UA124352U - METHOD OF PRODUCTION OF WHEAT GROUPS - Google Patents

Abstract

A method of producing cereals from wheat, which involves the purification of grain from impurities, water heat treatment, grinding and sorting of grinding products. Wheat grains with a moisture content of not more than 14% are ground once, steamed at a steam pressure of 0.15-0.20 MPa, dried to a moisture content of not more than 14% and sorted into two fractions. A large fraction is treated on a polishing system, a small fraction is crushed, sorted, a large fraction is ground once.

Description

The useful model belongs to the cereal industry, in particular to methods of processing wheat into cereal products, specifically whole and crushed kernel cereals.

The closest analogue to the proposed useful model, which is the method of processing wheat into "Poltavski" and "Artek" cereals with a total yield of 63 95, which involves cleaning the grain from impurities, husking, grinding of whole and crushed kernels, sorting of grinding products, polishing of large fractions grinding stage, preliminary sorting of grinding products, final sorting and control of grains (see "Rules of organization and management of the technological process at grain factories". - Kyiv: Ministry of Agro-Industrial Complex, 1998. - p. 60-65).

Cleaned from characteristic impurities, wheat grain is sent to hydrothermal treatment.

The grain is moistened with water heated to 35-45 7C to a humidity of 14.5-15.0 96 and sent to a short-term dehumidification, which lasts for 0.5-2.0 hours. After that, the grain is sent to husking, which is carried out by passing twice through upholstery machines.

Grinding of husked grain is carried out on three grinding systems, using at this stage peeling-grinding machines of type A1-ZShN, which work according to the principle of intensive abrasion of shells. After the third grinding system, grinding products are sorted in the grain disperser A1-BRU. When sorting from the mixture through a sieve

Mo 063 removes flour, as well as particles of crushed kernels, which correspond to the size of ground grains of wheat Mo 4 and "Artek" (sieve passage 0 2.0 mm and sieve exit Mo 063), which are sent to the final sorting. The coarse fraction, which is the output of the sieve 0 2.0 mm, is sent for polishing, which is carried out on three polishing systems in peeling-grinding machines of the A1-ZSHN type. After the last polishing system, the polishing products are pre-sorted on two sorting systems. At this stage, flour is removed from the mixture of polishing products. The 2 3.5-mm screen passes through large core particles, which are returned to the polishing stage and three grain fractions, which are sent to the corresponding final sorting and grain control systems. The total yield of cereals is 63 Ob.

The closest analogue and useful model have the following common operations: - grain cleaning from impurities; - hydrothermal treatment;

Zo - grinding; - sorting of grinding products.

The disadvantage of the technological process of processing wheat into "Poltavski" and "Artek" cereals is the long duration and complexity of the technological process: husking on two systems of upholstery machines, grain grinding on three systems, three polishing systems, eight sorting systems, which requires significant production areas to accommodate appropriate peeling, grinding and sorting equipment, bunkers for secondary raw materials, which causes difficulties in the implementation of this process at factories of low productivity.

The basis of a useful model is the task of developing a method of producing wheat groats, in which, by changing the operations of one-time grinding of grain, including steaming of the polished kernel, drying, sorting, polishing of the entire kernel of the coarse fraction and grinding of the kernel of the fine fraction, as well as the use of wheat of a certain grade, to ensure simplification of the technological process by reducing the number of operations, their duration and increasing the yield of finished products.

The task is solved by the method of production of wheat groats, which involves cleaning the grain from impurities, hydrothermal treatment, grinding and sorting of grinding products by the fact that, unlike the prototype, wheat grain with a moisture content of no more than 14 95 is ground once, steamed at a steam pressure of 0 ,15-0.20 MPa, dried to a moisture content of no more than 14 95, sorted into two fractions, while the large fraction is processed on a polishing system, the small fraction is ground, sorted, and the large fraction is polished once.

The method is carried out in the following order. Wheat grain cleaned of impurities, for example, of the "Kuyalnik" variety, with a moisture content of no more than 14 95, enters operational bunkers. It is controlled for magnetic impurities and goes to grinding, which is carried out on one grinding system.

For grinding, peeler-grinding machines of the ZShN type are used, which work according to the principle of intensive abrasion of shells. The circular speed of the disks is set at the level of 18-20 m/s. A decrease in the circular speed of the discs will lead to insufficient removal of the surface layers of the grain during processing on one system, which will, accordingly, necessitate an increase in their number to two or three. An increase in wheel speed will contribute to a more intensive removal of the surface layers of grain, which will lead to an increase in the number of by-products in the form of small particles of crushed kernel and flour, while reducing the output of finished products. An increase in the yield of by-products will cause the need to expand the stage of sorting grinding products due to the installation of additional grain dispersers or sieve-air separators and aspiration columns.

After grinding, the mixture is sent to grain dispersers of the A1-BRU type or sieve-air separators of the A1-BIS type. The whole kernel is removed through a 1.6x20 mm sieve, a crushed kernel is removed through a 1.4x20 mm sieve and Mo 067 sieve, flour is removed through a Mo 067 sieve. The whole core is additionally controlled for flour residues by passing through a system of air separators or aspiration columns and sent to hydrothermal treatment. The core is steamed in intermittent steamers of the PZ type at a steam pressure of 0.15-0.20

MPa for 3-5 minutes. and dried on vertical steam dryers of the BS type to a moisture content of no more than 14 95. After that, the kernel is sorted into two fractions in a grain separator.

