A1
US20090288747A1 US12/085,347 US8534706A US2009288747A1 US 20090288747 A1 US20090288747 A1 US 20090288747A1 US 8534706 A US8534706 A US 8534706A US 2009288747 A1 US2009288747 A1 US 2009288747A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
plated layer
rubber
cord
zinc
plating
Prior art date
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Abandoned
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US12/085,347
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English (en)
Inventor
Shinichi Miyazaki
Junichi Kodama
Yasuo Sakai
Keisuke Aramaki
Yuichi Sano
Kenichi Okamoto
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sumitomo Rubber Industries Ltd
Nippon Steel Corp
Sumitomo SEI Steel Wire Corp
Original Assignee
Sumitomo Rubber Industries Ltd
Nippon Steel Corp
Sumitomo SEI Steel Wire Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sumitomo Rubber Industries Ltd, Nippon Steel Corp, Sumitomo SEI Steel Wire Corp filed Critical Sumitomo Rubber Industries Ltd
Assigned to SUMITOMO RUBBER INDUSTRIES, LTD., SUMITOMO (SEI) STEEL WIRE CORP., NIPPON STEEL CORPORATION reassignment SUMITOMO RUBBER INDUSTRIES, LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SANO, YUICHI, SAKAI, YASUO, OKAMOTO, KENICHI, KODAMA, JUNICHI, ARAMAKI, KEISUKE, MIYAZAKI, SHINICHI
Publication of US20090288747A1 publication Critical patent/US20090288747A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/06—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
    • C25D7/06—Wires; Strips; Foils
    • C25D7/0607—Wires
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
    • B60C9/0007—Reinforcements made of metallic elements, e.g. cords, yarns, filaments or fibres made from metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
    • B60C9/18—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers
    • B60C9/20—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel
    • B60C9/2003—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel characterised by the materials of the belt cords
    • B60C9/2006—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel characterised by the materials of the belt cords consisting of steel cord plies only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
    • C25D5/50—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces by heat-treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
    • C25D7/06—Wires; Strips; Foils
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/06—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core
    • D07B1/0606—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles
    • D07B1/0666—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles the wires being characterised by an anti-corrosive or adhesion promoting coating
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2001—Wires or filaments
    • D07B2201/201—Wires or filaments characterised by a coating
    • D07B2201/2011—Wires or filaments characterised by a coating comprising metals
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
    • D07B2205/30—Inorganic materials
    • D07B2205/3021—Metals
    • D07B2205/3085—Alloys, i.e. non ferrous
    • D07B2205/3089—Brass, i.e. copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) alloys
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2401/00—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage
    • D07B2401/20—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage related to ropes or cables
    • D07B2401/202—Environmental resistance
    • D07B2401/2035—High temperature resistance
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2401/00—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage
    • D07B2401/20—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage related to ropes or cables
    • D07B2401/2095—Improving filler wetting respectively or filler adhesion
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2501/00—Application field
    • D07B2501/20—Application field related to ropes or cables
    • D07B2501/2046—Tire cords
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2501/00—Application field
    • D07B2501/20—Application field related to ropes or cables
    • D07B2501/2076—Power transmissions
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
    • Y10T428/294—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core including metal or compound thereof [excluding glass, ceramic and asbestos]
    • Y10T428/2942—Plural coatings
    • Y10T428/2944—Free metal in coating

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a metal cord and a rubber-cord complex in which the state of a grain structure or the like of a brass plated layer of a plated element wire is specified to suppress deterioration in adhesiveness between the plated wire and the rubber under a wet heat environment, and a pneumatic tire using the complex.
  • a metal cord As a reinforcing element for rubber products such as pneumatic tires, hoses and industrial belts, a metal cord has been popularly used from the viewpoints of good reinforcing effect and the like.
  • a rubber-cord complex such as a rubber product reinforced with such a metal cord
  • the surface of element wires of the cord is plated with brass containing copper and zinc in order to enhance the adhesive property of the metal cord to the rubber.
