UA147352U - METHOD OF PROCESSING BARLEY IN CEREALS - Google Patents

Abstract

The method of processing barley into cereals includes cleaning the grain from impurities, grinding, grinding and sorting of grinding products. Grain with a moisture content of not more than 14% is soaked in water heated to 55-60 ° C for 90-140 min, moistened for 30-45 min, steamed at a vapor pressure of 0.14-0.17 MPa for 14-16 min, dried to humidity not more than 14%, crushed, divided into two fractions, fractionally ground on two systems and sorted.

Description

The useful model belongs to the cereal industry, in particular, it refers to the methods of processing whole grain varieties of barley into cereal products, specifically - cereals from crushed kernels, polished numbered.

There is a well-known method of processing barley into cereal products, according to which cleaned bare barley grain with a moisture content of no more than 15 95 is moistened with water heated to 55-60 "С to a moisture content of 18-20 95, dehumidified for 8-10 hours, steamed under steam pressure 0.15-0.20 MPa for 5-7 min, dried to a humidity of no more than 14 95 and fractionated. At the same time, the residue from a 2.3x20 mm sieve is polished, controlled, moistened to a humidity of 22-24 95, moistened for 2-3 hours. The output from the 2.0x2.0 mm sieve is controlled and packed (see Ukrainian utility model patent Mo. 124437, publ. 04/10/2018, Bull. Mo 7).

The closest analogue of a useful model is the method of processing filmy varieties of barley into barley groats, with a total output of 65 95 finished products, which involves cleaning the grain from impurities, husking, preliminary grinding, successive grinding of the kernel, sorting of grinding products, grinding of medium-sized fractions, sorting and grain control (see "Rules for the organization and management of the technological process at grain factories". - Kyiv:

Ministry of agro-industrial complex, 1998. - P. 53-56).

Cleaned from characteristic impurities, the grain of flaky barley is sent to peeling, which is carried out by sequentially passing through four peeling systems. Hulled barley (pensak) is sent to grinding, which is carried out on one or two grinding systems, after which it is sent to the grinding stage, which is implemented on four consecutive grinding systems. Grinding is carried out with simultaneous sorting of grinding products. On all sorting systems, small particles of the crushed core are removed by passing through metal-woven sieves Mo 080 and sent to flour control. The largest particles obtained by passing metal woven sieves Mo 2.8 (on the first and second grinding systems) and

Mo 2.5 (third grinding system) after airing in air separators, is directed to additional grinding on roller machines of the following systems. Coarse particles from the diffuser of the last grinding system, obtained by the rise of the Mo 2.0 sieve, after the extraction of small particles in the air separator, are returned to the roller machine of the third grinding system.

Products of medium size, obtained by passing punching sieves with openings of 2 1.8 and 1.5 mm,

They are blown out and directed to grinding. Small products that have passed through punching sieves with openings of 2 1.8 and 1.5 mm are a mixture of barley groats of different numbers, which, after processing in air separators, are sent to the stage of groat sorting. One system is used for grinding medium-sized products, after which they enter the first sorting system of the stage of sorting barley groats. At the sorting stage, which is implemented on three systems, barley groats are divided on the corresponding sieves into three numbers.

The closest analogue and useful model have the following operations in common: grain cleaning from impurities; grinding; grinding; sorting of grinding products.

However, the method-the closest analogue involves a long duration and complexity of the technological process: 3-4 peeling systems, 1-2 grinding systems, 4 systems for grinding the polished core and an additional grinding system for grinding products of the medium fraction.

The basis of a useful model is the task of developing a method of processing barley into cereals, in which by including soaking and steaming, drying and grinding of steamed grain, fractionation, exclusion of husking, reduction of the grinding stage to two systems, as well as the use of barley of a certain variety, to ensure the simplification of the technological process , expansion of the existing range and increase in output of finished products.

The task is solved by the fact that in the method of processing barley into cereals, which involves cleaning the grain from impurities, grinding, grinding and sorting the grinding products, according to a useful model, grain with a moisture content of no more than 14 95 is soaked in water heated to 55-60 "С for 90-140 min, dehumidify for 30-45 min, steam at a steam pressure of 0.14-0.17 MPa for 14-16 min, dry to a moisture content of no more than 14 95, grind, divide into two fractions, fractionally grind on two systems and sort.

