US20090196783A1 - Austenitic stainless steel welded joint and austenitic stainless steel welding material - Google Patents

Austenitic stainless steel welded joint and austenitic stainless steel welding material Download PDF

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US20090196783A1
US20090196783A1 US12/320,306 US32030609A US2009196783A1 US 20090196783 A1 US20090196783 A1 US 20090196783A1 US 32030609 A US32030609 A US 32030609A US 2009196783 A1 US2009196783 A1 US 2009196783A1
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austenitic stainless
stainless steel
formula
steels
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Takahiro Osuki
Kazuhiro Ogawa
Hirokazu Okada
Masaaki Igarashi
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Nippon Steel Corp
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Assigned to SUMITOMO METAL INDUSTRIES, LTD. reassignment SUMITOMO METAL INDUSTRIES, LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: OKADA, HIROKAZU, IGARASHI, MASAAKI, OGAWA, KAZUHIRO, OSUKI, TAKAHIRO
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/3053—Fe as the principal constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
    • C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum

Definitions

  • austenitic stainless steels such as SUS304H, SUS316H, SUS321H, SUS347H, SUS310S and so on, which are prescribed in JIS, have been used.
  • Carbide precipitation is effective as a method for improving the high-temperature strength, in particular creep strength of austenitic stainless steels, and therefore the strengthening mechanism by carbides such as M 23 C 6 , NbC and so on are in use.
  • the Cu phase which finely precipitates during creep as a result of the addition of Cu, is also utilized for increasing the creep strength.
  • Patent Document 1 proposes the P-containing austenitic stainless steels.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses an austenite stainless steel improved in creep rupture strength by controlling the content of P within a specific range and adjusting the contents of Ti and Nb in response to the content of C.
  • the Patent Document 2 discloses an austenitic stainless steel whose creep rupture characteristics are prevented from deteriorating by suppressing the formation of the ferrite phase which is markedly low in resistance to creep deformation compared to the austenite phase, and at the same time by utilizing the precipitation strengthening effect of phosphides through the addition of a specific amount of P.
  • Patent Document 1 Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 62-243742
  • Patent Document 2 Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 03-153847
  • the technique which comprises increasing the content of P as disclosed in the above-mentioned Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 causes a deterioration of weldability. That is to say, an increased P content, in particular, a large amount of P content which exceeds 0.05%, significantly causes cracking which occurs when the distortion resulting from the solidification shrinkage or thermal shrinkage exceeds the deformability of the weld metal, in particular, in the stage which is close to the end of the weld solidification process and in which a filmy liquid phase is present mainly along the crystal grain boundaries (hereinafter such cracking is referred to as “weld solidification cracking”).
  • one objective of the present invention is to provide a high-P austenitic stainless steel welded joint being comprised of base metals and a weld metal which have excellent weldability, in spite of having a high creep strength and being economical.
  • Another objective of the present invention is to provide a high-P austenitic stainless steel welding material having the same characteristics of the said austenitic stainless steel welded joint.
  • the present inventors made various investigations in order to ensure austenitic stainless steels, which are high in creep strength and economical and contain P at a high concentration, and also have excellent weldability by preventing weld solidification cracking.
  • the present inventors based on the idea that the crystallization of the very phase crystallizing out after the primary phase, (for example, austenite in the case of solidification in the “FA mode”), would be effective in preventing the said weld solidification cracking, made detailed investigations concerning the crystallization behavior of the phase crystallizing out after the primary phase in various austenitic stainless steel weld metals.
  • the present inventors made further detailed investigations by varying the contents of C, Si, Mn, S, Cr, Ni, sol. Al and N in austenitic stainless steels containing P at a level of not less than 0.05%.
  • each element symbol represents the content by mass percent of the element concerned.
  • the present inventors further made investigations concerning the cases where the above-mentioned austenitic stainless steels further contain Nd, Cu, Mo, W, B, V, Nb, Ti, Ta, Zr, Hf, Co, Ca and Mg in lieu of part of Fe.