  • this brass plating is performed in such a manner as sequentially forming a copper plated layer and a zinc plated layer on the surface of an element wire and then subjecting them to thermal diffusion to give an alloy of the two metals.
  • a conventional brass plating has a good adhesive property in an initial stage after the vulcanization (initial adhesive property), it tends to be poor in wet heat adhesive property such that the adhesive property decreases under a wet heat environment at high temperature and high humidity and the brass plating is more likely to separate from the rubber. It is effective for improving the wet heat adhesive property to add an organocobalt salt to the rubber.
  • the organocobalt salt is expensive, and has a property of making an unvulcanized rubber apt to deteriorate or thermally deteriorate. Hence the amount of the organocobalt salt to be incorporated is limited, so a sufficient increase in wet heat adhesive property is not achieved thereby.
  • the present inventors conducted a study and have found that cracking which occurs in a plated layer and then proceeds to peeling off when a rubber-cord complex deteriorates under wet heat environment, occurs starting from a coarse grain structure portion in the plated layer where crystal grains are large.
  • it has been found that for improving the wet heat adhesive property, it is particularly effective to:
  • a primary object of the present invention is to provide a rubber-cord complex having a wet heat adhesive property improved basically by specifying the granular state of crystal grains in a brass plated layer.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a metal cord suitable for use in the rubber-cord complex and capable of improving its wet heat adhesive property to a rubber vulcanized and adhered thereto.
  • a still further object of the present invention is to provide a pneumatic tire with its durability improved by the use of the rubber-cord complex.
  • the present invention as claimed in claim 1 is directed to a rubber-cord complex obtained by vulcanizing a rubber to adhere it to a metal cord comprising a drawn plated wire prepared by providing a plated layer of brass containing copper and zinc on the surface of a metal wire and drawing the resulting plated wire, wherein in the wet heat deterioration state of the metal cord to which the rubber has been vulcanized and bonded and which has been held in an atmosphere having a temperature of 50 to 100° C. and a humidity of 60 to 100% for one hour to 20 days, the average grain size of crystal grains present in the brass plated layer is not more than 50 nm, and the grain boundary of the crystal grains has a fractal dimension of 1.001 to 1.500.
  • the invention as claimed in claim 6 is directed to a metal cord for use in the rubber-cord complex according to claims 1 to 3 , wherein the brass plated layer is formed by thermal diffusion of a copper plated layer and a zinc plated layer formed by plating in layers on a metal wire, in which the copper plated layer is formed by plating at a current density of 15 to 25 A/dm 2 , the zinc plated layer is formed by plating at a current density of 40 to 60 A/dm 2 , and the thermal diffusion is conducted by a low temperature diffusion at a temperature of 500 to 550° C.
  • the invention as claimed in claim 7 is directed to a metal cord for use in the rubber-cord complex according to claims 1 to 3 , wherein the brass plated layer is formed by thermal diffusion of a copper plated layer and a plated layer of a zinc alloy selected from a zinc-nickel alloy and a zinc-cobalt alloy, the layers being formed in layers on a metal wire, in which the copper plated layer is formed by plating at a current density of 15 to 25 A/dm 2 , the zinc alloy plated layer is formed by plating at a current density of 40 to 60 A/dm 2 , and the thermal diffusion is conducted by a low temperature diffusion at a temperature of 500 to 550° C.
  • the invention as claimed in claim 8 is directed to a pneumatic tire in which the rubber-cord complex according to claims 1 to 5 is used as a ply for tire reinforcement.
  • the grain structure of the plated layer is made fine by restricting the average grain size of the crystal grains in the brass plated layer in the wet heat deterioration state to 50 nm or less. It is thereby possible to suppress generation of cracks in the plated layer to allow enhancement of a resistance to its peeling. Further, irregularities of the grain boundaries of the crystal grains in the plated layer are increased and complicated such that the fractal dimension of the grain boundary falls within the range of 1.001 to 1.500, whereby development of cracking along the grain boundaries can be suppressed. By a synergistic effect of them, peeling damage of the plated layer caused by the cracking can be significantly suppressed so that improvement in wet heat adhesive property between the rubber and the cord can be achieved.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view showing an example of pneumatic tires in which a rubber-cord complex of the present invention is used as a ply for tire reinforcement;
  • FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view showing the ply mentioned above which is the rubber-cord complex
  • FIG. 3A is a view explaining steps to form a brass plated layer of a binary alloy
  • FIG. 3B is a view explaining steps to form a brass plated layer of a ternary alloy
  • FIG. 3C is a view explaining another steps to form a brass plated layer of a ternary alloy
  • FIG. 4 is a conceptual view showing a grain structure state of a brass plated layer.
