TWI802712B - 雷射加工裝置 - Google Patents

雷射加工裝置 Download PDF

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TWI802712B
TWI802712B TW108120943A TW108120943A TWI802712B TW I802712 B TWI802712 B TW I802712B TW 108120943 A TW108120943 A TW 108120943A TW 108120943 A TW108120943 A TW 108120943A TW I802712 B TWI802712 B TW I802712B
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axis direction
laser light
wafer
pulsed laser
laser
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古田健次
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日商迪思科股份有限公司
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    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
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    • B23K26/0648Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms comprising lenses
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    • B23K26/0652Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms comprising prisms
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    • B23K26/067Dividing the beam into multiple beams, e.g. multifocusing
    • B23K26/0676Dividing the beam into multiple beams, e.g. multifocusing into dependently operating sub-beams, e.g. an array of spots with fixed spatial relationship or for performing simultaneously identical operations
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    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
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    • B23K26/0869Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction
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    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/50Working by transmitting the laser beam through or within the workpiece
    • B23K26/53Working by transmitting the laser beam through or within the workpiece for modifying or reforming the material inside the workpiece, e.g. for producing break initiation cracks
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    • B23K37/00Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
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Abstract

[課題] 提供一種雷射加工裝置,即使將聚光點定位於較窄分割預定線的內部並照射雷射光線來形成改質層,也不會讓元件受損傷。[解決手段] 雷射加工裝置之雷射光線照射單元6,包含:雷射振盪器30,射出對晶圓72具有穿透性波長之脈衝雷射光線LB;聚光器32,將雷射振盪器30射出之脈衝雷射光線LB聚光於卡盤台4所保持之晶圓72;分歧部34,配設於雷射振盪器30與聚光器32之間,使雷射振盪器30射出之脈衝雷射光線LB分歧,在X軸方向產生至少2個聚光點;及遮罩部36,配設於雷射振盪器30與聚光器32之間,將雷射振盪器30射出之脈衝雷射光線LB的聚光點往Y軸方向縮小,維持在分割預定線74的寬度。

Description

雷射加工裝置
本發明係有關於一種雷射加工裝置,在由相互交叉的多條分割預定線所劃分而在正面形成有多個元件之晶圓內部,形成改質層。
由相互交叉的多條分割預定線所劃分而在正面形成IC、LSI等多個元件之晶圓,由切割裝置(切割機)分割成各個元件晶片,所分割之元件晶片應用於行動電話、個人電腦等電子設備。
有人提出一種技術:使雷射光線的聚光點定位於分割預定線的內部,並對晶圓照射雷射光線,進而沿著分割預定線在晶圓的內部形成改質層,來將晶圓分割成各個元件晶片(參照例如專利文獻1)。上述技術,優點在於:令分割預定線之寬度狹窄為例如50μm至10μm,可從1片晶圓產出許多的元件晶片。 [習知技術文獻] [專利文獻]
[專利文獻1] 日本特許第3408805號公報
可是,若要自晶圓正面照射雷射光線而在內部形成聚光點,則會有以下問題:照射在正面之雷射光線的光點超出分割預定線的寬度而定位,使得和分割預定線相鄰之元件受損傷。
另外,若要自晶圓背面於分割預定線的對應區域將雷射光線的聚光點定位於內部,來對晶圓照射雷射光線,則會有以下問題:改質層形成之後的漏光讓形成於正面的元件受損傷。
因此,本發明之目的在於提供一種雷射加工裝置,即使將聚光點定位於較窄分割預定線的內部並照射雷射光線來形成改質層,也不會讓元件受損傷。
根據本發明,提供一種雷射加工裝置,在由相互交叉的多條分割預定線所劃分而在正面形成有多個元件之晶圓的內部,形成改質層;該雷射加工裝置具備:卡盤台,保持晶圓;雷射光線照射單元,對該卡盤台所保持之晶圓照射脈衝雷射光線,在晶圓的內部形成改質層;X軸進給機構,使該卡盤台與該雷射光線照射單元相對地於X軸方向加工進給;及Y軸進給機構,使該卡盤台與該雷射光線照射單元相對地於X軸方向所正交之Y軸方向分度進給;該雷射光線照射單元包含:雷射振盪器,射出對晶圓具有穿透性波長之脈衝雷射光線;聚光器,將該雷射振盪器射出之脈衝雷射光線聚光於該卡盤台所保持之晶圓;分歧部,配設於該雷射振盪器與該聚光器之間,使該雷射振盪器射出之脈衝雷射光線分歧,在X軸方向產生至少2個聚光點;及遮罩部,配設於該雷射振盪器與該聚光器之間,將該雷射振盪器射出之脈衝雷射光線的聚光點往Y軸方向縮小,維持在該分割預定線的寬度。
較佳為:分歧成至少2個聚光點的間隔,係設定成讓相鄰改質層於X軸方向伸展的裂縫相連結之間隔。較佳為:分歧前的脈衝雷射光線之脈衝能量為12~15μJ,脈衝雷射光線由該分歧部分歧成2個聚光點。較佳為:2個聚光點的間隔為5~6μm,令該X軸進給機構之相對加工進給速度為V(mm/s),令重複頻率為R(kHz),則聚光點的間隔×1.4≦V/R≦聚光點的間隔×2。
