UA120336U - METHOD OF PROCESSING GRAIN IRON IN GROUPS - Google Patents

Abstract

The method of processing millet grain into cereals, which involves the purification of grain from impurities, peeling, sorting of products of peeling, and the grain with a moisture content of not more than 14% peel on the system of roller mill machines in two stages: on the first on machines with two decks, on the second - on machines with one deck, sorted, with the east of the sieve 1.7 (20 mm is crushed and sorted, and the passage of the sieve 1.7 (20 mm is steamed at a vapor pressure of 0.17-0.20 MPa, for 2-4 min and dried to humidity not more than 14%.

Description

The utility model relates to the grain industry, in particular to methods of processing millet into grain products, specifically whole grain and milled grain.

A well-known method of millet production, which includes grain cleaning from impurities, hydrothermal treatment, drying, peeling, sorting and control of finished products, see patent of the Russian Federation No. 2115476 IPC VO2B 5/02 1996|.

After weighing, the millet grain is sent to air separators for cleaning from impurities.

At the next stage, a threefold successive separation on sieves is carried out. Large impurities are removed from sieves of Е 4.0-4.5 mm on the first system and Е 3.0-3.5 mm on the third.

Small impurities are removed on sieves 1.6x20 mm or 1.5x20 mm. Additional extraction of small impurities is carried out in A1-BRU dispersers. Grain cleaned of impurities is sent to hydrothermal treatment, which is carried out using the method of cold conditioning. The grain is moistened with water to a humidity of 18-24 95. At this stage, the use of a moistening machine type AT1-BSHU-2 is assumed. After that, the grain enters the bunkers for dehumidification, which lasts for 9-12 hours. At the next stage, the grain is dried in a dryer at a temperature of the drying agent of 120-150 "C for 3.5-4.5 minutes and sent to husking. This stage is carried out in a roller deck machine with two decks of the DSHO-3 type. The circular speed of the roller is set to 15 .5 m/s. The mixture of peeling products for the extraction of husks is blown in aspirators and sent to screw press machines of the UT-BSHP type, in which the final extraction of shells and germs is carried out. on the control carried out in grain dispersers AT-BRU. Impurities and a small amount of unhusked grain are removed through sieves E 2.3-2.5 mm. Particles of crushed kernel are removed through sieve 2 1.6-1.7 mm The exit from these sieves is groats - millet, which is directed to two systems of aspirators, magnetic control, after which the groats enter the bunkers for finished products.

The analogue and the claimed useful model have the following common operations: - grain cleaning from impurities; - peeling; - sorting of peeling products.

However, the known method involves a long duration and complexity of the technological process: the stage of hydrothermal treatment includes moistening and dehumidification for 9-12 hours, the need to dry the grain at a drying agent temperature of 120-150 "С, which requires significant production areas for placing bunkers for dehumidification and additional technological equipment of humidifying machines and dryers, which causes difficulties in the implementation of this process at factories of low productivity.

There is also a known method of processing millet into groats, which includes the separation of grain into coarse and fine fractions, separate peeling on two systems for each fraction, grinding, after the first peeling, the separation of grain fractions on sieves of 1.7-1.5x20 mm for the fine fraction, 1.8-1.7x20 mm for large ones, the output of which is sent to re-peeling, a pass for grinding (see the aut. certificate of the USSR Mo 1659096 IPC VO2B 1/02 1988 |.

The millet grain, pre-cleaned in the grain cleaning department, enters the grain separator, which separates the grain into two fractions, large and small. The grain of the coarse fraction, which is obtained by passing through a 1.8x20 mm sieve, enters the first peeling system in the rolling machine, and then the duo-aspirator, in which the flour, husk and broken kernel are removed. The grain is sent for sorting in a grain separator, where husked and unhusked grain is separated. In the spreader, the grain from the sieves 1.7x20 mm and 1.8x20 mm is mainly unhusked, which is sent to the second dehusking system on a rolling machine, after which the mixture of dehusking products is winnowed in a duo-aspirator.

The fraction obtained by passing through a sieve of 1.7x20 mm is combined with the products after the second peeling and sent to the peeling-grinding system on a rolling machine, after which the mixture of peeling-grinding products is blown in a dehumidifier. Grain of the fine fraction obtained at the fractionation stage is processed according to a similar scheme, with the exception that when separating hulled and unhulled grain after the first hulling system, sieves of 1.7x20 mm, 1.6x20 mm and 1.5x20 mm are installed in the disperser, east of which are directed to the second peeling system for the fine fraction.

After the peeling-grinding system, both fractions are controlled for the content of crushed kernels, coarse and fine impurities, after which the groats are sent to packaging.

