TWI786050B - Bet抑制劑之結晶固體形式 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本申請係關於諸如BRD2、BRD3、BRD4及BRD-t之BET蛋白抑制劑之結晶固體形式,包括其製備方法及用於其製備之中間物,其中該化合物適用於治療諸如癌症之疾病。
Description
本申請係關於2,2,4-三甲基-8-(6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-4-基)-6-(甲磺醯基)-2H-苯并[b][1,4]噁嗪-3(4H)-酮之結晶固體形式,其為諸如BRD2、BRD3、BRD4及BRD-t之BET蛋白抑制劑,包括其製備方法及用於其製備之中間物,其中該化合物適用於治療諸如癌症之疾病。
真核生物之基因體在細胞核中高度有序。DNA藉由在組蛋白之核周圍纏繞形成核小體而封裝於染色質中。該等核小體藉由聚集及摺疊進一步壓縮而形成高度緊密之染色質結構。可能存在各種不同之緊密狀態,且此結構之緊密性在細胞週期期間發生變化,在細胞分裂過程期間最緊致。染色質結構在藉由調節蛋白接近DNA來調節基因轉錄方面具有重要作用。染色質結構藉由一系列轉譯後修飾為組蛋白來控制,主要在延伸於核心核小體結構上方之組蛋白H3及H4之尾部中。該等可逆修飾包括乙醯化、甲基化、磷酸化、泛素化及SUMO化。該等表觀遺傳標記由修飾組蛋白尾部中之特異性殘基之特異性酶來寫入及擦除,由此形成表觀遺傳編碼。其他核蛋白結合至該等標記且經由調節染色質結構及基因轉錄來實現由此資訊規定之輸出。愈來愈多之證據將遺傳變化與編碼表觀遺傳修飾物及調節劑之基因聯繫在一起,在諸如神經退化性病症、代謝性疾病、發炎及癌症之疾病中產生異常組蛋白標記。
組蛋白乙醯化通常與基因轉錄活化相關,因為修飾使DNA與組蛋白之間之相互作用減弱,從而允許藉由轉錄機制更多地接近DNA。特異性蛋白結合至組蛋白中之乙醯化離胺酸殘基來「讀取」表觀遺傳編碼。稱為布羅莫結構域(bromodomain)之高度保守蛋白模組結合至組蛋白及其他蛋白上之乙醯化離胺酸殘基。人類基因體中具有60種以上含有布羅莫結構域之蛋白。
含有布羅莫結構域之蛋白的BET(布羅莫結構域及外末端)家族包含4種蛋白(BRD2、BRD3、BRD4及BRD-t),該4種蛋白共有含有能夠結合至組蛋白及其他蛋白之乙醯化離胺酸殘基之串聯N末端布羅莫結構域的保守結構組織。BRD2、BRD3及BRD4泛表現,而BRDt侷限於生殖細胞。BRD蛋白在調節基因轉錄及控制細胞生長中具有必需、但並非重疊之作用。BET蛋白與包括介體,PAFc及超級延伸複合物之大蛋白複合物相關,該等複合物調節基因轉錄之多個態樣。BRD2及BRD4蛋白已展示在有絲分裂期間保留在與染色體之複合物中且被需要用於促使引發細胞週期之重要基因(包括週期蛋白D及c-Myc)的轉錄(Mochizuki J Biol.Chem.2008 283:90 40-9048)。BRD4為將蛋白轉譯延伸因子B複合物募集至誘導基因啟動子所必需,從而導致RNA聚合酶II磷酸化且刺激有效基因轉錄及延伸(Jang等人.Mol.Cell 2005 19:523-534)。在一些情形下,BRD4之激酶活性可直接磷酸化及活化RNA聚合酶II(Devaiah等人,PNAS 2012 109:6927-6932)。缺少BRD4之細胞展示細胞週期之進展受損。BRD2及BRD3據報導與沿主動轉錄基因之組蛋白相關,且可能涉及促進轉錄延伸(Leroy等人,Mol.Cell.200 8 30:51-60)。除乙醯化組蛋白以外,已展示BET蛋白選擇性地結合至乙醯化轉錄因子,包括NF-kB及GATA1之RelA子單元,由此直接調節該等蛋白之轉錄活性從而控制在發炎及造血分化中涉及之基因的表達(Huang等人,
Mol.Cell.Biol.2009 29:1375-1387;Lamonica Proc.Nat.Acad.Sci.2011 108:E159-168)。
發現涉及具有BRD3或BRD4之NUT(睾丸中之核蛋白)的用以形成新穎融合致癌基因BRD-NUT之復發性移位係高度惡性形式之上皮贅瘤形成(French等人,Cancer Research 2003 63:304-307;French等人,Journal of Clinical Oncology 2004 22:4135-4139)。選擇性地切除此致癌基因恢復正常之細胞分化且逆轉致瘤表型(Filippakopoulos等人,Nature 2010 468:1068-1073)。遺傳性敲除BRD2、BRD3及BRD4已展示損害多種血液及實性腫瘤細胞之生長及活力(Zuber等人,Nature 2011 478:524-528;Delmore等人,Cell 2011 146:904-917)。除了在癌症中之作用以外,BET蛋白調節對細菌攻毒之發炎反應,且BRD2亞等位基因小鼠模型展示劇烈降低之發炎性細胞激素水準且防止肥胖誘發之糖尿病(Wang等人Biochem J.2009 425:71-83;Belkina等人.J.Immunol 2013)。另外,一些病毒利用該等BET蛋白將其基因體連接至宿主細胞染色質,作為病毒複製過程之部分或利用BET蛋白來促進病毒基因轉錄及抑制(You等人,Cell 2004 117:349-60;Zhu等人,Cell Reports 2012 2:807-816)。
BET蛋白之抑制劑目前正在研發中。例示性之BET蛋白抑制劑例如揭示於美國專利申請公開案No.2014/0275030、2015/0011540、2015/0148375、2015/0148342、2015/0148372、2015/0175604及2016/007572中。特定而言,BET-抑制化合物2,2,4-三甲基-8-(6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-4-基)-6-(甲磺醯基)-2H-苯并[b][1,4]噁嗪-3(4H)-酮描述於US 2015/0307493中。為研發藥物,通常有利的係採用就其製備、純化、再生性、穩定性、生物可用性及其他特徵而言具有有利特性之形式的藥物。
因此,本文提供之固體結晶形式之化合物有助於滿足研發用於治療疾病之BET抑制劑的持續需要。
本申請尤其提供BET蛋白抑制劑之結晶固體形式,其中該抑制劑為2,2,4-三甲基-8-(6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-4-基)-6-(甲磺醯基)-2H-苯并[b][1,4]噁嗪-3(4H)-酮。
本申請亦提供醫藥組合物,其包含2,2,4-三甲基-8-(6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-4-基)-6-(甲磺醯基)-2H-苯并[b][1,4]噁嗪-3(4H)-酮之結晶固體形式及至少一種醫藥學上可接受之載劑。
本申請亦提供使用2,2,4-三甲基-8-(6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-4-基)-6-(甲磺醯基)-2H-苯并[b][1,4]噁嗪-3(4H)-酮之結晶固體形式治療與BET蛋白活性相關之疾病及病症之方法。
此外,本申請提供製備2,2,4-三甲基-8-(6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-4-基)-6-(甲磺醯基)-2H-苯并[b][1,4]噁嗪-3(4H)-酮及其結晶固體形式之方法。
此外,本申請提供適用於合成2,2,4-三甲基-8-(6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-4-基)-6-(甲磺醯基)-2H-苯并[b][1,4]噁嗪-3(4H)-酮之中間化合物及其製備方法。
下文實施方式中陳述一或多個實施例之詳情。其他特徵、目標及優勢將由實施方式及申請專利範圍顯而易見。
圖1為I形式化合物1之X光粉末繞射(XRPD)圖案。
圖2為I形式化合物1之差示掃描熱量測定(DSC)溫譜圖。
圖3為I形式化合物1之熱重分析(TGA)溫譜圖。
圖4為II形式化合物1之XRPD圖案。
圖5為II形式化合物1之DSC溫譜圖。
圖6為II形式化合物1之TGA溫譜圖。
圖7為Ia形式化合物1之XRPD圖案。
圖8為III形式化合物1之XRPD圖案。
圖9為IV形式化合物1之XRPD圖案。
圖10為V形式化合物1之XRPD圖案。
圖11為Va形式化合物1之XRPD圖案。
圖12為VI形式化合物1之XRPD圖案。
圖13為VII形式化合物1之XRPD圖案。
圖14為VIII形式化合物1之XRPD圖案。
圖15為IX形式化合物1之XRPD圖案。
圖16為X形式化合物1之XRPD圖案。
圖17為XI形式化合物1之XRPD圖案。
圖18為XII形式化合物1之XRPD圖案。
圖19為XIII形式化合物1之XRPD圖案。
圖20為XIV形式化合物1之XRPD圖案。
圖21為XV形式化合物1之XRPD圖案。
本申請尤其提供BET蛋白抑制劑之結晶固體形式,其中該抑制劑為2,2,4-三甲基-8-(6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-4-基)-6-(甲磺醯基)-2H-苯并[b][1,4]噁嗪-3(4H)-酮(參見下文),本文中稱為「化合物1」:
通常,相同物質之不同結晶形式關於例如吸濕性、溶解度、穩定性及其類似方面具有不同之總體特性。具有高熔點之形式常具有良好之熱力學穩定性,其有利於延長含有固體形式之藥物調配物之儲放時限。具有較低熔點之形式常在熱力學上較不穩定,但有利之處在於其具有增加之水溶性,轉變為增加之藥物生物可用性。吸濕性較弱之形式有利於其對熱及濕度之穩定性且在長期儲存期間抵抗降解。無水形式常為有利的,因為其無需考慮由於溶劑或水含量變化引起之重量或組成變化即可持續製備。另一方面,水合或溶劑合形式之有利之處可在於其較不可能具有吸濕性且在儲存條件下對濕度可展示改良之穩定性。
本發明之結晶固體形式可包括溶劑,諸如水(例如,水合形式)或實質上不含水及溶劑(例如,形成無水物)。在一些實施例中,結晶固體形式為無水物。在其他實施例中,結晶固體形式係水合的。
化合物1可呈稱為形式I之固體結晶形式獲得,其在下文及實例中進行描述。實驗資料表明形式I為無水物。形式I之特徵在於其XRPD圖案及其他固態特徵。在一些實施例中,形式I就2θ而言具有約12.7度之特徵XRPD峰。在一些實施例中,形式I就2θ而言具有一或多個選自約8.7、約9.8及約12.7度之特徵XRPD峰。在一些實施例中,形式I就2θ而言具有一或多個選自約8.7、約9.8、約12.7、約21.4及約23.3度之特徵XRPD峰。
在一些實施例中,形式I就2θ而言具有兩個或兩個以上選自約8.7、約9.8、約12.7、約21.4及約23.3度之特徵XRPD峰。
在一些實施例中,形式I就2θ而言具有兩個或兩個以上選自約8.7、約9.8、約11.6、約12.7、約14.7、約15.7、約20.0、約21.4、約23.3及約27.1度之特徵XRPD峰。
在一些實施例中,形式I就2θ而言具有三個或三個以上選自約8.7、約9.8、約11.6、約12.7、約14.7、約15.7、約20.0、約21.4、約23.3及約27.1度之特徵XRPD峰。
在一些實施例中,形式I就2θ而言具有四個或四個以上選自約8.7、約9.8、約11.6、約12.7、約14.7、約15.7、約20.0、約21.4、約23.3及約27.1度之特徵XRPD峰。
在一些實施例中,形式I具有實質上如圖1中所示之XRPD圖案。
在一些實施例中,形式I具有以約266℃溫度下之吸熱峰為特徵之DSC溫譜圖。在一些實施例中,形式I具有實質上如圖2中所示之DSC溫譜圖。
在一些實施例中,形式I具有實質上如圖3中所示之TGA溫譜圖。
形式I通常可藉由自包含化合物1及溶劑之溶液沈澱形式I來製備。在一些實施例中,溶劑包含甲醇、丙酮、正庚烷或其混合物。例如,形式1可藉由自包含化合物I及丙酮之溶液沈澱形式I來製備。形式I之製備可包括添加化合物1至化合物1在丙酮中之飽和溶液中且將所得溶液在約25℃下攪拌約3天。
在一些實施例中,藉由(1)降低化合物1之溶液(例如,高溫下之化合物1的溶液)的溫度、(2)濃縮化合物1之溶液、(3)向化合物1之溶液中
添加反溶劑或其任意組合來進行形式I之沈澱。在一些實施例中,藉由向化合物1之溶液中添加反溶劑來進行沈澱,其中該化合物1之溶液包含質子性溶劑及非質子性溶劑。在一些實施例中,質子性溶劑為甲醇,非質子性溶劑為丙酮,且反溶劑為正庚烷。在一些實施例中,藉由向化合物1之溶液中添加正庚烷來進行形式I之沈澱,其中該化合物1之溶液包含甲醇及丙酮。
在一些實施例中,製備形式I包括:(ia)將化合物1之溶液加熱至約50℃至約60℃之溫度;(iia)在約50℃至約60℃之溫度下減小化合物1之溶液的體積以形成體積減小之化合物1之溶液;(iiia)向體積減小之化合物1之溶液中添加反溶劑,同時將溫度維持在約55℃至約65℃以形成化合物1之熱溶液;及(iva)將化合物1之熱溶液冷卻至約15℃至約30℃之溫度以沈澱形式I。
在一些實施例中,製備形式I包括:(ib)將化合物1之溶液加熱至約50℃至約60℃之溫度,其中該溶液包含甲醇及丙酮作為溶劑;(iib)在約50℃至約60℃之溫度下減小化合物1之溶液的體積以形成體積減小之化合物1之溶液;(iiib)向體積減小之化合物1之溶液中添加正庚烷,同時將溫度維持在約55℃至約65℃以形成化合物1之熱溶液;及(ivb)將化合物1之熱溶液冷卻至約15℃至約30℃之溫度以沈澱形式I。
化合物1亦可呈稱為形式II之結晶形式獲得,其在下文及實例中進行描述。實驗資料表明形式II為無水物。形式II之特徵在於其XRPD圖案及其他固態特徵。在一些實施例中,形式II就2θ而言具有約17.0度之特
徵XRPD峰。在一些實施例中,形式II就2θ而言具有一或多個選自約17.0及約19.3度之特徵XRPD峰。在一些實施例中,形式II就2θ而言具有一或多個選自約16.2、約17.0及約19.3度之特徵XRPD峰。
在一些實施例中,形式II就2θ而言具有兩個或兩個以上選自約6.7、約9.5、約10.5、約14.8、約16.2、約17.0、約18.8及約19.3度之特徵XRPD峰。
在一些實施例中,形式II就2θ而言具有三個或三個以上選自約6.7、約9.5、約10.5、約14.8、約16.2、約17.0、約18.8及約19.3度之特徵XRPD峰。
在一些實施例中,形式II就2θ而言具有四個或四個以上選自約6.7、約9.5、約10.5、約14.8、約16.2、約17.0、約18.8及約19.3度之特徵XRPD峰。
在一些實施例中,形式II具有實質上如圖4中所示之XRPD圖案。
在一些實施例中,形式II具有以約268℃溫度下之吸熱峰為特徵之DSC溫譜圖。在一些實施例中,形式II具有實質上如圖5中所示之DSC溫譜圖。
在一些實施例中,形式II具有實質上如圖6中所示之TGA溫譜圖。
形式II通常可藉由自包含化合物I及溶劑之溶液沈澱形式II來製備。在一些實施例中,溶劑包含四氫呋喃(THF)、丙酮、正庚烷或其混合物。在一些實施例中,藉由(1)降低化合物1之溶液之溫度、(2)濃縮化合物1之溶液、(3)向化合物1之溶液中添加反溶劑或其任意組合來進行形式II之沈澱。在一些實施例中,藉由向化合物1之溶液中添加反溶劑來進行形式II之沈澱,其中該溶液包含醚溶劑及非質子性溶劑。在一些實施例中,醚溶
劑為THF、非質子性溶劑為丙酮且反溶劑為正庚烷。在一些實施例中,藉由向化合物1之溶液中添加正庚烷來進行形式II之沈澱,其中該化合物1之溶液包含THF及丙酮。
在一些實施例中,製備形式II包括:(ic)將化合物1之溶液加熱至約50℃至約60℃之溫度;(iic)在約50℃至約60℃之溫度下減小化合物1之溶液的體積以形成體積減小之化合物1之溶液;(iiic)向體積減小之化合物1之溶液中添加反溶劑,同時將溫度維持在約55℃至約65℃下以形成化合物1之熱溶液;及(ivc)將化合物1之熱溶液冷卻至約15℃至約30℃之溫度以沈澱形式II。
