TWI822776B - 用於製備2-[[5-(3-氯苯基)-3-羥基吡啶-2-羰基]胺基]乙酸之方法 - Google Patents
用於製備2-[[5-(3-氯苯基)-3-羥基吡啶-2-羰基]胺基]乙酸之方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI822776B TWI822776B TW108115898A TW108115898A TWI822776B TW I822776 B TWI822776 B TW I822776B TW 108115898 A TW108115898 A TW 108115898A TW 108115898 A TW108115898 A TW 108115898A TW I822776 B TWI822776 B TW I822776B
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- Prior art keywords
- compound
- formula
- hydroxide
- acid
- alkyl
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- JGRXMPYUTJLTKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[5-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxypyridine-2-carbonyl]amino]acetic acid Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(C(=O)NCC(=O)O)=NC=C1C1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 JGRXMPYUTJLTKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 158
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 69
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 62
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 53
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 45
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 45
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 39
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 31
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) Chemical compound CCN(C(C)C)C(C)C JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- UAOMVDZJSHZZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisopropylamine Chemical compound CC(C)NC(C)C UAOMVDZJSHZZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 claims description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 12
- FPGGTKZVZWFYPV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC FPGGTKZVZWFYPV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- 229940043279 diisopropylamine Drugs 0.000 claims description 10
- HUCVOHYBFXVBRW-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium hydroxide Inorganic materials [OH-].[Cs+] HUCVOHYBFXVBRW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- SUAKHGWARZSWIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N‐diethylformamide Chemical compound CCN(CC)C=O SUAKHGWARZSWIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- VSTXCZGEEVFJES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-cycloundecyl-1,5-diazacycloundec-5-ene Chemical compound C1CCCCCC(CCCC1)N1CCCCCC=NCCC1 VSTXCZGEEVFJES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000288 alkali metal carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000008041 alkali metal carbonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L caesium carbonate Chemical compound [Cs+].[Cs+].[O-]C([O-])=O FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000024 caesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- SGUVLZREKBPKCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]-non-5-ene Chemical compound C1CCN=C2CCCN21 SGUVLZREKBPKCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UWKQJZCTQGMHKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-di-tert-butylpyridine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC(C(C)(C)C)=N1 UWKQJZCTQGMHKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MFGOFGRYDNHJTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-1-(2-fluorophenyl)ethanol Chemical compound NCC(O)C1=CC=CC=C1F MFGOFGRYDNHJTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- RKBCYCFRFCNLTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N triisopropylamine Chemical compound CC(C)N(C(C)C)C(C)C RKBCYCFRFCNLTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- VQMPTVQCADWACQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylpentan-3-amine Chemical compound CCC(C)(N)CC VQMPTVQCADWACQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229950004420 vadadustat Drugs 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- -1 1-propyl (n-propyl) Chemical group 0.000 description 60
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 33
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 23
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 description 23
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 21
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 10
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 10
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 10
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 10
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 6
- 229940125898 compound 5 Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 6
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 6
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 5
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 5
