UA117897U - METHOD OF PRODUCTION OF BARLEY GROUPS - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for the production of barley cereals involves the removal of impurities from grain, water treatment, peeling, sorting of peeling products, grinding and sorting of grinding products. The purified barley grain with a moisture content of not more than 14% is steamed at a steam pressure of 0.10-0.15 MPa for 4-6 minutes, dried to a moisture content of 11-12%, peeled on one system, grinded twice to obtain cereals, steamed at a steam pressure of 0.15-0.20 MPa for 2-4 minutes, dried to a humidity of not more than 14% and sorted.

Description

The useful model belongs to the grain industry, in particular to methods of processing barley into grain products, specifically groats.

There is a well-known method of processing filmy varieties of barley into pearl barley with a total yield of 4595 finished products, which includes cleaning the grain from impurities, husking, grinding, polishing the kernel, sorting and controlling the grains (see "Rules for the organization and management of the technological process at grain factories" . - Kyiv: Ministry of Agro-Industrial Complex. - 1998. - pp. 53-55).

Barley grain cleaned of characteristic impurities is sent to peeling, which is carried out by sequentially passing through four peeling systems. Existing technology allows the stage of hydrothermal treatment of barley grain before husking. When it is carried out, the grain is steamed at an excess steam pressure of 0.20 MPa for 3 min., dried to a humidity of no more than 15 95 and directed to husking. At the first stage, barley is husked on two systems of upholstering machines, on the second stage - on two systems of peeling and grinding machines of the AT-ZShN type. After that, the husked barley (pensak) is sent to three grinding and three polishing systems. Grinding and polishing are carried out with intermediate sifting of grinding products, after the second grinding and polishing systems, and intermediate sifting, after the third grinding system. A1-ZSHN type machines are used for grinding and polishing.

Sorting of products after the third grinding system is carried out in a grain separator. The exit of sieves E 2.5 mm is sent to the first polishing system, passage of sieve b 2.5 mm and exit of sieve Mo 063 enters the stage of sorting pearl grains. The mixture of products obtained after polishing is sent to the stage of pearl grain sorting, which includes four systems.

On the first sorting system, the exit from the sieve 2 of 4.0 mm is used to extract particles larger in size compared to the grains, which are returned to polishing, the passage of the sieve is 4.0 mm and the exit of the sieve is 3.0 mm is sent to the second sorting unit for final sorting system, the passage of sieve 2 3.0 mm and the exit of sieve Mo 056, is a mixture of pearl groats Mo 2, 3, 4, 5 with flour and enters the third sorting system. Flour is removed by passing through a Mo 056 sieve. On the second sorting system, particles smaller in size are removed through the passage of the Е 3.0 mm sieve and sent for additional sorting to the third sorting system, and the exit of the Е 3.0 sieve

Zo mm, which is a pearl grain of Mo 1, is submitted to control. On the third sorting system, pearl grain Me 2 is extracted on sieves C 2.5 mm. Passage of sieve 9 2.5 mm and sieve Me056 obtained on the third sorting system is a mixture of pearl grain Mo C, Mo 4, Mo 5 and flour residues , which for final sorting goes to the fourth sorting system, where sieves 2 2.0, 1.5 mm and sieve Mo 056 respectively receive Mo 3, 4 and 5. separators and, after checking for metallomagnetic impurities, they are sent to packaging.

The analogue and the claimed useful model have the following common operations: - grain cleaning from impurities; - hydrothermal treatment; - peeling; - sorting of peeling products; - grinding; - sorting of grinding products.

But the known method involves a long duration and complexity of the technological process: 4 peeling systems, Z grinding systems, Z polishing systems, 5 sorting systems and 7 core control systems at different stages in air separators require significant production areas to accommodate the corresponding peeling, grinding and sorting equipment , bunkers for secondary raw materials, which causes difficulties in the implementation of this process at plants of small capacity, while the yield of groats does not exceed 50 9.

There is also a known method of pearl grain production, which includes grain cleaning from impurities, hydrothermal treatment, double peeling, winnowing, three-fold grinding, sieving, double polishing and sorting (see copyright certificate of the USSR Mo 733233

IPC vo2 81/00, 1980).

Barley grain cleaned of impurities enters the stage of hydrothermal treatment. The grain is moistened with water at a temperature of 18-20 "С at 1.2 95 and dehumidified for 9 minutes. After dehumidification, the moisture content of the grain before processing increases to 13.4 95. The grain prepared in this way is sent to husking, which is carried out on two systems of upholstery machines.