  • Nd not more than 0.5%
  • Second group one or more of Cu: not more than 3%, Mo: not more than 5% and W: not more than 10% provided that Mo+(W/2): not more than 5%, B: not more than 0.03%, V: not more than 1.5%, Nb: not more than 1.5%, Ti: not more than 2%, Ta: not more than 8%, Zr: not more than 1%, Hf: not more than 1% and Co: not more than 5%; and
  • Third group one or both of Ca: not more than 0.05% and Mg: not more than 0.05%;
  • each element symbol represents the content by mass percent of the element concerned.
  • the present invention has been accomplished on the basis of the above-described findings.
  • the main points of the present invention are austenitic stainless steel welded joints shown in the following (1) and (2), and austenitic stainless steel welding materials shown in the following (3) and (4).
  • An austenitic stainless steel welded joint which comprises by mass percent, C: 0.05 to 0.25%, Si: not more than 2%, Mn: 0.01 to 3%, P: 0.05 to 0.5%, S: not more than 0.03%, Cr: 15 to 30%, Ni: 6 to 55%, sol. Al: 0.001 to 0.1% and N: not more than 0.03%, with the balance being Fe and impurities, and the following formula (1) is satisfied:
  • each element symbol represents the content by mass percent of the element concerned.
  • each element symbol represents the content by mass percent of the element concerned.
  • Nd not more than 0.5%
  • Second group one or more of Cu: not more than 3%, Mo: not more than 5% and W: not more than 10% provided that Mo+(W/2): not more than 5%, B: not more than 0.03%, V: not more than 1.5%, Nb: not more than 1.5%, Ti: not more than 2%, Ta: not more than 8%, Zr: not more than 1%, Hf: not more than 1% and Co: not more than 5%; and
  • Third group one or both of Ca: not more than 0.05% and Mg: not more than 0.05%.
  • An austenitic stainless steel welding material which comprises by mass percent, C: 0.05 to 0.25%, Si: not more than 2%, Mn: 0.01 to 3%, P: 0.05 to 0.5%, S: not more than 0.03%, Cr: 15 to 30%, Ni: 6 to 55%, sol. Al: 0.001 to 0.1% and N: not more than 0.03%, with the balance being Fe and impurities, and the following formula (1) is satisfied:
  • each element symbol represents the content by mass percent of the element concerned.
  • each element symbol represents the content by mass percent of the element concerned.
  • Nd not more than 0.5%
  • Second group one or more of Cu: not more than 3%, Mo: not more than 5% and W: not more than 10% provided that Mo+(W/2): not more than 5%, B: not more than 0.03%, V: not more than 1.5%, Nb: not more than 1.5%, Ti: not more than 2%, Ta: not more than 8%, Zr: not more than 1%, Hf: not more than 1% and Co: not more than 5%; and
  • Third group one or both of Ca: not more than 0.05% and Mg: not more than 0.05%.
  • inventions (1) and (2) related to the austenitic stainless steel welded joints and the inventions (3) and (4) related to the austenitic stainless steel welding materials are referred to as “the present invention (1)” to “the present invention (4)”, respectively, or collectively referred to as “the present invention”.
  • the austenitic stainless steel welded joints of the present invention in spite of their high P content, can be widely applied in such fields, as steel pipes, steel plates and so on, where not only high-temperature strength and corrosion resistance but also weldability is required.
  • the austenitic stainless steel welding materials of the present invention are best suited for producing the above-mentioned austenitic stainless steel welded joints.
  • FIG. 1 shows the shape of a test specimen used in creep rupture testing in the examples.
  • the content of C is set to 0.05 to 0.25%.
  • the content of C is preferably more than 0.06% to not more than 0.2%. More preferably, the content of C is 0.07 to 0.15%.
  • Si is an element having a deoxidizing effect in the step of melting the austenitic stainless steels and further is effective in increasing oxidation resistance, steam oxidation resistance and so on.
  • Si is desirably added at a content level of not less than 0.1%. If the Si content level exceeds 2% however, Si promotes the precipitation of such intermetallic compound phases as the ⁇ phase and also causes a decrease in toughness and ductility due to the deterioration of the microstructural stability at high temperatures. Furthermore, in the case of complete austenite phase solidification, the susceptibility to the weld solidification cracking markedly increases, so that the occurrence of the said weld solidification cracking increases. Therefore, the content of Si is set to not more than 2%. More preferably, the content of Si is not more than 1%.
