CN110625275A - 激光加工装置 - Google Patents

激光加工装置 Download PDF

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CN110625275A
CN110625275A CN201910526976.5A CN201910526976A CN110625275A CN 110625275 A CN110625275 A CN 110625275A CN 201910526976 A CN201910526976 A CN 201910526976A CN 110625275 A CN110625275 A CN 110625275A
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laser beam
wafer
axis direction
laser
condenser
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古田健次
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Disco Corp
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
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    • B23K26/067Dividing the beam into multiple beams, e.g. multifocusing
    • B23K26/0676Dividing the beam into multiple beams, e.g. multifocusing into dependently operating sub-beams, e.g. an array of spots with fixed spatial relationship or for performing simultaneously identical operations
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    • B23K26/50Working by transmitting the laser beam through or within the workpiece
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Abstract

提供激光加工装置,即使将聚光点定位于比较窄的分割预定线的内部而照射激光光线以形成改质层,也不会使器件损伤。激光加工装置的激光光线照射单元(6)包含:激光振荡器(30),其射出对于晶片(72)具有透过性的波长的脉冲激光光线(LB);聚光器(32),其使激光振荡器(30)射出的脉冲激光光线(LB)会聚于卡盘工作台(4)所保持的晶片(72);分支部(34),其配设在激光振荡器(30)与聚光器(32)之间,对激光振荡器(30)射出的脉冲激光光线(LB)进行分支而在X轴方向上生成至少两个聚光光斑;以及掩模部(36),其配设在激光振荡器(30)与聚光器(32)之间,使激光振荡器(30)射出的脉冲激光光线(LB)的聚光光斑在Y轴方向上缩小而收敛在分割预定线(74)的宽度内。

Description

激光加工装置
技术领域
本发明涉及激光加工装置,该激光加工装置在由相互交叉的多条分割预定线划分而在正面上形成有多个器件的晶片的内部形成改质层。
背景技术
由相互交叉的多条分割预定线划分而在正面上形成有IC、LSI等多个器件的晶片通过切割装置(划片机)分割成各个器件芯片,分割得到的器件芯片被用于移动电话、个人计算机等电子设备。
提出了如下的技术:将激光光线的聚光点定位于分割预定线的内部而对晶片照射激光光线,沿着分割预定线在晶片的内部形成改质层而将晶片分割成各个器件芯片(例如,参照专利文献1)。上述技术具有能够使分割预定线的宽度例如从50μm窄至10μm而从一张晶片生产多个器件芯片的优点。
专利文献1:日本特许第3408805号公报