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N monobenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KMZAXKDGIXGPOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxypyridine-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(C(=O)O)=NC=C1C1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 KMZAXKDGIXGPOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium methoxide Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052789 astatine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 4
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CCIVGXIOQKPBKL-UHFFFAOYSA-M ethanesulfonate Chemical compound CCS([O-])(=O)=O CCIVGXIOQKPBKL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- CPRMKOQKXYSDML-UHFFFAOYSA-M rubidium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Rb+] CPRMKOQKXYSDML-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PBKONEOXTCPAFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1 PBKONEOXTCPAFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1Cl RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-IVMDWMLBSA-N 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose Chemical compound N[C@H]1C(O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-IVMDWMLBSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LQXLPTXROAPSNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-methoxypyridine-2-carbonitrile Chemical compound N1=C(C#N)C(OC)=CC(C=2C=C(Cl)C=CC=2)=C1 LQXLPTXROAPSNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JJLJMEJHUUYSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L Copper hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Cu+2] JJLJMEJHUUYSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N Deuterium Chemical compound [2H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1 RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-D-galactosamine Natural products NC1C(O)OC(CO)C(O)C1O MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229960002442 glucosamine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- COQRGFWWJBEXRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron;methyl 2-aminoacetate;chloride Chemical compound Cl.COC(=O)CN COQRGFWWJBEXRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PQNFLJBBNBOBRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indane Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CCCC2=C1 PQNFLJBBNBOBRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- QPJVMBTYPHYUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl benzoate Chemical class COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 QPJVMBTYPHYUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 description 3
- CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetralin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CCCCC2=C1 CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CRUILBNAQILVHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(OC)=C1OC CRUILBNAQILVHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- SNHMUERNLJLMHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodobenzene Chemical compound IC1=CC=CC=C1 SNHMUERNLJLMHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229910021506 iron(II) hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NCNCGGDMXMBVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Fe+2] NCNCGGDMXMBVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000000155 isotopic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940001447 lactate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YXEUGTSPQFTXTR-UHFFFAOYSA-K lanthanum(3+);trihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[La+3] YXEUGTSPQFTXTR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910021514 lead(II) hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VNZYIVBHUDKWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-L lead(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Pb+2] VNZYIVBHUDKWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IVSZLXZYQVIEFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N m-xylene Chemical group CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1 IVSZLXZYQVIEFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940049920 malate Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- IWYDHOAUDWTVEP-UHFFFAOYSA-M mandelate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 IWYDHOAUDWTVEP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- USGMTXBBTJRWQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Hg] USGMTXBBTJRWQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxybenzene Substances CCCCOC=C UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IZYBEMGNIUSSAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl benzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound COOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 IZYBEMGNIUSSAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910021508 nickel(II) hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- UMTMDKJVZSXFNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Ni] UMTMDKJVZSXFNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005498 