在一些實施例中,製備形式II包括:(id)將化合物1之溶液加熱至約50℃至約60℃之溫度,其中該溶液包含THF及丙酮作為溶劑;(iid)在約50℃至約60℃之溫度下減小化合物1之溶液的體積以形成體積減小之化合物1之溶液;(iiid)向體積減小之化合物1之溶液中添加正庚烷,同時將溫度維持在約55℃至約65℃下以形成化合物1之熱溶液;及(ivd)將化合物1之熱溶液冷卻至約15℃至約30℃之溫度以沈澱形式II。
化合物1亦可呈稱為形式Ia、III、IV、V、Va、VI、VII、VIII、IX、X、XI、XII、XIII、XIV及XV之固體結晶形式獲得,其在下文及實例中進行描述。形式Ia、III、IV、V、Va、VI、VII、VIII、IX、X、XI、XII、XIII、XIV及XV之特徵在於其XRPD圖案及其他固態特徵。
在一些實施例中,形式Ia就2θ而言具有一或多個選自約8.8、約10.0、約11.7、約12.8及約13.5度之特徵XRPD峰。在一些實施例中,形
式Ia就2θ而言具有一或多個選自約8.8、約10.0、約11.7、約12.8、約13.5、約20.0、約21.5、約22.6及約23.3度之特徵XRPD峰。在一些實施例中,形式Ia具有實質上如圖7中所示之XRPD圖案。
在一些實施例中,形式III就2θ而言具有一或多個選自約7.8、約12.4、約13.1、約15.2及約15.5度之特徵XRPD峰。在一些實施例中,形式III就2θ而言具有一或多個選自約7.8、約12.4、約13.1、約15.2、約15.5、約16.9、約17.5及約20.3度之特徵XRPD峰。在一些實施例中,形式III具有實質上如圖8中所示之XRPD圖案。
在一些實施例中,形式IV就2θ而言具有一或多個選自約11.2、約16.3、約18.7及約22.1度之特徵XRPD峰。在一些實施例中,形式IV具有實質上如圖9中所示之XRPD圖案。
在一些實施例中,形式V就2θ而言具有一或多個選自約8.2、約8.5、約14.1、約16.3及約17.1度之特徵XRPD峰。在一些實施例中,形式V就2θ而言具有一或多個選自約8.2、約8.5、約14.1、約16.3、約17.1、約18.9、約19.8、約21.8及約22.7度之特徵XRPD峰。在一些實施例中,形式V具有實質上如圖10中所示之XRPD圖案。
在一些實施例中,形式Va就2θ而言具有一或多個選自約8.7、約16.5、約17.3、約19.9及約21.6度之特徵XRPD峰。在一些實施例中,形式Va具有實質上如圖11中所示之XRPD圖案。在一些實施例中,形式Va具有以約133℃溫度下之吸熱峰、約267℃溫度下之吸熱峰或其組合為特徵之DSC溫譜圖。
在一些實施例中,形式VI就2θ而言具有一或多個選自約8.5、約9.6、約11.4及約12.1度之特徵XRPD峰。在一些實施例中,形式VI就2θ而言具有一或多個選自約8.5、約9.6、約11.4、約12.1、約13.5、約14.5、
約15.2、約17.1、約17.7、約18.1、約19.2及約20.7度之特徵XRPD峰。在一些實施例中,形式VI具有實質上如圖12中所示之XRPD圖案。
在一些實施例中,形式VII就2θ而言具有一或多個選自約9.9、約12.2、約14.8及約15.7度之特徵XRPD峰。在一些實施例中,形式VII就2θ而言具有一或多個選自約9.9、約12.2、約14.8、約15.7、約17.0、約17.5及約18.8度之特徵XRPD峰。在一些實施例中,形式VII具有實質上如圖13中所示之XRPD圖案。在一些實施例中,形式VII具有以約126℃溫度下之吸熱峰、約256℃溫度下之吸熱峰、約260℃溫度下之放熱峰、約267℃溫度下之吸熱峰或其組合為特徵之DSC溫譜圖。
在一些實施例中,形式VIII就2θ而言具有一或多個選自約8.1、約8.5、約16.2及約17.0度之特徵XRPD峰。在一些實施例中,形式VIII就2θ而言具有一或多個選自約8.1、約8.5、約16.2、約16.6、約17.0、約17.5、約18.0、約18.9、約19.6及約20.1度之特徵XRPD峰。在一些實施例中,形式VIII具有實質上如圖14中所示之XRPD圖案。在一些實施例中,形式VIII具有以約145℃溫度下之吸熱峰、約265℃溫度下之吸熱峰或其組合為特徵之DSC溫譜圖。
在一些實施例中,形式IX就2θ而言具有一或多個選自約8.6、約9.1、約11.4、約13.4及約15.2度之特徵XRPD峰。在一些實施例中,形式IX就2θ而言具有一或多個選自約8.6、約9.1、約11.4、約13.4、約15.2、約18.2、約22.1、約22.8及約23.9度之特徵XRPD峰。在一些實施例中,形式IX具有實質上如圖15中所示之XRPD圖案。
在一些實施例中,形式X就2θ而言具有一或多個選自約14.9、約15.3、約15.8及約17.0度之特徵XRPD峰。在一些實施例中,形式X就2θ而言具有一或多個選自約14.9、約15.3、約15.8、約17.0、約17.7、約
18.3及約19.7度之特徵XRPD峰。在一些實施例中,形式X具有實質上如圖16中所示之XRPD圖案。在一些實施例中,形式X具有以約121℃溫度下之吸熱峰、約267℃溫度下之吸熱峰或其組合為特徵之DSC溫譜圖。
在一些實施例中,形式XI就2θ而言具有一或多個選自約8.9、約12.8、約18.0、約21.5、約22.6及約23.3度之特徵XRPD峰。在一些實施例中,形式XI具有實質上如圖17中所示之XRPD圖案。
在一些實施例中,形式XII就2θ而言具有一或多個選自約5.6、約11.7、約13.8及約14.5度之特徵XRPD峰。在一些實施例中,形式XII就2θ而言具有一或多個選自約5.6、約11.7、約13.8、約14.5、約16.9、約17.7及約18.7度之特徵XRPD峰。在一些實施例中,形式XII就2θ而言具有一或多個選自約5.6、約11.7、約13.8、約14.5、約16.9、約17.7、約18.7、約23.5、約24.6、約34.3、約44.2及44.6度之特徵XRPD峰。在一些實施例中,形式XII具有實質上如圖18中所示之XRPD圖案。在一些實施例中,形式XII具有以約264℃溫度下之吸熱峰為特徵之DSC溫譜圖。
在一些實施例中,形式XIII就2θ而言具有一或多個選自約5.7、約8.6、約9.8及約11.8度之特徵XRPD峰。在一些實施例中,形式XIII就2θ而言具有一或多個選自約5.7、約8.6、約9.8、約11.8、約12.6、約13.4、約14.1、約14.8、約16.6及約19.1度之特徵XRPD峰。在一些實施例中,形式XIII具有實質上如圖19中所示之XRPD圖案。在一些實施例中,形式XIII具有以267℃溫度下之吸熱峰為特徵之DSC溫譜圖。
在一些實施例中,形式XIV就2θ而言具有一或多個選自約4.0、約11.2、約11.9、約14.1、約14.8及約15.9度之特徵XRPD峰。在一些實施例中,形式XIV具有實質上如圖20中所示之XRPD圖案。在一些實施例中,形式XIV具有以267℃溫度下之吸熱峰為特徵之DSC溫譜圖。
在一些實施例中,形式XV就2θ而言具有一或多個選自約7.4、約9.6、約12.4、約13.4及約15.5度之特徵XRPD峰。在一些實施例中,形式XV就2θ而言具有一或多個選自約7.4、約9.6、約12.4、約13.4、約15.5、約16.9、約17.7、約19.0、約19.5、約20.6及約22.5度之特徵XRPD峰。在一些實施例中,形式XV具有實質上如圖21中所示之XRPD圖案。在一些實施例中,形式XV具有以約85℃溫度下之吸熱峰、約172℃溫度下之吸熱峰、約192℃溫度下之放熱峰、約268℃溫度下之吸熱峰或其組合為特徵之DSC溫譜圖。
如本文所用,片語「固體形式」係指本文提供之非晶形狀態或結晶狀態(「結晶形式」或「結晶固體」或「結晶固體形式」)之化合物,其中本文提供之呈結晶狀態之化合物可視情況在晶格內包括溶劑或水,例如用以形成溶劑合或水合結晶形式。如本文所用,術語「水合」欲係指晶格中包括水分子之結晶形式。「水合」結晶形式之實例包括半水合物、單水合物、二水合物及其類似物。其他水合形式,諸如通道水合物及其類似物,亦包括在該術語之含義內。
本文提供之化合物(例如,化合物1)之不同結晶形式由X光粉末繞射(XRPD)、差示掃描熱量測定(DSC)及/或熱重分析(TGA)來表徵。反射(峰)之X光粉末繞射(XRPD)圖案通常認為係特定結晶形式之指紋。熟知XRPD峰值相對強度可尤其視樣品製備技術、晶體尺寸分佈、使用之各種過濾器、樣品安裝程序及採用之特定儀器而廣泛變化。在一些情形下,視儀器之類型或設定(例如,是否使用Ni過濾器)而定,可觀測到新的峰或現有的峰可能消失。如本文所用,術語「峰」或「特徵峰」係指具有最大峰高度/強度之至少約3%之相對高度/強度的反射。另外,儀器變化及其他因數可影響2θ值。因此,諸如本文中報導之彼等峰賦值可在±約0.2°(2θ)內變化,且如
XRPD之上下文中所用之術語「實質上」或「約」在本文中欲係指上文提及之變化。
同樣地,與DSC、TGA或其他熱實驗相關之溫度讀數視儀器、特定設定、樣品製備等而可在約±3℃內變化。因此,本文中報導之具有「實質上」如任一圖中所示之DSC溫譜圖的結晶形式應理解為適應此變化。
術語「結晶形式」欲係指結晶物質之某種晶格構型。相同物質之不同結晶形式通常具有不同晶格(例如,單位晶胞),通常具有歸因於其不同晶格之不同物理特性,且在一些情形下具有不同之水或溶劑含量。不同晶格可藉由固態表徵方法來識別,諸如藉由X光粉末繞射(XRPD)。其他表徵方法,諸如差示掃描熱量測定(DSC)、熱重分析(TGA)、動態氣相吸附(DVS)及其類似方法,進一步有助於識別結晶形式以及有助於確定穩定性及溶劑/水含量。
特定物質(諸如化合物1)之不同結晶形式可包括該物質之無水形式及該物質之溶劑合/水合形式,其中無水形式及溶劑合/水合形式各自藉由不同之XRPD圖案或其他固態表徵方法來彼此區別,由此表示不同晶格。在一些情形下,單個結晶形式(例如,由獨特之XRPD圖案識別)可具有可變之水或溶劑含量,其中晶格實質上保持不變(如同XRPD圖案),儘管關於水及/或溶劑之組成發生變化。
在一些實施例中,本申請之化合物(或其水合物及溶劑合物)分批製備,稱為批料、樣品或製劑。該等批料、樣品或製劑可包括本文提供之呈本文所述任意結晶或非結晶形式之化合物,包括水合及非水合形式及其混合物。
本文揭示之化合物可包括其中出現之原子之所有同位素。同位素包括具有相同原子數但具有不同質量數之彼等原子。例如,氫之同位素包括氚及氘。
在一些實施例中,實質上分離本文提供之化合物(例如,化合物1)或其鹽或其結晶形式。術語「實質上分離」意謂化合物或鹽至少部分地或實質上自發現或偵測其之環境中分離。部分分離可包括例如富集本文提供之化合物、鹽或結晶形式之組合物。實質上分離可包括含有至少約50重量%、至少約60重量%、至少約70重量%、至少約80重量%、至少約90重量%、至少約95重量%、至少約97重量%或至少約99重量%之本文提供之化合物、鹽或結晶形式的組合物。
片語「醫藥學上可接受」在本文中用於係指在合理醫學判斷範疇內、適用於與人類及動物之組織接觸而無過度毒性、刺激、過敏反應或其他問題或併發症、相應具有合理之益處/風險比之彼等化合物、材料、組合物及/或劑型。
本申請進一步提供一種製備化合物1之方法,其中該方法可適合擴大規模。一種製備化合物1之方法在US 2015/0307493中描述,其全文以引用之方式併入本文中。與US 2015/0307493中所述之方法相比,本文提供之方法具有某些優勢使其適合擴大規模。例如,本文提供之方法使用較少之有害試劑,同時提供高產率及高品質之產物。此外,本文提供之方法可就地產生化合物7(參見下文)而無需分離化合物7,此在大規模下提供更佳之效率。
在一些實施例中,B1為鹼金屬氫氧化物鹼,諸如氫氧化鈉。化合物8與B1之反應可在溶劑中進行。在一些實施例中,溶劑包含醚溶劑,諸如1,4-二噁烷。醚溶劑(諸如1,4-二噁烷)可提供高產率及良好品質之化合物1。在一些實施例中,化合物8與B1之反應在高溫下進行,例如在約50℃至約85℃(例如,約60℃至約80℃或約65℃至約75℃)之溫度下。在一些實施例中,溫度為約70℃。在一些實施例中,提供相對於化合物8之量莫耳過量之B1。在一些實施例中,基於1當量之化合物8,使用約3至約4或約3.5當量之B1。
在一些實施例中,P2為過渡金屬催化劑,諸如鈀催化劑。鈀催化劑之實例包括[1,1'-雙(二苯基膦基)二茂鐵]二氯鈀(II)(Pd(dppf)Cl2,例如Pd(dppf)Cl2-CH2Cl2)、二氯(雙{二第三丁基[4-(二甲胺基)苯基]-磷烷基})鈀(Pd-132)、Pd(PPh3)4及肆(三(鄰甲苯基)膦)鈀(0)。在一些實施例中,P2為Pd(dppf)Cl2。在一些實施例中,B2為鹼金屬碳酸氫鹽鹼,諸如碳酸氫鈉。在一些實施例中,B2為鹼金屬碳酸鹽鹼,諸如K2CO3。化合物7與化合物9之反應可在溶劑中進行。在一些實施例中,溶劑包含質子性溶劑、醚溶劑或其混合物。在一些實施例中,溶劑包含水、1,4-二噁烷或其混合物。在一些實施例中,化合物7與化合物9之反應在高溫下進行,例如在約80℃至約100℃(例如,約85℃至約95℃)之溫度下。在一些實施例中,溫度為約90℃。在一些實施例中,基於1當量之化合物7或化合物6(其具有下文所示之結構)使用約1當量之化合物9。在一些實施例中,提供充足催化量之P2。例如,基於1當量之化合物7使用約0.01至約0.05或約0.03當量之P2。在一些實施例中,提供相對於化合物9之量而言莫耳過量之B2。在一些實施例中,基於1當量之化合物9使用約2至約3或約2.5當量之B2。
在一些實施例中,該方法進一步包括使化合物6:
與4,4,4',4',5,5,5',5'-八甲基-2,2'-雙(1,3,2-二氧硼戊烷)在P3及B3存在下反應以形成化合物7,其中P3為過渡金屬催化劑且B3為鹼。
在一些實施例中,P3為過渡金屬催化劑,諸如鈀催化劑。鈀催化劑之實例包括[1,1'-雙(二苯基膦基)二茂鐵]二氯鈀(II)(Pd(dppf)Cl2,例如Pd(dppf)Cl2-CH2Cl2)、二氯(雙{二第三丁基[4-(二甲胺基)苯基]-磷烷基})鈀
(Pd-132)、Pd(PPh3)4及肆(三(鄰甲苯基)膦)鈀(0)。在一些實施例中,P3為Pd(dppf)Cl2。在一些實施例中,B3為鹼金屬乙酸鹽鹼,諸如乙酸鉀。化合物6與4,4,4',4',5,5,5',5'-八甲基-2,2'-雙(1,3,2-二氧硼戊烷)之反應可在溶劑中進行。在一些實施例中,溶劑包含醚溶劑,諸如1,4-二噁烷。在一些實施例中,化合物6與4,4,4',4',5,5,5',5'-八甲基-2,2'-雙(1,3,2-二氧硼戊烷)之反應在高溫下進行,例如在約70℃至約90℃(例如,75℃至約85℃)之溫度下。在一些實施例中,溫度為約80℃。在一些實施例中,提供相對於化合物6之量而言莫耳過量之試劑4,4,4',4',5,5,5',5'-八甲基-2,2'-雙(1,3,2-二氧硼戊烷)。在一些實施例中,基於1當量之化合物6使用約2至約2.5當量之4,4,4',4',5,5,5',5'-八甲基-2,2'-雙(1,3,2-二氧硼戊烷)。在一些實施例中,提供相對於化合物6之量而言莫耳過量之B3。在一些實施例中,基於1當量之化合物6使用約3至約3.5當量之B3。在一些實施例中,提供充足催化量之P3。在一些實施例中,基於1當量之化合物6使用約0.01至約0.05或約0.03當量之P3。
在一些實施例中,反應形成化合物7且隨後接著形成化合物8在同一反應容器中進行,不經分離化合物7。當在同一反應容器中進行形成化合物7且隨後形成化合物8之反應(不經分離化合物7)時,可不添加P2,由化合物7及9來形成化合物8,例如藉由在同一反應容器中使用P3(過渡金屬催化劑)來形成化合物7。或者,由化合物6產生化合物8之偶合反應可分兩個單獨步驟進行,其中分離化合物7且在反應中採用P2以由化合物7產生化合物8。