The mixture of peeling products is winnowed in air separators to extract the husk. The extracted core is ground on three systems of peeling and grinding machines of the A1-ZShN type. The mixture of products, which are formed after the third grinding system and the first and second polishing systems, are sifted in grain spreaders on the appropriate sieves. At the same time, after the third grinding system in the disperser, the core is selected through sieve 2 2.5 mm, which is sent to the first polishing system, the mixture is selected through sieve 2 2.5 mm and sieve Mo 1, which is pearl grains Mo 3, 4 and 5, which enter the first pearl grain sorting system, feed flour is removed through the Mo 1 sieve passage. After the first polishing system, the products are sorted on sieves Ye 3.0 mm and Mo 27. The output from the Ye 3.0 mm sieve is directed to the second polishing system, the passage of this sieve and the output of the Mo 27 sieve is a mixture of pearl grains that enters the second system grain sorting, barley flour is removed through a Mo 27 sieve, which is sent to the bunker. After the second polishing system, the products are sorted on sieves E 3.5 mm and Mo 27. The output from the sieve Mo 27 enters the third pearl grain sorting system, the passage is barley flour, which is sent to the bunker. Pearl groats of different numbers (bait during sorting are sent separately for control, which is carried out by blowing the groats on one system of air separators, and after checking for metallomagnetic impurities, they are sent to bunkers for finished products.

This method was chosen by the prototype.

The prototype and the claimed useful model have the following common operations: - grain cleaning from impurities; - hydrothermal treatment; - peeling; - sorting of peeling products; - grinding; - sorting of grinding products,

The disadvantage of the technological process of production of pearl groats according to the prototype is the long duration and complexity of the technological process: peeling on two systems of upholstery machines and three systems of peeling and grinding machines of the Ai ZSHN type, the use of two polishing systems, which requires significant production areas to accommodate the appropriate peeling, polishing and sorting equipment, bunkers for secondary raw materials, which causes difficulties in implementing this process at plants of small capacity.

The basis of a useful model is the task of developing a method of production of barley groats, in which by changing the order of operations and modes (steaming of grain instead of moistening, husking of grain on one system, grinding on two systems, exclusion of polishing and sorting of polishing products), introduction special operations (kernel steaming and drying), as well as the use of barley of a certain variety, to ensure the simplification of the technological process by reducing the number of operations and increasing the yield of finished products.

The task is solved in the method of production of barley groats, which includes grain cleaning from impurities, hydrothermal treatment, peeling, sorting of peeling products, grinding and sorting of grinding products, by the fact that, according to a useful model, cleaned barley grain with a moisture content of no more than 14 95 is steamed at a steam pressure of 0.10-0.15 MPa for 4-6 min., dried to a humidity of 11-12 95, peeled on one system, polished twice to obtain grain, steamed at a steam pressure of 0.15-0.20 MPa for 2-4 min., dry to a humidity of no more than 14 95 and sort.

The method is carried out in the following order. Cleaned from impurities, grain of filmy barley, for example, "Prairie" variety, with a moisture content of no more than 1495, enters the stage of hydrothermal treatment in one stream. The grain is steamed in a P3-1 intermittent steamer at a steam pressure of 0.10-0.15 MPa for 4-6 minutes, after which it is dried on vertical steam dryers of the VS type to a humidity of 11-12 95 and sent to husking. This stage is carried out in peeling and grinding machines, which work according to the principle of intensive abrasion of shells of the type

ZShN When peeling, the circular speed of the discs is set at the level of 18-20 m/s. A decrease in the circular speed of the grinding discs will lead to insufficient removal of the surface layers of grain when processing grain on one peeling system, which will, accordingly, necessitate an increase in the number of systems to two or three. An increase in the circular speed of the grinding wheels will contribute to a more intense removal of the surface layers of the grain, which will lead to an increase in the number of by-products in the form of particles of crushed kernel and flour, while reducing the yield of the whole kernel and finished products. In addition to increasing the yield of by-products, this will lead to the need to expand the sorting stage of peeling products due to the installation of additional machines - sieve air separators and aspiration columns.

The mixture of peeling products enters two systems of aspiration columns or air separators. The task of this stage is to extract from the mixture of aerodynamically light components - flour and husk, after extracting which the core enters the grinding systems.