phthalate group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L phthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HRGDZIGMBDGFTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum(2+) Chemical compound [Pt+2] HRGDZIGMBDGFTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NDBYXKQCPYUOMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum(4+) Chemical compound [Pt+4] NDBYXKQCPYUOMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001467 poly(styrenesulfonates) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000172 poly(styrenesulfonic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940005642 polystyrene sulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- OXCMYAYHXIHQOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;[2-butyl-5-chloro-3-[[4-[2-(1,2,4-triaza-3-azanidacyclopenta-1,4-dien-5-yl)phenyl]phenyl]methyl]imidazol-4-yl]methanol Chemical compound [K+].CCCCC1=NC(Cl)=C(CO)N1CC1=CC=C(C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C2=N[N-]N=N2)C=C1 OXCMYAYHXIHQOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MFDFERRIHVXMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N procaine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 MFDFERRIHVXMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- KCXFHTAICRTXLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCS(O)(=O)=O KCXFHTAICRTXLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RQPOMTUDFBZCHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Ru] RQPOMTUDFBZCHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M salicylate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LQPWUWOODZHKKW-UHFFFAOYSA-K scandium(3+);trihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Sc+3] LQPWUWOODZHKKW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229940116351 sebacate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-L sebacate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PNGLEYLFMHGIQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;3-(n-ethyl-3-methoxyanilino)-2-hydroxypropane-1-sulfonate;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)CC(O)CN(CC)C1=CC=CC(OC)=C1 PNGLEYLFMHGIQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UUCCCPNEFXQJEL-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Sr+2] UUCCCPNEFXQJEL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001866 strontium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical class [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZIRLXLUNCURZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-I tantalum(5+);pentahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Ta+5] ZIRLXLUNCURZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003419 tautomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate Chemical compound C1N(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CCCC11CNCC1 ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005931 tert-butyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(OC(*)=O)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- WROMPOXWARCANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tfa trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F.OC(=O)C(F)(F)F WROMPOXWARCANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021517 thallium(III) hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QGYXCSSUHCHXHB-UHFFFAOYSA-M thallium(i) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Tl+] QGYXCSSUHCHXHB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GEPJDKDOADVEKE-UHFFFAOYSA-K thallium(iii) hydroxide Chemical compound O[Tl](O)O GEPJDKDOADVEKE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229960004559 theobromine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SFKTYEXKZXBQRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-J thorium(4+);tetrahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Th+4] SFKTYEXKZXBQRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- FBGKGORFGWHADY-UHFFFAOYSA-L tin(2+);dihydroxide Chemical compound O[Sn]O FBGKGORFGWHADY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- CVNKFOIOZXAFBO-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(4+);tetrahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Sn+4] CVNKFOIOZXAFBO-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 229910021509 tin(II) hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MDENFZQQDNYWMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Ti] MDENFZQQDNYWMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MJOXZELXZLIYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(2+) Chemical compound [Ti+2] MJOXZELXZLIYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZGYRTJADPPDDMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium;tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[Ti] ZGYRTJADPPDDMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004319 trichloroacetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000004044 trifluoroacetyl group Chemical group FC(C(=O)*)(F)F 0.000 description 1