但是,当从晶片的正面照射激光光线而在内部形成聚光点时,存在如下的问题:照射至正面的激光光线的光斑被定位成超过分割预定线的宽度,从而损伤与分割预定线相邻的器件。
另外,当从晶片的背面向与分割预定线对应的区域将激光光线的聚光点定位于内部而对晶片照射激光光线时,存在如下的问题:形成了改质层后的漏光会损伤形成在正面上的器件。
发明内容
由此,本发明的目的在于提供激光加工装置,即使将聚光点定位于比较窄的分割预定线的内部而照射激光光线以形成改质层,也不会损伤器件。
根据本发明,提供激光加工装置,其在由相互交叉的多条分割预定线划分而在正面上形成有多个器件的晶片的内部形成改质层,其中,该激光加工装置具有:卡盘工作台,其对晶片进行保持;激光光线照射单元,其对该卡盘工作台所保持的晶片照射脉冲激光光线而在晶片的内部形成改质层;X轴进给机构,其将该卡盘工作台和该激光光线照射单元在X轴方向上相对地进行加工进给;以及Y轴进给机构,其将该卡盘工作台和该激光光线照射单元在与X轴方向垂直的Y轴方向上相对地进行分度进给,该激光光线照射单元包含:激光振荡器,其射出对于晶片具有透过性的波长的脉冲激光光线;聚光器,其使该激光振荡器射出的脉冲激光光线会聚于该卡盘工作台所保持的晶片;分支部,其配设在该激光振荡器与该聚光器之间,对该激光振荡器射出的脉冲激光光线进行分支而在X轴方向上生成至少两个聚光光斑;以及掩模部,其配设在该激光振荡器与该聚光器之间,使该激光振荡器射出的脉冲激光光线的聚光光斑在Y轴方向上缩小而收敛在该分割预定线的宽度内。
优选至少分支成两个的聚光光斑的间隔被设定成使相邻的改质层的在X轴方向上伸展的裂纹连结起来的间隔。优选分支前的脉冲激光光线的脉冲能量为12μJ~15μJ,脉冲激光光线被该分支部分支成两个聚光光斑。优选当两个聚光光斑的间隔为5μm~6μm,基于该X轴进给机构的相对加工进给速度为V(mm/s),重复频率为R(kHz)时,聚光光斑的间隔×1.4≤V/R≤聚光光斑的间隔×2。
根据本发明,即使将聚光点定位于比较窄的分割预定线的内部而照射激光光线以形成改质层,也不会损伤器件。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施方式的激光加工装置的立体图。
图2是图1所示的激光光线照射单元的框图。
图3是图2所示的掩模部的俯视图。
图4是晶片的立体图。
图5是晶片正面的分割预定线上的脉冲激光光线的聚光光斑的示意图。
标号说明
2:激光加工装置;4:保持单元;6:激光光线照射单元;8:X轴进给机构;10:Y轴进给机构;30:激光振荡器;32:聚光器;34:分支部;36:掩模部;72:晶片;72a:晶片的正面;72b:晶片的背面;74:分割预定线;76:器件。
具体实施方式
以下,参照附图对本发明实施方式的激光加工装置进行说明。
图1所示的激光加工装置2包含:保持单元4,其对晶片进行保持;激光光线照射单元6,其对保持单元4所保持的晶片照射脉冲激光光线而在晶片的内部形成改质层;X轴进给机构8,其将保持单元4和激光光线照射单元6在X轴方向上相对地进行加工进给;以及Y轴进给机构10,其将保持单元4和激光光线照射单元6在与X轴方向交叉的Y轴方向上相对地进行分度进给。另外,X轴方向是图1中箭头X所示的方向,Y轴方向是图1中箭头Y所示的方向,是与X轴方向垂直的方向。另外,由X轴方向和Y轴方向所限定的XY平面实质上是水平的。
如图1所示,保持单元4包含:X轴方向可动板14,其在X轴方向上移动自如地搭载于基台12上;Y轴方向可动板16,其在Y轴方向上移动自如地搭载于X轴方向可动板14上;支柱18,其固定于Y轴方向可动板16的上表面上;以及罩板20,其固定于支柱18的上端。在罩板20上形成有沿Y轴方向延伸的长孔20a,通过长孔20a而向上方延伸的卡盘工作台22旋转自如地搭载于支柱18的上端。卡盘工作台22通过内置于支柱18的卡盘工作台用电动机(未图示)进行旋转。在卡盘工作台22的上端部分配置有与吸引构件(未图示)连接的多孔质的圆形的吸附卡盘24,在卡盘工作台22中,利用吸引构件在吸附卡盘24的上表面上生成吸引力,对载置于上表面的晶片进行吸引保持。另外,在卡盘工作台22的周缘沿周向隔开间隔而配置有多个夹具26。