The analogue and the claimed useful model have the following common operations: - grain cleaning from impurities; - peeling; 60 - sorting of peeling products.

However, the known method involves a long duration and complexity of the technological process, which includes the separate peeling of grain by fractions on three systems - this requires the use of roller deck machines at this stage, the sorting of peeling products requires the installation of 6 duo-aspirators and a grain spreader, which causes difficulties in the implementation of this process at factories of low productivity.

There is also a well-known method of grinding millet groats, which includes grain cleaning from impurities, sorting into fractions, peeling, sorting of peeling products, grinding of the core, sorting of grinding products and control (see "Rules for the organization and management of the technological process at grain factories". - Kyiv: Ministry of Agro-Industrial Complex, 1998. - pp. 48-52).

Grain cleaned of impurities is sent to sorting, which is carried out with the use of sieve-air separators and grain dispersers A1-BRU at this stage. The existing scheme involves the processing of millet grain in one (without the fractionation stage) or two streams (with fractionation). During processing with the fractionation stage, the grain is divided into large and small fractions. The coarse fraction is obtained through a 3.0 mm sieve passage and a 1.7x20 mm sieve, and a fine fraction - through a 1.7x20 mm sieve and a 1.5x20 mm sieve. The resulting fractions are sent to peeling in two parallel streams. The existing scheme provides for the use of roller decking machines with one or two decks at the peeling stage. When using machines with one deck, husking is carried out by passing the grain through four successive husking systems, if a scheme with grain separation into fractions is used, husking is carried out on three systems: separately on the first and simultaneously on the second and third. When using machines with two decks, sequential peeling using two systems is assumed. Sorting of peeling products is carried out after each peeling system. At this stage, the use of air separators is envisaged, the main purpose of which is to remove from the husk mixture, particles of crushed kernel and flour, the failure to remove which will lead to a decrease in the efficiency of the following stages of the technological process. After the first peeling system, three consecutive passes of air separators are provided, and after the second, third and fourth systems - two passes each. After the last dehusking system and fanning of aerodynamically light components in air separators, millet kernels are obtained, the content of unhusked grains in which does not exceed 195. The scheme provides for grinding, the purpose of which is to remove fruit, seed shells and partially the germ. Grinding is carried out on the same system with the use of rolling deck machines, A1-ZSHN type machines, special screw-press grinding machines U1-BSHP. The mixture of grinding products is separated by passing it twice through air separators, in which the flour, finely ground particles of the core and husk residues are extracted. The whole ground core enters the grain disperser for control. Passage through sieves 2 2.3-2.5 mm or 1.8-1.p9x20 mm is used to remove large impurities, through sieves E 1.6-1.7 mm to remove remains of flour and crushed kernels. Passing through sieves of Е 1.6-1.7 mm, millet is obtained, which is controlled by passing it twice through air separators, after which the groats are sent to packaging. The output of finished products is 60 95.

This method was chosen by the prototype.

The prototype and the claimed useful model have the following common operations: - grain cleaning from impurities; - peeling; - sorting of peeling products.

The disadvantage of the technological process for the production of polished millet groats is the long length of the technological process, which involves the use of four (machines with one deck) or two (machines with two decks) dehusking systems, sorting of dehusking products using up to nine air separator systems, a complex control stage kernels in a grain disperser and an air separator, which requires significant production areas to accommodate the appropriate machines and causes difficulties in implementing this process at small-capacity factories.

The useful model is based on the task of developing a method of processing millet grain into groats, in which by reducing the duration of the dehusking stage (one-time dehusking on a roller deck machine with two decks and using one ladder system of machines with one deck), reducing the number of air separators at the sorting stage, the introduction of grain steaming, grinding and sorting of grinding products, as well as the use of millet of a certain grade, to ensure the simplification of the technological process by reducing the number of operations, their duration and expanding the existing range of millet processing products (510).

The task is solved in the method of processing millet grain into groats, which involves cleaning the grain from impurities, husking, and sorting the husking products, in that, unlike the prototype, grain with a moisture content of no more than 14 95 is husked on a system of roller deck machines in two stages: on in the first one on machines with two trays, in the second - on machines with one tray, they are sorted, while the output from the 1.7x20 mm sieves is crushed and sorted, and the passage through the 1.7x20 mm sieves is steamed at a steam pressure of 0.17-0.20 MPa , for 2-4 min and dry to a humidity of no more than 14 95.

