UA120925U - METHOD OF PROCESSING GRAIN IRON IN GROUPS - Google Patents

Abstract

The method of processing millet grain into cereals involves the cleaning of grain from impurities, fractionation, peeling, sorting of peeling products, grinding and sorting of grinding products. Grain with a moisture content of not more than 14% is peeled on the roller mill system in two stages. The first is fractional on the system of machines with two decks. On the second - one stream on the machine tool system with one deck, grind, sort, with the east of the sieve (2.0 mm steamed at a steam pressure of 0.15-0.20 MPa for 2-4 min, dried to a humidity of not more than 14 %, the east of sieve No. 1.2 is controlled and packed.

Description

The useful model belongs to the cereal industry, in particular to methods of processing millet into cereal products, specifically whole grain cereals.

There is a known method of millet production, which includes grain cleaning from impurities, hydrothermal treatment, drying, peeling, sorting and control of finished products (see patent of the Russian Federation Mo 2115476 IPC VO2B 5/02 1996).

After weighing, the millet grain is sent to air separators for cleaning from impurities.

At the next stage, a threefold successive separation on sieves is carried out. Large impurities are removed through sieves 0 4.0-4.5 mm on the first system and Е 3.0-3.5 mm on the third.

Small impurities are removed on sieves 1.6x20 mm or 1.5x20 mm. Additional extraction of small impurities is carried out in A1-BRU dispersers. Grain cleaned of impurities is sent to hydrothermal treatment, which is carried out using the method of cold conditioning. The grain is moistened with water to a humidity of 18-24 95. At this stage, the use of a moistening machine type AT1-BSHU-2 is assumed. After that, the grain enters the bunkers for dehumidification, which lasts for 9-12 hours. At the next stage, the grain is dried in a dryer at a temperature of the drying agent of 120-150 "C for 3.5-4.5 minutes and sent to husking. This stage is carried out in a roller deck machine with two decks of the DSHO-3 type. The circular speed of the roller is set to 15 .5 m/s. The mixture of peeling products for the extraction of husks is blown in aspirators and sent to screw press machines of the UT-BSHP type, in which the final extraction of shells and germ is carried out. for control, which is carried out in the grain spreaders of AT-BRU. Impurities and a small amount of unhusked grain are removed through sieves E 2.3-2.5 mm. Particles of crushed kernel are removed through sieves b 1.6-1.7 mm The output from these sieves is groats - millet, which is directed to two systems of aspirators, magnetic control, after which the groats enter the bunkers for finished products.

The analogue and the claimed useful model have the following common operations: - grain cleaning from impurities; - peeling; - sorting of peeling products.

However, the known method involves a long duration and complexity of the technological process: the stage of hydrothermal treatment includes moistening and dehumidification of the grain for 9-12 hours, the need for drying at a drying agent temperature of 120-150 "С, which requires significant production areas for placing bunkers for dehumidification and additional technological equipment - humidifying machines and dryers, which causes difficulties in the implementation of this process at factories of low productivity.

There is also a known method of processing millet into groats, which includes the separation of grain into coarse and fine fractions, separate peeling on two systems for each fraction, grinding, after the first peeling, separation of grain fractions on sieves of 1.7-1.5 x 20 mm for fine fractions, 1.8-1.7 x 20 mm for large ones, the output of which is sent to repeated peeling, the passage to grinding (AS USSR Mo 1659096 IPC VO2B 1/02 1988).

The millet grain, pre-cleaned in the grain cleaning department, enters the grain separator, which separates the grain into two fractions, large and small. The grain of the coarse fraction, which is obtained by passing through a 1.8 x 20 mm sieve, enters the first peeling system in a rolling machine, after which the mixture of peeling products is passed through a dehumidifier in which flour, husks and broken kernels are extracted. The grain is sent for sorting in a grain separator, where the hulled kernel and unhulled grain are separated.

In the disperser, the 1.7x20 mm and 1.8x20 mm sieves mainly receive unhusked grain, which is sent to the second dehusking system on a rolling machine, after which the mixture of dehusking products is winnowed in a duo-aspirator. The fraction obtained by passing through a sieve of 1.7x20 mm is combined with the products after the second peeling and sent to the peeling-grinding system on a rolling machine, after which the mixture of peeling-grinding products is winnowed in a duo-aspirator. Grain of the fine fraction obtained at the fractionation stage is processed according to a similar scheme, with the exception that, when separating husked and unhusked grain, after the first husking system, sieves 1.7x20 mm, 1.6x20 mm and 1.5x20 mm are installed in the disperser from which they are sent to the second peeling system for the fine fraction.

