UA118178U - PRODUCTION OF WHOLE GRAIN PRODUCTION - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for the production of whole grain flour includes impurity cleaning, water treatment, drying, peeling, sorting of peeling products, crushing and sorting of crushing products. The triticale grain with a moisture content of 10-14% is steamed at a steam pressure of 0.15-0.20 MPa, dried to a moisture content of 12-13%, ground once, sorted and ground.

Description

The useful model belongs to the grain industry, in particular to methods of processing triticale grain into grain products, specifically whole grain flour.

A known method of buckwheat flour production, which includes grain cleaning from impurities, fractionation, moistening, dehumidification, heat treatment by convective-conductive method, cooling, peeling, sorting of peeling products and grinding (see patent

RF Mo 2268615 A2ZI, 2004).

Buckwheat grain is cleaned of characteristic impurities, sorted into three fractions and sent to the hydrothermal treatment stage. At the first stage, the grain is moistened to 24-30 965 and dehumidified for 4-8 hours, after which heat treatment of the moistened grain is carried out at a temperature of 160-190 "C for 2-3 minutes. The grain is cooled and sent to husking, which is carried out in a roller machines. Hulling products are sorted in two stages: in the first stage, the husk is removed in aspiration columns, in the second, the flour is removed in a grain sorting machine and the husked and unhusked grain is separated. The unhusked grain is returned to husking, the whole husked and crushed kernel is sent for grinding. Buckwheat flour is obtained by sifting through a Mo 35 sieve, the residue on the sieve should not exceed 5 95. The yield of flour is 78 95.

The analogue and the claimed useful model have the following common operations: - grain cleaning from impurities; - hydrothermal treatment; - peeling; - sorting of peeling products; - grinding; - sorting of grinding products.

However, the known method involves a long duration and complexity of the technological process: carrying out the stage of hydrothermal treatment involves moistening the grain followed by its dehumidification and carrying out a special thermal treatment by a convective-conductive method in which the grain is heated at a temperature of 160-190 "С, the husking of the grain is carried out in three streams, which requires significant production areas for the placement of bunkers and special machines and causes difficulties in implementing this process at small factories

From power.

There is also a known method of processing oats into tolokno, which includes cleaning the grain from impurities, removing lean and unripe grain, soaking, cooking, drying, cooling, peeling, sorting the products of peeling into several stages, re-husking, grinding and sorting the products of grinding (see " Rules for the organization and management of the technological process at grain factories". - Kyiv: Ministry of Agro-Industrial Complex, 1998. - pp. 38-39).

Grain is cleaned of impurities, thin and unripe grain is removed and soaked in water heated to 35 "C for two hours. After that, it is boiled for 1.5-2.0 hours at a steam pressure of 0.15-0.20 MPa and dried to moisture 5-6 95. After cooling, the grain is husked.

This stage is carried out in a peeling posture or in a ventral peeler. Sorting of husking products is carried out in a centrifuge, where flour and particles of the crushed kernel are removed through a sieve of 2.0 mm, after which, in an air separator, the husk is removed. The mixture of husked and unhusked grain enters the stage of grain separation, which is carried out in a paddy machine. Unhusked grain is returned to the hulling system, the kernel after additional control in the air separator is sent for grinding. The grinding stage is carried out on two systems of rolling machines. Grinding products are sorted after each grinding system. Grain spreaders are used for sorting. Flour is selected on each sorting system by passing through silk sieves Mo 27 and Mo 29 or polyamide sieves Mo 27 PL-120 and Mo 29 PA-120 and sent for control.

This method was chosen as a prototype.

The proposed prototype and useful model have the following advanced operations: - grain cleaning from impurities; - hydrothermal treatment; - drying; - peeling; - sorting of peeling products; - grinding; - sorting of grinding products.

The disadvantage of the known technological process for the production of oat flour (tolokna) is the long duration of the technological process (the need for two-stage husking of the grain, the presence of a complex stage of sorting the products of husking and grain separation),

carrying out a complex and long stage of hydrothermal processing of grain, which involves soaking, cooking grain under excess pressure in special devices, drying and cooling grain, which requires significant production areas to accommodate the appropriate machines and difficulties in implementing this process in small factories.

The basis of a useful model is the task of developing a method of producing flour from whole grain, in which by changing operations (steaming grain instead of soaking and boiling), shortening the sorting stage, introducing a special grinding operation, as well as using triticale of a certain grade, to ensure the simplification of the technological process due to reducing the number of operations, their duration and increasing the output of finished products.

The task is solved by the fact that the method of production of flour from whole grains, which involves cleaning from impurities, hydrothermal treatment, drying, peeling, sorting of peeling products, grinding and sorting of grinding products, because, unlike the prototype, triticale grain with a moisture content of 10-14 96 is steamed at a steam pressure of 0.15-0.20 MPa, dried to a moisture content of 12-13 95, polished once, sorted and crushed.