  • Mn is an element effective in preventing hot working brittleness due to the S which is contained as an impurity in the austenitic stainless steels and, it also has a deoxidizing effect in the step of melting the steels. In order to obtain such effects, a content of Mn not less than 0.01% is necessary. However, if the Mn content level exceeds 3%, Mn promotes the precipitation of such intermetallic compound phases as the a phase and also causes a decrease in toughness and ductility due to the deterioration of the microstructural stability at high temperatures. Therefore, the content of Mn is set to 0.01 to 3%. The content of Mn is more preferably 0.05 to 2% and further more preferably 0.1 to 1.5%.
  • the content of P is required to be not less than 0.05%.
  • an excessive content of P causes deterioration of creep ductility and, in particular, when the content of P exceeds 0.5%, the deterioration of creep ductility becomes remarkable. Therefore, the content of P is set to 0.05 to 0.5%.
  • the content of P is more preferably 0.06 to 0.3% and further more preferably more than 0.08% to not more than 0.2%.
  • S is an impurity element coming from raw materials, for example, on the occasion of the melting of the austenitic stainless steels.
  • a high content of S causes deterioration of corrosion resistance and also deteriorates the hot workability and weldability; in particular, when the content of S exceeds 0.03%, the deterioration of corrosion resistance, workability and weldability becomes significant. Therefore, the content of S is set to not more than 0.03%. It is desirable that the S content be reduced as low as possible. Therefore, the content of S is more preferably not more than 0.01% and most preferably not more than 0.005%.
  • Cr is an important element for ensuring the oxidation resistance, steam oxidation resistance, high-temperature corrosion resistance and so on, and also contributes to increasing the creep strength through formation of Cr-based carbides.
  • the Cr content be not less than 15%.
  • the content of Cr is set to 15 to 30%. More preferably, the content of Cr is 18 to 28%.
  • Ni is an essential element for ensuring a stable austenitic microstructure and the necessary minimum content of Ni is determined by the contents of elements contained in the austenitic stainless steels such as Cr, Mo, W, Nb and the like, which are the ferrite-forming elements, and Mn, C, N and so on, which are the austenite-forming elements.
  • the content of Cr it is necessary that the content of Cr be not less than 15% and, if the Ni content is lower than 6% relative to the Cr content, it is difficult to produce a single phase of austenite and, furthermore, the austenitic microstructure becomes unstable during a long period of use at high temperatures and the high-temperature strength and toughness markedly deteriorate due to the precipitation of such brittle phases as the ⁇ phase.
  • the content of Ni is set to 6 to 55%.
  • the solidification mode becomes the “A mode”, namely austenite single phase solidification, the formula (1) given above may not be satisfied in certain cases and, therefore, the content of Ni is preferably 6 to 30%. More preferably, the content of Ni is 8 to 25%.
  • Al has a deoxidizing effect on the occasion of the melting of the austenitic stainless steels.
  • the content of Al as sol.Al (“acid-soluble Al”) be not less than 0.001%.
  • the content of Al as sol.Al exceeds 0.1%, the precipitation of such intermetallic compounds as the a phase is promoted during use at high temperatures, leading to deterioration of toughness, ductility and high-temperature strength. Therefore, the content of sol.Al is set to 0.001 to 0.1%.
  • the content of sol.Al is more preferably 0.005 to 0.05% and further more preferably 0.01 to 0.03%.
  • the austenitic stainless steels which comprise the above-mentioned elements C to N within the respective content ranges, with the balance being Fe and impurities have a value of “(Cr+1.5 ⁇ Si+2 ⁇ P)/(Ni+0.31 ⁇ Mn+22 ⁇ C+14.2 ⁇ N+5 ⁇ P)” which is not less than 1.388, namely satisfy the formula (1), the timing of crystallization of the phase crystallizing out after the primary phase is controlled and the weld solidification cracking can be surely and stably inhibited.
  • the austenitic stainless steel welded joint according to the present invention (1) and the austenitic stainless steel welding material according to the present invention (3) are defined as the ones containing the above-mentioned elements C to N within their respective content ranges, with the balance being Fe and impurities, and at the same time satisfying the said formula (1).