根據本發明,即使將聚光點定位於較窄分割預定線的內部並照射雷射光線來形成改質層,也不會讓元件受損傷。
以下,針對本發明實施形態之雷射加工裝置,參照圖式加以說明。
圖1所示之雷射加工裝置2,包含:保持單元4,保持晶圓;雷射光線照射單元6,對保持單元4所保持之晶圓照射脈衝雷射光線,在晶圓的內部形成改質層;X軸進給機構8,使保持單元4與雷射光線照射單元6相對地於X軸方向加工進給;及Y軸進給機構10,使保持單元4與雷射光線照射單元6相對地於X軸方向所正交之Y軸方向分度進給。此外,X軸方向為圖1中以箭頭X所示之方向,Y軸方向為圖1中以箭頭Y所示之方向且和X軸方向正交之方向。另外,X軸方向及Y軸方向所界定之XY平面為實質上水平。
如圖1所示,保持單元4包含:X軸方向可動板14,於X軸方向移動自如,搭載於基台12;Y軸方向可動板16,於Y軸方向移動自如,搭載於X軸方向可動板14;支柱18,固定於Y軸方向可動板16之上表面;及蓋板20,固定於支柱18之上端。蓋板20中形成有於Y軸方向延伸之長孔20a,通過長孔20a往上方延伸之卡盤台22以旋轉自如地方式搭載於支柱18之上端。卡盤台22藉由內置於支柱18之卡盤台用馬達(未圖示)來進行旋轉。卡盤台22的上端部分,配置有與吸引手段(未圖示)連接之多孔質圓形吸附盤24;在卡盤台22中,用吸引手段使吸附盤24的上表面產生吸引力,來吸引保持上表面所載之晶圓。另外,在卡盤台22之周緣,在圓周方向上間隔地配置有多個夾具26。
參照圖1及圖2,針對雷射光線照射單元6進行說明。如圖1所示,雷射光線照射單元6包含框體28,從基台12的上表面往上方延伸,接著實質上水平延伸。此框體28如圖2所示,配設有:雷射振盪器30,射出對晶圓具有穿透性波長之脈衝雷射光線LB;聚光器32,將雷射振盪器30射出之脈衝雷射光線LB聚光於保持單元4所保持之晶圓;分歧部34,配設於雷射振盪器30與聚光器32之間,使雷射振盪器30射出之脈衝雷射光線LB分歧,在X軸方向產生至少2個聚光點;及遮罩部36,配設於雷射振盪器30(在本實施形態中為分歧部34)與聚光器32之間,將雷射振盪器30射出之脈衝雷射光線LB的聚光點往Y軸方向縮小,維持在分割預定線的寬度。
在本實施形態中如圖2所示,雷射光線照射單元6,更具備:衰減器38,調整雷射振盪器30射出之脈衝雷射光線LB的輸出;第一鏡片40,將由衰減器38調整輸出後之脈衝雷射光線LB反射,導向分歧部34;半波板42,配置於第一鏡片40與分歧部34之間;及聚光點位置調整手段(未圖示),調整脈衝雷射光線LB之聚光點的上下方向位置。
參照圖2繼續說明,本實施形態之分歧部34,包含:第一偏光分光器48,使穿透過半波板42之脈衝雷射光線LB分歧,讓第一脈衝雷射光線LB1導向第一光路44,並且讓第二脈衝雷射光線LB2導向第二光路46;第二偏光分光器50,令第一脈衝雷射光線LB1與第二脈衝雷射光線LB2於X軸方向間隔地導向聚光器32;分歧間隔調整手段52,使第二偏光分光器50於X軸方向移動,來調整第一脈衝雷射光線LB1與第二脈衝雷射光線LB2之X軸方向的分歧間隔;第二鏡片54及第三鏡片56,將導向第二光路46之第二脈衝雷射光線LB2反射,導向第二偏光分光器50。
雷射振盪器30射出之脈衝雷射光線LB,由衰減器38調整至適當的輸出(例如脈衝能量為12~15μJ),被第一鏡片40反射,入射至半波板42。入射至半波板42之脈衝雷射光線LB,其相對於第一偏光分光器48偏光面為P偏光之P偏光成分的光量,與相對於第一偏光分光器48偏光面為S偏光之S偏光成分的光量,由半波板42作適當(例如均等)調整,入射至分歧部34之第一偏光分光器48。
並且,入射至第一偏光分光器48之脈衝雷射光線LB當中,P偏光成分會穿透,作為第一脈衝雷射光線LB1導向第一光路44,且S偏光成分會反射,作為第二脈衝雷射光線LB2導向第二光路46。導向第一光路44之第一脈衝雷射光線LB1筆直前進,入射至第二偏光分光器50;導向第二光路46之第二脈衝雷射光線LB2則被第二鏡片54及第三鏡片56反射,入射至第二偏光分光器50。