  • FIG. 5 is a conceptual view showing an adhesion reaction layer formed at the interface between a rubber and a brass plated layer.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view showing a pneumatic tire in which a rubber-cord complex of the present invention is used as a ply for tire reinforcement.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view showing the above-mentioned ply which is the rubber-cord complex.
  • a pneumatic tire 1 shown in this example is a radial tire for passenger cars, and it includes a carcass 6 extending from a tread portion 2 to bead cores 5 in bead portions 4 through sidewall portions 3 , and a belt layer 7 arranged radially outward of the carcass 6 in the tread portion 2 .
  • the carcass 6 is formed of one or more carcass plies 6 A having carcass cords arranged, for example, at an angle of 75 to 90 degrees with respect to the circumferential direction of the tire.
  • the carcass ply 6 A comprises a ply main body portion 6 a extending between the bead cores 5 , 5 , and ply turnup portions 6 b that are turned up around the bead cores 5 from the inside to the outside at each end of the ply main body portion 6 a .
  • a bead apex rubber 8 extending radially outwardly from the bead core 5 in a tapered manner is disposed between the ply main body portion 6 a and the ply turn up portion 6 b , whereby a portion from the bead portion 4 to the sidewall portion 3 is reinforced.
  • the belt layer 7 comprises two or more belt plies, two belt plies 7 A, 7 B in this example, having belt cords arranged at an angle of 10 to 45 degrees with respect to the circumferential direction of the tire.
  • the belt plies are stacked so that the belt cords in one ply intersects with those in another belt ply to thereby enhance the belt rigidity so as to firmly reinforce the tread portion 2 .
  • the rubber-cord complex 9 of the present invention is adopted to the belt plies 7 A, 7 B out of the plies for tire reinforcement including the carcass ply 6 A and the belt plies 7 A, 7 B.
  • the rubber-cord complex 9 is composed of a cord array body 11 that metal cords 10 as belt cords are arranged mutually in parallel, and a rubber 12 for topping formed by covering the surface and back of the cord array body 11 with the rubber and subjecting the rubber to vulcanization-bonding to the cord array body.
  • the “vulcanization-bonding” is achieved by vulcanization heat applied when an unvulcanized green tire is vulcanized and molded in a mold.
  • the rubber 12 for topping can be suitably used conventional rubbers for use in tires, in which sulfur is incorporated in a rubber base material. Besides sulfur, known additives, e.g., a vulcanization accelerator and a vulcanization acceleration assistant, are selectively used for the rubber 12 in order to obtain required physical properties of the rubber.
  • the rubber base material are preferably used diene rubbers such as natural rubber, isoprene rubber, butadiene rubber and styrene/butadiene rubber. The diene rubbers are used alone or in the form of a blend of two or more rubbers. Table 1 shows an example of a rubber composition for the rubber 12 . The composition dose not contain any organocobalt salt as mentioned above.
  • the metal cord 10 is composed of at least one drawn plated wire 17 E obtained by forming a brass plated layer 16 on the surface of a metal element wire 15 and drawing the resulting plated wire.
  • the wires 17 E are twisted in a known twisting structure such as bundle-twisting or layer-twisting.
  • a metal cord 10 having a 1 ⁇ 3 structure where three plated wires 17 E are twisted is shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the brass plated layer 16 is a brass-based plating containing copper and zinc as main components.
  • a binary alloy plating comprised of copper and zinc, or a ternary alloy plating containing, besides copper and zinc, cobalt or nickel as a third metal.