在一些實施例中,P4為過渡金屬催化劑,諸如鈀催化劑。鈀催化劑之實例包括4-(二第三丁基膦基)-N,N-二甲基苯胺-二氯鈀(2:1)、Pd(dppf)Cl2(例如,Pd(dppf)Cl2-CH2Cl2)、二氯(雙{二第三丁基[4-(二甲胺基)苯基]-磷烷基})鈀(Pd-132)、Pd(PPh3)4及肆(三(鄰甲苯基)膦)鈀(0)。在一些實施例中,P4為4-(二第三丁基膦基)-N,N-二甲基苯胺-二氯鈀(2:1)。在一些實施例中,P4為Pd(dppf)Cl2(例如,Pd(dppf)Cl2-CH2Cl2)。在一些實施例中,B4為鹼,諸如氟化銫。在另一實施例中,B4為鹼金屬碳酸鹽,諸如K2CO3。化合物6與化合物15之反應可在溶劑中進行。在一些實施例中,溶劑包含質子性溶劑、醚溶劑或其混合物。在一些實施例中,反應在包含1,4-二噁烷、水或其混合物之溶劑中進行。在一些實施例中,化合物6與化合物15之反應在高溫(例如,高於室溫)下進行,諸如在大約回流溫度下。在一些實施例中,基於1當量之化合物6使用約1當量之化合物15。在一些實施例中,提供相對於化合物6而言莫耳過量之B4。在一些實施例中,基於1當量之化合物6使用約3至約4或約3.5當量之B4。通常提供充足催化量之P4。在一些實施例中,基於1當量之化合物6使用約0.01至約0.1或約0.05當量之P4。
在一些實施例中,化合物15可由以下方法來製備,該方法包括使化合物9與4,4,4',4',5,5,5',5'-八甲基-2,2'-雙(1,3,2-二氧硼戊烷)在P8及B8存在下反應,其中P8為過渡金屬催化劑且B8為鹼。
在一些實施例中,P8為過渡金屬催化劑,諸如鈀催化劑。鈀催化劑之實例包括參(二亞苄基丙酮)二鈀(0)(Pd2(dba)3、4-(二第三丁基膦基)-N,N-二甲基苯胺-二氯鈀(2:1)、Pd(dppf)Cl2(例如,Pd(dppf)Cl2-CH2Cl2)、二氯(雙{二第三丁基[4-(二甲胺基)苯基]-磷烷基})鈀(Pd-132)、Pd(PPh3)4及肆(三(鄰甲苯基)膦)鈀(0)。在一些實施例中,P8為參(二亞苄基丙酮)二鈀(0)(Pd2(dba)3(例如,其中可添加二環己基(2',4',6'-三異丙基聯苯-2-基)膦(Xphos)作為配位體)。在一些實施例中,B8為鹼金屬乙酸鹽鹼,諸如乙酸鉀。化合物9與4,4,4',4',5,5,5',5'-八甲基-2,2'-雙(1,3,2-二氧硼戊烷)之反應可在溶劑中進行。在一些實施例中,溶劑包含醚溶劑,諸如1,4-二噁烷。在一些實施例中,化合物9與4,4,4',4',5,5,5',5'-八甲基-2,2'-雙(1,3,2-二氧硼戊烷)之反應在約75℃至約95℃之溫度下進行。在一些實施例中,溫度為約80℃至約90℃或約80℃至約85℃。在一些實施例中,基於1當量之化合物9使用約2當量之4,4,4',4',5,5,5',5'-八甲基-2,2'-雙(1,3,2-二氧硼戊烷)。在一些實施例中,提供相對於化合物9而言莫耳過量之B8。在一些實施例中,基於1當量之化合物9使用約2至約3當量之B8。通常提供充足催化量之P8。在一些實施例中,基於1當量之化合物9使用約0.01至約0.1或約0.025當量之P8。
在一些實施例中,化合物6可根據US2015/0307493中之程序來製備,其以全文引用之方式併入本文中。
在一些實施例中,化合物6由以下方法來製備,該方法包括使化合物5:
與甲基化劑及B5(其中B5為鹼)反應。在一些實施例中,甲基化劑為碘甲烷(MeI)、硫酸二甲酯、碳酸二甲酯或氯化四甲銨。在一些實施例中,甲基化劑為碘甲烷。在一些實施例中,B5為鹼金屬碳酸鹽鹼,諸如碳酸鉀(K2CO3)。在一些實施例中,化合物5與甲基化劑之反應在包含例如非質子性溶劑(諸如N'N-二甲基甲醯胺(DMF))之溶劑中進行。在一些實施例中,化合物5與甲基化劑之反應在約10℃至約20℃或約15℃至約20℃之溫度下進行。
在一些實施例中,化合物5由以下方法來製備,該方法包括使化合物4:
與2-溴-2-甲基丙醯溴及B6(其中B6為鹼)反應。在一些實施例中,B6為鹼金屬碳酸鹽,諸如碳酸鉀(K2CO3)。化合物4與2-溴-2-甲基丙醯溴之反應可在溶劑存在下進行。例如,溶劑包含乙腈、水或其混合物。化合物4與2-溴-2-甲基丙醯溴之反應可在高溫下進行,例如在約60℃至約90℃之溫度下。在一些實施例中,溫度為約75℃。
在一些實施例中,化合物4由以下方法來製備,該方法包括使化合物3:
與還原劑反應。在一些實施例中,還原劑為低亞硫酸鈉或H2/阮尼鎳。化合物3與還原劑之反應可在溶劑存在下進行。在一些實施例中,溶劑包含質子性溶劑(例如,水及甲醇)、醚溶劑(四氫呋喃)或其混合物。在一些實施例中,化合物3與低亞硫酸鈉之反應在水、四氫呋喃或其混合物中進行。在一些實施例中,化合物3與H2/阮尼鎳之反應在甲醇中進行。在一些實施例中,化合物3與還原劑之反應在室溫下進行。在一些實施例中,低亞硫酸鈉與碳酸氫鈉組合使用。化合物3與低亞硫酸鈉及碳酸氫鈉之反應在與H2/阮尼鎳相比之柔和加工條件下可產生化合物4,H2/阮尼鎳在大規模時可為有害的。
在一些實施例中,化合物3由以下方法來製備,該方法包括使化合物2:
與N-溴代丁二醯亞胺(NBS)反應。使用NBS在大規模下,例如在千克規模下,可提供高產率及良好品質之產物。在一些實施例中,反應在包含非質子性溶劑(諸如N,N-二甲基甲醯胺(DMF))之溶劑中進行。在一些實施例中,反應在室溫下進行。
在一些實施例中,化合物9可根據US2015/0307493及WO2013/097601中之程序來製備,其各自以全文引用之方式併入本文中。
在一些實施例中,化合物13由以下方法來製備,該方法包括使化合物12:
與對甲苯磺醯氯(p-TsCl)及氫化鈉(NaH)反應。在一些實施例中,反應在包含非質子性溶劑(諸如N'N-二甲基甲醯胺(DMF))之溶劑中進行。
在一些實施例中,化合物12由以下方法來製備,該方法包括使化合物11:
與鐵(Fe)及乙酸(HOAc)反應。在一些實施例中,反應在包含醚溶劑(諸如四氫呋喃(THF))之溶劑中進行。可採用鐵與乙酸之組合作為還原劑且可作為諸如H2/阮尼鎳之還原劑的更安全之替代物,H2/阮尼鎳在大規模時可為有害的。
在一些實施例中,化合物11由以下方法來製備,該方法包括使化合物10:
與1,1-二乙氧基-N,N-二甲基甲胺及B7(其中B7為鹼)反應。在一些實施例中,B7為鹼金屬醇鹽,諸如甲醇鋰。在一些實施例中,反應在包含非質子性溶劑(諸如N'N-二甲基甲醯胺(DMF))之溶劑中進行。
在一些實施例中,製備化合物6之方法包括:(i)使化合物1a與硝酸及乙酸反應以形成化合物2;(ii)使化合物2與N-溴代丁二醯亞胺(NBS)反應以形成化合物3;(iii)使化合物3與還原劑反應以形成化合物4;(iv)使化合物4與2-溴-2-甲基丙醯溴及B6反應以形成化合物5;及(v)使化合物5與甲基化劑及B5反應以形成化合物6。
在一些實施例中,製備化合物9之方法包括:(i)使化合物10與1,1-二乙氧基-N,N-二甲基甲胺及B7反應以形成化合物11;(ii)使化合物11與鐵(Fe)及乙酸(HOAc)反應以形成化合物12;(iii)使化合物12與對甲苯磺醯氯(p-TsCl)及氫化鈉(NaH)反應以形成化合物13;(iv)使化合物13與酸反應以形成化合物14;及(v)使化合物14與碘甲烷及氫化鈉反應以形成化合物9。
在一些實施例中,製備化合物1或其鹽之方法包括:(i)使化合物6與4,4,4',4',5,5,5',5'-八甲基-2,2'-雙(1,3,2-二氧硼戊烷)在P3及B3存在下反應以形成化合物7;(ii)使化合物7與化合物9在P2及B2存在下反應以形成化合物8;及(iii)使化合物8與B1反應以形成化合物1或其鹽。
在一些實施例中,製備化合物1或其鹽之方法包括:(i)使化合物6與化合物15在P4及B4存在下反應以形成化合物8;及(ii)使化合物8與B1反應以形成化合物1或其鹽。
在一些實施例中,製備化合物1或其鹽之方法包括:(i)使化合物9與4,4,4',4',5,5,5',5'-八甲基-2,2'-雙(1,3,2-二氧硼戊烷)在P8及B8存在下反應以形成化合物15;(ii)使化合物6與化合物15在P4及B4存在下反應以形成化合物8;及(iii)使化合物8與B1反應以形成化合物1或其鹽。
在一些實施例中,製備化合物1之方法包括:(i)使化合物1a與硝酸及乙酸反應以形成化合物2;(ii)使化合物2與N-溴代丁二醯亞胺(NBS)反應以形成化合物3;
(iii)使化合物3與還原劑反應以形成化合物4;(iv)使化合物4與2-溴-2-甲基丙醯溴及B6反應以形成化合物5;(v)使化合物5與甲基化劑及B5反應以形成化合物6;(vi)使化合物6與4,4,4',4',5,5,5',5'-八甲基-2,2'-雙(1,3,2-二氧硼戊烷)在P3及B3存在下反應以形成化合物7;(vii)使化合物7與化合物9在P2及B2存在下反應以形成化合物8;及(viii)使化合物8與B1反應以形成化合物1。
在一些實施例中,製備化合物1之方法包括:(i)使化合物1a與硝酸及乙酸反應以形成化合物2;(ii)使化合物2與N-溴代丁二醯亞胺(NBS)反應以形成化合物3;(iii)使化合物3與還原劑反應以形成化合物4;(iv)使化合物4與2-溴-2-甲基丙醯溴及B6反應以形成化合物5;(v)使化合物5與甲基化劑及B5反應以形成化合物6;(vi)使化合物6與化合物15在P4及B4存在下反應以形成化合物8;及(vii)使化合物8與B1反應以形成化合物1。
在一些實施例中,製備化合物1之方法包括:(i)使化合物10與1,1-二乙氧基-N,N-二甲基甲胺及B7反應以形成化合物11;(ii)使化合物11與鐵(Fe)及乙酸(HOAc)反應以形成化合物12;(iii)使化合物12與對甲苯磺醯氯(p-TsCl)及氫化鈉(NaH)反應以形成化合物13;(iv)使化合物13與酸反應以形成化合物14;(v)使化合物14與碘甲烷及氫化鈉反應以形成化合物9;(vi)使化合物7與化合物9在P2及B2存在下反應以形成化合物8;及(vii)使化合物8與B1反應以形成化合物1。
在一些實施例中,製備化合物1之方法包括:(i)使化合物10與1,1-二乙氧基-N,N-二甲基甲胺及B7反應以形成化合物11;(ii)使化合物11與鐵(Fe)及乙酸(HOAc)反應以形成化合物12;(iii)使化合物12與對甲苯磺醯氯(p-TsCl)及氫化鈉(NaH)反應以形成化合物13;(iv)使化合物13與酸反應以形成化合物14;(v)使化合物14與碘甲烷及氫化鈉反應以形成化合物9;(vi)使化合物9與4,4,4',4',5,5,5',5'-八甲基-2,2'-雙(1,3,2-二氧硼戊烷)在P8及B8存在下反應以形成化合物15;(vii)使化合物6與化合物15在P4及B4存在下反應以形成化合物8;及(viii)使化合物8與B1反應以形成化合物1。
在一些實施例中,本文中提供為一種使化合物6與4,4,4',4',5,5,5',5'-八甲基-2,2'-雙(1,3,2-二氧硼戊烷)在P3及B3存在下反應以形成化合物7之方法。
應瞭解,清楚起見在單獨實施例上下文中描述的本發明之某些特徵亦可在單一實施例中組合提供(儘管該等實施例欲如同以多種獨立形式書
寫般組合)。相反,簡便起見在單一實施例上下文中描述的本發明之各種特徵亦可單獨或以任何合適子組合來提供。
在一些實施例中,如本文中所述在高溫下之化合物1之溶液係指在高於室溫之溫度下的溶液。例如,在高溫下之化合物1之溶液將具有高於約室溫之溫度,例如高於約20℃、高於約30℃、高於約40℃、高於約50℃、高於約60℃、高於約70℃、高於約80℃、高於約90℃或高於約100℃。
在一些實施例中,如本文中所述之濃縮溶液係指藉由使溶劑蒸發、藉由加熱溶液、藉由使溶液經受減壓或其任意組合來減小其體積之溶液。
如本文所用,單獨或與其他術語組合採用之片語「鹼金屬碳酸氫鹽鹼」係指具有式M(HCO3)之鹼,其中M係指鹼金屬(例如鋰、鈉或鉀)。鹼金屬碳酸氫鹽鹼之實例包括(但不限於)碳酸氫鋰、碳酸氫鈉及碳酸氫鉀。
如本文所用,單獨或與其他術語組合採用之片語「鹼金屬碳酸鹽鹼」係指具有式M2CO3之鹼,其中M係指鹼金屬(例如鋰、鈉或鉀)。鹼金屬碳酸鹽鹼之實例包括(但不限於)碳酸鋰、碳酸鈉及碳酸鉀。
如本文所用,單獨或與其他術語組合採用之片語「鹼金屬氫氧化物鹼」係指具有式MOH之鹼,其中M係指鹼金屬(例如鋰、鈉或鉀)。鹼金屬氫氧化物鹼之實例包括(但不限於)氫氧化鋰、氫氧化鈉及氫氧化鉀。
如本文所用,單獨或與其他術語組合採用之片語「鹼金屬乙酸鹽鹼」係指具有式M(OC(O)CH3)之鹼,其中M係指鹼金屬(例如鋰、鈉或鉀)。鹼金屬乙酸鹽鹼之實例包括(但不限於)乙酸鋰、乙酸鈉及乙酸鉀。
如本文所用,片語「過渡金屬催化劑」係指適合催化碳碳偶合反應之金屬催化劑(例如,鈀或鎳催化劑)。過渡金屬催化劑之實例包括(但不限於)PdCl2(PPh3)2、Pd(PPh3)4、二氯(雙{二第三丁基[4-(二甲胺基)苯基]-磷烷
基})鈀(Pd-132)、NiCl2(dppf)及NiCl2(dppp),其中(dppf)係指1,1'-雙(二苯基膦基)二茂鐵且(dppp)係指1,3-雙(二苯基膦基)丙烷。
鈀催化劑之實例包括(但不限於)PdCl2(PPh3)2、Pd(PPh3)4、二氯(雙{二第三丁基[4-(二甲胺基)苯基]-磷烷基})鈀(Pd-132)、鈀碳、PdCl2、Pd(OAc)2、PdCl2(MeCN)2、參(二亞苄基丙酮)二鈀(0)(Pd2(dba)3、4-(二第三丁基膦基)-N,N-二甲基苯胺-二氯鈀(2:1)、Pd(dppf)Cl2(例如,Pd(dppf)Cl2-CH2Cl2)及肆(三(鄰甲苯基)膦)鈀(0)。
如本文所用,如此項技術中已知使用術語「反應」且通常係指以某種方式將化學試劑結合在一起使其能夠在分子水準上相互作用從而實現化學或物理轉型。在一些實施例中,反應涉及兩種試劑,其中相對於第一種試劑而言使用一或多當量之第二種試劑。本文中所述方法之反應步驟可在適合製備確定產物之條件下進行一段時間。
在一些實施例中,如本文中所述之反溶劑係指化合物1在溶液中相對於另一種溶劑或溶劑混合物而言較不可溶之溶劑。例如,反溶劑可包括(但不限於)苯、環己烷、戊烷、己烷、庚烷(例如,正庚烷)、甲苯、環庚烷、甲基環己烷、庚烷、乙基苯、間、鄰或對-二甲苯、辛烷、茚滿、壬烷或萘。
本文所述方法之反應可在熟習有機合成技術者可易於選擇之合適溶劑中進行。合適溶劑在進行反應之溫度下,例如在溶劑凍結溫度至溶劑沸騰溫度範圍內之溫度下可實質上與起始材料(反應物)、中間物或產物不反應。給定之反應可在一種溶劑或一種以上溶劑之混合物中進行。視特定反應步驟而定,可為特定反應步驟選擇合適之溶劑。在一些實施例中,可在不存在溶劑之情形下進行反應,諸如當試劑中之至少一者為液體或氣體時。
合適溶劑可包括鹵化溶劑,諸如四氯化碳、溴二氯甲烷、二溴氯甲烷、溴仿、氯仿、溴氯甲烷、二溴甲烷、氯丁烷、二氯甲烷、四氯乙烯、三氯乙烯、1,1,1-三氯乙烷、1,1,2-三氯乙烷、1,1-二氯乙烷、2-氯丙烷、÷,÷,÷-三氟甲苯、1,2-二氯乙烷、1,2-二溴乙烷、六氟苯、1,2,4-三氯苯、1,2-二氯苯、氯苯、氟苯、其混合物及其類似物。
合適之醚溶劑包括:二甲氧基甲烷、四氫呋喃、1,3-二噁烷、1,4-二噁烷、呋喃、四氫呋喃(THF)、乙醚、乙二醇二甲醚、乙二醇二乙醚、二乙二醇二甲醚(二甘二甲醚)、二乙二醇二乙醚、三乙二醇二甲醚、苯甲醚、第三丁基甲醚、其混合物及其類似物。
例如且不受限制,合適之質子性溶劑可包括水、甲醇、乙醇、2-硝基乙醇、2-氟乙醇、2,2,2-三氟乙醇、乙二醇、1-丙醇、2-丙醇、2-甲氧基乙醇、1-丁醇、2-丁醇、異丁醇、第三丁醇、2-乙氧基乙醇、二乙二醇、1-、2-或3-戊醇、新戊醇、第三戊醇、二乙二醇單甲醚、二乙二醇單乙醚、環己醇、苄醇、苯酚或甘油。