相對於第二偏光分光器50,偏光面亦為P偏光之第一脈衝雷射光線LB1穿透第二偏光分光器50,導向聚光器32。另外,相對於第二偏光分光器50,偏光面亦為S偏光之第二脈衝雷射光線LB2被第二偏光分光器50反射,導向聚光器32。如圖2所示,藉由可用電動汽缸等所構成之分歧間隔調整手段52,來調整第二偏光分光器50之位置,使得第二偏光分光器50之X軸方向位置與第一偏光分光器48之X軸方向位置僅有些許差異。藉此,入射至第二偏光分光器50之第一脈衝雷射光線LB1及第二脈衝雷射光線LB2,於X軸方向互相間隔,導向聚光器32。如此本實施形態之分歧部34,將雷射振盪器30振盪出之脈衝雷射光線LB分歧成第一脈衝雷射光線LB1及第二脈衝雷射光線LB2,於X軸方向間隔地產生2個聚光點。
參照圖2及圖3,針對雷射光線照射單元6之遮罩部36進行說明。如圖2所示,遮罩部36配設於分歧部34之第二偏光分光器50與聚光器32之間。此外,遮罩部36可配設於雷射振盪器30與聚光器32之間,亦可配設於分歧部34的更上游側。如圖3所示,遮罩部36包含:一對遮罩片58,於Y軸方向互相間隔配置;一對間隙調整手段60(圖2中省略記載),使一對遮罩片58於Y軸方向移動。並且,在遮罩部36中,用可由電動汽缸等所構成之各間隙調整手段60來調整遮罩片58間的間隙,藉以將第一脈衝雷射光線LB1及第二脈衝雷射光線LB2各自的聚光點往Y軸方向縮小,維持在晶圓之分割預定線的寬度。
參照圖1針對X軸進給機構8進行說明。X軸進給機構8具有:滾珠螺桿62,與X軸方向可動板14連結,並於X軸方向延伸;及馬達64,使滾珠螺桿62旋轉。且X軸進給機構8,藉由滾珠螺桿62將馬達64之旋轉運動變換成直線運動,往X軸方向可動板14傳達,使X軸方向可動板14沿著基台12上之導軌12a,對於雷射光線照射單元6相對地於X軸方向加工進給。
Y軸進給機構10具有:滾珠螺桿66,與Y軸方向可動板16連結,並於Y軸方向延伸;及馬達68,使滾珠螺桿66旋轉。並且,Y軸進給機構10藉由滾珠螺桿66將馬達68之旋轉運動變換成直線運動,往Y軸方向可動板16傳達,使Y軸方向可動板16沿著X軸方向可動板14上之導軌14a,對於雷射光線照射單元6相對地於Y軸方向分度進給。
另外,如圖1所示,框體28之前端下表面,裝設有上述聚光器32,而且用以拍攝卡盤台22所保持的晶圓來檢測需雷射加工區域之攝像單元70,係和聚光器32(為求方便,圖2中用聚光透鏡表示聚光器32)間隔地設置於X軸方向。
圖4表示藉由如同上述雷射加工裝置2使內部形成改質層之圓盤狀的晶圓72。以矽等作為素材之晶圓72的正面72a,由寬度較窄(例如10μm左右)的格子狀分割預定線74劃分成多個矩形區域。這些多個矩形區域分別形成有IC、LSI等元件76。另外,在本實施形態中,晶圓72之背面72b貼有周緣與環狀框架78固定的黏著膠膜80。此外,圖式僅為示意圖,分割預定線74之寬度等各部尺寸,為求方便,予以誇大表示。
利用上述之雷射加工裝置2,沿著分割預定線74於晶圓72的內部形成改質層形成之際,首先,讓晶圓72之正面72a向上,用卡盤台22的上表面吸引保持晶圓72。另外,用多個夾具26固定環狀框架78。接著,用攝像單元70從上方拍攝晶圓72,依據攝像單元70所拍攝之晶圓72的影像,來檢測應雷射加工區域即格子狀分割預定線74之配置或寬度等。接著,使X軸進給機構8、Y軸進給機構10及卡盤台用馬達適當地作動,使分割預定線74與X軸方向一致,並且使與X軸方向一致之分割預定線74定位於聚光器32的下方。接著,用聚光點位置調整手段使聚光器32升降,將聚光點定位於對應分割預定線74之晶圓72的內部。