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- YFTHZRPMJXBUME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropylamine Chemical compound CCCN(CCC)CCC YFTHZRPMJXBUME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940116269 uric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940005605 valeric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UVEFAEMXFFXFKB-UHFFFAOYSA-L vanadium(2+);dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[V+2] UVEFAEMXFFXFKB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UYDMXQQVXGMPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[V] UYDMXQQVXGMPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940071104 xylenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SJHMKWQYVBZNLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K ytterbium(3+);trihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Yb+3] SJHMKWQYVBZNLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- GFDKELMFCRQUSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Y] GFDKELMFCRQUSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UGZADUVQMDAIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Zn+2] UGZADUVQMDAIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910021511 zinc hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940007718 zinc hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/78—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
- C07D213/81—Amides; Imides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Pyridine Compounds (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
Abstract
本文揭示製備伐達度司他及其醫藥學上可接受之鹽的方法及製程,以及可用於合成伐達度司他之中間物及其鹽。
Description
本發明大體上係關於合成方法及化學組成物,且更特定言之,關於可用於製備及製造伐達度司他(vadadustat,2-[[5-(3-氯苯基)-3-羥基吡啶-2-羰基]胺基]乙酸)之方法及其中間物。
伐達度司他為可滴定的口服低氧誘導因子脯胺醯基羥化酶抑制劑,其誘導內源性紅血球生成素合成且增強鐵動員。雖然已描述伐達度司他之合成方法,但仍需要製造實質上不含雜質之高純度伐達度司他或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽的改良方法。
相關申請案的交互參照
本申請案主張2018年5月9日提交之美國專利申請案第62/669,135號的權益,其以全文引用之方式併入。
本發明部分基於以下出人意料的發現使用本文所述之方法及組成物可製造實質上不含雜質之高純度伐達度司他或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。
本文揭示製備伐達度司他及其醫藥學上可接受之鹽的方法及製 程,以及可用於合成伐達度司他之中間物及其鹽。
在一個態樣中,本文揭示用於製備式(8)化合物,
或其鹽之方法,其包含:使式(I)化合物或其鹽與水解劑接觸,
其中:R1為C1-4烷基、CH2Cl、苯基或苯甲基,其中苯基及苯甲基中之每一者可獨立地經一個、兩個或三個選自甲基、甲氧基、硝基及鹵素之取代基取代;且R2為C1-4烷基。
在另一個態樣中,本文揭示式(I)化合物:
或其鹽,其中:R1為C1-4烷基、CH2Cl、苯基或苯甲基,其中苯基及苯甲基中之每一者可獨立地經一個、兩個或三個選自甲基、甲氧基、硝基及鹵素之取代基取代;且R2為C1-4烷基。
藉由參考以下對所揭示之標的物的特定態樣及其中包括之實施 例的詳細描述,可更容易地理解本文所述之材料、化合物、組成物、製品及方法。
在揭示及描述本發明材料、化合物、組成物、製品、裝置及方法之前,應理解下文所述之態樣不限於特定合成方法或特定試劑,因此當然可變化。亦應理解,本文所用之術語僅用於描述特定態樣之目的且不意欲為限制性的。
另外,在本說明書通篇,引用各種出版物。此等出版物之全部揭示內容特此以引用之方式併入本申請案中,以便更全面地描述所揭示內容所涉及之現有技術。所揭示之參考文獻亦單獨且具體地以引用之方式併入本文中,其中所含之材料在參考文獻所依據之句子中論述。
除非另外規定,否則所有溫度均以攝氏度(℃)為單位。
除非另外提及,否則所有純度及相關數值(%)均藉由HPLC所量測。
如本文及隨附申請專利範圍中所用,單數形式「一」及「該」包括複數個指示物,除非上下文另外明確指示。因此,例如,提及「化合物」包括複數個此類藥劑,而提及「鹽」包括提及一或多種鹽(或複數種鹽)和其熟悉本技藝者已知的等效物,以及其他等等。當本文使用範圍用於諸如分子量之物理特性或諸如化學式之化學特性時,意欲包括範圍之所有組合及子組合以及其中的特定具體例。當提及數字或數值範圍時,術語「約」意謂所提及之數字或數值範圍為實驗可變性內(或統計實驗誤差內)之近似值,因此數字或數值範圍可 在所述數字或數值範圍之1%與15%之間變化。
如本說明書及隨附申請專利範圍中所用,除非相反地說明,否則以下術語具有如下所指示之含義。
經分離:如本文所用,術語「經分離」係指物質及/或實體已(1)與最初產生時與其相關的至少一些組分分離(無論在自然界中及/或在實驗設置中),及/或(2)藉由人工產生、製備及/或製造。經分離之物質及/或實體可與約10%、約20%、約30%、約40%、約50%、約60%、約70%、約80%、約90%、約91%、約92%、約93%、約94%、約95%、約96%、約97%、約98%、約99%或大於約99%之最初與其相關之其他組分分離。在一些具體例中,經分離之藥劑為約80%、約85%、約90%、約91%、約92%、約93%、約94%、約95%、約96%、約97%、約98%、約99%或大於約99%純。如本文所用,若物質實質上不含其他組分,則其為「純」的物質。如本文所用,經分離之物質及/或實體的純度百分比計算不應包括賦形劑(例如,緩衝液、溶劑、水等)。
本文所揭示之化合物可含有一或多個不對稱中心,且可因此產生對映異構體、非對映異構體及其他立體異構形式,就絕對立體化學而言,可定義為(R)-或(S)-。除非另有說明,否則本揭示案意欲涵蓋本文所揭示之化合物的所有立體異構形式。當本文所述之化合物含有烯烴雙鍵時,除非另外規定,否則本揭示案意欲包括E及Z幾何異構體(例如順式或反式)。同樣,亦意欲包括所有可能的異構體,以及其外消旋及光學純形式,及所有互變異構形式。術語「幾何異構體」係指烯烴雙鍵之E或Z幾何異構體(例如順式或反式)。術語「位置異構體」係指中心環周圍的結構異構體,諸如苯環周圍的鄰位-、間位-及對位-異構體。
「胺基」係指-NH2基團。
「烷基」係指僅由碳原子及氫原子組成,不含不飽和度,具有一至十五個碳原子(例如C1-15烷基)的直鏈或分支鏈烴鏈基團。在某些具體例中,烷基包含一至十三個碳原子(例如C1-13烷基)。在某些具體例中,烷基包含一至十個碳原子(例如C1-10烷基)。在某些具體例中,烷基包含一至八個碳原子(例如C1-8烷基)。在其他具體例中,烷基包含一至五個碳原子(例如C1-5烷基)。在其他具體例中,烷基包含一至四個碳原子(例如C1-4烷基)。在其他具體例中,烷基包含一至三個碳原子(例如C1-3烷基)。在其他具體例中,烷基包含一至兩個碳原子(例如C1-2烷基)。在其他具體例中,烷基包含一個碳原子(例如C1烷基)。在其他具體例中,烷基包含五至十五個碳原子(例如C5-15烷基)。在其他具體例中,烷基包含五至十個碳原子(例如C5-10烷基)。在其他具體例中,烷基包含五至八個碳原子(例如C5-8烷基)。在其他具體例中,烷基包含兩至五個碳原子(例如C2-5烷基)。在其他具體例中,烷基包含三至五個碳原子(例如C3-5烷基)。在其他具體例中,烷基係選自甲基、乙基、1-丙基(正丙基)、1-甲基乙基(異丙基)、1-丁基(正丁基)、1-甲基丙基(第二丁基)、2-甲基丙基(異丁基)、1,1-二甲基乙基(第三丁基)、1-戊基(正戊基)。烷基藉由單鍵與分子之其餘部分連接。
「芳基」係指藉由自環碳原子移除氫原子而衍生自芳族單環或多環烴環系統的基團。芳族單環或多環烴環系統僅含有氫及五至十八個碳原子之碳,其中環系統中之至少一個環為完全不飽和的,亦即,其含有符合休克爾理論(Hückel theory)之環狀、非定域(4n+2)π-電子系統。衍生芳基之環系統包括但不限於諸如苯、茀、茚滿、茚、萘滿及萘之基團。除非本說明書中另外具體說明,否則術語「芳基」或前綴「芳」(諸如在「芳烷基」中)意欲包括視情況經 一或多個獨立地選自以下之取代基取代的芳基:烷基、烯基、炔基、鹵基、氟烷基、氰基、硝基、視情況經取代之芳基、視情況經取代之芳烷基、視情況經取代之芳烯基、視情況經取代之芳炔基、視情況經取代之碳環基、視情況經取代之碳環基烷基、視情況經取代之雜環基、視情況經取代之雜環基烷基、視情況經取代之雜芳基、視情況經取代之雜芳基烷基、-Rb-ORa、-Rb-OC(O)-Ra、-Rb-OC(O)-ORa、-Rb-OC(O)-N(Ra)2、-Rb-N(Ra)2、-Rb-C(O)Ra、-Rb-C(O)ORa、-Rb-C(O)N(Ra)2、-Rb-O-Rc-C(O)N(Ra)2、-Rb-N(Ra)C(O)ORa、-Rb-N(Ra)C(O)Ra、-Rb-N(Ra)S(O)tRa(其中t為1或2)、-Rb-S(O)tRa(其中t為1或2)、-Rb-S(O)tORa(其中t為1或2)及-Rb-S(O)tN(Ra)2(其中t為1或2),其中各Ra獨立地為氫、烷基(視情況經鹵素、羥基、甲氧基或三氟甲基取代)、氟烷基、環烷基(視情況經鹵素、羥基、甲氧基或三氟甲基取代)、環烷基烷基(視情況經鹵素、羥基、甲氧基或三氟甲基取代)、芳基(視情況經鹵素、羥基、甲氧基或三氟甲基取代)、芳烷基(視情況經鹵素、羥基、甲氧基或三氟甲基取代)、雜環基(視情況經鹵素、羥基、甲氧基或三氟甲基取代)、雜環基烷基(視情況經鹵素、羥基、甲氧基或三氟甲基取代)、雜芳基(視情況經鹵素、羥基、甲氧基或三氟甲基取代)或雜芳基烷基(視情況經鹵素、羥基、甲氧基或三氟甲基取代),各Rb獨立地為直接鍵或直鏈或分支鏈伸烷基或伸烯基鏈,且Rc為直鏈或分支鏈伸烷基或伸烯基鏈,且其中除非另外指明,否則上述取代基中之每一者未經取代。