The coarse fraction is obtained by passing through a 2.2x20 mm sieve, and the fine fraction passes through this sieve. The coarse fraction is sent to the polishing stage, which is carried out in peeling-grinding machines of the ZShN type, which work on the principle of intensive abrasion of shells. The circular speed of the disks is set at the level of 16-18 m/s. The mixture of polishing products is controlled by passing it twice through air separators or aspiration columns, where flour and small particles of the crushed core are extracted. After that, they receive ground wheat groats of the highest grade, which are controlled on a magnetic separator and directed to cancellation or to bunkers for finished products. The fine fraction is directed to one grinding system, which is carried out in roller machines A1-BZN on corrugated rolls with the following characteristics: the number of corrugations per 1 cm of the circle of the rollers b pcs., the slope of the corrugations to the horizontal is 6 95, the speed of rotation of the rollers is 6 m/s. Reducing the number of corrugations per 1 cm of the circle of the rollers will lead to insufficient crushing of the core and obtaining large core particles, which will need to be additionally crushed on 2 crushing systems, which will cause the need to install additional rolling machines and, accordingly, screening machines for sorting the grinding products, increasing the number of corrugations will lead to on the contrary to excessive grinding of the kernel, which will increase the number of small particles of the crushed kernel and flour, which do not belong to the grain during sorting.

Grinding products are sorted in A1-VRU grain spreaders. A 2.0 mm sieve will pass through a large fraction, which will be sent to the grinding of the crushed core,

After passing through this sieve, the fine fraction is removed. It is controlled on two systems of air separators or aspiration columns, after which wheat groats crushed by Mo 2 are obtained.

Grinding of the crushed core of a large fraction is carried out on one system using peeler-grinding machines of the ZShN type, which work on the principle of intensive abrasion of shells. The circular speed of the disks is set at the level of 14-16 m/s. The mixture of grinding products is passed to extract flour through two systems of air separators or aspiration columns, after which wheat groats crushed Me 1 are obtained, which are controlled on magnetic separators and sent to packaging or to bunkers for finished products.

Example.

Received cereals from wheat. For this purpose, wheat grain of the "Kuyalnik" variety, with an initial moisture content of 13.5 95 and a weight of 2000 g, cleaned of impurities, was weighed on automatic scales and guided and polished, which was carried out on one grinding system. For grinding, a peeling-grinding machine was used, which works on the principle of intensive abrasion of shells. The circular speed of the disks was set at 20 m/s. After grinding, the mixture was fed into a grain disperser, in which a whole kernel was obtained through a 1.6x20 mm sieve, a crushed kernel was removed through a Mo 067 sieve, and flour through a Mo 067 sieve. The whole kernel was passed through the aspiration column once and was checked for flour residues and sent for steaming in a batch steamer, which was carried out at a steam pressure of 0.15 MPa for three minutes. The core was dried to a moisture content of 14 95 and sorted in a grain separator. Passing through a sieve of 2.2 x 20 mm, a large fraction was obtained, which was sent for polishing in a peeling-grinding machine, which works according to the principle of intensive abrasion of shells. The circular speed of the disks was set at 16 m/s. To extract flour and small particles of crushed kernel from the mixture, it was passed through two systems of aspiration columns.

The resulting kernel was characterized as high-grade polished wheat groats.

The fine fraction was sent for grinding in a roller mill. This operation was carried out on corrugated rollers with the following characteristics: the number of grooves per 1 cm of the roller circle is 6, the slope of the grooves to the horizontal is 6 95, the speed of rotation of the rollers is 6 m/s. Grinding products were sorted in a grain separator. A coarse fraction was obtained by passing through a 2.0 mm sieve, which was sent to grinding, and a fine fraction was removed by passing through this sieve, because after control on two systems of aspiration columns, it was wheat groats crushed by Mo 2. One system was used for grinding the crushed core of the coarse fraction. which was carried out in a peeling-grinding machine that works on the principle of intensive shell abrasion. The circular speed of the disks was set at 14 m/s. The mixture of grinding products was passed through two systems of aspiration columns to extract flour, after which Mo 1 crushed wheat groats were obtained.

As a result of the processing of wheat of the "Kuyalnik" variety into groats, the total output of the finished product was 71 95, by-products and waste (taking into account mechanical losses) - 29 Ob.

Claims (1)

USEFUL MODEL FORMULA The method of production of wheat groats, which involves cleaning the grain from impurities, hydrothermal treatment, grinding and sorting of grinding products, which is characterized by the fact that wheat grain with a moisture content of no more than 14 95 is ground once, steamed at a steam pressure of 0.15- 0.20 MPa, dried to a moisture content of no more than 14 95, sorted into two fractions, while the coarse fraction is processed on a polishing system, the fine fraction is ground, sorted, the coarse fraction is polished once.