  • the austenitic stainless steel welded joint of the present invention (1) and the austenitic stainless steel welding material of the present invention (3) may further selectively contain, according to need, one or more elements of each of the following groups of elements in lieu of part of Fe;
  • Nd not more than 0.5%
  • Second group one or more of Cu: not more than 3%, Mo: not more than 5% and W: not more than 10% provided that Mo+(W/2): not more than 5%, B: not more than 0.03%, V: not more than 1.5%, Nb: not more than 1.5%, Ti: not more than 2%, Ta: not more than 8%, Zr: not more than 1%, Hf: not more than 1% and Co: not more than 5%; and
  • Third group one or both of Ca: not more than 0.05% and Mg: not more than 0.05%.
  • one or more of the first to third groups of elements may be added, as optional elements, to the above-mentioned steels and thereby contained therein.
  • the first group element Nd is an element having a creep ductility improving effect and in particular is effective in obtaining good creep ductility in the austenitic stainless steels, according to the present invention, which contain P at a level as high as not less than 0.05%.
  • the content of Nd is preferably set to not less than 0.001%. However, if the content of Nd exceeds 0.5%, the amounts of inclusions such as oxides and so on increase. Therefore, if Nd is added, the content of Nd is set to not more than 0.5%.
  • the content of Nd is preferably 0.001 to 0.5% and more preferably 0.001 to 0.2%. Further more preferably, the content of Nd is not less than 0.005% to less than 0.1%.
  • Second group one or more of Cu: not more than 3%, Mo: not more than 5% and W: not more than 10% provided that Mo+(W/2): not more than 5%, B: not more than 0.03%, V: not more than 1.5%, Nb: not more than 1.5%, Ti: not more than 2%, Ta: not more than 8%, Zr: not more than 1%, Hf: not more than 1% and Co: not more than 5%
  • Each of Cu, Mo, W, B, V, Nb, Ti, Ta, Zr, Hf and Co being elements of the second group, if added, has the effect of enhancing the creep strength.
  • the said elements may be added to the steels and thereby contained therein. The elements, which are in the second group, are now described in detail.
  • the content of Cu is preferably not less than 0.01%.
  • Cu causes a decrease in hot workability, weldability and creep ductility. Therefore, if Cu is added, the content of Cu is set to not more than 3%.
  • the content of Cu is preferably 0.01 to 3%.
  • the upper limit of the Cu content is more preferably 2.0% and further more preferably 0.9%.
  • Mo not more than 5% and W: not more than 10% provided that Mo+(W/2): not more than 5%.
  • Mo and W are effective elements to improve the creep strength and high-temperature strength.
  • the content of Mo or W, when each is added singly is preferably not less than 0.05%.
  • the total content of Mo+(W/2) is preferably not less than 0.05%.
  • Mo and W are added singly at a level exceeding 5% and 10%, respectively, or when Mo and W are added in combination at a level exceeding 5% as expressed in terms of Mo+(W/2), the said effects are saturated and the alloying costs increase and, in addition, the formation of such intermetallic compounds as the ⁇ phase is induced, so the deterioration of microstructural stability and hot workability occurs.
  • Mo and W are added, the contents thereof are set as follows; Mo: not more than 5% and W: not more than 10% provided that Mo+(W/2): not more than 5%.
  • the content of Mo is preferably 0.05 to 5% while the content of W is preferably 0.05 to 10% and, when both the elements are combined and added, the total content of Mo+(W/2) is preferably 0.05 to 5%.
  • Mo and W are ferrite-forming elements, the contents of each Mo and W is preferably lower than 4% in order to stabilize the austenitic microstructure.
  • the content of B is preferably set to not less than 0.0005%. However, if the content of B exceeds 0.03%, deterioration of weldability occurs. Therefore, if B is added, the content of B is set to not more than 0.03%.
  • the content of B is preferably 0.0005 to 0.03% and more preferably 0.001 to 0.1%. Further more preferably, the content of B is 0.001 to 0.005%.