「鹵基」或「鹵素」係指溴、氯、氟或碘取代基。
「互變異構體」係指其中質子可能自分子之一個原子轉移至同一分子之另一個原子的分子。在某些具體例中,本文提供之化合物可能以互變異構體形式存在。在可能發生互變異構化之情形中,將存在互變異構體之化學 平衡。互變異構體之精確比率視數種因素而定,包括物理狀態、溫度、溶劑及pH。互變異構平衡之一些實例包括:
「醫藥學上可接受之鹽」包括酸加成鹽及鹼加成鹽。本文所述之經取代之雜環衍生物中之任一者的醫藥學上可接受之鹽意欲涵蓋任何及所有醫藥學上適合的鹽形式。本文所述之化合物之例示性醫藥學上可接受之鹽為醫藥學上可接受之酸加成鹽及醫藥學上可接受之鹼加成鹽。
「醫藥學上可接受之酸加成鹽」係指保留游離鹼之生物有效性及特性,不在生物學或其他方面不合需要,且用無機酸形成的彼等鹽,無機酸諸如鹽酸、氫溴酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸、氫碘酸、氫氟酸、亞磷酸及其類似物。亦包括由有機酸形成之鹽,有機酸諸如脂族單羧酸及二羧酸、經苯基取代之烷酸、羥基烷酸、烷二酸、芳族酸、脂族及芳族磺酸等,且包括例如乙酸、三氟乙酸、丙酸、乙醇酸、丙酮酸、草酸、順丁烯二酸、丙二酸、丁二酸、反丁烯二酸、酒石酸、檸檬酸、苯甲酸、肉桂酸、杏仁酸、甲磺酸、乙磺酸、對甲苯 磺酸、水楊酸及其類似物。因此,例示性鹽包括硫酸鹽、焦硫酸鹽、硫酸氫鹽、亞硫酸鹽、亞硫酸氫鹽、硝酸鹽、磷酸鹽、磷酸一氫鹽、磷酸二氫鹽、偏磷酸鹽、焦磷酸鹽、氯化物、溴化物、碘化物、乙酸鹽、三氟乙酸鹽、丙酸鹽、辛酸鹽、異丁酸鹽、乙二酸鹽、丙二酸鹽、丁二酸鹽、辛二酸鹽、癸二酸鹽、反丁烯二酸鹽、順丁烯二酸鹽、扁桃酸鹽、苯甲酸鹽、氯苯甲酸鹽、甲基苯甲酸鹽、二硝基苯甲酸鹽、鄰苯二甲酸鹽、苯磺酸鹽、甲苯磺酸鹽、苯乙酸鹽、檸檬酸鹽、乳酸鹽、蘋果酸鹽、酒石酸鹽、甲磺酸鹽及其類似物。亦涵蓋胺基酸之鹽,諸如精胺酸鹽,葡糖酸鹽及半乳糖醛酸鹽(參見,例如Berge S.M.等人,Pharmaceutical Salts,Journal of Pharmaceutical Science,66:1-19(1997))。鹼性化合物之酸加成鹽可根據熟悉本技藝者所熟悉之方法及技術藉由使游離鹼形式與足量之所需酸接觸產生鹽來製備。
「醫藥學上可接受之鹼加成鹽」係指保留游離酸之生物有效性及特性,不在生物學或其他方面不合需要的彼等鹽。此等鹽由無機鹼或有機鹼與游離酸加成製備。醫藥學上可接受之鹼加成鹽可用金屬或胺形成,諸如鹼金屬及鹼土金屬或有機胺。衍生自無機鹼之鹽包括但不限於鈉鹽、鉀鹽、鋰鹽、銨鹽、鈣鹽、鎂鹽、鐵鹽、鋅鹽、銅鹽、錳鹽、鋁鹽及其類似鹽。衍生自有機鹼之鹽包括但不限於以下鹽:一級胺、二級胺及三級胺、經取代之胺(包括天然存在之經取代之胺)、環胺及鹼性離子交換樹脂,例如異丙胺、三甲胺、二乙胺、三乙胺、三丙胺、乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、2-二甲胺基乙醇、2-二乙胺基乙醇、二環己胺、離胺酸、精胺酸、組胺酸、咖啡鹼、普魯卡因(procaine)、N,N-二苯甲基乙二胺、氯普魯卡因、海卓胺(hydrabamine)、膽鹼、甜菜鹼、乙二胺、伸乙基二苯胺、N-甲基還原葡糖胺、葡糖胺、甲基還原葡糖胺、可可豆鹼、嘌呤、哌 、哌啶、N-乙基哌啶、多元胺樹脂及其類似物。參見Berge等人,見上文。
除非另有說明,否則本文所描繪之結構意欲包括不同之處僅在於存在一或多個同位素富集原子的化合物。舉例而言,具有本發明結構,但其中氫經氘或氚置換或碳經13C或14C富集碳置換的化合物屬於本揭示案之範疇內。
本揭示案之化合物視情況在構成此類化合物之一或多個原子處含有非天然比例之原子同位素。舉例而言,化合物可用同位素標記,諸如氘(2H)、氚(3H)、碘-125(125I)或碳-14(14C)。經2H、11C、13C、14C、15C、12N、13N、15N、16N、16O、17O、14F、15F、16F、17F、18F、33S、34S、35S、36S、35Cl、37Cl、79Br、81Br、125I同位素取代均為預期的。本發明化合物之所有同位素變體無論是否具放射性均涵蓋於本發明之範疇內。
在某些具體例中,本文所揭示之化合物的一些或全部1H原子經2H原子置換。含氘之經取代之雜環衍生物化合物的合成方法為此項技術中已知的,且僅作為非限制性實例,包括以下合成方法。
「保護基」係指當與分子中之反應性官能基連接時掩蔽、降低或防止官能基之反應性的一組原子。通常,在合成過程中可視需要選擇性移除保護基。保護基之實例可見於Wuts,「Greene's Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis,」第5版,Wiley(2014)及Harrison等人,Compendium of Synthetic Organic Methods,第1-8卷,1971-1996,John Wiley & Sons,NY。可具有保護基之官能基包括但不限於羥基、胺基及羧基。代表性胺保護基包括但不限於甲醯基、乙醯基(Ac)、三氟乙醯基、苯甲基(Bn)、苯甲醯基(Bz)、胺基甲酸酯基、苯甲氧羰基(「CBZ」)、對甲氧基苯甲基羰基(Moz或MeOZ)、第三丁氧基羰基(「Boc」)、三甲基矽烷基(「TMS」)、2-三甲基矽烷基-乙磺醯基(「SES」)、三苯甲基及經取代之三苯甲基、烯丙氧基羰基、9-茀基甲氧基羰基(「FMOC」)、硝基-藜蘆氧基羰基(「NVOC」)、對甲氧基苯甲基(PMB)、甲苯磺醯基(Ts)及其類似基團。
「溶劑合物」可包括但不限於保留化合物之一或多種活性及/或特性且合乎需要的溶劑合物。溶劑合物之實例包括但不限於與水、異丙醇、乙醇、甲醇、DMSO、乙酸乙酯、乙酸、乙醇胺或其組合組合的化合物。
「鹽」可包括但不限於保留游離酸及鹼之一或多種活性及特性且合乎需要的鹽。鹽之說明性實例包括但不限於硫酸鹽、焦硫酸鹽、硫酸氫鹽、亞硫酸鹽、亞硫酸氫鹽、磷酸鹽、磷酸一氫鹽、磷酸二氫鹽、偏磷酸鹽、焦磷酸鹽、氯化物、溴化物、碘化物、乙酸鹽、丙酸鹽、癸酸鹽、辛酸鹽、丙烯酸鹽、甲酸鹽、異丁酸鹽、己酸鹽、庚酸鹽、丙炔酸鹽、乙二酸鹽、丙二酸鹽、丁二酸鹽、辛二酸鹽、癸二酸鹽、反丁烯二酸鹽、順丁烯二酸鹽、丁炔-1,4-二酸鹽、己炔-1,6-二酸鹽、苯甲酸鹽、氯苯甲酸鹽、甲基苯甲酸鹽、二硝基苯甲酸鹽、羥基苯甲酸鹽、甲氧基苯甲酸鹽、鄰苯二甲酸鹽、磺酸鹽、二甲苯磺酸鹽、苯乙酸鹽、苯丙酸鹽、苯丁酸鹽、檸檬酸鹽、乳酸鹽、y-羥丁酸鹽、乙醇酸鹽、酒石酸鹽、甲磺酸鹽、丙磺酸鹽、萘-1-磺酸鹽、萘-2-磺酸鹽及扁桃酸鹽。
「溶劑」可包括但不限於非極性溶劑、極性非質子溶劑及極性質子溶劑。非極性溶劑之說明性實例包括但不限於戊烷、環戊烷、己烷、環己烷、苯、甲苯、1,4-二烷、氯仿、乙醚及二氯甲烷(DCM)。極性非質子溶劑之說明性實例包括但不限於四氫呋喃(THF)、乙酸乙酯、丙酮、二甲基甲醯胺(DMF)、乙腈(MeCN)、二甲亞碸(DMSO)、硝基甲烷及碳酸丙二酯。極性質子溶劑之說明性實例包括但不限於甲酸、正丁醇、異丙醇(IPA)、正丙醇、乙醇、甲醇、乙酸及水。
「酸」係指能夠提供氫離子(質子或氫離子H+)或者能夠與電子對形成共價鍵的分子或離子(例如路易斯酸(Lewis acid))。酸可包括但不限於無機酸、磺酸、羧酸、鹵化羧酸、插烯羧酸及核酸。無機酸之說明性實例包括但不限於鹵化氫及其溶液:氫氟酸(HF)、鹽酸(HCl)、氫溴酸(HBr)、氫碘酸(HI);鹵代含氧酸:次氯酸(HClO)、亞氯酸(HClO2)、氯酸(HClO3)、高氯酸(HClO4)及相應的溴及碘之類似物,以及次氟酸(HFO);硫酸(H2SO4);氟硫酸(HSO3F);硝酸(HNO3);磷酸(H3PO4);氟銻酸(HSbF6);氟硼酸(HBF4);六氟磷酸(HPF6);鉻酸(H2CrO4);及硼酸(H3BO3)。磺酸之說明性實例包括但不限於甲磺酸(CH3SO3H)、乙磺酸(CH3CH2SO3H)、苯磺酸(C6H5SO3H)、對甲苯磺酸(CH3C6H4SO3H)、三氟甲磺酸(CF3SO3H)及聚苯乙烯磺酸(磺化聚苯乙烯,[CH2CH(C6H4)SO3H]n)。羧酸之說明性實例包括但不限於乙酸(CH3COOH)、檸檬酸(C6H8O7)、甲酸(HCOOH)、葡糖酸(HOCH2-(CHOH)4-COOH)、乳酸(CH3-CHOH-COOH)、乙二酸(HOOC-COOH)及酒石酸(HOOC-CHOH-CHOH-COOH)。鹵化羧酸之說明性實例包括但不限於氟乙酸、三氟乙酸、氯乙酸、二氯乙酸及三氯乙酸。插烯羧酸之說明性實例包括但不限於抗壞血酸。核酸之說明性實例包括但不限於去氧核糖核酸(DNA)及核糖核酸(RNA)。
「鹼」係指能夠接受來自質子供體之質子及/或產生氫氧根離子(OH-)的分子或離子。鹼之說明性實例包括但不限於氫氧化鋁(Al(OH)3)、氫氧化銨(NH4OH)、氫氧化砷(As(OH)3)、氫氧化鋇(Ba(OH)2)、氫氧化鈹(Be(OH)2)、氫氧化鉍(III)(Bi(OH)3)、氫氧化硼(B(OH)3)、氫氧化鎘(Cd(OH)2)、氫氧化鈣 (Ca(OH)2)、氫氧化鈰(III)(Ce(OH)3)、氫氧化銫(CsOH)、氫氧化鉻(II)(Cr(OH)2)、氫氧化鉻(III)(Cr(OH)3)、氫氧化鉻(V)(Cr(OH)5)、氫氧化鉻(VI)(Cr(OH)6)、氫氧化鈷(II)(Co(OH)2)、氫氧化鈷(III)(Co(OH)3)、氫氧化銅(I)(CuOH)、氫氧化銅(II)(Cu(OH)2)、氫氧化鎵(II)(Ga(OH)2)、氫氧化鎵(III)(Ga(OH)3)、氫氧化金(I)(AuOH)、氫氧化金(III)(Au(OH)3)、氫氧化銦(I)(InOH)、氫氧化銦(II)(In(OH)2)、氫氧化銦(III)(In(OH)3)、氫氧化銥(III)(Ir(OH)3)、氫氧化鐵(II)(Fe(OH)2)、氫氧化鐵(III)(Fe(OH)3)、氫氧化鑭(La(OH)、氫氧化鉛(II)(Pb(OH)2)、氫氧化鉛(IV)(Pb(OH)4)、氫氧化鋰(LiOH)、氫氧化鎂(Mg(OH)2)、氫氧化錳(II)(Mn(OH)2)、氫氧化錳(III)(Mn(OH)3)、氫氧化錳(IV)(Mn(OH)4)、氫氧化錳(VII)(Mn(OH)7)、氫氧化汞(I)(Hg2(OH)2)、氫氧化汞(II)(Hg(OH)2)、氫氧化鉬(Mo(OH)3)、氫氧化釹(Nd(OH)3)、側氧基-氫氧化鎳(NiOOH)、氫氧化鎳(II)(Ni(OH)2)、氫氧化鎳(III)(Ni(OH)3)、氫氧化鈮(Nb(OH)3)、氫氧化鋨(IV)(Os(OH)4)、氫氧化鈀(II)(Pd(OH)2)、氫氧化鈀(IV)(Pd(OH)4)、氫氧化鉑(II)(Pt(OH)2)、氫氧化鉑(IV)(Pt(OH)4)、氫氧化鈈(IV)(Pu(OH)4)、氫氧化鉀(KOH)、氫氧化鐳(Ra(OH)2)、氫氧化銣(RbOH)、氫氧化釕(III)(Ru(OH)3)、氫氧化鈧(Sc(OH)3)、氫氧化矽(Si(OH)4)、氫氧化銀(AgOH)、氫氧化鈉(NaOH)、氫氧化鍶(Sr(OH)2)、氫氧化鉭(V)(Ta(OH)5)、氫氧化鎝(II)(Tc(OH)2)、四甲基氫氧化銨(C4H12NOH)、氫氧化鉈(I)(TlOH)、氫氧化鉈(III)(Tl(OH)3)、氫氧化釷(Th(OH)4)、氫氧化錫(II)(Sn(OH)2)、氫氧化錫(IV)(Sn(OH)4)、氫氧化鈦(II)(Ti(OH)2)、氫氧化鈦(III)(Ti(OH)3)、氫氧化鈦(IV)(Ti(OH)4)、氫氧化鎢(II)(W(OH)2)、氫氧化鈾醯((UO2)2(OH)4)、氫氧化釩(II)(V(OH)2)、氫氧化釩(III)(V(OH)3)、氫氧化釩(V)(V(OH)5)、氫氧化鐿(Yb(OH)3)、氫氧化釔(Y(OH)3)、氫氧化鋅(Zn(OH)2)及氫氧 化鋯(Zr(OH)4)。