例如且不受限制,合適之非質子性溶劑可包括N,N-二甲基甲醯胺(DMF)、N,N-二甲基乙醯胺(DMA)、1,3-二甲基-3,4,5,6-四氫-2(1H)-嘧啶酮(DMPU)、1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啶酮(DMI)、N-甲基吡咯啶酮(NMP)、甲醯胺、N-甲基乙醯胺、N-甲基甲醯胺、乙腈、二甲亞碸、丙腈、甲酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、六氯丙酮、丙酮、乙基甲基酮、乙酸乙酯、環丁碸、N,N-二甲基丙醯胺、四甲基脲、硝基甲烷、硝基苯或六甲基磷醯胺。
合適之烴溶劑包括苯、環己烷、戊烷、己烷、甲苯、環庚烷、甲基環己烷、庚烷、乙基苯、間、鄰、或對-二甲苯、辛烷、茚滿、壬烷或萘。
本文所述方法之反應可在空氣中或在惰性氣氛下進行。含有實質上與空氣反應之試劑或產物之反應通常可使用熟習此項技術者熟知之空氣敏感性合成技術來進行。
如本文所用之表述「周圍溫度」及「室溫」在此項技術中理解且通常係指約為進行反應之室溫的溫度,例如反應溫度,例如約20℃至約30℃之溫度。
化合物1或其鹽為BET蛋白抑制劑及因此適用於治療與BET蛋白活性相關之疾病及病症。對於本文中所述之用途而言,可使用任何形式之化合物1,包括本文所述之任何實施例。
化合物1可抑制BET蛋白BRD2、BRD3、BRD4及BRD-t中之一或多者。在一些實施例中,化合物1選擇性地抑制一或多種BET蛋白而不抑制其他蛋白。「選擇性」意謂化合物與諸如另一種BET蛋白之參考物相比分別以較大之親和力或效能結合或抑制BET蛋白。例如,化合物對BRD2之選擇性可超過BRD3、BRD4及BRD-t,對BRD3之選擇性可超過BRD2、BRD4及BRD-t,對BRD4之選擇性可超過BRD2、BRD3及BRD-t或對BRD-t之選擇性可超過BRD2、BRD3及BRD4。在一些實施例中,化合物抑制兩種或兩種以上BET蛋白或所有BET蛋白。一般而言,選擇性可為至少約5倍、至少約10倍、至少約20倍、至少約50倍、至少約100倍、至少約200倍、至少約500倍或至少約1000倍。
因此,化合物1適用於治療BET蛋白介導之病症。術語「BET蛋白介導之病症」或「BET-介導之病症」係指其中一或多種BET蛋白,諸如BRD2、BRD3、BRD4及/或BRD-t或其突變體起作用或疾病或病況與一或多種BET蛋白之表現或活性相關之任何病症、疾病或病況。作為BET蛋
白抑制劑之化合物1因此可用於治療或減輕已知BET蛋白,諸如BRD2、BRD3、BRD4及/或BRD-t或其突變體在其中起作用之疾病及病況的嚴重性。
使用化合物1可治療之疾病及病況包括(但不限於)癌症及其他增殖性病症、自體免疫疾病、慢性發炎性疾病、急性發炎性疾病、敗血症及病毒感染。該等疾病可藉由向需要治療之個體(例如,患者)投與治療有效量或劑量之化合物1或其任意實施例或其醫藥組合物來治療。本揭示案亦提供一種固體形式之化合物1或其任意實施例或包含該固體形式之醫藥組合物,其用於治療BET介導之疾病或病症。亦提供固體形式之化合物1或其任意實施例或包含該固體形式之醫藥組合物的用途,其用於製造用以治療BET介導之疾病或病症的藥物。
可由化合物1治療之疾病包括癌症。癌症可包括(但不限於)腎上腺癌、腺泡細胞癌、聽神經瘤、肢端小痣性黑色素瘤、汗腺頂端汗腺瘤、急性嗜酸性粒細胞性白血病、急性類紅血球性白血病、急性淋巴母細胞性白血病、急性巨核細胞性白血病、急性單核細胞性白血病、急性前髓細胞性白血病、腺癌、腺樣囊性癌、腺瘤、牙源性腺瘤樣腫瘤、腺鱗癌、脂肪組識贅瘤、腎上腺皮質癌、成人T-細胞性白血病/淋巴瘤、侵襲性NK-細胞性白血病、AIDS-相關淋巴瘤、腺泡狀橫紋肌肉瘤、軟組織腺泡狀肉瘤、成釉細胞纖維瘤、間變性大細胞淋巴瘤、間變性甲狀腺癌、血管免疫母細胞性T細胞淋巴瘤、血管肌脂瘤、血管肉瘤、星狀細胞瘤、非典型畸胎橫紋細胞瘤、B細胞慢性淋巴細胞性白血病、B細胞幼淋巴細胞性白血病、B細胞淋巴瘤、基底細胞癌、膽管癌、膀胱癌、胚細胞瘤、骨癌、布倫納氏瘤(Brenner tumor)、布朗氏瘤(Brown tumor)、伯基特氏淋巴瘤(Burkitt's lymphoma)、乳癌、腦癌、腺癌、原位腺癌、癌性肉瘤、軟骨腫瘤、齒堊
質瘤、髓樣肉瘤、軟骨瘤、脊索瘤、絨毛膜癌、脈絡叢乳頭狀瘤、腎臟之明亮細胞肉瘤、顱咽管瘤、皮膚T細胞淋巴瘤、子宮頸癌、結腸直腸癌、德戈斯病(Degos disease)、促結締組織增生型小圓細胞腫瘤、彌漫性大B細胞淋巴瘤、胚胎發育不良性神經上皮腫瘤、無性細胞瘤、胚胎性癌、內分泌腺贅瘤、內胚層竇瘤、腸病相關T細胞淋巴瘤、食道癌、寄生胎、纖維瘤、纖維肉瘤、濾泡性淋巴瘤、濾泡性甲狀腺癌、神經節瘤、胃腸道癌、生殖細胞腫瘤、妊娠性絨毛膜癌、巨細胞纖維母細胞瘤、骨巨細胞腫瘤、神經膠質腫瘤、多形性膠質母細胞瘤、神經膠質瘤、腦膠質瘤病、升糖素瘤、性腺胚瘤、顆粒細胞瘤、半陰陽胚細胞瘤、膽囊癌、胃癌、毛細胞性白血病、血管母細胞瘤、頭頸癌、血管外皮細胞瘤、惡性血液病、肝胚細胞瘤、肝脾性T細胞淋巴瘤、霍奇金氏淋巴瘤(Hodgkin's lymphoma)、非霍奇金氏淋巴瘤(non-Hodgkin's lymphoma)、侵襲性小葉癌、腸癌、腎癌、喉癌(laryngeal cancer)、惡性雀斑樣痣、致命性中線癌、白血病、萊迪希細胞瘤(leydig cell tumor)、脂肪肉瘤、肺癌、淋巴管瘤、淋巴管肉瘤、淋巴上皮瘤、淋巴瘤、急性淋巴細胞性白血病、急性骨髓性白血病、慢性淋巴細胞性白血病、肝癌、小細胞肺癌、非小細胞肺癌、MALT淋巴瘤、惡性纖維組織細胞瘤、惡性周圍神經鞘瘤、惡性蠑螈瘤、套細胞淋巴瘤、邊緣區B細胞淋巴瘤、肥大細胞性白血病、縱隔生殖細胞瘤、乳腺髓質癌、甲狀腺髓質癌、神經管胚細胞瘤、黑素瘤、腦脊髓膜瘤、梅克爾細胞癌(merkel cell cancer)、間皮瘤、轉移性尿路上皮癌、苗勒管混合瘤(mixed Mullerian tumor)、黏液性腫瘤、多發性骨髓瘤、肌肉組織贅瘤、蕈樣肉芽腫、黏液樣脂肪肉瘤、黏液瘤、黏液肉瘤、鼻咽癌、神經鞘瘤、神經胚細胞瘤、神經纖維瘤、神經瘤、結節性黑素瘤、眼癌、少突星狀細胞瘤、少突神經膠質瘤、嗜酸性腺瘤、視神經鞘腦脊髓膜瘤、視神經腫瘤、口腔癌、骨肉瘤、卵巢癌、
肺上溝瘤(Pancoast tumor)、乳頭狀甲狀腺癌、副神經節瘤、松果體母細胞瘤、松果體細胞瘤、垂體細胞瘤、垂體腺瘤、垂體腫瘤、漿細胞瘤、多胚胎瘤、前體T-淋巴母細胞淋巴瘤、原發性中樞神經系統淋巴瘤、原發性滲出性淋巴瘤、原發性腹膜癌、前列腺癌、胰腺癌、咽喉癌(pharyngeal cancer)、腹膜假性黏液瘤、腎細胞癌、腎髓質癌、視網膜母細胞瘤、橫紋肌瘤、橫紋肌肉瘤、里希特轉型(Richter's transformation)、直腸癌、肉瘤、施旺細胞瘤病(Schwannomatosis)、精原細胞瘤、支持細胞瘤(Sertoli cell tumor)、性腺間質腫瘤、印戒細胞癌(signet ring cell carcinoma)、皮膚癌、小藍圓細胞腫瘤、小細胞腺癌、軟組織肉瘤、體抑素瘤、煤煙疣、脊髓腫瘤、脾邊緣區淋巴瘤、鱗狀細胞癌、滑膜肉瘤、紮萊氏病(Sezary's disease)、小腸癌、鱗狀細胞癌、胃癌、T細胞淋巴瘤、睾丸癌、卵泡膜細胞瘤、甲狀腺癌、移行細胞癌、喉癌(throat cancer)、臍尿管癌、泌尿生殖癌、尿路上皮癌、葡萄膜黑素瘤、子宮癌、疣狀癌、視路神經膠質瘤、外陰癌、陰道癌、華氏巨球蛋白血症(Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia)、沃爾信氏腫瘤(Warthin's tumor)及威爾姆氏腫瘤(Wilms' tumor)。在一些實施例中,癌症可為腺癌、成人T細胞性白血病/淋巴瘤、膀胱癌、胚細胞瘤、骨癌、乳癌、腦癌、腺癌、髓樣肉瘤、宮頸癌、結腸直腸癌、食道癌、胃腸癌、多形性膠質母細胞瘤、神經膠質瘤、膽囊癌、胃癌、頭頸癌、霍奇金氏淋巴瘤、非霍奇金氏淋巴瘤、腸癌、腎癌、喉癌、白血病、肺癌、淋巴瘤、肝癌、小細胞肺癌、非小細胞肺癌、間皮瘤、多發性骨髓瘤、急性骨髓性白血病(AML)、彌漫性大B細胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)、眼癌、視神經腫瘤、口腔癌、卵巢癌、垂體腫瘤、原發性中樞神經系統淋巴瘤、前列腺癌、胰腺癌、咽喉癌、腎細胞癌、直腸癌、肉瘤、皮膚癌、脊髓腫瘤、小腸癌、胃癌、T細胞淋巴瘤、睾丸癌、
甲狀腺癌、喉癌、泌尿生殖癌、尿路上皮癌、子宮癌、陰道癌或威爾姆氏腫瘤。
在一些實施例中,癌症為血液癌症。
在一些實施例中,癌症為多發性骨髓瘤、急性骨髓性白血病(AML)或彌漫性大B細胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)。
可使用化合物1治療之疾病亦包括MYC依賴性癌症,其中癌症與myc RNA表現或MYC蛋白表現中之至少一者相關。可藉由確定癌性組織或細胞中之myc RNA表現或MYC蛋白表現來識別用於該種治療之患者。
可由化合物1治療之疾病亦包括非癌性增殖性病症。可治療之增殖性病症之實例包括(但不限於)良性軟組識腫瘤、骨腫瘤、腦及脊髓腫瘤、眼瞼及眼眶腫瘤、肉芽腫、脂肪瘤、腦脊髓膜瘤、多發性內分泌瘤病、鼻息肉、垂體腫瘤、促乳素瘤、假腦瘤、脂溢性角化病、胃息肉、甲狀腺結節、胰腺囊性瘤、血管瘤、聲帶小結、息肉及囊腫、卡斯特曼病(Castleman disease)、慢性藏毛病、皮膚纖維瘤、毛髮囊腫、化膿性肉芽腫及青少年息肉症候群。
可由化合物1治療之疾病及病況亦包括慢性自體免疫及發炎性病況。可治療之自體免疫及發炎性病況之實例包括移植器官之急性、超急性或慢性排斥反應、急性痛風、急性發炎反應(諸如急性呼吸窘迫症候群及缺血/再灌注損傷)、阿狄森氏病(Addison's disease)、無γ球蛋白血症、過敏性鼻炎、過敏、禿頭症、阿茲海默氏病(Alzheimer's disease)、闌尾炎、動脈粥樣硬化、氣喘、骨關節炎、青少年關節炎、牛皮癬關節炎、類風濕性關節炎、異位性皮炎、自體免疫性禿頭症、自體免疫溶血性及血小板減少性狀態、自體免疫性低腦垂腺功能症、自體免疫性多內分泌腺病、白塞氏病
(Behcet's disease)、大皰性皮膚病、膽囊炎、慢性特發性血小板減少性紫癜、慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)、肝硬化、退化性關節病、抑鬱症、皮炎、皮肌炎、濕疹、腸炎、腦炎、胃炎、絲球體腎炎、巨細胞動脈炎、古德帕斯徹氏症候群(Goodpasture's syndrome)、格-巴二氏症候群(Guillain-Barre syndrome)、齒齦炎、格雷氏病(Graves' disease)、橋本甲狀腺炎(Hashimoto's thyroiditis)、肝炎、垂體炎、發炎性腸病(克羅恩氏病(Crohn's disease)及潰瘍性結腸炎)、發炎性盆腔疾病、大腸急躁症、川崎病(Kawasaki disease)、LPS誘發之內毒素休克、腦膜炎、多發性硬化症、心肌炎、重症肌無力、蕈樣肉芽腫、肌炎、腎炎、骨髓炎、胰腺炎、帕金森氏病(Parkinson's disease)、心包炎、惡性貧血、肺炎、原發性膽道硬化性膽管炎、結節性多動脈炎、牛皮癬、視網膜炎、鞏膜炎、硬皮病(scleracierma)、硬皮病(scleroderma)、竇炎、修格連氏病(Sjogren's disease)、敗血症、敗血性休克、曬傷、全身性紅斑狼瘡、組織移植排斥反應、甲狀腺炎、I型糖尿病、高安動脈炎(Takayasu's arteritis)、尿道炎、葡萄膜炎、血管炎、包括巨細胞動脈炎之血管炎、伴有器官受損之血管炎(諸如絲球體腎炎)、白癜風、華氏巨球蛋白血症(Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia)及韋格納肉芽腫病(Wegener's granulomatosis)。
可由化合物1治療之疾病及病況亦包括涉及對細菌、病毒、真菌、寄生蟲或其毒素之感染的發炎反應之疾病及病況,諸如敗血症、敗血症候群、敗血性休克、內毒素血症、全身性發炎反應症候群(SIRS)、多器官功能障礙症候群、中毒休克症候群、急性肺損傷、ARDS(成人呼吸窘迫症候群)、急性腎衰竭、暴發性肝炎、燒傷、急性胰腺炎、術後症候群、類肉瘤病、赫氏反應(Herxheimer reaction)、腦炎、脊髓炎、腦膜炎、瘧疾、與病毒感染相關之SIRS,諸如流感、帶狀皰疹、單純性皰疹及冠狀病毒。
可由化合物1治療之其他疾病包括病毒感染。可治療之病毒感染之實例包括艾普斯坦-巴爾病毒(Epstein-Barr virus)、B型肝炎病毒、C型肝炎病毒、皰疹病毒、人類免疫缺乏病毒、人類乳頭狀瘤病毒、腺病毒、痘病毒及其他基於游離基因體之DNA病毒。因此,化合物1可用於治療諸如以下之疾病及病況:單純性皰疹感染及再生、感冒瘡、帶狀皰疹感染及再生、水痘、帶狀皰疹、人類乳頭狀瘤病毒、宮頸贅瘤、腺病毒感染(包括急性呼吸道疾病)及痘病毒感染(諸如牛痘及天花)及非洲豬瘟病毒。在一些實施例中,化合物1可用於治療皮膚或宮頸上皮之人類乳頭狀瘤病毒感染。
可由化合物1治療之疾病及病況亦包括與缺血-再灌注損傷相關之病況。該等病況之實例包括(但不限於)諸如以下之病況:心肌梗塞、腦血管缺血(中風)、急性冠狀動脈症候群、腎再灌注損傷、器官移植、冠狀動脈繞道移植、心肺繞道程序及肺、腎、肝、胃腸或外周肢體栓塞。
化合物1亦適用於經由調節APO-A1治療脂質代謝病症,諸如高膽固醇血症、動脈粥樣硬化及阿茲海默氏病。
化合物1亦適用於治療纖維變性病況,諸如特發性肺纖維化、腎纖維化、術後狹窄、瘢痕瘤形成、硬皮病及心肌纖維化。
化合物1亦可用於治療眼科適應症,諸如乾眼症。
化合物1亦可用於治療心臟病,諸如心臟衰竭。
如本文所用,術語「接觸」係指將活體外系統或活體內系統中之指定部分放在一起。例如,「使BET蛋白與化合物1(例如,固體形式之化合物1,諸如結晶固體形式)接觸」包括向具有BET蛋白之個體或患者(諸如人類)投與化合物1以及例如將本文提供之固體形式之化合物引入含有含BET蛋白之細胞或純化製劑之樣品中。
如本文所用,可互換使用之術語「個體」或「患者」係指任何動物,包括哺乳動物,較佳為小鼠、大鼠、其他囓齒動物、兔、狗、貓、豬、牛、綿羊、馬或靈長類動物,且最佳為人類。
如本文所用,片語「治療有效量」係指引發研究者、獸醫、醫師或其他臨床醫生在組織、系統、動物、個體或人類中所尋求之生物學或醫學反應的活性化合物或醫藥劑的量。
如本文所用,術語「治療(treating)」或「治療(treatment)」係指抑制疾病;例如在經歷或展現疾病、病況或病症之病理或症狀之個體中抑制疾病、病況或病症(亦即,阻止病理及/或症狀進一步發展)或緩解疾病;例如在經歷或展現疾病、病況或病症之病理或症狀之個體中緩解疾病、病況或病症(亦即,使病理及/或症狀發生逆轉),諸如減小疾病之嚴重性。
如本文所用,術語「預防(preventing)」或「預防(prevention)」係指預防疾病;例如在可能存在疾病、病況或病症傾向但尚未經歷或展現疾病之病理或症狀的個體中預防疾病、病況或病症。
化合物1可用於組合治療中,其中化合物1結合諸如投與一或多種其他治療劑之其他治療一起投與。其他治療劑通常為正常用於治療待治療之特定病況的彼等治療劑。其他治療劑可包括例如用於治療BET蛋白相關疾病、病症或病況之化療劑、消炎劑、類固醇、免疫抑制劑以及Bcr-Abl、Flt-3、RAF、FAK及JAK激酶抑制劑。該一或多種其他醫藥劑可同時或相繼投與至患者。
在一些實施例中,化合物1可與靶向表觀遺傳調節因子之治療劑組合使用。表觀遺傳調節因子之實例包括組蛋白離胺酸甲基轉移酶、組蛋白精胺酸甲基轉移酶、組蛋白去甲基酶、組蛋白去乙醯酶、組蛋白乙醯酶
及DNA甲基轉移酶。組蛋白去乙醯酶抑制劑包括例如伏立諾他(vorinostat)。