  • V is a carbide-forming element and is effective in improving the creep strength and high-temperature strength.
  • the content of V is preferably set to not less than 0.02%. However, if the content of V exceeds 1.5%, marked deterioration of mechanical properties such as toughness and so on occurs. Therefore, if V is added, the content of V is set to not more than 1.5%.
  • the content of V is preferably 0.02 to 1.5% and more preferably 0.04 to 1%.
  • Nb is a carbide-forming element and is effective in improving the creep strength and high-temperature strength.
  • the content of Nb is preferably set to not less than 0.05%. However, if the content of Nb exceeds 1.5%, marked deterioration of mechanical properties such as toughness and so on occurs. Therefore, if Nb is added, the content of Nb is set to not more than 1.5%.
  • the content of Nb is preferably 0.05 to 1.5% and more preferably 0.05 to 0.6%.
  • Ti is a carbide-forming element and is effective in improving the creep strength and high-temperature strength.
  • the content of Ti is preferably set to not less than 0.005%. However, if the content of Ti exceeds 2%, marked deterioration of mechanical properties such as toughness and so on occurs. Therefore, if Ti is added, the content of Ti is set to not more than 2%.
  • the content of Ti is preferably 0.005 to 2% and more preferably 0.05 to 1%.
  • Ta is also a carbide-forming element and is effective in improving the creep strength and high-temperature strength.
  • the content of Ta is preferably set to not less than 0.01%. However, if the content of Ta exceeds 8%, marked deterioration of mechanical properties such as toughness and so on occurs. Therefore, if Ta is added, the content of Ta is set to not more than 8%.
  • the content of Ta is preferably 0.01 to 8% and more preferably 0.01 to 7%. Further more preferably, the content of Ta is 0.05 to 6%.
  • Zr mainly contributes to grain boundary strengthening and brings about improvements in creep strength.
  • the content of Zr is preferably not less than 0.0005%. However, if the content of Zr exceeds 1%, deterioration of mechanical properties and/or weldability occurs. Therefore, if Zr is added, the content of Zr is set to not more than 1%.
  • the content of Zr is preferably 0.0005 to 1% and more preferably 0.01 to 0.8%. Further more preferably, the content of Zr is 0.02 to 0.5%.
  • Hf also mainly contributes to grain boundary strengthening and brings about improvements in creep strength.
  • the content of Hf is preferably not less than 0.0005%. However, if the content of Hf exceeds 1%, deterioration of mechanical properties and/or weldability occurs. Therefore, if Hf is added, the content of Hf is set to not more than 1%.
  • the content of Hf is preferably 0.0005 to 1% and more preferably 0.01 to 0.8%. Further more preferably, the content of Hf is 0.02 to 0.5%.
  • the content of Co is preferably not less than 0.05%. However, at a Co content level which exceeds 5%, the said effects of Co arrive at saturation levels and the economic efficiency only declines. Therefore, if Co is added, the content of Co is set to not more than 5%.
  • the content of Co is preferably 0.05 to 5%.
  • the steels of the present invention can contain only one or a combination of two or more of the above-mentioned elements Cu, Mo, W, B, V, Nb, Ti, Ta, Zr, Hf and Co.
  • Each of Ca and Mg are elements of the third group and, if added, have the effect of improving hot workability. In order to obtain this effect, the said elements may be added to the steels and thereby contained therein.
  • the elements, which are the third group, are now described in detail.
  • Ca has an effect of improving the hot workability of steels.
  • the content of Ca is preferably set to not less than 0.0001%.
  • a Ca content which exceeds 0.05% causes a decrease in hot workability due to the formation of oxide type inclusions and also causes deterioration of ductility. Therefore, if Ca is added, the content of Ca is set to not more than 0.05%.
  • the content of Ca is preferably 0.0001 to 0.05% and more preferably 0.001 to 0.02%. Further more preferably, the content of Ca is 0.001 to 0.01%.
  • Mg also has an effect of improving the hot workability of steels.
  • the content of Mg is preferably set to not less than 0.0001%.
  • a Mg content which exceeds 0.05% causes a decrease in hot workability due to the formation of oxide type inclusions and also causes deterioration of ductility. Therefore, if Mg is added, the content of Mg is set to not more than 0.05%.