在某些具體例中,本文所揭示之方法可同時、以如本文所述之依序次序或以其任何可能的次序進行。
在一個態樣中,本文揭示用於製備式(8)化合物,
或其鹽之方法,其包含:使式(I)化合物或其鹽與水解劑接觸,
其中R1為C1-4烷基、CH2Cl、苯基或苯甲基,其中苯基及苯甲基中之每一者可獨立地經一個、兩個或三個選自甲基、甲氧基、硝基及鹵素之取代基取代;且R2為C1-4烷基。
在一些具體例中,R1為C1-4烷基、CH2Cl、苯基或苯甲基,其中苯基及苯甲基中之每一者可獨立地經一或兩個選自甲基、甲氧基、硝基及鹵素之取代基取代。在一些具體例中,R1為C1-4烷基、CH2Cl、苯基或苯甲基,其中苯基及苯甲基中之每一者可獨立地經一或兩個選自甲基、甲氧基及鹵素之取代基取代。在一些具體例中,R1為C1-4烷基、CH2Cl、苯基或苯甲基,其中苯基及 苯甲基中之每一者可獨立地經一或兩個選自甲氧基及鹵素之取代基取代。在一些具體例中,R1為C1-4烷基、CH2Cl、苯基或苯甲基,其中苯基及苯甲基中之每一者可獨立地經一或兩個甲氧基之取代基取代。在一些具體例中,R1為C1-4烷基、CH2Cl、苯基或苯甲基。在一些具體例中,R1為C1-4烷基或CH2Cl。在一些具體例中,R1為C1-4烷基。在一些具體例中,R1為第三丁基。
在一些具體例中,R2為保護基、甲基、乙基、丙基、異丙基、丁基、第二丁基、異丁基或第三丁基。在一些具體例中,R2為甲基、乙基或第三丁基。在一些具體例中,R2為甲基或第三丁基。在一些具體例中,R2為第三丁基。在一些具體例中,R2為甲基。
在一些具體例中,R1為C1-4烷基、CH2Cl、苯基或苯甲基,且R2為甲基、乙基、丙基、異丙基、丁基、第二丁基、異丁基或第三丁基。在一些具體例中,R1為C1-4烷基或苯甲基,且R2為甲基、乙基或第三丁基。在一些具體例中,R1為C1-4烷基,且R2為甲基或乙基。在一些具體例中,R1為第三丁基且R2為甲基。
在一些具體例中,R1為保護基、甲苯、1,2-二甲苯、1,3-二甲苯、1,4-二甲苯、1,2,3-三甲苯、1,2,4-三甲苯、1,3,5-三甲苯、甲氧基苯、1,2-二甲氧基苯、1,3-二甲氧基苯、1,4-二甲氧基苯、1,2,3-三甲氧基苯、1,2,4-甲氧基苯、1,3,5-三甲氧基苯、硝基苯、1,2-二硝基苯、1,3-二硝基苯、1,4-二硝基苯、1,2,3-三硝基苯、1,2,4-硝基苯、1,3,5-三硝基苯、氟苯、1,2-二氟苯、1,3-二氟苯、1,4-二氟苯、1,2,3-三氟苯、1,2,4-氟苯、1,3,5-三氟苯、氯苯、1,2-二氯苯、1,3-二氯苯、1,4-二氯苯、1,2,3-三氯苯、1,2,4-三氯苯、1,3,5-三氯苯、溴苯、1,2-二溴苯、1,3-二溴苯、1,4-二溴苯、1,2,3-三溴苯、1,2,4-三溴苯、1,3,5-三溴苯、碘苯、1,2- 二碘苯、1,3-二碘苯、1,4-二碘苯、1,2,3-三碘苯、1,2,4-三碘苯、1,3,5-三碘苯、2-甲基苯甲基、3-甲基苯甲基、4-甲基苯甲基、2,3-二甲苯甲基、2,4-二甲苯甲基、2,5-二甲苯甲基、2,6-二甲苯甲基、3,4-二甲苯甲基、3,5-二甲苯甲基、2,3-二甲氧基苯甲基、2,4-二甲氧基苯甲基、2,5-二甲氧基苯甲基、2,6-二甲氧基苯甲基、3,4-二甲氧基苯甲基、3,5-二甲氧基苯甲基、2,3-二硝基苯甲基、2,4-二硝基苯甲基、2,5-二硝基苯甲基、2,6-二硝基苯甲基、3,4-二硝基苯甲基、3,5-二硝基苯甲基、2,3-二氟苯甲基、2,4-二氟苯甲基、2,5-二氟苯甲基、2,6-二氟苯甲基、3,4-二氟苯甲基、3,5-二氟苯甲基、2,3-二氯苯甲基、2,4-二氯苯甲基、2,5-二氯苯甲基、2,6-二氯苯甲基、3,4-二氯苯甲基、3,5-二氯苯甲基、2,3-二溴苯甲基、2,4-二溴苯甲基、2,5-二溴苯甲基、2,6-二溴苯甲基、3,4-二溴苯甲基、3,5-二溴苯甲基、2,3-二碘苯甲基、2,4-二碘苯甲基、2,5-二碘苯甲基、2,6-二碘苯甲基、3,4-二碘苯甲基或3,5-二碘苯甲基。
在一些具體例中,R2為C1-C12直鏈、C3-C12分支鏈或C3-C12環狀烷基;C2-C12直鏈、C3-C12分支鏈或C3-C12環狀烯基;或C2-C12直鏈、C3-C12分支鏈或C3-C12環狀炔基,或苯甲基。在一些具體例中,R2為C1-C12直鏈或C3-C12分支鏈烯基;C2-C12直鏈、C3-C12或分支鏈烯基;C2-C12直鏈或C3-C12炔基,或苯甲基。在一些具體例中,R2為C1-C12直鏈烯基;C2-C12直鏈烯基;或C2-C12直鏈炔基,或苯甲基。在一些具體例中,R2為C1-C12直鏈烯基;C2-C12直鏈烯基;或苯甲基。在一些具體例中,R2為C1-C12直鏈烯基或苯甲基。在一些具體例中,R2為C1-C12直鏈烯基。
在一些具體例中,水解劑包含酸。在一些具體例中,酸為甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、戊酸、己酸、乙二酸、乳酸、蘋果酸、檸檬酸、苯甲酸、 碳酸、尿酸、牛磺酸、對甲苯磺酸、三氟甲磺酸、胺基甲基膦酸、三氟乙酸(TFA)、膦酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸、鹽酸、乙磺酸(ESA)或其任何組合。在一些具體例中,酸為乙酸、對甲苯磺酸、三氟甲磺酸、三氟乙酸(TFA)、硫酸或鹽酸。在一些具體例中,酸為三氟乙酸(TFA)或鹽酸。在一些具體例中,酸為鹽酸。
在一些具體例中,水解劑包含鹼。在一些具體例中,鹼為鹼金屬氫氧化物、鹼金屬碳酸鹽、Polymer-SK(參見例如MacCoss等人,Synlett,675,2004)或四丁基氟化銨(TBAF)(參見例如Ren等人,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,129,5381,2007)。在一些具體例中,鹼為鹼金屬氫氧化物或四丁基氟化銨(TBAF)。在一些具體例中,鹼為鹼金屬氫氧化物。在一些具體例中,鹼為氫氧化鋰(LiOH)、氫氧化鈉(NaOH)、氫氧化鉀(KOH)或氫氧化銫(CsOH)及其任何組合。在一些具體例中,鹼為氫氧化鈉(NaOH)或氫氧化鉀(KOH)。在一些具體例中,鹼為氫氧化鉀(KOH)。在一些具體例中,鹼為鹼金屬碳酸鹽。在一些具體例中,鹼為碳酸鋰(Li2CO3)、碳酸鈉(Na2CO3)、碳酸鉀(K2CO3)、碳酸銫(Cs2CO3)及其任何組合。在一些具體例中,鹼為碳酸鉀(K2CO3)或碳酸銫(Cs2CO3)。在一些具體例中,鹼為碳酸銫(Cs2CO3)。
在一些具體例中,接觸在溶劑存在下發生。在一些具體例中,溶劑包含N,N-二甲基甲醯胺(DMF)、第三丁醇、二甲氧基乙烷(DME)、乙腈、二氯甲烷(DCM)、四氫呋喃(THF)、2-甲基四氫呋喃(ME-THF)、異丙醇、甲醇、乙醇或其任何組合。在一些具體例中,溶劑包含THF。在一些具體例中,溶劑包含N,N-二甲基甲醯胺(DMF)、二甲氧基乙烷(DME)、四氫呋喃(THF)或2-甲基四氫呋喃(ME-THF)。在一些具體例中,溶劑包含2-甲基四氫呋喃(ME-THF)。
在一些具體例中,式(8)化合物之純度為至少50%、至少60%、 至少70%、至少80%、至少85%、至少90%、至少91%、至少92%、至少93%、至少94%、至少95%、至少96%、至少97%、至少98%、至少99%、至少99.1%、至少99.2%、至少99.3%、至少99.4%、至少99.5%、至少99.6%、至少99.7%、至少99.8%或至少99.9%。在一些具體例中,式(8)化合物之純度為至少90%、至少91%、至少92%、至少93%、至少94%、至少95%、至少96%、至少97%、至少98%、至少99%、至少99.1%、至少99.2%、至少99.3%、至少99.4%、至少99.5%、至少99.6%、至少99.7%、至少99.8%或至少99.9%。在一些具體例中,式(8)化合物之純度為至少99%、至少99.1%、至少99.2%、至少99.3%、至少99.4%、至少99.5%、至少99.6%、至少99.7%、至少99.8%或至少99.9%。在一些具體例中,式(8)化合物之純度為至少99%、至少99.1%、至少99.2%、至少99.3%、至少99.4%、至少99.5%、至少99.6%、至少99.7%、至少99.8%或至少99.9%。在一些具體例中,式(8)化合物之純度為至少99%。
在一些具體例中,本文揭示用於製備式(I)化合物之方法,
其包含:a)使式(5)化合物或其鹽,
與式(II)化合物或其鹽在鹼存在下接觸,
其中R1為C1-4烷基、CH2Cl、苯基或苯甲基,其中苯基及苯甲基中之每一者可獨立地經一個、兩個或三個選自甲基、甲氧基、硝基及鹵素之取代基取代;b)使步驟a)中形成之產物與式(III)化合物或其鹽在鹼存在下接觸,
其中R2為C1-4烷基;得到式(I)化合物或其鹽,
c)視情況用包含水及鹼之溶劑洗滌步驟b)中形成之產物。
在一些具體例中,可在步驟b)或步驟c)之後形成少量式(IV)化合物。式(I)化合物連同式(IV)化合物可如本文所述經由水解直接轉化為式(8)化合物。
在一些具體例中,R1為C1-4烷基、CH2Cl、苯基或苯甲基,其中苯基及苯甲基中之每一者可獨立地經一或兩個選自甲基、甲氧基、硝基及鹵素之取代基取代。在一些具體例中,R1為C1-4烷基、CH2Cl、苯基或苯甲基,其中苯基及苯甲基中之每一者可獨立地經一或兩個選自甲基、甲氧基及鹵素之取代基取代。在一些具體例中,R1為C1-4烷基、CH2Cl、苯基或苯甲基,其中苯基及苯甲基中之每一者可獨立地經一或兩個選自甲氧基及鹵素之取代基取代。在一些具體例中,R1為C1-4烷基、CH2Cl、苯基或苯甲基,其中苯基及苯甲基中之每一者可獨立地經一或兩個甲氧基之取代基取代。在一些具體例中,R1為C1-4烷基、CH2Cl、苯基或苯甲基。在一些具體例中,R1為C1-4烷基或CH2Cl。在一些具體例中,R1為C1-4烷基。在一些具體例中,R1為第三丁基。