Grinding is carried out using peeler-grinding machines that work on the principle of intensive abrasion of shells of the ZShN type. When grinding, the circular speed of the disks is set at the level of 16-18 m/s. A decrease in the circular speed of the grinding discs will lead to insufficient removal of the surface layers of the grain when peeling the grain on two peeling systems, which will, accordingly, necessitate an increase in the number of systems to three or four. An increase in the circular speed of the grinding wheels will contribute to a more intense removal of the surface layers of the grain, which will lead to an increase in the number of by-products in the form of particles of crushed kernel and flour, while reducing the yield of the whole kernel and finished products. In addition to increasing the yield of by-products, this will lead to the need to expand the sorting stage of peeling products due to the installation of additional machines - sieve air separators and aspiration columns.

The mixture of products after the first grinding system to remove the flour and husks enters one system of aspiration columns or air separators. After the second grinding system, the mixture is sorted in two stages: in the first stage, it is sorted in a grain separator, in which the chaff, flour and particles of the crushed kernel are removed by passing through sieves of 1.4x20 mm, the output from the sieves of 1.4x20 mm is sent to control, which carried out by passing the core through two systems of aspiration columns or air separators. After that, the core goes to the second stage of hydrothermal treatment, which consists in steaming in a periodic steamer the mud of PZ at a pressure of 0.15-0.20 MPa for 2-4 minutes, after which it is dried on vertical steam dryers of the VS type to a humidity of no more than 14 95 and sent to grain sorting. This technological operation is carried out in a grain spreader. Barley groat Mo 1 is obtained by passing a sieve 2.2x20 mm, Mo 2 - by passing a sieve 2.2x20 mm and passing 2.0x20 mm, groat Mo Z - passing a sieve 2.0x20 mm and passing 1.4x20 mm. Pass through a 1.4x20 mm sieve to remove flour residues and crushed kernel particles. After magnetic control, the resulting cereal is sent for cancellation.

Example.

Zo Received barley groats. For this purpose, the purified grain of "Prairie" barley with an initial moisture content of 13.8 96 and a weight of 2000 g was weighed on an automatic scale and sent to the stage of hydrothermal treatment. The grain was steamed in a periodic steamer at a steam pressure of 0.15 MPa for 4 min., after which the grain was dried in a dryer to a humidity of 12 95 and sent to husking, which was carried out in a husking-grinding machine, which works on the principle of intensive abrasion of the husks. The circular speed of the discs was set at 20 m/s. The mixture of dehulling products for the extraction of flour and husk was passed through two systems of aspiration columns and directed to grinding. Grinding was carried out on two systems in peeling-grinding machines, which work according to the principle of intensive abrasion of shells. The circular speed of the discs was set at 16 m/s.

The mixture of products after the first grinding system for extraction from flour and husk was passed through one system of aspiration columns, after the second - it was sorted in a grain disperser, in which, through the passage of 1.4 x 20 mm sieves, husk, flour and particles of the crushed kernel were removed, rising from the sieves 1.4x20 mm was passed through two systems of aspiration columns and sent to the second stage of hydrothermal treatment. The core was steamed in a batch steamer at a steam pressure of 0.20 MPa for 4 min., after which it was dried in dryers to a humidity of 14,965 and sent to a grain spreader for sorting. Barley groat Mo 1 was obtained through a 2.2x20 mm sieve, Mo 2 through a 2.2x20 mm sieve and a 2.0x20 mm sieve, groats

Mo With whitefish passage 2.0x20 mm and rise 1.4x20 mm. Passing through a 1.4 x 20 mm sieve, flour residues and crushed kernel particles were removed.

As a result of the processing of "Prairie" barley, the total yield of grains was 65 95, by-products and waste (taking into account mechanical losses) - 35 90.

Claims (2)

USEFUL MODEL FORMULA 1. The method of production of barley groats, which includes grain cleaning from impurities, hydrothermal treatment, peeling, sorting of peeling products, grinding and sorting of grinding products, which is characterized by the fact that cleaned barley grain with a moisture content of no more than 14 95 is steamed at a steam pressure of 0, 10-0.15 MPa for 4-6 min., dried to a humidity of 11-12 95, peeled on the same system, polished twice to obtain grain, steamed at a steam pressure of 0.15-0.20 MPa for 2-4 min. , dried to a moisture content of no more than 14 95 and sorted. 2. The method according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that barley grain of the "Prairie" variety is used.