After the dehusking and grinding system, the millet core of both fractions is checked for the content of the crushed core, coarse and fine impurities, after which the groats are sent for packaging.

The analogue and the claimed useful model have the following common operations: 60 - grain cleaning from impurities;

- fractionation; - peeling; - sorting of peeling products.

However, the known method involves a long duration and complexity of the technological process, which includes the separate peeling of grain by fractions on three systems, which requires the use of roller deck machines at this stage, the stage of sorting the products of peeling requires the installation of 6 duo-aspirators and a grain disperser, which causes difficulties in the implementation of this process at factories of low productivity.

There is also a well-known method of grinding millet groats, which includes grain cleaning from impurities, sorting into fractions, peeling, sorting of peeling products, grinding of the core, sorting of grinding products and control (see "Rules for the organization and management of the technological process at grain factories". - K.: Ministry of agro-industrial complex, 1998. - P. 48-52).

The grain cleaned of impurities is sent to sorting, which is carried out with the use of sieve-air separators and grain dispersers of AT-BRU at this stage. The existing scheme includes the processing of millet grain in one (without a fractionation stage) or two streams (with fractionation). When processing millet with the fractionation stage, the grain is divided into large and small fractions. The coarse fraction is obtained through a sieve passage of 2 3.0 mm and a passage of 1.7x20 mm, a fine fraction - through a passage of 1.7x20 mm and a passage of 1.5x20 mm. The resulting fractions are sent to peeling in two parallel streams. The existing scheme includes the use at the peeling stage of roller decking machines with one or two decks. When using machines with one deck, husking is carried out by passing the grain through four consecutive husking systems, if a scheme with grain separation into fractions is used, husking is carried out on three systems: separately on the first and simultaneously on the second and third. When using machines with two decks, it is assumed that the grain is husked sequentially using two systems. Sorting of peeling products is carried out after each peeling system. At this stage, the use of air separators is envisaged, the main purpose of which is to remove from the mixture of husk, particles of crushed kernel and flour, the failure to remove which will lead to a decrease in the efficiency of the following stages of the technological process. After the first peeling system, three are expected

From consecutive passes of air separators, and after the second, third and fourth systems - two passes each. After the last peeling system and extraction of aerodynamically light components in air separators, a millet core is obtained, the content of unshelled grains in which does not exceed 1 95. Such a core is a semi-finished product that can be used as a food product.

In order to improve the marketable appearance, consumer properties of groats, and extend its shelf life, the existing scheme provides for grinding, the purpose of which is to remove fruit, seed shells and partially the germ. Grinding is carried out on the same system with the use at this stage of roller deck machines, A1-ZSHN type machines, and special U1-BSHP screw-press grinding machines. The mixture of grinding products is sorted by passing twice through air separators, in which flour, finely ground particles of the core and husk residues are extracted. The whole ground core enters the grain disperser for control. Passage through sieves 2 2.3-2.5 mm or 1.8-1.p9x20 mm is used to remove large impurities, through sieves 2 1.6-1.7 mm the remains of flour and crushed kernels are removed. After passing through sieves E 1.6-1.7 mm, we get ground millet, which is controlled by passing through air separators twice, after which the groats are sent to packaging. The output of finished products is 60 95.

This method is the closest analogue.

The closest analogue and the claimed useful model have the following operations in common: - grain cleaning from impurities; - fractionation; - peeling; - sorting of peeling products; - grinding; - sorting of grinding products.

The disadvantage of the technological process for the production of millet groats polished according to the method of the closest analogue is the large length of the technological process, which includes the implementation of four peeling systems when using machines with one tray or two when using machines with two trays, a complex stage of sorting the products of peeling with the use of up to nine systems air separators, the core control stage in the grain disperser and air separator, which requires significant production areas to accommodate the appropriate machines and difficulties in implementing this process in low-capacity plants.

The basis of a useful model is the task of developing a method of processing millet grain into groats, in which, by carrying out one-time fractional peeling on a roller deck machine with two decks and using one ladder system of machines 3 with one deck, reducing the number of air separators at the sorting stage, introducing kernel steaming, and as well as the use of millet of a certain grade, to ensure the simplification of the technological process by reducing the number of operations, their duration and expanding the range of finished millet processing products.

The task is solved in the method of processing millet grain into groats, which includes grain cleaning from impurities, fractionation, peeling, sorting of peeling products, grinding and sorting of grinding products, according to a useful model, grain with a moisture content of no more than 14 95 is peeled on a system of roller deck machines in two stages: in the first, in fractions on a system of machines with two decks, in the second - in one flow on a system of machines with one deck, they are polished, sorted, while the exit from the sieve 2 2.0 mm is steamed at a steam pressure of 0.15-0.20 MPa for 2-4 minutes, dry to a moisture content of no more than 14 95, sieve

Mo 1,2 are controlled and packaged.