在一些具體例中,R2為保護基、甲基、乙基、丙基、異丙基、丁基、第二丁基、異丁基或第三丁基。在一些具體例中,R2為甲基、乙基或第三丁基。在一些具體例中,R2為甲基或第三丁基。在一些具體例中,R2為甲基。在一些具體例中,R1為第三丁基,且R2為甲基。
在一些具體例中,接觸在鹼存在下發生。在一些具體例中,鹼獨立地為有機鹼。在一些具體例中,有機鹼為三乙胺(TEA)、三異丙胺、二異丙胺(DIPEA)、吡啶、2,6-二第三丁基吡啶、1,8-二氮雜雙環十一-7-烯(DBU)、1,5-二氮雜雙環(4.3.0)壬-5-烯(DBN)或其任何組合。在一些具體例中,有機鹼為三乙胺(TEA)、二異丙胺(DIPEA)、吡啶或1,8-二氮雜雙環十一-7-烯(DBU)。在一些具體例中,有機鹼為三乙胺(TEA)或二異丙胺(DIPEA)。在一些具體例中,有機鹼為二異丙胺(DIPEA)。
在一些具體例中,接觸在溶劑存在下發生。在一些具體例中,溶劑包含乙醇、N,N-二甲基甲醯胺(DMF)、二乙基甲醯胺(DEF)、二甲基乙醯胺(DMA)、二乙基乙醯胺(DEA)、二甲亞碸(DMSO)、二烷、二甲氧基乙烷(DME)、乙腈、二氯甲烷(DCM)、四氫呋喃(THF)、2-甲基四氫呋喃(ME-THE)或其任何組合。在一些具體例中,溶劑包含乙醇、N,N-二甲基甲醯胺(DMF)、二甲基乙醯胺(DMA)、二甲亞碸(DMSO)、二氯甲烷(DCM)、四氫呋喃(THF)或2-甲基四氫呋喃(ME-THF)。在一些具體例中,溶劑包含N,N-二甲基甲醯胺(DMF)、四氫呋喃(THF)或2-甲基四氫呋喃(ME-THF)。在一些具體例中,溶劑包含N,N-二甲基甲醯胺(DMF)或四氫呋喃(THF)。在一些具體例中,溶劑包含四氫呋喃(THF)。
在一些具體例中,需要步驟c)。在一些具體例中,步驟c)中形成之產物包含少於約0.5%之式(5)化合物。在一些具體例中,步驟c)中形成之產物包含少於約0.4%之式(5)化合物。在一些具體例中,步驟c)中形成之產物包含少於約0.3%之式(5)化合物。在一些具體例中,步驟c)中形成之產物包含少於約0.2%之式(5)化合物。在一些具體例中,步驟c)中形成之產物包含少於約0.1%之式(5)化合物。在一些具體例中,步驟c)中形成之產物包含少於約0.09%之式(5)化合物。在一些具體例中,步驟c)中形成之產物包含少於約0.08%之式(5)化合物。在一些具體例中,步驟c)中形成之產物包含少於約0.07%之式(5)化合物。在一些具體例中,步驟c)中形成之產物包含少於約0.06%之式(5)化合物。在一些具體例中,步驟c)中形成之產物包含少於約0.05%之式(5)化合物。在一些具體例中,步驟c)中形成之產物包含少於約0.04%之式(5)化合物。在一些具體例中,步驟c)中形成之產物包含少於約0.03%之式(5)化合物。在一些具體例中,步驟c)中形成之產物包含少於約0.02%之式(5)化合物。在一些具體例中,步驟c)中形成之產物包含少於約0.01%之式(5)化合物。
在一些具體例中,步驟c)中使用之溶劑包含水及鹼。在一些具體例中,水與鹼之比率(v/v)為約0.1%-1%、約0.1%-5%、約0.1-10%、約0.1%-20%、約0.5%-1%、約0.5%-5%、約0.5%-10%、約0.5%-20%、約1%-5%、約1%-10%、約1%-20%、約5%-10%、約5%-20%、約10%-20%、約10%-30%、約20%-30%、約20%-40%、約30%-40%、約30%-50%、約40%-50%、約40%-60%、約50%-60%、約50%-70%、約60%-70%、約60%-80%、約70%-80%、約70%-90%、約80%-90%、約80%-95%、約90%-95%、約90%-99%或約95%-99%。在一些具體例中,鹼為有機鹼。在一些具體例中,有機鹼為三乙胺(TEA)、三異丙胺、二異丙胺(DIPEA)、吡啶、2,6-二第三丁基吡啶、1,8-二氮雜雙環十一-7-烯(DBU)、1,5-二氮雜雙環(4.3.0)壬-5-烯(DBN)或其任何組合。在一些具體例中,有機鹼為三乙胺(TEA)、二異丙胺(DIPEA)、吡啶或1,8-二氮雜雙環十一-7-烯(DBU)。在一些具體例中,有機鹼為三乙胺(TEA)或二異丙胺(DIPEA)。在一些具體例中,有機鹼為二異丙胺(DIPEA)。
在另一個態樣中,本文揭示式(I)化合物:
或其鹽,其中R1為C1-4烷基、CH2Cl、苯基或苯甲基,其中苯基及苯甲基中之每一者可獨立地經一個、兩個或三個選自甲基、甲氧基、硝基及鹵素之取代基取代;且R2為C1-4烷基。
在一些具體例中,式(I)化合物之純度為至少50%、至少60%、至少70%、至少80%、至少85%、至少90%、至少91%、至少92%、至少93%、至少94%、至少95%、至少96%、至少97%、至少98%、至少99%、至少99.1%、至少99.2%、至少99.3%、至少99.4%、至少99.5%、至少99.6%、至少99.7%、至少99.8%或至少99.9%。在一些具體例中,式(I)化合物之純度為至少90%、至少91%、至少92%、至少93%、至少94%、至少95%、至少96%、至少97%、至少98%、至少99%、至少99.1%、至少99.2%、至少99.3%、至少99.4%、至少99.5%、至少99.6%、至少99.7%、至少99.8%或至少99.9%。在一些具體例中,式(I)化合物之純度為至少至少99%、至少99.1%、至少99.2%、至少99.3%、至少99.4%、至少99.5%、至少99.6%、至少99.7%、至少99.8%或至少99.9%。在一些具體例中,式(I)化合物之純度為至少99%、至少99.1%、至少99.2%、至少99.3%、至少99.4%、至少99.5%、至少99.6%、至少99.7%、至少99.8%或至少99.9%。在一些具體例中,式(I)化合物之純度為至少99%。
在一些具體例中,式(I)化合物包含少於約0.5%之式(5)化合物,亦即式(I)化合物含有少於約0.5%之雜質式(5)化合物。在整個申請專利範圍及說明書中,「式(I)化合物包含少於約X%之式(5)化合物」的句子意謂式(I)化合物含有少於約X%之雜質式(5)化合物。在一些具體例中,式(I)化合物包含少於約0.4%之式(5)化合物。在一些具體例中,式(I)化合物包含少於約0.3%之式(5)化合物。在一些具體例中,式(I)化合物包含少於約0.2%之式(5)化合物。在一些具體 例中,式(I)化合物包含少於約0.1%之式(5)化合物。在一些具體例中,式(I)化合物包含少於約0.09%之式(5)化合物。在一些具體例中,式(I)化合物包含少於約0.08%之式(5)化合物。在一些具體例中,式(I)化合物包含少於約0.07%之式(5)化合物。在一些具體例中,式(I)化合物包含少於約0.06%之式(5)化合物。在一些具體例中,式(I)化合物包含少於約0.05%之式(5)化合物。在一些具體例中,式(I)化合物包含少於約0.04%之式(5)化合物。在一些具體例中,式(I)化合物包含少於約0.03%之式(5)化合物。在一些具體例中,式(I)化合物包含少於約0.02%之式(5)化合物。在一些具體例中,式(I)化合物包含少於約0.01%之式(5)化合物。
在另一個態樣中,本文揭示一種組成物,其包含:a)80%或更多之式(I)化合物或其鹽,
其中R1為C1-4烷基、CH2Cl、苯基或苯甲基,其中苯基及苯甲基中之每一者可獨立地經一個、兩個或三個選自甲基、甲氧基、硝基及鹵素之取代基取代;且R2為C1-4烷基;b)20%或更少之式(IV)化合物或其鹽,
其中R2為C1-4烷基,且其中式(I)化合物或其鹽及式(IV)化合物或其鹽之組合量為約99%至約100%,例如約99.1%、約99.2%、約99.3%、約99.4%、約99.5%、約99.6%、約99.7%、約99.8%或約99.9%。
在一些具體例中,R2為保護基、甲基、乙基、丙基、異丙基、丁基、第二丁基、異丁基或第三丁基。在一些具體例中,R2為甲基、乙基或第三丁基。在一些具體例中,R2為甲基或第三丁基。在一些具體例中,R2為甲基。
在一些具體例中,組成物包含約85%或更多之式(I)化合物或其鹽及約15%或更少之式(IV)化合物或其鹽。在一些具體例中,組成物包含約90%或更多之式(I)化合物或其鹽及約10%或更少之式(IV)化合物或其鹽。在一些具體例中,組成物包含約95%或更多之式(I)化合物或其鹽及約5%或更少之式(IV)化合物或其鹽。在一些具體例中,組成物包含99%或更多之式(I)化合物或其鹽及約1%或更少之式(IV)化合物或其鹽。
在一些具體例中,組成物包含少於約0.5%之式(5)化合物。在一些具體例中,組成物包含少於約0.4%之式(5)化合物。在一些具體例中,組成物包含少於約0.3%之式(5)化合物。在一些具體例中,組成物包含少於約0.2%之式(5)化合物。在一些具體例中,組成物包含少於約0.1%之式(5)化合物。在一些具體例中,組成物包含少於約0.05%之式(5)化合物。在一些具體例中,組成物包含少於約0.01%之式(5)化合物。
在另一個態樣中,本文揭示一種組成物,其包含式(I)化合物或其鹽,
其中R1為C1-4烷基、CH2Cl、苯基或苯甲基,其中苯基及苯甲基中之每一者可獨立地經一個、兩個或三個選自甲基、甲氧基、硝基及鹵素之取代基取代;R2為C1-4烷基;及包含少於約0.5%之式(5)化合物:
在一些具體例中,組成物包含少於約0.4%之式(5)化合物。在一些具體例中,組成物包含少於約0.3%之式(5)化合物。在一些具體例中,組成物包含少於約0.2%之式(5)化合物。在一些具體例中,組成物包含少於約0.1%之式(5)化合物。在一些具體例中,組成物包含少於0.05%之式(5)化合物。在一些具體例中,組成物包含少於約0.01%之式(5)化合物。
在整個申請專利範圍及說明書中,除非另外指出,否則化合物之數值百分點(%)係指藉由HPLC量測之該化合物的純度或雜質。
使用鈀催化劑將硼酸1與二氯氰基吡啶2偶合,得到化合物3。用甲醇鈉處理氯氰基-吡啶3,得到化合物4。使用鹽酸水溶液將化合物4轉化成酸5。用新戊醯氯處理化合物5,得到混合酸酐6,其在與甘胺酸甲酯鹽酸鹽反應後轉化成化合物7(可形成在吡啶-3-醇位置少量脫除保護基形式的化合物7,其可直接轉化成化合物8而無需進一步純化)。使用氫氧化鉀將化合物7轉化成化合物8。
以下實施例說明本發明之一些具體例及態樣。對熟悉相關技藝 者而言將顯而易見的是,可在不改變本發明之精神或範疇的情況下執行各種修改、添加、替代及其類似者,且此類修改及變化涵蓋在如於隨後之申請專利範圍中所界定的本發明內。本文所揭示之本發明藉由以下實施例進一步加以說明,該等實施例決不應理解為限制性的。