The method is carried out in the following order:

Cleaned from impurities, bare barley grain with a moisture content of no more than 14 95 enters operational bunkers. It is controlled for magnetic impurities and enters the water-heat treatment stage, which is carried out in two stages. At the first stage, the grain is sent to special tanks with water heated to 55-60 "C for soaking, which lasts for 90-140 minutes. After that, it is dehumidified in special bunkers for 30-45 minutes, removing excess moisture from the grain at this stage. At the second stage, the grain is steamed in steamers of the periodic action type

PZ under an excess pressure of 0.14-0.17 MPa for 14-16 minutes, dried on vertical steam dryers to a humidity of no more than 14 95 and sent to a rolling machine for grinding.

This operation is carried out on one system with the following characteristics of the rollers: the number of grooves per 1 cm of the circle of the rollers b pcs., the slope of the grooves - b 95, the speed of rotation of the rollers - b m/s. The mixture of grinding products enters the grain spreader for sorting. The purpose of this stage is to separate the crushed kernel into two fractions and extract the flour. Passing through sieves of 3.0 mm, a large fraction of the crushed kernel is obtained, and a fine fraction is obtained through the passage. Flour and small particles of the crushed kernel are removed through a 22.0 mm sieve, they are sent to a special hopper, accumulated, and then ground into flour.

Both fractions of the crushed core are passed through one system of air separators or aspiration columns and sent to grinding systems to control flour residues. Grinding is carried out fractionally on two systems with the use of peeling-grinding columns and directed to the grinding systems. Grinding is carried out fractionally on two systems with the use of peeling and grinding machines, which work according to the principle of intensive abrasion of shells of the ZShN type. The circular speed of the disks is set at 18-20 m/sec. A decrease in the circular speed of the disks will lead to insufficient removal of the surface layers of the grain during processing on two systems, which, accordingly, will cause the need to increase the number of systems to three or four. An increase in the circular speed of the discs will contribute to a more intensive removal of the surface layers, which will lead to an increase in the number of by-products in the form of small particles of crushed kernel and flour, while reducing the yield of the whole kernel and finished products during its further processing. In addition to increasing the yield of by-products, this will lead to the need to expand the stage of sorting grinding products due to the installation of additional machines - sieve air separators and aspiration columns.

The mixture of grinding products of both fractions is sent to two systems of air separators or aspiration columns to remove aerodynamically light components - flour and small particles of the crushed core. After that, when processing the crushed core

From the coarse fraction, milled and polished groats Mo 1 are obtained, and from the fine fraction - milled and ground groats Mo 2. The obtained groats are controlled for the content of metallomagnetic impurities and sent to packaging or to bunkers for finished products.

Example

We got flattened groats. To do this, the grain of bare barley with an initial moisture content of 13.5 96 and a mass of 2000 g, cleaned of impurities, was weighed on an automatic scale and sent to the water-heat treatment stage. The grain was soaked in water heated to 60 °C for 90 minutes. After that, it was dehumidified in a special hopper with a perforated lower surface for 45 minutes, removing excess moisture from the grain at this stage. At the second stage, the grain was steamed in a batch steamer at an excess pressure of 0, 14 MPa for 16 min.

After steaming, the grain was dried to a moisture content of 1495 and sent for grinding in a roller machine with corrugated rollers with the following characteristics: the number of grooves per 1 cm of the roller circle is 6 pcs., the inclination of the grooves is 6 95, the speed of rotation of the rollers is 6 m/s. The mixture of grinding products was sorted in a grain separator. A large fraction of the crushed core was obtained by exiting through sieves of 3.0 mm, and a small fraction was obtained by passage. At the next stage, grinding of the crushed core was carried out, which was carried out on two consecutive systems using a peeling-grinding machine in which the method of intensive abrasion of shells was implemented. The circular speed of the disks was set at 18 m/s. In order to extract flour and small particles of the crushed kernel, the mixture of grinding products was passed twice through an aspiration column, after which, during the processing of the coarse fraction, crushed and ground Mo 1, 5O fine groats - ground and ground Mo 2 groats were obtained.

As a result of barley processing, the total yield of crushed Me1-zhMo2 grains was 78 95, secondary raw materials (taking into account mechanical losses) - 22 95.

Claims (1)

USEFUL MODEL FORMULA 55 The method of processing barley into cereals, which includes cleaning the grain from impurities, grinding, grinding and sorting the grinding products, which is characterized by the fact that the grain with a moisture content of no more than 14 95 is soaked in water heated to 55-60 "C for 90-140 minutes, dehumidify for 30 minutes, steam at a steam pressure of 0.14-0.17 MPa for 14-16 minutes, dry to a moisture content of no more than 14 95, grind, divide into two fractions, fractionally grind on two systems and sort.