The method is carried out in the following order.

Cleaned from impurities, millet grain, for example, of the "Poltava Golden" variety, with a moisture content of no more than 14 95, enters the AT-BRU grain disperser or sieve-air separator of type A1-

BIS for fractionation. Passing through a sieve of 1.9x20 mm, a coarse fraction is obtained, passing through this sieve - a fine fraction. After that, both fractions are sent to peeling, which is carried out in two stages.

At the first stage, the grain is husked fractionally on a system of rolling deck machines with two decks. The husking mode is set so as to obtain 95 husked grains after the 87-92 system. The mixture of peeling products of both fractions is combined and sent to a system of air separators or aspiration columns. The purpose of this stage is to remove the husk and flour.

After extraction of the aerodynamically light components, the mixture of hulled and unhulled grain flows in one stream to the stepped hulling system, which uses roller deck machines with one deck. The peeling mode is set so that it is obtained after the staircase

From the 93-97 system to husked grain.

The mixture of peeling products for the extraction of husk and flour is sent to the system of air separators or aspiration columns. After that, the core is sent for grinding, which is carried out in peeling-grinding machines that work according to the principle of intensive abrasion of shells of the ZShN type. The circular speed of the disks is set at 16-18 m/s. The mixture of grinding products to remove flour, crushed kernel particles and a small amount of husk is passed through two systems of air separators or aspiration columns.

The whole polished core is sent to the grain disperser for sorting, in which the coarse fraction is obtained by passing through a Э 2.0 mm sieve, passing through this sieve and passing through a Мо 1.2 sieve - polished groats Мо 2. Passing through a Мо 1.2 sieve, the residues are removed flour and particles of crushed kernel. The coarse fraction is sent to the stage of hydrothermal treatment, which consists in steaming the core in periodic steamers of the PZ type at a steam pressure of 0.15-0.20 MPa for 2-4 minutes. After drying to a moisture content of no more than 14 95, the core is grits polished steamed Mo 1.

The groats of both rooms are controlled for the presence of metallomagnetic impurities, after which they are sent to packaging or to bunkers for finished products.

Example.

Received millet groats. For this purpose, millet grain of the "Poltava Golden" variety, with a moisture content of 13.195, was fractionated in a grain separator. The coarse fraction was obtained by passing through a 1.9x20 mm sieve, and the fine fraction by passing through this sieve. The grain was husked in fractions on a roller-deck machine with two decks. The share of hulled grain of the coarse fraction after the hulling system was 90 95, of small grain - 88 95. The mixture of hulling products was combined and sent to an aspiration column, where husk, flour and small particles of the crushed kernel were extracted. The mixture of hulled and unhulled grain was sent in one flow to the ladder hulling system, which used a rolling deck machine with one deck. The share of dehusked grain after the step dehusking system was 97 95. After that, the mixture of dehusking products was passed through an aspiration column and directed to grinding, which was carried out in a dehusking-grinding machine that works on the principle of intensive shell abrasion. The circular speed of the disks was set at 16 m/s.

The mixture of grinding products for the extraction of flour, particles of crushed kernels and husks was passed through two systems of aspiration columns and sent to a grain disperser for sorting. A large fraction of the polished core was obtained by passing through sieves of Е 2.0 mm, which was sent to hydrothermal treatment. The output from the Mo 1.2 metal woven sieve was a ground core, which was characterized as groats ground Mo 2. By passing through the Mo 1.2 sieve, the remains of flour and particles of the crushed core were removed.

The coarse fraction was sent for steaming, which was carried out in a batch steamer at a steam pressure of 0.20 MPa for 4 min. After that, the core was dried in a drier to a moisture content of 14 95, and grinded groats steamed Mo 1 were obtained.

As a result of the processing of "Poltava Golden" millet grain into groats, the total output of groats Mo 1--Mo 2 was 71 95, by-products and waste (including mechanical losses) - 29 95.

Claims (1)

USEFUL MODEL FORMULA A method of processing millet grain into groats, which includes grain cleaning from impurities, fractionation, peeling, sorting of peeling products, grinding and sorting of grinding products, which is characterized by the fact that grain with a moisture content of no more than 14 95 is peeled on a system of roller deck machines in two stages: in the first, fractionally on a system of machines with two trays, in the second - in a single stream on a system of machines with one tray, grinding, sorting, while the exit from the Е 2.0 mm sieve is steamed at a steam pressure of 0.15-0.20 MPa for 2-4 minutes, dry to a humidity of no more than 14 95, the output from the Mo 1.2 sieve is controlled and packaged.