  • the content of copper is in the range of 60 to 80 parts by weight and the content of zinc is in the range of 40 to 20 parts by weight, with respect to 100 parts by weight of the plating.
  • the content of cobalt is in the range of 0.1 to 5.0 parts by weight and the content of nickel is in the range of 1.0 to 10.0 parts by weight.
  • the brass plated layer 16 made of the binary alloy plating is formed in such a manner that primary plated layers 20 , i.e., a copper plated layer 20 A and a zinc plated layer 20 B, are formed one after another on the surface of a metal element wire 15 , and then subjected to thermal diffusion to alloy the both metals (copper and zinc).
  • Numeral 17 A denotes a plated element wire prior to drawing
  • numeral 17 E denotes a plated wire after drawing.
  • the copper plated layer 20 A can be formed by electroplating treatment in a copper plating bath such as a copper pyrophosphate bath or a copper sulfate bath.
  • the zinc plated layer 20 B can be formed by electroplating treatment in a zinc plating bath such as a zinc sulfate bath. Further, the thermal diffusion is performed by thermally treating an element wire 15 having the copper plated layer 20 A and the zinc plated layer 20 B in a heating apparatus.
  • a third metal plated layer 20 C is formed by electroplating treatment in a third metal bath which is a cobalt bath or a nickel bath, and the three layers are then thermally diffused and alloyed.
  • the order of formation of respective primary plated layers is not particularly restricted.
  • the element wire 15 is made of steel, it is not preferable to firstly form the zinc plated layer 20 B from the viewpoint of the plating peeling property since a hard and fragile alloy phase of iron and zinc is produced on the surface of the element wire 15 . Further, diffusion tends to occur with difficulty between the copper plated layer 20 A and the third metal plated layer 20 C as compared with an interface between other plated layers. Therefore, it is preferable not to dispose the copper plated layer 20 A and the third metal plated layer 20 C adjacently to each other.
  • the order of the copper plated layer 20 A and the zinc plated layer 20 B is preferred, and in the case of the ternary alloy plating, the order of the copper plated layer 20 A, the zinc plated layer 20 B and the third metal plated layer 20 C is preferred.
  • the plated wire 17 A is subjected to a known wire drawing process to give a plated wire 17 E drawn to a desired diameter.
  • Numeral 16 E denotes a brass plated layer in the drawn plated wire 17 E
  • numeral 15 E denotes a wire 15 in the drawn plated wire 17 E.
  • another method for forming the brass plated layer 16 made of the ternary alloy plating is a method wherein, as shown in FIG. 3(C) , the copper plated layer 20 A is firstly formed on the surface of the metal wire 15 and, thereafter, a plated layer 20 D of an alloy of zinc and nickel or an alloy of zinc and cobalt is formed on the copper plated layer 20 A. Subsequently, the plated layers are subjected to thermal diffusion to give the brass plated layer 16 .
  • This alloy plated layer 20 D can be formed by electroplating treatment in an alloy bath containing zinc sulfate and nickel or an alloy bath containing zinc sulfate and cobalt.
  • the content of the third metal in the external surface after the thermal diffusion decreases relatively as compared with the case of forming the third metal plated layer 20 C as the outermost layer (the case shown in FIG. 3(B) ). It is therefore possible to improve the drawing processability in the wire drawing process.
  • the metal cord 10 in which the same rubber as the above-mentioned rubber 12 has been vulcanized and bonded, or the rubber-cord complex 9 itself is in the wet heat deterioration state after being held in an atmosphere at a temperature of 50 to 100° C. and a relative humidity of 60 to 100% for one hour to 20 days
  • the crystal grains 30 present in the brass plated layer 16 E are required to have an average grain size of not more than 50 nm, and the grain boundary 30 S of the crystal grains 30 is required to have a fractal dimension of 1.001 to 1.500.
  • the wet heat deterioration environment is preferably set at a temperature of 70 to 100° C. and a relative humidity of 80 to 100% for a period of 10 to 20 days.