對於治療癌症及其他增殖性疾病而言,化合物1可與化療劑或其他抗增殖劑組合使用。化合物1亦可與醫學療法組合使用,諸如手術或放射治療,例如γ輻射、中子束放射治療、電子束放射治療、質子治療、近接治療及全身放射性同位素。合適化療劑之實例包括以下中之任一者:阿巴瑞克(abarelix)、阿地白介素(aldesleukin)、阿倫單抗(alemtuzumab)、阿利維A酸(alitretinoin)、別嘌呤醇(allopurinol)、六甲蜜胺(altretamine)、阿那曲唑(anastrozole)、三氧化二砷、天門冬醯胺酶(asparaginase)、阿紮胞苷(azacitidine)、貝伐珠單抗(bevacizumab)、蓓薩羅丁(bexarotene)、博萊黴素(bleomycin)、硼替佐米(bortezombi)、硼替佐米(bortezomib)、靜脈用白消安(busulfan intravenous)、口服用白消安(busulfan oral)、卡普睾酮(calusterone)、卡培他濱(capecitabine)、卡鉑(carboplatin)、卡莫司汀(carmustine)、西妥昔單抗(cetuximab)、苯丁酸氮芥(chlorambucil)、順鉑(cisplatin)、克拉屈濱(cladribine)、克羅拉濱(clofarabine)、環磷醯胺、阿糖胞苷(cytarabine)、達卡巴嗪(dacarbazine)、放線菌素D(dactinomycin)、達肝素鈉、達沙替尼(dasatinib)、道諾黴素(daunorubicin)、地西他濱(decitabine)、地尼白介素(denileukin)、地尼白介素(denileukin diftitox)、右雷佐生(dexrazoxane)、多烯紫杉醇(docetaxel)、阿黴素(doxorubicin)、屈他雄酮丙酸酯(dromostanolone propionate)、依庫珠單抗(eculizumab)、表柔比星(epirubicin)、埃羅替尼(erlotinib)、雌莫司汀(estramustine)、磷酸依託泊苷(etoposide phosphate)、依託泊苷(etoposide)、依西美坦(exemestane)、檸檬酸芬太尼(fentanyl citrate)、非格司亭(filgrastim)、氟尿苷(floxuridine)、氟達拉濱(fludarabine)、氟尿嘧啶、氟維司群(fulvestrant)、吉非替尼(gefitinib)、吉西他濱(gemcitabine)、吉妥珠單抗奧唑米星
(gemtuzumab ozogamicin)、乙酸戈舍瑞林(goserelin acetate)、乙酸組氨瑞林(histrelin acetate)、替伊莫單抗(ibritumomab tiuxetan)、黃膽素(idarubicin)、異環磷醯胺(ifosfamide)、甲磺酸伊馬替尼(imatinib mesylate)、干擾素α2a、伊立替康(irinotecan)、二甲苯磺酸拉帕替尼(lapatinib ditosylate)、來那度胺(lenalidomide)、來曲唑(letrozole)、甲醯四氫葉酸(leucovorin)、乙酸亮丙瑞林(leuprolide acetate)、左旋咪唑(levamisole)、洛莫司汀(lomustine)、氮芥(meclorethamine)、乙酸甲地孕酮(megestrol acetate)、美法侖(melphalan)、巰嘌呤(mercaptopurine)、甲胺喋呤(methotrexate)、甲氧沙林(methoxsalen)、絲裂黴素C、米托坦(mitotane)、米托蒽醌(mitoxantrone)、苯丙酸諾龍(nandrolone phenpropionate)、奈拉濱(nelarabine)、諾非單抗(nofetumomab)、奧賽力鉑(oxaliplatin)、太平洋紫杉醇、帕米膦酸鹽(pamidronate)、帕尼單抗(panitumumab)、培門冬酶(pegaspargase)、培非格司亭(pegfilgrastim)、培美曲塞二鈉(pemetrexed disodium)、噴司他丁(pentostatin)、哌泊溴烷(pipobroman)、普卡黴素(plicamycin)、丙卡巴肼(Procarbazine)、奎納克林(quinacrine)、拉布立酶(rasburicase)、利妥昔單抗(rituximab)、魯索利替尼(ruxolitinib)、索拉非尼(sorafenib)、鏈脲佐菌素(streptozocin)、舒尼替尼(sunitinib)、順丁烯二酸舒尼替尼(sunitinib maleate)、他莫昔芬(tamoxifen)、替莫唑胺(temozolomide)、替尼泊苷(teniposide)、睾內酯酮(testolactone)、沙利度胺(thalidomide)、硫鳥嘌呤(thioguanine)、噻替哌(thiotepa)、拓撲替康(topotecan)、托瑞米芬(toremifene)、托西莫單抗(tositumomab)、曲妥珠單抗(trastuzumab)、維甲酸(tretinoin)、烏拉莫司汀(uracil mustard)、戊柔比星(valrubicin)、長春鹼(vinblastine)、長春新鹼(vincristine)、長春瑞濱(vinorelbine)、伏立諾他及唑來膦酸鹽(zoledronate)。
對於治療癌症及其他增殖性疾病而言,化合物1可與魯索利替尼組合使用。
化合物1可與一或多種免疫檢查點抑制劑組合使用。例示性免疫檢查點抑制劑包括對抗諸如CD27、CD28、CD40、CD122、CD96、CD73、CD47、OX40、GITR、CSF1R、JAK、PI3K δ、PI3K γ、TAM、精胺酸酶、CD137(亦稱為4-1BB)、ICOS、A2AR、B7-H3、B7-H4、BTLA、CTLA-4、LAG3、TIM3、VISTA、PD-1、PD-L1及PD-L2之免疫檢查點分子的抑制劑。在一些實施例中,免疫檢查點分子為選自CD27、CD28、CD40、ICOS、OX40、GITR及CD137之刺激性檢查點分子。在一些實施例中,免疫檢查點分子為選自A2AR、B7-H3、B7-H4、BTLA、CTLA-4、IDO、KIR、LAG3、PD-1、TIM3及VISTA之抑制性檢查點分子。在一些實施例中,本文提供之化合物可與一或多種選自KIR抑制劑、TIGIT抑制劑、LAIR1抑制劑、CD160抑制劑、2B4抑制劑及TGFRβ抑制劑之藥劑組合使用。
在一些實施例中,免疫檢查點分子之抑制劑為抗-PD1抗體、抗-PD-L1抗體或抗-CTLA-4抗體。
在一些實施例中,免疫檢查點分子之抑制劑為PD-1之抑制劑,例如抗-PD-1單株抗體。在一些實施例中,抗-PD-1單株抗體為納武單抗(nivolumab)、派姆單抗(pembrolizumab)(亦稱為MK-3475)、匹地利單抗(pidilizumab)、SHR-1210、PDR001或AMP-224。在一些實施例中,抗-PD-1單株抗體為納武單抗或派姆單抗。在一些實施例中,抗-PD1抗體為派姆單抗。
在一些實施例中,免疫檢查點分子之抑制劑為PD-L1之抑制劑,例如抗-PD-L1單株抗體。在一些實施例中,抗-PD-L1單株抗體為
BMS-935559、MEDI4736、MPDL3280A(亦稱為RG7446)或MSB0010718C。在一些實施例中,抗-PD-L1單株抗體為MPDL3280A或MEDI4736。
在一些實施例中,免疫檢查點分子之抑制劑為CTLA-4之抑制劑,例如抗-CTLA-4抗體。在一些實施例中,抗-CTLA-4抗體為伊匹單抗(ipilimumab)。
在一些實施例中,免疫檢查點分子之抑制劑為LAG3之抑制劑,例如抗-LAG3抗體。在一些實施例中,抗-LAG3抗體為BMS-986016或LAG525。
在一些實施例中,免疫檢查點分子之抑制劑為GITR之抑制劑,例如抗-GITR抗體。在一些實施例中,抗-GITR抗體為TRX518或MK-4166。
在一些實施例中,免疫檢查點分子之抑制劑為OX40之抑制劑,例如抗-OX40抗體或OX40L融合蛋白。在一些實施例中,抗-OX40抗體為MEDI0562。在一些實施例中,OX40L融合蛋白為MEDI6383。
化合物1可與一或多種藥劑組合用於治療諸如癌症之疾病。在一些實施例中,藥劑為烷基化劑、蛋白酶體抑制劑、皮質類固醇或免疫調節劑。烷基化劑之實例包括環磷醯胺(CY)、美法侖(MEL)及苯達莫司汀(bendamustine)。在一些實施例中,蛋白酶體抑制劑為卡非佐米(carfilzomib)。在一些實施例中,皮質類固醇為地塞米松(dexamethasone)(DEX)。在一些實施例中,免疫調節劑為來那度胺(LEN)或泊馬度胺(pomalidomide)(POM)。
對於治療自體免疫或發炎性病況而言,化合物1可與皮質類固醇組合投與,諸如曲安西龍(triamcinolone)、地塞米松、氟新諾龍(fluocinolone)、可的松(cortisone)、甲潑尼龍(prednisolone)或氟米龍(flumetholone)。
對於治療自體免疫或發炎性病況而言,化合物1可與免疫抑制劑組合投與,諸如丙酮氟欣諾隆(fluocinolone acetonide)(Retisert®)、利美索龍(rimexolone)(AL-2178、Vexol、Alcon)或環孢素(cyclosporine)(Restasis®)。
對於治療自體免疫或發炎性病況而言,化合物1可與一或多種選自以下之其他藥劑組合投與:DehydrexTM(Holles Labs)、Civamide(Opko)、玻糖醛酸鈉(Visimed,Lantibio/TRB Chemedia)、環孢素(ST-603,Sirion Therapeutics)、ARG101(T)(睾固酮,Argentis)、AGR1012(P)(Argentis)、依卡倍特鈉(ecabet sodium)(Senju-Ista)、吉法酯(gefarnate)(Santen)、15-(s)-羥基二十碳四烯酸(15(S)-HETE)、西維美林(cevilemine)、去氧羥四環素(ALTY-0501,Alacrity)、米諾四環素(minocycline)、iDestrinTM(NP50301,Nascent Pharmaceuticals)、環孢素A(Nova22007,Novagali)、氧四環素(oxytetracycline)(Duramycin,MOLI1901,Lantibio)、CF101(2S,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-二羥基-5-[6-[(3-碘苯基)甲胺基]嘌呤-9-基]-N-甲基-氧雜環戊烷-2-胺甲醯基,Can-Fite Biopharma)、伏環孢素(voclosporin)(LX212或LX214,Lux Biosciences)、ARG103(Agentis)、RX-10045(合成性消退素類似物,Resolvyx)、DYN15(Dyanmis Therapeutics)、利格列酮(rivoglitazone)(DE011,Daiichi Sanko)、TB4(RegeneRx)、OPH-01(Ophtalmis Monaco)、PCS101(Pericor Science)、REV1-31(Evolutec)、Lacritin(Senju)、瑞巴派特(rebamipide)(Otsuka-Novartis)、OT-551(Othera)、PAI-2(University of Pennsylvania and Temple University)、毛果芸香鹼(pilocarpine)、他克莫司(tacrolimus)、吡美莫司(pimecrolimus)(AMS981,Novartis)、依碳氯替潑諾(loteprednol etabonate)、利妥昔單抗、地誇磷索四鈉(diquafosol tetrasodium)(INS365,Inspire)、KLS-0611(Kissei Pharmaceuticals)、脫氫表雄酮(dehydroepiandrosterone)、阿那白滯素(anakinra)、依法利珠單抗(efalizumab)、
黴酚酸鈉(mycophenolate sodium)、依那西普(etanercept)(Embrel®)、羥氯喹(hydroxychloroquine)、NGX267(TorreyPines Therapeutics)或沙利度胺。
在一些實施例中,化合物1可與一或多種選自以下之其他藥劑組合投與:抗生素、抗病毒劑、抗真菌劑、麻醉劑、消炎劑(包括類固醇及非類固醇消炎劑)及抗過敏劑。合適藥物之實例包括胺基糖苷類,諸如阿米卡星(amikacin)、慶大黴素(gentamycin)、妥布黴素(tobramycin)、鏈黴素(streptomycin)、奈替黴素(netilmycin)及卡那黴素(kanamycin);氟喹諾酮類,諸如環丙沙星(ciprofloxacin)、諾氟沙星(norfloxacin)、氧氟沙星(ofloxacin)、曲伐沙星(trovafloxacin)、洛美沙星(lomefloxacin)、左氧氟沙星(levofloxacin)及依諾沙星(enoxacin);萘啶;磺醯胺;多黏菌素;氯黴素(chloramphenicol);新黴素(neomycin);巴龍黴素(paramomycin);多黏菌素E甲磺酸鹽(colistimethate);桿菌肽(bacitracin);萬古黴素(vancomycin);四環素(tetracycline);利福平(rifampin)及其衍生物(「利福平類」);環絲胺酸(cycloserine);β-內醯胺;頭孢菌素;兩性黴素;氟康唑(fluconazole);氟胞嘧啶(flucytosine);那他黴素(natamycin);咪康唑(miconazole);酮康唑(ketoconazole);皮質類固醇;雙氯芬酸(diclofenac);氟比洛芬(flurbiprofen);酮洛酸(ketorolac);舒洛芬(suprofen);色甘酸(cromolyn);洛度沙胺(lodoxamide);左卡巴斯汀(levocabastin);萘甲唑啉(naphazoline);安他唑啉(antazoline);非尼拉敏(pheniramine);或氮雜內酯類抗生素(azalide antibiotic)。
所提供之化合物亦可與其中一或多者組合之藥劑的其他實例包括:用於治療阿茲海默氏病之藥劑,諸如多奈哌齊(donepezil)及卡巴拉汀(rivastigmine);用於治療帕金森病(Parkinson's Disease)之藥劑,諸如L-DOPA/碳度巴(carbidopa)、恩他卡朋(entacapone)、羅匹尼羅(ropinirole)、普拉克索
(pramipexole)、溴隱亭(bromocriptine)、培高利特(pergolide)、苯海索(trihexyphenidyl)及金剛烷胺(amantadine);用於治療多發性硬化症(MS)之藥劑,諸如β干擾素(例如,Avonex®及Rebif®)、乙酸格拉替雷(glatiramer acetate)及米托蒽醌;用於治療氣喘之藥劑,諸如沙丁胺醇(albuterol)及孟魯司特(montelukast);用於治療精神分裂症之藥劑,諸如再普樂(zyprexa)、利培酮(risperdal)、思瑞康(seroquel)及氟哌啶醇(haloperidol);消炎劑,諸如皮質類固醇,,諸如地塞米松或強的松(prednisone)、TNF阻斷劑、IL-1 RA、硫唑嘌呤(azathioprine)、環磷醯胺及柳氮磺吡啶(sulfasalazine);免疫調節劑,包括免疫抑制劑,諸如環孢素、他克莫司、雷帕黴素(rapamycin)、黴酚酸酯(mycophenolate mofetil)、干擾素、皮質類固醇、環磷醯胺、硫唑嘌呤及柳氮磺吡啶;神經營養因子,諸如乙醯膽鹼酯酶抑制劑、MAO抑制劑、干擾素、抗驚厥劑、離子通道阻斷劑、利魯唑(riluzole)或抗帕金森病劑(anti-Parkinson's agent);用於治療心血管疾病之藥劑,諸如β-阻斷劑、ACE抑制劑、利尿劑、硝酸鹽、鈣通道阻斷劑或抑制素;用於治療肝病之藥劑,諸如皮質類固醇、消膽胺(cholestyramine)、干擾素及抗病毒劑;用於治療血液病症之藥劑,諸如皮質類固醇、抗白血病劑或生長因子;或用於治療免疫缺乏病症之藥劑,諸如γ球蛋白。