The method is carried out in the following order. Triticale grain cleaned of impurities, for example of the "Slavetne" variety, with a moisture content of no more than 14.0 95, enters operational bunkers.

It is monitored for magnetic impurities and directed to hydrothermal treatment with one stream.

The grain is steamed in periodic steamers of the PZ type at a steam pressure of 0.15-0.20 MPa for 5-7 minutes. After that, they are dried in vertical steam dryers to a moisture content of 12-1395 and sent to peeling. This technological operation is carried out using upholstery machines. In upholstery machines, the circular speed of the whips is set to 12-14 m/s, the inclination of the whips is 8-10 95, the gap between the whips and the abrasive surface is 20-25 mm. The mixture of peeling products is controlled for the presence of aerodynamically light impurities by passing through one system of air separators or aspiration columns. After that, the grain is sent for grinding, which is carried out on the same system with the use of ZMIN husking and grinding machines, which work according to the method of intensive shell abrasion. The circular speed of the grinding wheels is set at 18-20 m/s. A decrease in the circular speed of the grinding wheels during grinding will lead to insufficient removal of the surface layers of the grain when it is processed on one system, which will accordingly cause the need to increase

From the number of grinding systems to two or three. Increasing the circular speed of the grinding wheels will contribute to a more intensive removal of the surface layers, which will lead to an increase in the number of by-products in the form of small particles of crushed core and flour, while reducing the output of the core and finished products. An increase in the yield of by-products will cause the need to expand the stage of sorting the grinding products due to the need to install additional sieve-air separators and aspiration columns.

After grinding, the mixture is passed through two systems of aspiration columns or air separators to remove flour and sent to grinding. This stage is carried out in rolling machines with the use of four shredding systems (dr. c).

The ratio of roller speeds on all systems is 2.5; circular speed of rollers - 3.5 m/s; placement of flutes point by point, the number of flutes per 1 cm of the roller surface, depending on the system, should be from 4.0 to 8.0 pcs. The inter-roller gap is adjusted after each other p. in the range of values of 0.4-0.1 mm. After each broken system, additional grinding in the entoleator is provided. Sorting of grinding products is carried out after each grinding system. Grain spreaders are used for sorting. Flour is selected by passing sieves from Mo 056 to Mo 067 on each sorting system. The exit from the sieve after the first, second and third dr. s is directed to the next grinding system, after the fourth dr. s - the remainder is bran. At the final stage, control of the received flour and bran is carried out, after which they are sent to packaging.

Example.

We got whole grain flour. To do this, triticale grain of the "Slavetne" grade, cleaned of impurities, with an initial moisture content of 13.4 95, weighing 2000 g, was weighed on an automatic scale and sent to a periodic steamer, where it was treated with saturated steam at a steam pressure of 0.20

MPa within 5 min. After that, the grain was dried in a steam dryer to a humidity of 13 95 and sent to an upholstery machine for peeling. In the upholstery machine, the circular speed of the whips was set to 14 m/s, the inclination of the whips was 10 95, and the gap between the whips and the abrasive surface was 25 mm.

The mixture of peeling products was sent to an aspiration column to extract flour.

After that, the grain was sent for grinding, which was carried out on the same system with the use of shelling and grinding machines, which work according to the method of intensive abrasion of the shells.

The circular speed of the grinding wheels is set at 20 m/s. After grinding, the mixture was passed through two systems of aspiration columns and directed to grinding, which was carried out in rolling machines using four shredding systems (dr. c).

The ratio of roller speeds on all systems was set to 2.5; circular speed of rollers - 3.5 m/s; placement of flutes - point by point, the number of flutes per 1 cm of the roller surface, depending on the system, is from 4.0 to 8.0 pcs. The inter-roller gap was adjusted after each other step:

And dr.s-0.4 mm, 11 dr.s. - O.3 mm, 111 dr. p. - 0.2 mm, MI other p. - 0.1 mm. After each broken system, additional grinding in the eptoleitor is provided. Sorting of grinding products was carried out after each grinding system. Grain spreaders were used for sorting. Flour was selected by passing through a Mo 056 sieve on each sorting system.

The output from this sieve after the first, second and third dr. s entered the next grinding system, after the fourth dr. s - the remainder was bran.

As a result of the processing of "Slavetne" triticale grain into flour from whole grain, the total yield of the finished product was 77.0 95, by-products and waste (taking into account mechanical losses) - 23.0 9".

Claims (2)

USEFUL MODEL FORMULA 1. The method of production of flour from whole grains, which includes purification from impurities, hydrothermal treatment, drying, peeling, sorting of peeling products, grinding and sorting of grinding products, which is characterized by the fact that triticale grain with a moisture content of 10-14 k is steamed at a steam pressure of 0 ,15-0.20 MPa, dried to a moisture content of 12-13 95, polished once, sorted and crushed. 2. The method according to claim 1, which differs in that triticale grain of the "Slavetne" variety is used.