  • the grain structure of the plated layer is sufficiently fine. Therefore, it is possible to suppress occurrence of cracking in the brass plated layer 16 E in wet heat deterioration so as to suppress peeling of the plating, thus improving the wet heat adhesive property. If the average grain size exceeds 50 nm, cracking becomes more likely to occur from a portion where the crystal grains have become coarse, resulting in decrease in wet heat adhesive property.
  • the “grain size” is defined by a diameter of a circle having the same area as the sectional area of a crystal grain 30 .
  • the “average grain size” denotes a value obtained by averaging “grain sizes” of the crystal grains 30 in a plated layer. Specifically, a photograph of the grain structure of the plated layer is taken through a TEM (transmission electron microscope) and then subjected to image processing to obtain an average value (average grain size) of diameters of circle-equivalents of the crystal grains.
  • the lower limit of the average grain size is 5 nm or more from the viewpoint of possible upper limit of the current density.
  • the “fractal dimension” is an index for showing a complexity of a shape, a degree of irregularities of the surface, and the like.
  • the fractal dimension of the grain boundary 30 S of the crystal grains 30 is set to not less than 1.001 so as to raise the degree of irregularity of the grain boundary 30 S, thus providing a complex grain boundary. It is thereby possible to prevent development (growth) of cracks along the grain boundaries 30 S. Even in the case of a fine grain structure wherein the average grain size of crystal grains 30 is not more than 50 nm, the wet heat adhesive property decreases if the fractal dimension is less than 1.001.
  • the fractal dimension is not less than 1.001, especially not less than 1.100.
  • the adhesive strength becomes poor for the reason that, for example, the thickness of an adhesion reaction layer 25 ( FIG. 5 ) formed during vulcanization becomes insufficient, thus resulting in deterioration of initial adhesive property and wet heat adhesive property. Therefore, the upper limit of the fractal dimension is required to be 1.500 or less, preferably 1.300 or less.
  • the “fractal dimension” can be obtained, for example, by a box counting method. Specifically, for example, a TEM photograph (transmission electron microscopic photograph) of a grain structure of a plated layer is subjected to image processing, as described above, to extract a curved line along the grain boundary 30 S of the crystal grains 30 . The fractal dimension of the extracted curved line is then obtained by the box counting method. In this box counting method, the curved line is divided into small square regions (boxes) each having one side with a length of “r”, and while the length “r” is changed, the number of small regions (boxes) each including a segment of the target curved line is counted.
  • box counting method the box counting method is divided into small square regions (boxes) each having one side with a length of “r”, and while the length “r” is changed, the number of small regions (boxes) each including a segment of the target curved line is counted.
  • the counted number of small regions is plotted as ordinate and the length of “r” at the time of counting is plotted as abscissa on a logarithmic graph, and the fractal dimension is obtained from the inclination of the graph.
  • the brass plated layer 16 E having such a fine grain structure can be formed by:
  • the current density in electroplating for the copper plated layer 20 A is raised to the range of 15 to 25 A/dm 2
  • the current density in electroplating for the zinc plated layer 20 B is raised to the range of 40 to 60 A/dm 2
  • the thermal diffusion is performed at a low diffusion temperature within the range of 500 to 550° C.
  • the current density for the copper plated layer is set to about 10 A/dm 2
  • the current density for the zinc plated layer is set to about 20 A/dm 2
  • the diffusion temperature is set to the range of 560 to 600° C.
  • the current density in electroplating for the zinc alloy plated layer 20 D is set to the range of 40 to 60 A/dm 2 , as in the case of the zinc plated layer 20 B.
  • the average thickness of the adhesion reaction layer 25 ( FIG. 5 ) in rubber vulcanization is set to the range of 50 to 1,000 nm.
  • the adhesive property between the brass plated layer 16 E and the rubber 12 is exhibited by formation of an adhesion reaction layer 25 between the brass plated layer 16 E and the rubber 12 .
  • the adhesion reaction layer 25 is formed from copper in the brass plated layer 16 E and sulfur incorporated in the rubber 12 that cause a cross-linking reaction to combine each other during vulcanization of the rubber.
  • the adhesion reaction layer 25 is so thin that the adhesive strength is insufficient.