在一些實施例中,化合物1與以下各物組合投與:JAK激酶抑制劑(例如,魯索利替尼、托法替尼(tofacitinib)、巴瑞克替尼(baricitinib)、CYT387、GLPG0634、來他替尼(lestaurtinib)、帕克替尼(pacritinib)、TG101348或JAK1-選擇性抑制劑)、Pim激酶抑制劑(包括PIM1、PIM2及PIM3中一或多者之抑制劑)、PI3激酶抑制劑(包括PI3K-δ選擇性及廣效PI3K抑制劑)、MEK抑制劑、週期蛋白依賴性激酶抑制劑、b-RAF抑制劑、mTOR抑制劑、蛋白酶體抑制劑(例如,硼替佐米、卡非佐米)、HDAC-抑制劑(例如,帕比司
他(panobinostat)、伏立諾他)、DNA甲基轉移酶抑制劑、地塞米松、美法侖或免疫調節劑(例如,來那度胺(lenolidomide)、泊馬度胺)。
當用作藥物時,化合物1(例如,固體形式之化合物1,諸如結晶固體形式)可作為醫藥組合物投與。該等組合物可由醫藥學技術中熟知之方式來製備,且可視需要局部或全身治療及待治療之區域而由各種途徑來投與。
投藥可為局部的(包括經皮、表皮、眼睛及投與至包括鼻內、陰道及直腸傳遞之黏膜)、經肺(例如,藉由吸入或吹入粉末或氣霧劑,包括藉由噴霧器;氣管內或鼻內)、經口或非經腸。非經腸投藥包括靜脈內、動脈內、皮下、腹膜內、肌肉內或注射或輸注;或顱內,例如囊內或腦室內投藥。非經腸投藥可呈單次劑量形式或例如可藉由連續灌注泵。用於局部投藥之醫藥組合物及調配物可包括經皮貼片、軟膏、洗劑、乳霜、凝膠、滴劑、栓劑、噴霧、液體及粉末。習知之醫藥學載劑、含水之粉末或油狀基質、增稠劑及其類似物可為必要或需要的。
本申請亦包括含有化合物1或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽作為活性成分與一或多種醫藥學上可接受之載劑(賦形劑)組合之醫藥組合物。在一些實施例中,組合物適用於局部投藥。在製備本文所述之組合物中,通常將活性成分與賦形劑混合、由賦形劑稀釋或封閉於例如呈膠囊、藥囊、紙或其他容器形式之該種載劑中。當賦形劑充當稀釋劑時,其可為固體、半固體或液體材料,其充當活性成分之媒劑、載劑或介質。因此,該等組合物可呈錠劑、藥丸、散劑、含片、藥囊、扁囊劑、酏劑、懸浮液、乳液、溶液、糖漿、氣霧劑(呈固體形式或在液體介質中)、含有例如多達10重量%活性
化合物之軟膏、軟及硬明膠膠囊、栓劑、無菌可注射溶液及無菌封裝散劑之形式。
在製備調配物中,化合物1可經研磨以提供適當粒度,之後與其他成分組合。若化合物1實質上不可溶,則可將其研磨至小於200目之粒度。若化合物1實質上具水溶性,則可藉由研磨調整粒度以在調配物中提供實質上均勻之分佈,例如約40目。
化合物1可使用諸如濕式研磨之已知研磨程序來研磨以獲得適合錠劑形成及其他調配類型之粒度。經精細分開(奈米顆粒)之化合物1製劑可藉由此項技術中已知之方法來製備,例如參見國際申請案第WO 2002/000196號。
合適賦形劑之一些實例包括乳糖、右旋糖、蔗糖、山梨糖醇、甘露糖醇、澱粉、阿拉伯膠、磷酸鈣、海藻酸鹽、黃蓍膠、明膠、矽酸鈣、微晶纖維素、聚乙烯吡咯啶酮、纖維素、水、糖漿及甲基纖維素。調配物另外可包括:潤滑劑,諸如滑石、硬脂酸鎂及礦物油;濕潤劑;乳化劑及懸浮劑;防腐劑,諸如羥基苯甲酸甲酯及羥基苯甲酸丙酯;甜味劑及調味劑。本文中提供之組合物可經調配以在藉由採用此項技術中已知之程序向患者投藥後提供快速、持續或延遲釋放活性成分。
組合物可經調配為含有所需量活性成分之單位劑型。術語「單位劑型」係指適合作為用於人類受檢者及其他哺乳動物之單一劑量的物理離散單元,每一單元含有預定量之經計算產生所需治療作用之活性材料以及合適之醫藥賦形劑。
活性化合物可在廣泛劑量範圍內有效且通常投與醫藥學有效量。然而應瞭解,實際投與化合物之量通常將由醫師根據相關情況來確定,包
括待治療之病況、選擇之投藥途徑、實際投與之化合物、個別患者之年齡、體重及反應、患者症狀之嚴重性及其類似因素。
對於製備諸如錠劑之固體組合物而言,將主要活性成分與醫藥學賦形劑混合以形成含有本文所提供化合物之均質混合物的固體預調配組合物。當提及該等預調配組合物為均質時,活性成分通常均勻分散於組合物中以便組合物可易於再分為同等有效之單位劑型,諸如錠劑、藥丸及膠囊。此固體預調配物隨後再分為上文所述類型之單位劑型。
本文所述之錠劑或藥丸可經塗佈或另外經混配以提供具有延長作用優勢之劑型。例如,錠劑或藥丸可包含內部劑量及外部劑量組分,後者為位於前者上之包膜形式。該兩種組分可由腸衣分開,腸衣用以對抗在胃中崩解且允許內部組分完整地進入十二指腸中或延遲釋放。各種材料可用於該等腸衣或塗層,該等材料包括多種聚合酸及聚合酸與諸如蟲膠、鯨蠟醇及乙酸纖維素之材料的混合物。
本文提供之化合物1及組合物可在其中合併以供經口或藉由注射投藥之液體形式包括水溶液、適當調味之糖漿、水性或油性懸浮液及具有諸如棉籽油、芝麻油、椰子油或花生油之食用油以及酏劑與類似醫藥學媒劑的調味乳液。
用於吸入或吹入之組合物包括在醫藥學上可接受之水性或有機溶劑或其混合物中之溶液及懸浮液,以及粉末。液體或固體組合物可含有如上文所述之合適的醫藥學上可接受之賦形劑。在一些實施例中,組合物藉由經口或鼻呼吸道途徑投與以達成局部或全身性作用。組合物可藉由使用惰性氣體霧化。霧化溶液可直接自霧化裝置呼吸或可將霧化裝置連接至面罩帷或間歇性正壓呼吸機。可自以適當方式傳遞調配物之裝置經口或經鼻投與溶液、懸浮液或粉末組合物。
局部調配物可含有一或多種習知載劑。在一些實施例中,軟膏可含有水及一或多種例如選自液體石蠟、聚氧乙烯烷基醚、丙二醇、白凡士林及其類似物之疏水性載劑。乳霜之載劑組合物可基於水與甘油及一或多種其他組分(例如甘油單硬脂酸酯、PEG-甘油單硬脂酸及鯨蠟硬脂醇)之組合。凝膠可使用異丙醇及水適當地與諸如甘油、羥乙基纖維素及其類似物之其他組分組合來調配。局部調配物可適當地封裝於例如100g之管中,其視情況附有用於治療選定適應症(例如牛皮癬或其他皮膚病)之說明。
投與患者之化合物或組合物之量將視投與物、投藥目的(諸如預防或治療)、患者狀態、投藥方式及其類似因素而變化。在治療應用中,可向已患病患者投與足以治癒或至少部分阻止疾病症狀及其併發症之量的組合物。有效劑量將取決於所治療之疾病病況以及由臨床醫師視諸如疾病嚴重性、患者年齡、體重及一般狀況及其類似因素來判斷。
投與至患者之組合物可為上述醫藥組合物之形式。該等組合物可藉由習知殺菌技術來殺菌或可經無菌過濾。水溶液可經封裝以供原樣使用或經凍乾,該凍乾製劑在投藥之前與無菌水性載劑組合。化合物製劑之pH通常將在3與11之間,更佳為5至9且最佳為7至8。應瞭解,使用某些上述賦形劑、載劑或穩定劑將導致形成醫藥鹽。
化合物1之治療劑量可根據例如進行治療之特定用途、化合物之投與方式、患者之健康及病況以及處方醫師之判斷而變化。本文所提供化合物在醫藥組合物中之比例或濃度可視多種因素而變化,包括劑量、化學特徵(例如疏水性)及投藥途徑。劑量可能取決於以下變數,諸如疾病或病症之類型及進展程度、特定患者之總體健康狀態、所選化合物之相對生物功效、賦形劑之調配物及其投藥途徑。有效劑量可由源自活體外或動物模型測試系統之劑量-反應曲線來外推。
本文提供之組合物可進一步包括一或多種其他醫藥劑,諸如化療劑、類固醇、消炎化合物或免疫抑制劑,其實例在上文中列舉。
將藉由特定實例來更詳細地描述本發明。提供以下實例用於說明性目的,且不欲以任何方式限制本發明。熟習此項技術者將易於意識到各種非關鍵參數,該等參數可變化或修改以產生基本上相同之結果。如下文所述,發現實例之化合物為一或多種BET蛋白之抑制劑。
根據流程1進行中間物化合物5之合成。
在室溫下經一分鐘向4-(甲磺醯基)-苯酚(化合物1a,10g,58.1mmol)在乙酸(HOAc,91mL)中之攪拌溶液中添加硝酸(69%,4.2mL,70mmol,1.2當量)。將反應加熱至70℃,此時觀測到放熱。將反應混合物在75-80℃下攪拌三小時。添加硝酸(69%,0.3mL,5.0mmol,0.086當量)且將混合物再攪拌一小時。將反應混合物冷卻至15℃且添加水(230mL)。攪
拌30分鐘後,藉由過濾收集所得固體,以水(2×45mL)沖洗且在真空下在45℃下乾燥5小時以產生粗的所需產物,4-(甲磺醯基)-2-硝基苯酚(化合物2,11.0g)。隨後在55℃下將粗的化合物2溶解於四氫呋喃(THF,110mL)中且緩慢添加溫水(45℃,275mL)。將溶液逐漸冷卻至室溫且在室溫下攪拌隔夜,之後進一步冷卻至9℃且在9℃下攪拌一小時。藉由過濾收集固體且在真空下在50℃下乾燥隔夜以產生黃色粉末狀之4-(甲磺醯基)-2-硝基苯酚(化合物2,10.15g,12.6g理論值,80.6%產率)。化合物2:C7H8NO4S(M+H)+之LCMS計算值:218.0,實驗值:218.1;1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ 12.20(br s,1H),8.34(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),8.00(dd,J=8.8Hz,J=2.4Hz,1 H),7.30(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),3.22(s,3H)ppm。
在0℃下向4-(甲磺醯基)-2-硝基-苯酚(化合物2,825g,3.8莫耳)在DMF(5.9L)中之溶液中添加N-溴代丁二醯亞胺(NBS,680g,3.82莫耳,1.0當量)。10分鐘後移除冷卻浴且將反應混合物在室溫下攪拌兩小時。當LCMS指示反應完成時,添加水(5.9L)且混合物在室溫下攪拌一小時。將固體過濾、以水(3×2.5L)洗滌且在真空下在45℃下乾燥隔夜以產生黃色粉末狀之2-溴-4-(甲磺醯基)-6-硝基苯酚(化合物3,1085g,1131.1g理論值,95.9%產率),其不經進一步純化即用於後續反應中。化合物3:C7H6BrNO5S(M-H)-之LCMS計算值:293.9,實驗值:294.0;1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ 8.33(d,J=2.0Hz,1 H),8.31(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),3.27(s,3H)ppm。
經一小時向2-溴-4-(甲磺醯基)-6-硝基苯酚(化合物3,1037g,3.5莫耳)及低亞硫酸鈉(Na2S2O4,85%技術等級,3.15kg,15.4莫耳,4.4當量)在四氫呋喃(THF,10L)與水(10L)之1:1混合物中之溶液中逐份添加碳酸氫
鈉(NaHCO3,2.6kg,30.95莫耳,8.8當量)。將所得反應混合物在室溫下攪拌兩小時。當LCMS指示反應完成時,以乙酸乙酯(EtOAc,2×10L)萃取反應混合物。在減壓下濃縮經合併之有機層。將殘餘物溶解於乙酸乙酯(EtOAc,13L)中且藉由過濾移除不溶性材料。在減壓下蒸發濾液以產生粗的米色粉末狀之2-胺基-6-溴-4-(甲磺醯基)苯酚(化合物4,736.5g,931.4g理論值,79%產率),其不經進一步純化即用於後續反應中。化合物4:C7H8BrNO3S(M+H)+之LCMS計算值:265.9,實驗值:266.1;1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ 7.15(d,J=2.4Hz,1 H),7.10(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),6.8(br s,2H),3.4(br s,1H),3.09(s,3H)ppm。
在室溫下向2-胺基-6-溴-4-(甲磺醯基)苯酚(化合物4,391g,1.47莫耳)在乙腈(8L)中之溶液中添加碳酸鉀(K2CO3,842g,6.1莫耳,4.15當量)在水(2.8L)中之溶液。隨後在室溫下經20分鐘向反應混合物中添加2-溴-2-甲基丙醯溴(466mL,864g,3.76莫耳,2.56當量)且將所得反應混合物在室溫下攪拌隔夜。當LCMS指示已形成相應開環中間物時,將反應混合物加熱至75℃歷時6小時。在減壓下將反應混合物濃縮至一半體積。添加水(4L)及1N鹽酸水溶液(HCl,2.24L)且將混合物攪拌15分鐘。藉由過濾收集固體,以水(1.2L)洗滌且在真空下在50℃下乾燥隔夜以產生粗的所需產物(化合物5,404g)。隨後在室溫下將粗產物以庚烷與MTBE之5:1混合物(1.2L)濕磨三小時。藉由過濾收集固體,以庚烷(1L)洗滌且在真空下乾燥以產生黃色至棕色粉末狀之8-溴-2,2-二甲基-6-(甲磺醯基)-2H-苯并[b][1,4]噁嗪-3(4H)-酮(化合物5,401g,491.3g理論值,81.6%產率,98%純度)。化合物5:C11H12BrNO4S(M+H)+之LCMS計算值:334.0,實驗值:333.9;
1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ 11.10(s,1H),7.74(d,J=2.0Hz,1 H),7.38(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),3.22(s,3H),1.46(s,6 H)ppm。
200L玻璃反應器裝配有頂置式攪拌器、熱電偶、加料漏斗及氮氣入口且以氮氣淨化該裝置。將DMF(30.0L)及8-溴-2,2-二甲基-6-(甲磺醯基)-2H-苯并[b][1,4]噁嗪-3(4H)-酮(化合物5,3000g,8.98莫耳)饋入反應器中且在周圍溫度下攪拌混合物直至獲得溶液。隨後將碳酸鉀(K2CO3,1371g,9.92莫耳,1.11當量)及碘甲烷(MeI,1536g,0.67L,10.83莫耳,1.21當量)饋入反應器中,同時將內部溫度維持在約17℃。將所得反應混合物攪拌約4小時,直至HPLC指示甲基化反應完成。向反應器中饋入飲用水(60.0L),同時將內部溫度維持在約19℃且將混合物在周圍溫度下攪拌約2.5小時。藉由過濾收集固體且將潮濕濾餅以飲用水(30.0L)洗滌並風乾約15.5小時,繼而在真空下在約45℃下乾燥以產生粗的灰白色至黃色粉末狀之8-溴-2,2,4-三甲基-6-(甲磺醯基)-2H-苯并[b][1,4]噁嗪-3(4H)-酮(化合物6,2834g,3127g理論值,90.6%產率),其不經進一步純化即用於後續反應中。化合物6:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ 7.83(d,J=1.9Hz,1H),7.59(d,J=1.9Hz,1H),3.37(s,3H),3.3.1(d,J=3.4Hz,3H),1.49(s,6H)ppm;13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ 167.47(s),144.14(s),136.03(s),131.46(s),126.07(s),113.71(s),111.25(s),79.80(s),43.98(s),29.42(s),24.28(s)ppm。
根據流程2進行中間物化合物9之合成。