参照图1和图2,对激光光线照射单元6进行说明。如图1所示,激光光线照射单元6包含框体28,该框体28从基台12的上表面向上方延伸,接着实质上水平延伸。如图2所示,在该框体28中配设有:激光振荡器30,其射出对于晶片具有透过性的波长的脉冲激光光线LB;聚光器32,其使激光振荡器30射出的脉冲激光光线LB会聚至保持单元4所保持的晶片上;分支部34,其配设在激光振荡器30与聚光器32之间,对激光振荡器30射出的脉冲激光光线LB进行分支而在X轴方向上生成至少两个聚光光斑;以及掩模部36,其配设在激光振荡器30(在本实施方式中为分支部34)与聚光器32之间,使激光振荡器30射出的脉冲激光光线LB的聚光光斑在Y轴方向上缩小而收敛在分割预定线的宽度内。
如图2所示,在本实施方式中,激光光线照射单元6还具有:衰减器38,其对激光振荡器30射出的脉冲激光光线LB的输出进行调整;第一反射镜40,其对通过衰减器38调整了输出的脉冲激光光线LB进行反射而导入至分支部34;1/2波长板42,其配置在第一反射镜40与分支部34之间;以及聚光点位置调整构件(未图示),其对脉冲激光光线LB的聚光点的上下方向位置进行调整。
参照图2继续进行说明,本实施方式的分支部34包含:第一偏振分束器48,其对透过1/2波长板42的脉冲激光光线LB进行分支而将第一脉冲激光光线LB1导入至第一光路44,并且将第二脉冲激光光线LB2导入至第二光路46;第二偏振分束器50,其将第一脉冲激光光线LB1和第二脉冲激光光线LB2在X轴方向上隔开间隔而导入至聚光器32;分支间隔调整构件52,其使第二偏振分束器50在X轴方向上移动而对第一脉冲激光光线LB1与第二脉冲激光光线LB2之间的X轴方向的分支间隔进行调整;以及第二反射镜54和第三反射镜56,它们对导入至第二光路46的第二脉冲激光光线LB2进行反射而导入至第二偏振分束器50。
激光振荡器30射出的脉冲激光光线LB被衰减器38调整为适当的输出(例如,脉冲能量为12~15μJ),并被第一反射镜40反射而入射至1/2波长板42。入射至1/2波长板42的脉冲激光光线LB通过1/2波长板42而被适当(例如均等)调整为偏振面相对于第一偏振分束器48为P偏振光的P偏振光成分的光量和偏振面相对于第一偏振分束器48为S偏振光的S偏振光成分的光量,并入射至分支部34的第一偏振分束器48。
然后,入射至第一偏振分束器48的脉冲激光光线LB中的P偏振光成分透过而作为第一脉冲激光光线LB1导入至第一光路44,并且S偏振光成分发生反射而作为第二脉冲激光光线LB2导入至第二光路46。导入至第一光路44的第一脉冲激光光线LB1直行而入射至第二偏振分束器50,导入至第二光路46的第二脉冲激光光线LB2被第二反射镜54和第三反射镜56反射而入射至第二偏振分束器50。
偏振面相对于第二偏振分束器50也为P偏振光的第一脉冲激光光线LB1透过第二偏振分束器50而导入至聚光器32。另外,偏振面相对于第二偏振分束器50也为S偏振光的第二脉冲激光光线LB2被第二偏振分束器50反射而导入至聚光器32。如图2所示,通过可由电动气缸等构成的分支间隔调整构件52对第二偏振分束器50的位置进行调整,以使第二偏振分束器50的X轴方向位置和第一偏振分束器48的X轴方向位置略微不同。由此,入射至第二偏振分束器50的第一脉冲激光光线LB1和第二脉冲激光光线LB2彼此在X轴方向上隔开间隔而导入至聚光器32。这样,本实施方式的分支部34将激光振荡器30所振荡出的脉冲激光光线LB分支成第一脉冲激光光线LB1和第二脉冲激光光线LB2,从而在X轴方向上隔开间隔而生成两个聚光光斑。
参照图2和图3,对激光光线照射单元6的掩模部36进行说明。如图2所示,掩模部36配设在分支部34的第二偏振分束器50与聚光器32之间。另外,掩模部36只要配设在激光振荡器30与聚光器32之间即可,也可以配设在比分支部34靠上游侧的位置。如图3所示,掩模部36包含:一对掩模片58,它们彼此在Y轴方向上隔开间隔而配置;以及一对间隙调整构件60,它们使一对掩模片58在Y轴方向上移动(在图2中省略了记载)。并且,在掩模部36中,利用可由电动气缸等构成的各间隙调整构件60对掩模片58之间的间隙进行调整,从而使第一脉冲激光光线LB1和第二脉冲激光光线LB2的聚光光斑分别在Y轴方向上缩小而收敛在晶片的分割预定线的宽度内。
参照图1,对X轴进给机构8进行说明。X轴进给机构8具有:滚珠丝杠62,其与X轴方向可动板14连结,沿X轴方向延伸;以及电动机64,其使滚珠丝杠62旋转。并且,X轴进给机构8通过滚珠丝杠62将电动机64的旋转运动转换成直线运动而传递至X轴方向可动板14,使X轴方向可动板14沿着基台12上的导轨12a在X轴方向上相对于激光光线照射单元6相对地进行加工进给。
