UA147351U - METHOD OF PROCESSING WHEAT IN CEREALS - Google Patents

Abstract

The method of processing wheat into cereals includes cleaning the grain from impurities, water-heat treatment, grinding and sorting of products. Wheat grain with a moisture content of not more than 15% is soaked in water heated to 55-60 ° C for 160-200 min, moistened for 45-60 min, dried to a moisture content of not more than 15%, fractionated and ground one by one.

Description

The useful model belongs to the cereal industry, in particular, it concerns the methods of processing wheat into cereal products, specifically, whole grains are polished.

There is a well-known method of producing wheat groats, according to which wheat grain with a moisture content of 12.5-1495 is ground on one grinding system, sorted in two stages - in the first stage of which the fines and part of the flour are removed, and in the second stage - the rest of the flour is removed and steamed at a steam pressure of 0.10-0.15 MPa for 2-4 min. In addition, wheat grain of the "Chornobrova" variety is used in the specified method (see patent of Ukraine for utility model Mo 111264, published on November 10, 2016, Bull. Mo 21).

There is also a known method of producing wheat groats, according to which wheat grain with a moisture content of no more than 14 95 is ground once, steamed at a steam pressure of 0.15-0.20 MPa, dried to a moisture content of no more than 14 95 and sorted into two fractions. The coarse fraction is processed on a polishing system, and the fine fraction is crushed and sorted. The coarse fraction is ground once (see patent of Ukraine for utility model Mo 124352, publ. 04/10/2018, Bull. Mo 7).

The method of wheat processing into "Poltavski" and "Artek" cereals with a total output of 63 95 is the closest to the useful model that is claimed, which involves cleaning the grain from impurities, husking, grinding of whole and crushed kernels, sorting of grinding products, polishing of large fractions of the stage grinding, preliminary sorting of grinding products, final sorting and control of grains (see "Rules of organization and management of the technological process at grain factories". - Kyiv: Ministry of Agro-Industrial Complex, 1998. - P. 60-65).

Cleaned from characteristic impurities, the wheat grain is sent to water-heat treatment.

The grain is moistened with water heated to 35-45 "C to a moisture content of 14.5-15.0 96 and directed to short-term dehumidification, which lasts for 0.5-2.0 hours. After that, the grain is sent for husking, which is carried out by passing twice through upholstery machines.

Grinding of dehusked grain is carried out on three grinding systems, using at this stage dehusking and grinding machines of type A1-ZShN, which work on the principle of intensive abrasion of shells. After the third grinding system, grinding products are sorted in the grain disperser AT1-BRU. When sorting from the mixture through a sieve

Mo 063 removes flour, as well as particles of crushed kernels, which correspond to the sizes

From groats of polished wheat Mo 4 and "Artek" (sieve passage E 2.0 mm and sieve exit Mo 063), which are sent for final sorting. The coarse fraction, which is the output of the sieve 2 2.0 mm, is sent for polishing, which is carried out on three polishing systems in peeling-grinding machines of the A71-ZSHN type. After the last polishing system, the polishing products are pre-sorted on two sorting systems. At this stage, flour is removed from the mixture of polishing products, 3.5 mm coarse kernel particles pass through a sieve, which are returned to the polishing stage and receive three fractions of groats, which are sent to the appropriate systems for the final sorting and control of groats. The total yield of cereals is 63 Ob.

The analogue and the claimed useful model have the following common operations: - grain cleaning from impurities; - water-heat treatment; - grinding; - sorting of grinding products.

The disadvantage of the technological process of processing wheat into "Poltavski" and "Artek" cereals is the long duration and complexity of the technological process: husking on two systems of upholstery machines, grain grinding on three systems, three polishing systems, eight sorting systems, which requires significant production areas to accommodate appropriate peeling, grinding and sorting equipment, bunkers for secondary raw materials, which causes difficulties in the implementation of this process at factories of low productivity.

The basis of a useful model is the task of developing a method of processing wheat into cereals, in which by eliminating husking, sorting husking products, including soaking the grain in heated water, fractionation, carrying out one-time grinding, as well as using wheat of a certain grade, to ensure the simplification of the technological process by reducing the number of operations, their duration, the expansion of the range of existing products and the increase of the output of finished products.

The task is solved by the fact that the method of processing wheat into cereals includes cleaning the grain from impurities, water-heat treatment, grinding and sorting of products. Wheat grain with a moisture content of no more than 15 95 is soaked in water heated to 55-60 "С for 160-200 minutes, dehumidified for 45-60 minutes, dried to a moisture content of no more than 15 95, fractionated, and fractionally polished once. The method is carried out in the following order:

Wheat grain cleaned of impurities, for example, of the "Chornobrova" variety, with a moisture content of no more than 1595, is controlled for the content of metallomagnetic impurities and sent to special vats with water heated to 55-60 "C for soaking, which lasts for 160-200 minutes. After that, the grain is dehumidified in special bunkers for 45-60 minutes, removing excess moisture from the grain at this stage. After that, the grain is dried in vertical steam dryers of the VS type to a moisture content of no more than 1595 and sent for fractionation. Through a sieve of 2.4x20 mm, a coarse grain is obtained the fraction of grain passing through this sieve is fine. Further processing of grain is carried out fractionally.

Grinding is carried out on the same system with the use at this stage of peeling and grinding machines, which work according to the principle of intensive abrasion of shells. The circular speed of the disks is set at 18-20 m/s. A decrease in the circular speed of the discs will lead to insufficient removal of the surface layers of the grain during processing on one system, which will, accordingly, necessitate an increase in their number. Increasing the wheel speed will contribute to a more intense removal of the surface layers of the grain, which will lead to an increase in the number of by-products in the form of particles of crushed kernel and flour, while reducing the yield of the whole kernel and finished products. An increase in the output of by-products will cause the need to expand the stage of sorting grinding products due to the installation of additional grain dispersers or sieve-air separators and aspiration columns.

After grinding, the mixture is passed twice through an air separator or an aspiration column, after which, during the processing of the coarse fraction, milled wheat groats Mo 1 are obtained, fine milled wheat groats Me 2. The obtained groats are controlled for the content of metallomagnetic impurities and sent to packaging or to bunkers for finished products .

Example

Received groats from wheat. For this purpose, wheat grain cleaned of impurities with an initial moisture content of 12.9 Fo, weighing 2000 g, was weighed on an automatic scale and soaked in water heated to B0C for 100 minutes. After that, it was moistened in a special bunker with a perforated lower surface for 45 minutes. removing excess moisture from the grain at this stage, after which the grain was dried in a dryer to a moisture content of 15,956 and sent for fractionation in a grain disperser.

From the grain, through the passage of this sieve - fine. Further grain processing is carried out fractionally.

Grinding was carried out on one system using a peeling-grinding machine, which implements the method of intensive shell abrasion. The mixture of grinding products of each fraction was passed through an aspiration column twice, after which Mo 1 ground wheat groats were obtained from the coarse fraction, and Mo 2 ground wheat groats were obtained from the fine fraction.

As a result of processing wheat into groats, the total output of the finished product was 78 95, of secondary raw materials (taking into account mechanical losses) - 22 Ob.

Claims (1)

FORMULA OF USEFUL MODEL 40 The method of processing wheat into cereals, which includes cleaning the grain from impurities, water-heat treatment, grinding and sorting of products, which is characterized by the fact that wheat grain with a moisture content of no more than 15 95 is soaked in water heated to 55-60 C for 160-200 min., moistened for 45-60 min., dried to a moisture content of no more than 15 95, fractionated and fractionally sanded once.