接著,依據檢測出之分割預定線74的寬度,藉由遮罩部36之間隙調整手段60來調整遮罩片58間的間隙,如圖5所示,使晶圓72之正面72a當中第一脈衝雷射光線LB1之聚光點S1及第二脈衝雷射光線LB2之聚光點S2往Y軸方向縮小,維持在分割預定線74之寬度。例如,分割預定線74之寬度為10μm左右的情形,則將聚光點S1及S2之Y軸方向的寬度縮小為7~8μm左右。因此,雷射振盪器30射出之脈衝雷射光線LB的剖面雖為圓形,但聚光點S1及S2,各自的Y軸方向之寬度縮小,變成Y軸方向尺寸小於X軸方向尺寸之楕圓般形狀。
另外,較適宜為藉由分歧部34之分歧間隔調整手段52來調整第二偏光分光器50之位置,將聚光點S1之中心C1與聚光點S2之中心C2的X軸方向之間隔,設定成讓相鄰改質層於X軸方向伸展的裂縫相連結之間隔。藉由這種設定,使由第一脈衝雷射光線LB1所形成之改質層,與由第二脈衝雷射光線LB2所形成之改質層,經由各自的改質層伸展出之裂縫而連結,所以更容易將晶圓72分割成各個元件76。在本實施形態中如圖5所示,2個聚光點S1及S2之中心間隔設定成5~6μm左右,聚光點S1及S2在X軸方向部分重疊。
如同上述,調整遮罩片58間的間隙,並且調整第二偏光分光器50之位置後,使卡盤台22對於聚光器32相對地以適當加工進給速度於X軸方向加工進給,並且將對晶圓72具穿透性波長之脈衝雷射光線LB,以適當重複頻率自雷射振盪器30射出。如此,雷射振盪器30所射出之脈衝雷射光線LB,在分歧部34中,第一脈衝雷射光線LB1與第二脈衝雷射光線LB2於X軸方向間隔地被分歧,接著,在遮罩部36中,第一脈衝雷射光線LB1之聚光點S1及第二脈衝雷射光線LB2之聚光點S2往Y軸方向縮小,而從聚光器32往晶圓72照射。晶圓72之正面72a當中的聚光點S1及S2之Y軸方向的寬度,比分割預定線74之寬度更狹窄,所以第一脈衝雷射光線LB1及第二脈衝雷射光線LB2不會照射在晶圓72之正面72a所形成的元件76,不會讓元件76受損傷。如此,來施以以下改質層形成加工:將第一脈衝雷射光線LB1及第二脈衝雷射光線LB2沿著分割預定線74照射在晶圓72,沿著分割預定線74於晶圓72的內部形成強度低下之改質層(未圖示),並且由改質層伸展出裂縫。
施行改質層形成加工之際,2個聚光點S1及S2的間隔為5~6μm左右,令X軸進給機構8之相對加工進給速度為V(mm/s),令重複頻率為R(kHz),則較佳為:聚光點的間隔×1.4≦V/R≦聚光點的間隔×2(例如,令聚光點S1及S2的間隔5μm,令重複頻率為60kHz,則加工進給速度V為420~600mm/s)。藉此,讓由最初的第一脈衝雷射光線LB1及第二脈衝雷射光線LB2所形成之改質層及裂縫,和由接下來的第一脈衝雷射光線LB1及第二脈衝雷射光線LB2所形成之改質層及裂縫相連結。從而,沿著分割預定線74於晶圓72的內部形成之改質層及裂縫,因自分割預定線74之一端部連結到另一端部,更容易將晶圓72分割成具有各個元件76之晶片。
並且,以分割預定線74之Y軸方向的間隔量,一邊使卡盤台22對於聚光器32相對地於Y軸方向分度進給,一邊重複進行改質層形成加工,進而沿著所有與X軸方向一致之分割預定線74,於晶圓72的內部形成改質層。接著,讓卡盤台22旋轉90度,再交互重複進行改質層形成加工與分度進給,進而沿著所有已先形成改質層之第1方向的分割預定線74所正交之第2方向的分割預定線74,於晶圓72的內部形成改質層。
如上所述,在本實施形態中,晶圓72之正面72a當中聚光點S1及S2之Y軸方向的寬度比分割預定線74的寬度更狹窄,所以第一脈衝雷射光線LB1及第二脈衝雷射光線LB2不會照射在晶圓72之正面72a所形成之元件76,即使將聚光點定位於10μm左右的較窄寬度之分割預定線74的內部,照射第一脈衝雷射光線LB1及第二脈衝雷射光線LB2來形成改質層,也不會讓元件76受損傷。
此外,在本實施形態中,使脈衝雷射光線LB分歧成第一脈衝雷射光線LB1及第二脈衝雷射光線LB2而產生2個聚光點S1及S2,雖以此實施例說明,但亦可設置多個分歧部34等,而產生3個以上之聚光點。