Y轴进给机构10具有:滚珠丝杠66,其与Y轴方向可动板16连结,沿Y轴方向延伸;以及电动机68,其使滚珠丝杠66旋转。并且,Y轴进给机构10通过滚珠丝杠66将电动机68的旋转运动转换成直线运动而传递至Y轴方向可动板16,使Y轴方向可动板16沿着X轴方向可动板14上的导轨14a在Y轴方向上相对于激光光线照射单元6相对地进行分度进给。
另外,如图1所示,在框体28的前端下表面安装有上述聚光器32,并且与聚光器32(为了方便而在图2中用聚光透镜表示聚光器32)沿X轴方向隔开间隔地安装有拍摄单元70,该拍摄单元70用于对卡盘工作台22所保持的晶片进行拍摄而对要进行激光加工的区域进行检测。
在图4中示出了通过如上所述的激光加工装置2在内部形成改质层的圆盘状的晶片72。以硅等为原材料的晶片72的正面72a由宽度比较窄(例如10μm左右)的格子状的分割预定线74划分成多个矩形区域。在这些多个矩形区域中分别形成有IC、LSI等器件76。另外,在本实施方式中,将晶片72的背面72b粘贴于周缘固定在环状框架78的粘接带80上。另外,附图仅为示意图,为了方便而夸张地表示分割预定线74的宽度等各部分的尺寸。
在使用上述的激光加工装置2沿着分割预定线74在晶片72的内部形成改质层时,首先使晶片72的正面72a朝上而利用卡盘工作台22的上表面对晶片72进行吸引保持。另外,利用多个夹具26对环状框架78进行固定。接着,利用拍摄单元70从上方对晶片72进行拍摄,根据拍摄单元70所拍摄的晶片72的图像而对作为要进行激光加工的区域的格子状的分割预定线74的配置或宽度等进行检测。接着,使X轴进给机构8、Y轴进给机构10以及卡盘工作台用电动机适当地进行动作而使分割预定线74与X轴方向一致,并且将与X轴方向一致的分割预定线74定位于聚光器32的下方。接着,利用聚光点位置调整构件使聚光器32升降,将聚光点定位于与分割预定线74相对应的晶片72的内部。
接着,根据所检测的分割预定线74的宽度,通过掩模部36的间隙调整构件60,对掩模片58之间的间隙进行调整,如图5所示,使晶片72的正面72a上的第一脉冲激光光线LB1的聚光光斑S1和第二脉冲激光光线LB2的聚光光斑S2在Y轴方向上缩小而收敛在分割预定线74的宽度内。例如,在分割预定线74的宽度为10μm左右的情况下,使聚光光斑S1和S2的Y轴方向的宽度缩小至7μm~8μm左右。因此,虽然激光振荡器30射出的脉冲激光光线LB的剖面为圆形状,但聚光光斑S1和S2各自的Y轴方向的宽度缩小而成为Y轴方向尺寸比X轴方向尺寸小的椭圆形状。
另外,优选通过分支部34的分支间隔调整构件52对第二偏振分束器50的位置进行调整而将聚光光斑S1的中心C1与聚光光斑S2的中心C2之间的X轴方向的间隔设定成使相邻的改质层的在X轴方向上伸展的裂纹连结起来的间隔。通过这样进行设定,将通过第一脉冲激光光线LB1形成的改质层和通过第二脉冲激光光线LB2形成的改质层经由从各个改质层伸展的裂纹而连结起来,因此更容易将晶片72分割成各个器件76。在本实施方式中,如图5所示,将两个聚光光斑S1和S2的中心间隔设定成5μm~6μm左右,聚光光斑S1和S2在X轴方向上局部重叠。
如上所述,在对掩模片58之间的间隙进行调整并且对第二偏振分束器50的位置进行调整之后,一边使卡盘工作台22按照适当的加工进给速度相对于聚光器32在X轴方向上相对地进行加工进给,一边按照适当的重复频率从激光振荡器30射出对于晶片72具有透过性的波长的脉冲激光光线LB。于是,激光振荡器30射出的脉冲激光光线LB在分支部34中沿X轴方向隔开间隔而分支成第一脉冲激光光线LB1和第二脉冲激光光线LB2,接着,在掩模部36中使第一脉冲激光光线LB1的聚光光斑S1和第二脉冲激光光线LB2的聚光光斑S2在Y轴方向上缩小,然后从聚光器32照射至晶片72。晶片72的正面72a上的聚光光斑S1和S2的Y轴方向的宽度比分割预定线74的宽度窄,因此第一脉冲激光光线LB1和第二脉冲激光光线LB2不会照射到形成于晶片72的正面72a的器件76上,不会使器件76损伤。这样,实施如下的改质层形成加工:沿着分割预定线74对晶片72照射第一脉冲激光光线LB1和第二脉冲激光光线LB2,沿着分割预定线74在晶片72的内部形成强度降低的改质层(未图示),并且使裂纹从改质层伸展。