  • the content of Mg is preferably 0.0001 to 0.05% and more preferably 0.001 to 0.02%. Further more preferably, the content of Mg is 0.001 to 0.01%.
  • the steels of the present invention can contain only one or a combination of both of the above-mentioned elements Ca and Mg.
  • the austenitic stainless steel welded joint according to the present invention (2) and the austenitic stainless steel welding material according to the present invention (4) are defined as the ones which contain at least one element selected from the above-mentioned first to third groups in lieu of part of Fe in the austenitic stainless steel welded joint according to the present invention (1) and the austenitic stainless steel welding material according to the present invention (3), respectively, and which satisfy the said formula (2).
  • the austenitic stainless steel welded joints according to the present inventions (1) and (2) can be produced by various welding methods such as TIG welding, MIG welding and so on.
  • the welding materials in order to produce those austenitic stainless steel welded joints, the austenitic stainless steel welding materials according to the present inventions (3) and (4) can be used.
  • Austenitic stainless steels 1 to 12 and A to D having the chemical compositions shown in Table 1 were melted using a high-frequency induction vacuum furnace and cast to form ingots.
  • the steels 1 to 12 shown in Table 1 are steels having chemical compositions falling within the range regulated by the present invention.
  • the steels A to D in Table 1 are steels of comparative examples with chemical compositions out of the range regulated by the present invention.
  • the content of P in austenitic stainless steels used for heat exchange in boilers is restricted to not more than 0.040%, as prescribed in JIS G 3463 . Therefore, the P content of 0.03% in the steel A shown in Table 1 corresponds to the P content in the ordinary austenitic stainless steels used for heat exchange in boilers.
  • Each ingot obtained was hot-forged in the conventional manner and then subjected to solution heat treatment at 1200° C. and then processed into restraint weld cracking test specimens with shape of V-groove (1.5 mm, 60°) at the butt end and having a thickness of 12 mm, a width of 50 mm and a length of 150 mm, and Trans-Varestraint test specimens having a thickness of 4 mm, a width of 100 mm and a length of 100 mm.
  • the thus-obtained restraint weld cracking test specimens were peripherally restraint-welded, and each butt site was subjected to a no filler welding by the TIG welding method under the following conditions: welding current 150 A, welding voltage 12 V, welding speed 10 cm/min; and the bead surface cracking ratio, namely the percentage occurrence of solidification cracks relative to the weld bead length of the restraint weld cracking test specimens, was measured.
  • Trans-Varestraint testing was carried out using the said Trans-Varestraint test specimens under the following conditions: welding current 100 A, welding voltage 15 V, welding speed 15 cm/min, added strain 2%; and the maximum crack length was measured.
  • the maximum crack length evaluated by the Trans-Varestraint testing of those austenitic stainless steel weld metals, which are in conventional use for heat resisting purposes, is not longer than 1 mm. Therefore, an austenitic stainless steel showing a maximum crack length of not longer than 1 mm as evaluated by the said Trans-Varestraint testing is considered to have good resistance against weld solidification cracking.
  • the bead surface cracking ratio was 0, namely no cracking occurred in the weld metal, in the restraint weld cracking testing, and moreover, the maximum crack length in the Trans-Varestraint testing was not longer than 1 mm.
  • the said steel A has excellent weldability; however, the creep rupture time thereof was shorter than 1000 hours, hence the steel A is inferior in creep characteristics.
  • the austenitic stainless steel welded joints of the present invention can be widely applied as steel pipes, steel plates and so on in such fields where not only high-temperature strength and corrosion resistance but also weldability is required, in spite of high P content thereof.
  • the austenitic stainless steel welding materials of the present invention are best suited for producing the above-mentioned austenitic stainless steel welded joints.
US12/320,306 2006-07-27 2009-01-23 Austenitic stainless steel welded joint and austenitic stainless steel welding material Abandoned US20090196783A1 (en)

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PCT/JP2007/064664 WO2008013223A1 (fr) 2006-07-27 2007-07-26 Joint soudé en acier inoxydable austénitique et matériau de soudure en acier inoxydable austénitique

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