在此,說明利用上述雷射加工裝置使晶圓的內部形成改質層情形下的適當加工條件。本案發明人,在下述實驗條件之範圍內進行多次於晶圓的內部形成改質層之實驗,發現了形成良好改質層之下述的較佳加工條件。在下述的較佳加工條件之範圍中,會於晶圓的內部形成良好的改質層,所以可沿著分割預定線將晶圓正確分割成各個元件。 ﹝實驗條件﹞ 脈衝雷射光線之波長:1064nm 重複頻率R:60kHz 平均輸出:0~1W 分歧前的脈衝雷射光線之脈衝能量:0~16.7μJ 第一脈衝雷射光線之脈衝能量:0~8.3μJ 第二脈衝雷射光線之脈衝能量:0~8.3μJ 加工進給速度V:0~1000mm/s V/R:0~16.7μm ﹝較佳加工條件﹞ 脈衝雷射光線之波長:1064nm 重複頻率R:60kHz 平均輸出:0.72~0.9W 分歧前的脈衝雷射光線之脈衝能量:12~15μJ 第一脈衝雷射光線之脈衝能量:6~7.5μJ 第二脈衝雷射光線之脈衝能量:6~7.5μJ 加工進給速度V:420~720mm/s V/R:7~12μm
2‧‧‧雷射加工裝置 4‧‧‧保持單元 6‧‧‧雷射光線照射單元 8‧‧‧X軸進給機構 10‧‧‧Y軸進給機構 30‧‧‧雷射振盪器 32‧‧‧聚光器 34‧‧‧分歧部 36‧‧‧遮罩部 72‧‧‧晶圓 72a‧‧‧晶圓之正面 72b‧‧‧晶圓之背面 74‧‧‧分割預定線 76‧‧‧元件
圖1係本發明實施形態之雷射加工裝置的立體圖。
圖2係圖1所示之雷射光線照射單元的方塊圖。
圖3係圖2所示之遮罩部的俯視圖。
圖4係晶圓之立體圖。
圖5係晶圓正面之分割預定線上、脈衝雷射光線之聚光點的示意圖。
6‧‧‧雷射光線照射單元
30‧‧‧雷射振盪器
32‧‧‧聚光器
34‧‧‧分歧部
36‧‧‧遮罩部
38‧‧‧衰減器
40‧‧‧第一鏡片
42‧‧‧半波板
44‧‧‧第一光路
46‧‧‧第二光路
48‧‧‧第一偏光分光器
50‧‧‧第二偏光分光器
52‧‧‧分歧間隔調整手段
54‧‧‧第二鏡片
56‧‧‧第三鏡片
58‧‧‧遮罩片
72‧‧‧晶圓
LB、LB1、LB2‧‧‧脈衝雷射光線、第1脈衝雷射光線、第2脈衝雷射光線
S1、S2‧‧‧聚光點

Claims (4)

  1. 一種雷射加工裝置,在由相互交叉的多條分割預定線所劃分而在正面形成有多個元件之晶圓的內部,形成改質層;該雷射加工裝置具備:卡盤台,保持晶圓;雷射光線照射單元,對該卡盤台所保持之晶圓照射脈衝雷射光線,在晶圓的內部形成改質層;X軸進給機構,使該卡盤台與該雷射光線照射單元相對地於X軸方向加工進給;及Y軸進給機構,使該卡盤台與該雷射光線照射單元相對地於X軸方向所正交之Y軸方向分度進給;該雷射光線照射單元包含:雷射振盪器,射出對晶圓具有穿透性波長之脈衝雷射光線;聚光器,將該雷射振盪器射出之脈衝雷射光線聚光於該卡盤台所保持之晶圓;分歧部,配設於該雷射振盪器與該聚光器之間,使該雷射振盪器射出之脈衝雷射光線分歧,在X軸方向產生至少2個聚光點;及遮罩部,配設於該雷射振盪器與該聚光器之間,將該雷射振盪器射出之脈衝雷射光線的聚光點往Y軸方向縮小,維持在該分割預定線的寬度,該遮罩部包含:一對遮罩片,於Y軸方向互相間隔配置;及一對間隙調整手段,使該一對遮罩片於Y軸方向移動;其中,用該一對間隙調整手段來調整該一對遮罩片間的間隙,藉以將脈衝雷射光線的聚光點往Y軸方向縮小,維持在該分割預定線的寬度。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之雷射加工裝置,其中,分歧成至少2個聚光點的間隔,係設定成讓相鄰改質層於X軸方向伸展的裂縫相連結之間隔。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第2項所述之雷射加工裝置,其中,分歧前的脈衝雷射光線之脈衝能量為12~15μJ,脈衝雷射光線由該分歧部分歧成2個聚光點。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第3項所述之雷射加工裝置,其中,2個聚光點的間隔為5~6μm,令該X軸進給機構之相對加工進給速度為V(mm/s),令重複頻率為R(kHz),則聚光點的間隔×1.4≦V/R≦聚光點的間隔×2。
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