The method is carried out in the following order. Cleaned from impurities, millet grain, for example, of the "Poltava Golden" variety, with a moisture content of no more than 1495, is sent to husking, which is carried out in two stages. At the first stage, the grain is husked on a system of rolling deck machines with two decks. The husking mode is set so as to obtain 95 husked grains after the 88-92 system. The mixture of peeling products is sent to a system of air separators or aspiration columns, where husk and flour are extracted. A mixture of hulled and unhulled grain enters the stair-step hulling system, which uses roller decking machines with one deck. The dehusking mode is set so as to obtain 95-98 9o of dehusked grain after the ladder system.

The mixture of peeling products for the extraction of husk and flour is sent to two systems of air separators or aspiration columns. After that, the kernel enters the grain spreader for sorting, in which a large fraction of the shelled kernel is obtained through a sieve of 1.7x20 mm along with a small amount of unshelled grain, which is sent for further processing into crushed grain. Passing through a sieve of 1.7x20 mm, a small fraction is obtained, which mainly contains shelled millet kernels, it is sent for processing into groats from a whole kernel.

Grinding is carried out in roller machines of the AT-BZN type on corrugated rollers with the following characteristics: the number of grooves per 1 cm of the circle of rollers is 4.5 pcs., the inclination of the grooves to the horizontal is 12 95, the speed of rotation of the rollers is 10 m/s, the mutual location of the grooves is an acute angle on the sharp side, the ratio of the speeds of the rollers is 2.5. When grinding, set an inter-roll gap in the range of 0.6-0.8 mm. The mixture of milling products is sorted in a grain separator, where the milled core is removed by passing through metal woven sieves Mo 063, which is controlled for the remains of flour and husk by passing through one system

From air separators or aspiration columns. After that, the crushed core is checked for the presence of metallomagnetic impurities and sent to packaging or to bunkers for finished products. Flour is obtained by passing through the Mo 063 sieve.

The fine fraction enters the periodic steamer of the PZ type, where it is steamed at a steam pressure of 0.17-0.20 MPa for 2-4 minutes. After that, the core is dried in a dryer to a humidity of no more than 14 95, controlled for the presence of metallomagnetic impurities, and millet husked steamed fine is obtained, which is sent to packaging or to bunkers for finished products.

Example

Received millet groats. For this purpose, millet grain of the "Poltava Golden" variety, with a moisture content of 12.9 96, cleaned of impurities, was husked on a rolling machine with two decks. The share of hulled grain after the system was 90-95. The mixture of hulling products entered the aspiration column, where the husk, flour and small particles of the crushed kernel were extracted.

A mixture of shelled and unshelled kernels was sent to a ladder shelling system, which used a single-deck rolling machine. The share of dehusked grain after the step dehusking system was 97.96. The dehusking product mixture was passed through two systems of aspiration columns and sent to the grain disperser for sorting. Passing through sieves of 1.7x20 mm, a coarse fraction was obtained, which contained the shelled kernel and a small amount of unhulled grain; passing through a sieve of 1.7x20 mm, a small fraction was removed, which contained the shelled kernel. The coarse fraction was sent for grinding in a roller mill. This operation was carried out on corrugated rollers with the following characteristics: the number of grooves per 1 cm of the circle of rollers is 4.5 pcs., the inclination of the grooves to the horizontal is 12 95, the speed of rotation of the rollers is 10 m/s, the relative location of the grooves is an acute angle to the acute angle, the ratio of the speeds of the rollers - 2.5, the inter-roll gap was set at 0.7 mm. Grinding was carried out by passing the coarse fraction through a rolling machine once. The mixture of milling products was sorted in a grain separator, where the milled core was removed by passing through metal woven sieves Mo 063, which was controlled by passing through an aspiration column, where the remains of flour and husk were removed. Flour was obtained by passing through a Mo 063 sieve. The crushed kernel, obtained after the extraction of aerodynamically light impurities, was characterized as crushed grain.

The fine fraction was sent to a batch vaporizer, where vaporization was carried out at a steam pressure of 0.17 MPa for 4 min. The kernel was dried in a dryer to a moisture content of 14 95, and the cereal was obtained from the whole kernel of millet, hulled and steamed fine.

As a result of the processing of "Poltava Golden" millet grain into whole and crushed grains, the total yield of products was 68 95, by-products and waste (including mechanical losses) - 32 95.

Claims (1)

USEFUL MODEL FORMULA The method of processing millet grain into groats, which involves cleaning the grain from impurities, husking, and sorting the husking products, which is characterized by the fact that grain with a moisture content of no more than 14 95 is husked on a system of roller deck machines in two stages: on the first, on machines with two trays, on the second - on machines with one tray, they are sorted, while the output from the 1.7x20 mm sieves is crushed and sorted, and the pass through the 1.7x20 mm sieves is steamed at a steam pressure of 0.17-0.20 MPa, for 2-4 min and dry to a humidity of no more than 14 95.