  • the average thickness Tn of the adhesion reaction layer 25 is in the range of 50 to 1,000 nm.
  • the lower limit is not less than 100 nm, and the upper limit is not more than 500 nm.
  • the brass plated layer 16 E may be a ternary alloy plating containing nickel or cobalt.
  • the amount of nickel added is less than 1.0 part by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the plating, the plated layer 16 E after wet heat deterioration tends to change to such a grain structure as causing peeling from this changed portion.
  • the amount of nickel added exceeds 10.0 parts by weight, the thickness T of the adhesion reaction layer 25 becomes thin to decrease the adhesive strength, and the plated layer 16 E also becomes hard to deteriorate the wire drawing processability.
  • the amount of nickel added is preferably within the range of 1.0 to 10.0 parts by weight.
  • the amount of cobalt added is less than 0.1 part by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the plating, the plated layer 16 E after wet heat deterioration tends to change to such a grain structure as causing peeling from this changed portion.
  • the amount of cobalt added exceeds 5.0 parts by weight, the thickness T of the adhesion reaction layer 25 becomes thin to decrease the adhesive strength, and the plated layer 16 E also become hard to deteriorate the wire drawing processability.
  • the amount of cobalt added is preferably within the range of 0.1 to 5.0 parts by weight.
  • the rubber-cord complex 9 is applied to a ply for tire reinforcement, particularly a belt ply.
  • the rubber-cord complex 9 can also be applied to other plies for tire reinforcement, such as a carcass ply and a bead reinforcing ply.
  • the metal cord 10 may be used as a bead wire for forming a bead core 5 .
  • the metal cord 10 is made of a single plated wire 17 E, and it is considered that the pneumatic tire 1 itself constitutes the rubber-cord complex 9 .
  • the rubber-cord complex 9 is also applicable to a variety of rubber products such as a hose and a industrial belt.
  • the material for the metal element wire 15 can be used, besides steel mentioned above, a variety of metal materials which are capable of forming the brass plated layer 16 , such as aluminum, copper and titanium, and with the use of any of the metal materials, it is possible to effectively exert the above-mentioned action and effect.
  • a brass plated layer was formed on the surface of a steel wire having a diameter of 1.7 mm.
  • the plated wire was then subjected to wire drawing treatment to give a drawn plated wire having a diameter of 0.27 mm.
  • the brass plating was carried out by any of the following methods.
  • a copper plated layer and a zinc plated layer were successively formed and then subjected to a thermal diffusion treatment to form a binary alloy brass plated layer. This method is referred to as a method A.
  • a copper plated layer, a zinc plated layer and a third metal plated layer were successively formed and then subjected to a thermal diffusion treatment to form a ternary alloy plated layer. This method is referred to as a method B.
  • a copper plated layer and a zinc alloy (zinc/nickel alloy or zinc/cobalt alloy) plated layer were successively formed and then subjected to a thermal diffusion treatment to form a ternary alloy plated layer. This method is referred to as a method C.
  • the current density of the electroplating in formation of the primary plated layers (copper plated layer, zinc plated layer, third metal plated layer, zinc alloy plated layer) and the diffusion temperature were changed to change the grain structure state of the brass plated layer, namely the average grain size of crystal grains in the plated layer and the complexity (fractal dimension) of the irregularity of grain boundary.
  • the brass plated layer of any of the drawn plated wire has the same average thickness of about 0.2 ⁇ m.
  • the wet heat adhesive property was measured by allowing the above-mentioned sample to stand in an oven at a temperature of 80° C. and a relative humidity of 95% for 20 days and then subjecting the sample in a wet heat deterioration state to a peeling test.
  • the initial adhesive property was measured by allowing the sample after the vulcanization to natural cooling at ordinary temperature and humidity [20° C., 50%(relative humidity)] and then subjecting it to a peeling test.
  • the peeling test was conducted by peeling the sample from its one end along the rubber/metal cord interface at a speed of 50 mm/min., and the state of the metal cord surface at the interface was evaluated according to the following criteria.