在实施改质层形成加工时,当两个聚光光斑S1和S2之间的间隔为5μm~6μm左右,基于X轴进给机构8的相对加工进给速度为V(mm/s),重复频率为R(kHz)时,
优选聚光光斑的间隔×1.4≤V/R≤聚光光斑的间隔×2(例如,当将聚光光斑S1和S2之间的间隔设为5μm、将重复频率设为60kHz时,加工进给速度V为420mm/s~600mm/s)。由此,通过最初的第一脉冲激光光线LB1和第二脉冲激光光线LB2形成的改质层和裂纹及通过接下来的第一脉冲激光光线LB1和第二脉冲激光光线LB2形成的改质层和裂纹会连结起来。因此,沿着分割预定线74在晶片72的内部形成的改质层和裂纹从分割预定线74的一端部连结至另一端部,因此更容易将晶片72分割成各个具有器件76的芯片。
并且,一边使卡盘工作台22相对于聚光器32在Y轴方向上按照分割预定线74的Y轴方向的间隔相对地进行分度进给,一边重复进行改质层形成加工,从而沿着与X轴方向一致的所有分割预定线74,在晶片72的内部形成改质层。接着,在使卡盘工作台22旋转90度之后,交替地重复进行改质层形成加工和分度进给,从而沿着与之前形成了改质层的第一方向的分割预定线74垂直的第二方向的所有分割预定线74,在晶片72的内部形成改质层。
如上所述,在本实施方式中,由于晶片72的正面72a上的聚光光斑S1和S2的Y轴方向的宽度比分割预定线74的宽度窄,因此第一脉冲激光光线LB1和第二脉冲激光光线LB2不会照射到形成于晶片72的正面72a的器件76上,即使将聚光点定位于10μm左右的宽度比较窄的分割预定线74的内部而照射第一脉冲激光光线LB1和第二脉冲激光光线LB2以形成改质层,也不会使器件76损伤。
另外,在本实施方式中,对将脉冲激光光线LB分支成第一脉冲激光光线LB1和第二脉冲激光光线LB2而生成两个聚光光斑S1和S2的例子进行了说明,但也可以通过设置多个分支部34等而生成三个以上的聚光光斑。
这里,对使用上述的激光加工装置在晶片的内部形成改质层的情况下的优选加工条件进行说明。本发明人在下述实验条件的范围内进行了多次在晶片的内部形成改质层的实验,发现了形成良好的改质层的下述优选加工条件。在下述优选加工条件的范围内,能够在晶片的内部形成良好的改质层,因此能够沿着分割预定线将晶片适当地分割成各个器件。
[实验条件]
[优选加工条件]

Claims (4)

1.一种激光加工装置,其在由相互交叉的多条分割预定线划分而在正面上形成有多个器件的晶片的内部形成改质层,其中,
该激光加工装置具有:
卡盘工作台,其对晶片进行保持;
激光光线照射单元,其对该卡盘工作台所保持的晶片照射脉冲激光光线而在晶片的内部形成改质层;
X轴进给机构,其将该卡盘工作台和该激光光线照射单元在X轴方向上相对地进行加工进给;以及
Y轴进给机构,其将该卡盘工作台和该激光光线照射单元在与X轴方向垂直的Y轴方向上相对地进行分度进给,
该激光光线照射单元包含:
激光振荡器,其射出对于晶片具有透过性的波长的脉冲激光光线;
聚光器,其使该激光振荡器射出的脉冲激光光线会聚于该卡盘工作台所保持的晶片;
分支部,其配设在该激光振荡器与该聚光器之间,对该激光振荡器射出的脉冲激光光线进行分支而在X轴方向上生成至少两个聚光光斑;以及
掩模部,其配设在该激光振荡器与该聚光器之间,使该激光振荡器射出的脉冲激光光线的聚光光斑在Y轴方向上缩小而收敛在该分割预定线的宽度内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的激光加工装置,其中,
至少分支成两个的聚光光斑的间隔被设定成使相邻的改质层的在X轴方向上伸展的裂纹连结起来的间隔。
3.根据权利要求2所述的激光加工装置,其中,
分支前的脉冲激光光线的脉冲能量为12μJ~15μJ,脉冲激光光线被该分支部分支成两个聚光光斑。
4.根据权利要求3所述的激光加工装置,其中,
当两个聚光光斑的间隔为5μm~6μm,基于该X轴进给机构的相对加工进给速度为V(mm/s),重复频率为R(kHz)时,
聚光光斑的间隔×1.4≤V/R≤聚光光斑的间隔×2。
CN201910526976.5A 2018-06-20 2019-06-18 激光加工装置 Active CN110625275B (zh)

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