向配備有機械攪拌器、汲取管、溫度計及氮氣入口之20L反應器中饋入(3-氯苯基)硼酸(550g,3.52mol)、3,5-二氯-2-氰基吡啶(639g,3.69mol)、K 2 CO 3 (5.5g,40mmol)、[1,1’-雙(二苯基膦基)二茂鐵]二氯-鈀(Ⅱ)[PdCl 2 (dppf)](11.5g,140mmol)及二甲基甲醯胺(3894g,4.125L)。攪拌反應溶液且經由汲取管用氮氣淨化30分鐘。隨後將脫氣的水(413g)饋入反應混合物中,同時維持溫度低於50℃持續25小時。如藉由使用乙酸乙酯/甲醇(4:1)作為移動相及使用UV 435nm觀測反應組分之TLC分析所量測,由於3,5-二氯-2-氰基吡啶之消失確定反應完全。隨後將反應溶液冷卻至5℃且饋入庚烷(940g,1.375L)並攪拌30分鐘。饋入水(5.5L)且將混合物進一步攪拌1小時,同時使溫度上升至15℃。藉由過濾分離固體產物且用水(5.5L),隨後用庚烷(18881g,2750ML)洗滌。所得濾餅在真空下空氣乾燥18小時,且隨後在50℃下用2-丙醇(6908g,8800mL及庚烷(1g,2200mL之混合物濕磨4小時,冷卻至環境溫度且隨後在環境溫度下攪拌1小時。隨後藉由過濾分離產物且用冷的2-丙醇(3450g,4395mL),隨後用庚烷(3010g,4400mL)洗滌。所得固體在40℃高真空下乾燥64小時,得到565.9g(65%產率)呈米色固體狀之所需產物。HPLC純度為98.3%。 1 H NMR(DMSO-d 6 )δ 9.12(d,1H),8.70(d,1H),8.03(t,1H)7.88(m,1H)及7.58(m, 2H)。
向配備有機械攪拌器、冷凝器、溫度計及氮氣入口之20L反應器中饋入5-(3-氯苯基)-3-氯-2-氰基吡啶,1(558g,2.24mol)及甲醇(根據需要),隨後饋入甲醇鈉(25%甲醇溶液,726.0g,3.36mol)。在攪拌下,將反應溶液加熱至回流24小時,得到米色懸浮液。如藉由使用己烷/乙酸乙酯(6:3)作為移動相及使用UV 435nm觀測反應組分之TLC分析所量測,由於5-(3-氯苯基)-3-氯-2-氰基吡啶之消失確定反應完全。將反應混合物冷卻至5℃且隨後饋入水(5580mL)。所得漿料在5℃下攪拌3小時。藉由過濾分離固體產物且用水(5580mL)洗滌,直至濾液之pH為7。濾餅在真空下空氣乾燥16小時。隨後將濾餅饋入回反應器且在環境溫度下在MeOH(2210g,2794mL)中濕磨1小時。藉由過濾收集固體且用MeOH(882g,1116mL,5℃),隨後用庚烷(205mL,300mL)洗滌,且在45℃高真空下乾燥72小時,得到448g(82%產率)呈灰白色固體狀之所需產物。HPLC純度為97.9%。
1
H NMR(DMSO-d
6
)δ 8.68(d,1H),8.05(d,1H),8.01(s,1H)7.86(m,1H),7.59(s,1H),7.57(s,1H)及4.09(s,3H)。
向配備有機械攪拌器、冷凝器、溫度計、氮氣入口及25% NaOH水溶液截留器之20L反應器中饋入5-(3-氯苯基)-3-甲氧基-2-氰基吡啶,2(440.6g,1.8mol)及37% HCl水溶液(5302g)。在攪拌的同時,將反應溶液加熱至102℃持續24小時。添加另外的37% HCl水溶液(2653g),隨後在104℃下攪拌18小時。隨後將反應內含物冷卻至5℃,饋入水(4410g)且隨後在0℃下攪拌16小 時。藉由過濾分離所得沈澱產物,且用水洗滌直至濾液之pH為6(約8,000L水)。將濾餅在減壓下拉乾2小時。隨後將濾餅轉移回反應器中且在環境溫度下在THF(1958g,2201mL)中濕磨2小時。隨後藉由過濾分離固體產物,用THF(778g,875mL)洗滌且在5℃下減壓乾燥48小時,得到385g(89%產率)呈灰白色固體狀之所需產物。HPLC純度為96.2%。1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 8.52(d,1H),7.99(d,1H),7.95(s,1H)7.81(t,1H),7.57(s,1H)及7.55(s,1H)。
將3-羥基5-(3-氯苯基)-2-羧基-吡啶(1.00wt)及四氫呋喃(4.48wt/wt)饋入反應器中,隨後饋入N,N-二異丙基乙胺(1.21wt/wt)。在約0℃下添加特戊醯氯(1.05wt/wt),且攪拌混合物直至認為反應完成。在約0℃下添加四氫呋喃(2.59wt/wt)及甘胺酸甲酯鹽酸鹽(0.64wt/wt),且在約0℃下添加N,N-二異丙基乙胺(0.78wt/wt)。在約0℃及環境溫度下攪拌混合物直至認為反應完成。將反應溶劑四氫呋喃在高溫下在真空下更換為乙醇。在約40℃下添加水(8.00wt/wt)。將所得懸浮液在環境溫度下攪拌,過濾且用乙醇及水洗滌。經分離之化合物7含有約0.5%之化合物5,其難以移除。
將3-羥基5-(3-氯苯基)-2-羧基-吡啶(1.00wt)及四氫呋喃(4.48wt/wt)饋入反應器中,隨後饋入N,N-二異丙基乙胺(1.21wt/wt)。在約0℃下添加特戊醯氯(1.05wt/wt),且攪拌混合物直至認為反應完成。在約0℃下添加四氫呋 喃(2.59wt/wt)及甘胺酸甲酯鹽酸鹽(0.64wt/wt),且在約0℃下添加N,N-二異丙基乙胺(0.78wt/wt)。在約0℃及環境溫度下攪拌混合物直至認為反應完成。將反應溶劑四氫呋喃在高溫下在真空下更換為乙醇。在約40℃下添加水(8.00wt/wt),隨後添加額外量的N,N-二異丙基乙胺(0.077wt/wt)。將懸浮液在環境溫度下攪拌,過濾且用乙醇及水洗滌。經分離之化合物7藉由HPLC含有不可偵測量之化合物5或低於0.05%之化合物5。化合物7未經進一步純化即可用於後續步驟。1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ 9.064(t,j=6.1Hz,1H),8.947(d,j=2.0Hz,1H),8.161(d,j=2.0Hz,1H),7.999(m,1H),7.870(m,1H),7.568(m,2H),4.024(d,j=6.1Hz,2H),3.656(s,3H),1.332(s,9H)。化合物7之分子量為404.11,其藉由該化合物之質譜顯示具有405.1質量之主峰,亦即分子之[M+1]離子來證實。
將5-(3-氯苯基)-2-(N-甘胺酸甲酯羧醯胺)-3-(2,2-二甲基-1-側氧基丙氧基)吡啶、2-甲基-四氫呋喃(6.92wt/wt)及水(3.24wt/wt)饋入反應器中。添加約45%之氫氧化鉀溶液(1.50wt/wt),且在環境溫度下攪拌混合物直至認為反應完成。饋入水((3.73wt/wt)且在環境溫度下用濃HCl水溶液(約1.3wt/wt)酸化混合物。排出下部水相,且在約45℃下向有機萃取物中添加水。排出下部水相且對有機相進行精緻過濾。饋入2-甲基-四氫呋喃(8.30wt/wt)且將混合物在約45℃下真空濃縮至約5體積。在約45℃下添加正庚烷(0.99wt/wt)及5-(3-氯苯基)-2-(N-甘胺酸羧醯胺)-3-羥基吡啶種子(0.005wt/wt)。正庚烷(5.62wt/wt)在約2小時內饋入且在約45℃下攪拌懸浮液約1小時。將懸浮液在高溫下真空濃縮至約6.5體積,隨後在約75℃下攪拌。將懸浮液冷卻至環境溫度,攪拌且過濾。濕濾餅用正庚烷(3.31wt/wt)洗滌且在約50℃下真空乾燥,根據3-羥基5-(3-氯苯 基)-2-羧基-吡啶(化合物5)之饋入量,得到約90%產率及約100% HPLC純度的白色至米色晶體。1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 12.84(s,1H),12.39(s,1H),9.39(t,1H),8.56(d,1H),7.94(s,1H),7.81(m,2H),7.55(q,2H)及4.02(d,2H)。
雖然本文已展示及描述本發明之具體例,但對熟悉本技藝者將顯而易見的是,此類具體例僅藉助於實施例提供。在不脫離本發明之情況下,熟悉本技藝者現將想到許多變化、改變及取代。應理解,本文所述之本發明具體例的各種替代方案可用於實施本發明。以下申請專利範圍意欲界定本發明之範疇,且從而涵蓋此等申請專利範圍及其等效物之範疇內的方法及結構。
Claims (24)
- 一種用於製備式(8)化合物
- 如請求項1之方法,其中,R1為第三丁基。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中,R2為甲基。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中,該水解劑包含酸。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中,該水解劑包含鹼。
- 如請求項5之方法,其中,該鹼為鹼金屬氫氧化物、鹼金屬碳酸鹽、Polymer-SK或四丁基氟化銨(TBAF)。
- 如請求項5之方法,其中,該鹼為選自氫氧化鋰(LiOH)、氫氧化鈉(NaOH)、氫氧化鉀(KOH)、氫氧化銫(CsOH)及其任何組合之鹼金屬氫氧化物。
- 如請求項5之方法,其中,該鹼為選自碳酸鋰(Li2CO3)、碳酸鈉(Na2CO3)、碳酸鉀(K2CO3)、碳酸銫(Cs2CO3)及其任何組合之鹼金屬碳酸鹽。
- 如請求項7之方法,其中,該鹼金屬氫氧化物為氫氧化鉀(KOH)。
- 如請求項1之方法,其在包含N,N-二甲基甲醯胺(DMF)、第三丁醇、二甲氧基乙烷(DME)、乙腈、二氯甲烷(DCM)、四氫呋喃(THF)、2-甲基四氫呋喃(ME-THF)、異丙醇、甲醇、乙醇或其任何組合之溶劑存在下發生。
- 如請求項10之方法,其中,該溶劑包含2-甲基四氫呋喃(ME-THF)。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中,該式(8)化合物之純度為至少99%。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中,該式(I)化合物包含少於0.5%之該式(5)化合物。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中,該式(I)化合物包含少於0.3%之該式(5)化合物。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中,該式(I)化合物包含少於0.2%之該式(5)化合物。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中,該式(I)化合物包含少於0.1%之該式(5)化合物。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中,該式(I)化合物包含少於0.05%之該式(5)化合物。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中,各該鹼獨立地為有機鹼。
- 如請求項18之方法,其中,各有機鹼獨立地為三乙胺(TEA)、三異丙胺、二異丙胺(DIPEA)、吡啶、2,6-二第三丁基吡啶、1,8-二氮雜雙環十一-7-烯(DBU)、1,5-二氮雜雙環(4.3.0)壬-5-烯(DBN)或其任何組合。
- 如請求項18之方法,其中,各有機鹼獨立地為二異丙胺(DIPEA)。
- 如請求項21之方法,其中,該溶劑為四氫呋喃(THF)。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中,R1為第三丁基且R2為甲基。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中,R1為C1-4烷基。
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CA3097219A1 (en) | 2019-11-14 |
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