  • a pneumatic tire (size: 195/65 R15) using the above-mentioned steel cord as a belt cord was produced according to the following specification, and the high-speed durability of the tire was tested.
  • a drum driving test apparatus Under conditions of an internal pressure of 280 kPa and a load of 492 kgf, a drum driving test apparatus was started at a speed of 170 km/h, and the speed was increased in stages by 10 km/h every 10 minutes. A distance driven until destruction of the tire was measured and shown as an index relative to the result of Comparative Example 1 taken as 100. The larger the value, the better the high-speed durability is.
  • Example 1 Plating method A A B B B B A Cu (parts by weight) 62.7 63.1 65.1 67.2 69.2 66.8 65.2 Zn (parts by weight) 37.3 36.9 32.8 30.3 25.2 28.9 34.8 Ni (parts by weight) 0 0 0 25 5.6 0 0 Co (parts by weight) 0 0 2.1 0 0.9 4.3 0 Average grain size of plating After wet heat 46.5 48.0 45.3 43.5 45.6 42.3 68.0 deterioration ⁇ nm> Fractal dimension of crystal grains Initial 1.104 1.032 1.109 1.176 1.181 1.193 1.003 After wet heat 1.167 1.098 1.154 1.211 1.215 1.256 0.892 deterioration Average thickness of adhesion reaction layer Initial ⁇ nm> 72 63 57 58 55 52 65 After wet heat 615 783 418 354 214 374 1033 deterioration ⁇ nm>
  • the metal cords of the examples according to the present invention are excellent in adhesive property after wet heat deterioration to the rubber. Further, it can also be confirmed from the high-speed durability test that reduction in adhesive property due to heat can be suppressed to thereby allow improvement in high-speed durability of tires.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Tires In General (AREA)
  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
US12/085,347 2005-12-01 2006-11-30 Metal Cord, Rubber-Cord Complex and Pneumatic Tire Using the Same Abandoned US20090288747A1 (en)

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JP2005-348182 2005-12-01
JP2005348182 2005-12-01
PCT/JP2006/323963 WO2007063951A1 (fr) 2005-12-01 2006-11-30 Câble métallique, objet composite de caoutchouc/câbles et bandage pneumatique obtenu en utilisant celui-ci

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US20160193878A1 (en) * 2013-06-26 2016-07-07 Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation Strip-shaped steel cord
US20170137993A1 (en) * 2014-06-18 2017-05-18 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin Metallic or metallized, graphenized reinforcement
US9694517B2 (en) 2012-12-20 2017-07-04 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin Ready-to-use metal reinforcement the surface of which is provided with metal-sulfide nanoparticles

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JP6137587B2 (ja) * 2011-09-06 2017-05-31 栃木住友電工株式会社 ゴム補強用金属線、その製造方法及びタイヤ
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CN107824630B (zh) * 2017-10-23 2019-05-10 江苏兴达钢帘线股份有限公司 一种金属线、其制造方法及轮胎
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US20090155620A1 (en) * 2006-03-08 2009-06-18 Kabushiki Kaisha Bridgestone Brass-plated steel wire for reinforcing rubber articles and method for manufacturing the same
US8202626B2 (en) * 2006-03-08 2012-06-19 Kabushiki Kaisha Bridgestone Brass-plated steel wire for reinforcing rubber articles and method for manufacturing the same
US9694517B2 (en) 2012-12-20 2017-07-04 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin Ready-to-use metal reinforcement the surface of which is provided with metal-sulfide nanoparticles
US20160193878A1 (en) * 2013-06-26 2016-07-07 Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation Strip-shaped steel cord
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EP1967645A1 (fr) 2008-09-10
US8833419B2 (en) 2014-09-16
KR101338824B1 (ko) 2013-12-06
CN101316960A (zh) 2008-12-03
CN101316960B (zh) 2011-12-07
US20120145297A1 (en) 2012-06-14
WO2007063951A1 (fr) 2007-06-07
KR20080072909A (ko) 2008-08-07
EP1967645A4 (fr) 2010-03-10
EP1967645B1 (fr) 2012-01-11

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