向5-溴-2-甲氧基-4-甲基-3-硝基吡啶(化合物10,508g,2.057莫耳)在DMF(5.0L)中之溶液中添加甲醇(300mL)中之甲醇鋰(11.5g,0.303莫耳,0.147當量)。將反應混合物加熱至90℃且經10分鐘添加1,1-二甲氧基-N,N-二甲基甲胺(2180mL,8.0當量)。將反應混合物在90-95℃下攪拌隔夜。當LCMS指示反應完成時,將反應混合物冷卻至5℃且自加料漏斗添加冰冷水(12.2L)。將混合物在冷卻浴中攪拌一小時且藉由過濾收集沈澱之固體。將固體以冰冷水(2L)洗滌、歷時兩小時吸乾、隨後在真空下在40℃下乾燥隔夜以產生粗的紅色固體狀之(E)-2-(5-溴-2-甲氧基-3-硝基吡啶-4-基)-N,N-二甲基乙胺(化合物11,506g,619.2g理論值,81.7%產率),其不經進一步純化即用於後續反應中。化合物11:1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ 8.22(s,1H),7.03(d,J=3.5Hz,1 H),4.79(d,J=3.5Hz,1H),3.86(s,3H),2.89(s,6H)ppm。
向(E)-2-(5-溴-2-甲氧基-3-硝基吡啶-4-基)-N,N-二甲基乙胺(化合物11,587g,1.95莫耳)在四氫呋喃(THF,5.25L)中之溶液中相繼添加鐵粉(Fe,1085g,19.5莫耳,10當量)及乙酸(HOAc,4380mL,4595g,76.5莫耳,39.3當量)。將反應混合物加熱至40℃,導致經一小時緩慢且穩定放熱至77℃。在75℃下再攪拌兩小時後,LCMS指示反應完成。將反應混合物冷卻至50℃,以乙酸乙酯(EtOAc,4L)稀釋且在室溫下攪拌隔夜。藉由經矽藻土過濾移除固體,將其以乙酸乙酯(EtOAc,6L)進行沖洗。在減壓下濃縮合併之濾液。將殘餘物溶解於乙酸乙酯(EtOAc,16L)中且以碳酸鈉(Na2CO3,900g)在水(12L)中之溶液及以飽和鹽水(2L)洗滌溶液。以乙酸乙酯(EtOAc,4L)萃取經合併之含水層。在減壓下蒸發經合併之有機層。添加庚烷(4L)且在減壓下移除溶劑以定量地產生粗的深色固體狀之4-溴-7-甲氧基-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶(化合物12,450g),其不經進一步純化即用於後續反應中。化合物12:C8H7BrN2O(M+H)+之LCMS計算值:227.0,實驗值:227.1;1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ 7.73(s,1H),7.53(d,J=3.0Hz,1 H),6.40(d,J=3.0Hz,1H),3.99(s,3H)ppm。
經15分鐘向粗的4-溴-7-甲氧基-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶(化合物12,450g,1.95莫耳)在DMF(4.5L)中之溶液中逐份添加氫化鈉在礦物油中之60%分散液(NaH,120g,3莫耳,1.5當量)。反應混合物之溫度達到38℃。將反應混合物攪拌10分鐘,之後冷卻至20℃。全部一次性添加對甲苯磺醯氯(p-TsCl,562g,2.95莫耳,1.5當量)且將混合物在室溫下攪拌兩小時。當LCMS指示反應完成時,添加水(9L)。藉由過濾收集固體、以水(2.5L)沖洗,隨後溶解於乙酸乙酯(EtOAc,5L)中。以水(3L)洗滌溶液。以乙酸乙酯(EtOAc,3L)反萃取含水層。將經合併之有機層在減壓下濃縮以定量地產
生粗的深色固體狀之4-溴-7-甲氧基-1-甲苯磺醯基-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶(化合物13,801g),其不經進一步純化即用於後續反應中。化合物13:C15H13BrN2O3S(M+H)+之LCMS計算值:381.0;實驗值:381.0;1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ 8.15(d,J=3.8Hz,1H),7.97(s,1 H),7.83(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),7.43(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),6.78(d,J=3.8Hz,1H),3.80(s,3H),2.36(s,3H)ppm。
將粗的4-溴-7-甲氧基-1-甲苯磺醯基-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶(化合物13,801g,1.95莫耳)溶解於4M HCl在1,4-二噁烷(5.6L,22.4莫耳,11.5當量)中之溶液中且在40-45℃下攪拌12小時。在減壓下濃縮反應混合物且將殘餘物懸浮於乙醚(Et2O,1.5L)中。過濾固體且相繼以乙醚(Et2O,0.5L)及庚烷(1L)洗滌,之後在真空下在40℃下乾燥隔夜以產生粗的黃色粉末狀之4-溴-1-甲苯磺醯基-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-7-醇(化合物14,648g,716g理論值,90.5%產率,經三個步驟),其不經進一步純化即用於後續反應中。化合物14:C14H11BrN2O3S(M+H)+之LCMS計算值:367.0,實驗值:366.9;1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ 11.46(s,1H),8.01(d,J=3.5Hz,1H),7.92(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.38(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.33(s,1 H),6.57(d,J=3.5Hz,1H),2.36(s,3H)ppm。
經15分鐘向4-溴-1-甲苯磺醯基-1H-吡咯并-[2,3-c]吡啶-7-醇(化合物14,1000g,2.72莫耳)在DMF(5L)中之溶液中逐份添加氫化鈉在礦物油中之60%分散液(NaH,132g,3.3莫耳,1.2當量)。反應混合物之溫度達到39℃。攪拌30分鐘後,將反應混合物冷卻至20℃。添加碘甲烷(MeI,
205mL,467g,3.3莫耳,1.2當量)且將反應混合物在室溫下攪拌2.5小時。當LCMS指示反應完成時,添加水(13L)且將反應混合物攪拌30分鐘。過濾固體且相繼以水(2.5L)及庚烷(4L)洗滌。隨後將固體溶解於二氯甲烷(DCM,9L)中且將溶液轉移至分液漏斗中。移除殘餘水(約200mL)。將二氯甲烷溶液以硫酸鈉(Na2SO4,200g)、矽膠(SiO2,170g)及活性炭(20g)之混合物處理一小時。藉由經矽藻土(750g)墊過濾移除固體且以二氯甲烷(DCM,3L)洗滌矽藻土墊。向經合併之濾液中添加甲苯(1.2L)。在減壓下移除二氯甲烷。藉由過濾收集甲苯中之所得固體,相繼以甲苯(1.2L)及庚烷(1.2L)洗滌且在真空下在40℃下乾燥2小時以產生粗的4-溴-6-甲基-1-甲苯磺醯基-1,6-二氫-7H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-7-酮(化合物9,728g,1036.9g理論值,70.2%產率,99.3%純度),其不經進一步純化即用於後續反應中。化合物9:C15H13BrN2O3S(M+H)+之LCMS計算值:381.0,實驗值:381.0;1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ 8.03(m,1 H),7.93(m,2H),7.78(s,1H),7.41(m,2 H),6.58(m,1H),3.37(s,3H),2.36(s,3H)ppm。
根據流程3進行化合物1之合成。
100L玻璃反應器裝配有頂置式攪拌器、熱電偶、加料漏斗及氮氣入口且22L玻璃反應器裝配有頂置式攪拌器、冷凝器、熱電偶、加料漏斗及氮氣入口,且每個裝置經氮氣淨化。向100L反應器中饋入1,4-二噁烷(15.8L)、8-溴-2,2,4-三甲基-6-(甲磺醯基)-2H-苯并[b][1,4]噁嗪-3(4H)-酮(化合物6,1008g,2.90莫耳,1.05當量)、雙(頻哪醇基)二硼(1472g,5.80莫耳,2.11當量)及乙酸鉀(KOAc,854g,8.70莫耳,3.16當量)。使氮氣鼓泡穿過反應混合物歷時22分鐘且饋入Pd(dppf)Cl2-CH2Cl2(60.08g,0.07莫耳,0.03當量)並以1,4-二噁烷(0.5L)沖洗至100L反應器中。再次使氮氣鼓泡穿過反應混合物歷時22分鐘。將所得反應混合物加熱至輕微回流(約81℃)且在回流下攪拌約19小時,直至HPLC指示第一次偶合反應完成。隨後將反應混合物冷卻至約28℃。單獨地,藉由將碳酸氫鈉(NaHCO3,578g,6.89莫耳,2.50當量)與飲用水(8.3L)充分混合直至獲得溶液且隨後使氮氣鼓泡
穿過該溶液歷時約34分鐘來製備經脫氣之碳酸氫鈉水溶液。在周圍溫度下,將經脫氣之碳酸氫鈉水溶液及4-溴-6-甲基-1-甲苯磺醯基-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-7(6H)-酮(化合物9,1050g,2.75莫耳)相繼饋入100L之反應器中。將100L反應器中之所得反應混合物加熱至輕微回流(約89℃)且在回流下攪拌約2.5小時直至HPLC指示第二次偶合反應完成。將反應混合物冷卻至約29℃,之後饋入飲用水(26.3L)及乙酸乙酯(EtOAc,39.4L)。將混合物在周圍溫度下攪拌約19分鐘,之後經矽藻土(1050g)床過濾。以乙酸乙酯(EtOAc,4.2L)洗滌濾餅。將濾液及洗滌溶液再饋入100L反應器中,分離各相且使有機相保持在反應器中。單獨地,藉由將亞硫酸氫鈉(17,052g)與飲用水(41.0L)充分混合來製備亞硫酸氫鈉水溶液。將約三分之一之亞硫酸氫鈉水溶液(15.6L)饋入100L反應器中之有機溶液中且將所得混合物加熱至約50℃並在約54℃下攪拌約1小時。將混合物冷卻至約39℃且經如前相同之矽藻土墊過濾,並以乙酸乙酯(4.2L)洗滌濾餅。將經合併之濾液及洗滌溶液再饋入100L反應器中,分離各相且使有機相保持在反應器中。將約三分之一之亞硫酸氫鈉水溶液(15.6L)饋入100L反應器中之有機溶液中且將所得混合物加熱至約50℃並在約52℃下攪拌約1小時。將反應混合物冷卻至約40℃,分離各相且使有機相保持在反應器中。將剩餘之亞硫酸氫鈉水溶液(15.6L)饋入100L反應器中之有機溶液中且將所得混合物加熱至約50℃並在約50℃下攪拌約1小時。將混合物冷卻至約40℃,分離各相且使有機相保持在反應器中。相繼以飲用水(10.5L)及單獨由2100g氯化鈉及10.5L飲用水製備之氯化鈉水溶液洗滌有機相。在減壓下在約42℃下將有機相濃縮至剩餘11L之目標體積(饋入之每千克化合物9為10-12L)。將殘餘物轉移至22L反應器中。將有機相在減壓下在約52℃下進一步濃縮至剩餘5L之目標體積(饋入之每千克化合物9為5-6L)。將殘餘物冷卻至約24℃且在約19℃下
攪拌約11.5小時。藉由過濾收集固體且將濾餅以正庚烷(4.2L)洗滌並風乾約4小時,繼而在真空下在約15-17℃下進一步乾燥以產生粗的黃色至棕色粉末狀之2,2,4-三甲基-8-(6-甲基-7-側氧基-1-甲苯磺醯基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-4-基)-6-(甲磺醯基)-2H-苯并[b][1,4]噁嗪-3(4H)-酮(化合物8,1232g,1566.5g理論值,78.6%產率),將其與由相同程序產生之其他批次粗化合物8組合以如下所述進一步純化。
100L玻璃反應器裝配有頂置式攪拌器、冷凝器、熱電偶、加料漏斗及氮氣入口且以氮氣淨化該裝置。向反應器中饋入二氯甲烷(34L)及粗的2,2,4-三甲基-8-(6-甲基-7-側氧基-1-甲苯磺醯基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-4-基)-6-(甲磺醯基)-2H-苯并[b][1,4]噁嗪-3(4H)-酮(化合物8,3400g)且將混合物在約17℃下攪拌直至獲得溶液。向所得溶液中饋入Si-硫醇(850g)且將混合物加熱至約31℃並在31℃下攪拌約2.5小時。隨後將混合物冷卻至約20℃,之後過濾。以二氯甲烷(14L)洗滌濾餅且將經合併之濾液及洗滌溶液在真空下在約32℃下濃縮以產生經純化之黃色至棕色粉末狀之2,2,4-三甲基-8-(6-甲基-7-側氧基-1-甲苯磺醯基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-4-基)-6-(甲磺醯基)-2H-苯并[b][1,4]噁嗪-3(4H)-酮(化合物8,3728g),其具有一些有機溶劑且不經進一步乾燥直接用於後續反應中。化合物8:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ 7.99(dd,J=5.9,2.3Hz,3H),7.65(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.59(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.56(s,1H),7.44(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),6.46(d,J=3.5Hz,1H),3.48(s,3H),3.42(s,3H),3.30(s,3H),2.39(s,3H),1.38(s,6H)ppm;13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ 167.50(s),152.60(s),145.55(s),144.64(s),136.22(s),135.96(s),134.83(s),131.27(s),130.86(s),130.07(s),128.88(s),125.37(s),124.56(s),121.93(s),113.72(s),108.32(s),106.83(s),79.01(s),60.21(s),44.17(s),36.95(s),29.46(s),24.28(s),21.59(s),21.22(s),14.55(s)ppm。
50L玻璃反應器裝配有頂置式攪拌器、蒸餾裝置、熱電偶、加料漏斗及氮氣入口且以氮氣淨化該裝置。伴隨攪拌將1,4-二噁烷(10.2L)及2,2,4-三甲基-8-(6-甲基-7-側氧基-1-甲苯磺醯基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-4-基)-6-(甲磺醯基)-2H-苯并[b][1,4]噁嗪-3(4H)-酮(化合物8,3724g,來自前一步驟且具有溶劑,3400g乾基,5.97莫耳)饋入反應器中且將反應混合物加熱至約62℃。單獨地,藉由充分混合氫氧化鈉(NaOH,860g,21.49莫耳,3.60當量)及飲用水(21.5L)來製備氫氧化鈉水溶液。經約26分鐘將氫氧化鈉水溶液饋入反應器中,同時將內部溫度維持在低於70℃。將反應混合物加熱至約84℃且在約84℃下攪拌約2.5小時,直至HPLC指示去保護反應完成。將反應混合物在減壓下在約70℃下蒸餾至剩餘17L之目標體積(饋入之每千克化合物8為5L)。饋入飲用水(13.6L)且在減壓下在約76℃下繼續蒸餾直至再收集7L(饋入之每千克化合物8為2L)。將剩餘混合物冷卻至約25℃且在約18℃下攪拌約11小時。藉由過濾收集固體且以水(34L)洗滌濾餅並在過濾器上乾燥約1小時,繼而風乾約5天以產生粗的2,2,4-三甲基-8-(6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-4-基)-6-(甲磺醯基)-2H-苯并[b][1,4]噁嗪-3(4H)-酮(化合物1,1728g,2480g理論值,69.7%產率),將其根據下文所述之程序純化。
50L玻璃反應器裝配有頂置式攪拌器、熱電偶及氮氣入口且以氮氣淨化該裝置。伴隨攪拌將乙腈(17.2L)及粗的2,2,4-三甲基-8-(6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-4-基)-6-(甲磺醯基)-2H-苯并[b][1,4]噁嗪-3(4H)-酮(粗化合物1,1726g,4.25莫耳)饋入反應器中。將所得混合物加熱至約72℃且在70-75℃下攪拌約1.5小時。隨後將混合物冷卻至約25℃
且在周圍溫度下攪拌約1小時。藉由過濾收集固體且以乙腈(9L)洗滌濾餅,之後再與乙腈(17L)一起饋入反應器中。將混合物加熱至約39℃且在約39℃下攪拌約1.5小時。將混合物冷卻至約17℃且在17℃下攪拌約15小時。藉由過濾收集固體且以二氯甲烷(9L)洗滌濾餅。將產物在過濾器上乾燥約2小時,繼而風乾約1天以產生經純化之2,2,4-三甲基-8-(6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-4-基)-6-(甲磺醯基)-2H-苯并[b][1,4]噁嗪-3(4H)-酮(化合物1,1458g,1726g理論值,84.5%產率),根據下文所述程序使其再結晶以產生所需之結晶形式。
100L玻璃反應器裝配有頂置式攪拌器、熱電偶、加料漏斗及氮氣入口且50L玻璃反應器裝配有頂置式攪拌器、冷凝器、熱電偶、加料漏斗及氮氣入口且以氮氣淨化每種裝置。伴隨攪拌相繼向100L反應器中饋入甲醇(18.9L)、化合物1(1454g)及丙酮(18.9L)。將所得混合物加熱至約57℃且在約57℃下攪拌約1.25小時直至獲得透明溶液。將混合物經串聯過濾器轉移至清潔之50L反應器中。將100L反應器及過濾器以穿過過濾器之甲醇(2.9L)沖洗至50L反應器中。將50L反應器中之混合物加熱至約52℃且在約56℃下攪拌約7分鐘直至獲得透明溶液。隨後將反應器中之溶液在減壓下在約58℃下濃縮至剩餘38L之目標體積。將經過濾之正庚烷(37.7L)逐份添加至反應器中,同時將內部溫度維持在低於60℃。減壓下之蒸餾在約59℃下繼續至剩餘22L之目標體積。將剩餘混合物冷卻至約24℃且在約17℃下攪拌約6.75小時。藉由過濾收集固體且以經過濾之正庚烷(7.3L)洗滌濾餅並在過濾器上乾燥約1小時繼而在真空下在60-65℃下乾燥以產生白色至灰白色結晶(形式I)粉末狀之2,2,4-三甲基-8-(6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫
-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-4-基)-6-(甲磺醯基)-2H-苯并[b][1,4]噁嗪-3(4H)-酮(化合物1,1404g,1454g理論值,96.6%)。化合物1:熔點266.4℃;1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ 12.13(s,1H),7.67(d,J=1.9Hz,1H),7.62(d,J=1.9Hz,1H),7.33(s,2H),6.19(s,1H),3.59(s,3H),3.43(s,3H),3.31(s,3H),1.41(s,6H)ppm;13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ 167.66(s),154.57(s),144.55(s),134.74(s),130.96(s),130.33(s),129.68(s),127.40(s),126.96(s),124.39(s),123.53(s),113.15(s),109.35(s),103.07(s),78.80(s),44.22(s),36.15(s),29.46(s),24.26(s)ppm。
使用如上文類似之程序在四氫呋喃(THF)、丙酮及正庚烷之混合物中進行再結晶產生形式II之結晶化合物1藥物物質。形式I及形式II兩者在DSC上均具有極尖銳之熔融吸熱峰,且該兩種形式之熔融峰溫相差約一度:形式I為266.4℃且形式II為267.5℃。形式I與形式II具有極為不同之XRD圖案,但兩者在水性懸浮液中均為穩定的。研究表明形式I係在MeOH及丙酮中最穩定之形式,而形式II在IPA中更為穩定。在甲醇、丙酮及正庚烷之混合物中,形式I與形式II可視諸如溶劑比、溫度及時間之條件而彼此互換。形式I及形式II之結晶化合物1在有機溶劑及水中具有類似之溶解性。
亦可藉由添加約30mg化合物1至約2mL之化合物1在丙酮中之飽和或混濁溶液,繼而在25±1℃下攪拌3天來獲得形式I。
根據流程4進行化合物8之替代性合成。
500-mL三頸圓底燒瓶裝配有冷凝器及氮氣入口,其由連接至礦物油起泡器之T管組件組成。向燒瓶中饋入4-溴-6-甲基-1-[(4-甲基苯基)磺醯基]-1,6-二氫-7H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-7-酮(化合物9,10.0g,26.2mmol)、4,4,4',4',5,5,5',5'-八甲基-2,2'-雙(1,3,2-二氧硼戊烷)(13g,52mmol,2.0當量)、二環己基(2',4',6'-三異丙基聯苯-2-基)膦(Xphos,1.2g,2.6mmol,0.1當量)、乙酸鉀(5.66g,57.7mmol,2.2當量)及1,4-二噁烷(110mL)。將混合物以氮氣脫氣5min,之後向混合物中添加參(二亞苄基丙酮)二鈀(0)(Pd2(dba)3,600mg,0.656mmol,0.025當量)且繼續氮氣脫氣1-2min。隨後將反應混合物加熱至80℃且在80-86℃下攪拌19h。當HPLC指示反應完成時,將反應混合物冷卻至室溫。添加2-甲氧基-2-甲基丙烷(MTBE,50mL)及矽膠(SiO2,8g)且將混合物在室溫下攪拌30min。將混合物經矽膠墊過濾且以MTBE洗滌矽膠墊。將經合併之濾液在減壓下濃縮且藉由急驟管柱(矽膠,在己烷中0-80% EtOAc之梯度)純化殘餘物以產生棕色至紅色油狀物之6-甲基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧硼戊烷-2-基)-1-甲苯磺醯基-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-7(6H)-酮(化合物15,9.5g,11.22g理論值,84.7%),其經在真空下在室溫下靜置而固化。化合物15:C21H25BN2O5S(M+H)+之LCMS計算值,(2M+Na)+:m/z 429.3,879.3;實驗值:429.1,879.3。
在周圍溫度下,以氟化銫(CsF,33.9g,223mmol,3.46當量)及4-(二第三丁基膦基)-N,N-二甲基苯胺-二氯鈀(2:1)(2.0g,2.8mmol,0.043當量)處理8-溴-2,2,4-三甲基-6-(甲磺醯基)-2H-1,4-苯并噁嗪-3(4H)-酮(化合物6,22.4g,64.5mmol)及6-甲基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧硼戊烷-2-基)-1-甲苯磺醯基-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-7(6H)-酮(化合物15,29.0g,67.7mmol,1.05當量)在1,4-二噁烷(350mL)及水(80mL)中之溶液。隨後使所得反應混合物脫氣三次且每次均填充穩定之氮氣流。隨後將反應混合物加熱至回流歷時2-3小時。一旦HPLC展示偶合反應完成,則將反應混合物逐漸冷卻至30℃,之後添加水(300mL)及2-甲氧基-2-甲基丙烷(MTBE,300mL)。隨後將混合物在周圍溫度下攪拌15min,之後分離兩層。以甲氧基-2-甲基丙烷(MTBE,100mL)萃取含水層。將經合併之萃取物以低亞硫酸鈉(40g)在水(200mL)中之溶液處理且將所得混合物在周圍溫度下攪拌2小時。藉由過濾收集固體,以水洗滌且在真空爐中乾燥隔夜以產生第一批所需產物2,2,4-三甲基-8-(6-甲基-7-側氧基-1-甲苯磺醯基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-4-基)-6-(甲磺醯基)-2H-苯并[b][1,4]噁嗪-3(4H)-酮(化合物8,20.0g,36.74g理論值,54.4%產率),其呈灰白色至黃色粉末狀,不經進一步純化即直接用於後續反應中。
分離兩層濾液,且將有機層經MgSO4干擾且在減壓下濃縮。隨後藉由管柱層析(SiO2,以己烷中40-100%之EtOAc梯度溶離)純化殘餘物以產生第二批所需化合物2,2,4-三甲基-8-(6-甲基-7-側氧基-1-甲苯磺醯基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-4-基)-6-(甲磺醯基)-2H-苯并[b][1,4]噁嗪-3(4H)-酮(化合物8,13.8g,36.74g理論值,37.5產率;總計33.8g,91.9產率),
其呈粉紅色油狀,在室溫下在真空下固化且不經進一步純化即直接用於後續反應中。
已發現由此替代合成方法產生之各批化合物8與由流程3中所述之初始合成產生之材料相同。隨後根據流程3中所述之相同程序將此材料轉化為化合物1。
形式I及形式II之化合物1由XRPD來表徵。由Bruker D2 PHASER X光粉末繞射儀器獲得XRPD。XRPD之通用實驗程序為:(1)藉由Kβ濾波器及LYNXEYETM偵測器,在1.054056Å下來自銅之X光輻射;(2)在30kV,10mA下之X光粉末;及(3)將樣品粉末分散於零背景樣品架上。XRPD之通用量測條件為:起始角度5度;終止角度30度;採樣0.015度;且掃描速度2度/分鐘。
形式I之XRPD圖案展示於圖1中且在表1中提供XRPD資料。
形式II之化合物1的XRPD圖案展示於圖4中且在表2中提供XRPD資料。
由DSC表徵形式I及形式II之化合物1。由具有自動採樣器之TA儀器差示掃描熱量測定,型號Q2000獲得DSC。DSC儀器之條件如下:25-300℃,以10℃/min;Tzero鋁樣品盤及蓋;且氮氣流速為50mL/min。
形式I之DSC溫譜圖展示於圖2中。形式I之DSC溫譜圖表明在264.7℃之起始溫度下之主要吸熱事件,峰溫為266.4℃,咸信此時化合物熔融/分解。
形式II之DSC溫譜圖展示於圖5中。形式II之DSC溫譜圖表明在266.7℃之起始溫度下之主要吸熱事件,峰溫為267.5℃,咸信此時化合物熔融/分解。
由TGA表徵形式I及形式II之化合物1。由PerkinElmer熱重分析儀型號Pyris 1獲得TGA。TGA之通用實驗條件為:以10℃/min自25℃斜升至350℃;氮氣淨化氣體流速為60mL/min;陶瓷坩堝樣品架。
形式I之TGA溫譜圖展示於圖3中。在高達150℃下觀測到約0.4%之重量損失,且咸信與水分或殘餘溶劑之損失相關。在250℃以上觀測到顯著重量損失且咸信與化合物分解相關。
形式II之TGA溫譜圖展示於圖6中。在250℃以上觀測到顯著重量損失且咸信與化合物分解相關。
根據下文表3中之程序製備形式Ia、III、IV、V、Va、VI、VII、VIII、IX、X、XI、XII、XIII、XIV及XV及非晶形之化合物1。由XRPD(參見實例6)、DSC(參見實例7)及TGA(參見實例8)對該等形式進行分析。
對實例5之各種形式進行XRPD研究。由Rigaku MiniFlex X光粉末繞射儀(XRPD)獲得X光粉末繞射(XRPD)。XRPD之通用實驗程序為:(1)藉由Kβ濾波器,在1.054056Å下來自銅之X光輻射;(2)在30KV,15mA下之X光粉末;及(3)將樣品粉末分散於零背景樣品架上。XRPD之通用量
測條件為:起始角度3度;終止角度45度;採樣0.02度;且掃描速度2度/分鐘。
圖7-21分別為形式Ia、III、IV、V、Va、VI、VII、VIII、IX、X、XI、XII、XIII、XIV及XV之XRPD圖案。表4-18分別為形式Ia、III、IV、V、Va、VI、VII、VIII、IX、X、XI、XII、XIII、XIV及XV之峰列表。使用XRPD分析來自實例6之非晶形固體且確定為非晶形。
對形式Va、VII、VIII、X、XII、XIII、XIV及XV進行DSC研究。由具有自動採樣器之TA儀器差示掃描熱量測定,型號Q200獲得DSC。DSC儀器之條件如下:30-300℃,以10℃/min;Tzero鋁樣品盤及蓋;且氮氣流速為50mL/min。
在形式Va、VII、VIII、X、XIII及XV上進行TGA研究。由TA儀器熱重分析儀型號Q500獲得TGA。TGA之通用實驗條件為:以20℃/min
自20℃斜升至600℃;氮氣淨化氣體流速為40mL/min;繼而為剩餘之淨化流;樣品淨化流速為60mL/min;鉑樣品盤。
下表19展示DSC及TGA之結果。
除本文所述彼等以外,熟習此項技術者由上文描述將顯而易見本發明之各種修改。該等修改亦欲在隨附申請專利範圍之範疇內。本申請中引用之每一參考文獻,包括所有專利、專利申請及公開案,均以全文引用之方式併入本文中。
Claims (45)
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之固體形式,其具有如圖1中所示之XRPD圖案。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項至第2項中任一項之固體形式,其具有以266℃(±3℃)溫度下之吸熱峰為特徵之DSC溫譜圖。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項至第2項中任一項之固體形式,其具有如圖2中所示之DSC溫譜圖。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項至第2項中任一項之固體形式,其具有如圖3中所示之TGA溫譜圖。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之固體形式,其具有如圖4中所示之XRPD圖案。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或6項中任一項之固體形式,其具有以268℃±3℃溫度下之吸熱峰為特徵之DSC溫譜圖。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或6項中任一項之固體形式,其具有如圖5中所示之DSC溫譜圖。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或6項中任一項之固體形式,其具有如圖6中所示之TGA溫譜圖。
- 一種醫藥組合物,其包含如申請專利範圍第1項至第9項中任一項之固體形式及至少一種醫藥學上可接受之載劑。
- 一種體外抑制BET蛋白之方法,其包括使如申請專利範圍第1項至第9項中任一項之固體形式或如申請專利範圍第10項之醫藥組合物與該BET蛋白接觸。
- 一種如申請專利範圍第1項至第9項中任一項之固體形式或如申請專利範圍第10項之醫藥組合物之用途,其係用於製備治療與BET蛋白相關之疾病或病況之藥劑,其中該疾病或病況包含增殖性病症、自體免疫或發炎性疾病、或病毒感染。
- 一種如申請專利範圍第1項至第9項中任一項之固體形式或如申請專利範圍第10項之醫藥組合物之用途,其係用於製備治療增殖性病症之藥劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第13項之用途,其中該增殖性病症為癌症。
- 如申請專利範圍第14項之用途,其中該癌症為血液癌症。
- 如申請專利範圍第14項之用途,其中該癌症為腺癌、膀胱癌、胚細胞瘤、骨癌、乳癌、腦癌、腺癌、髓樣肉瘤、宮頸癌、結腸 直腸癌、食道癌、胃腸癌、多形性膠質母細胞瘤、神經膠質瘤、膽囊癌、胃癌、頭頸癌、霍奇金氏淋巴瘤(Hodgkin's lymphoma)、非霍奇金氏淋巴瘤(non-Hodgkin's lymphoma)、腸癌、腎癌、喉癌(laryngeal cancer)、白血病、肺癌、淋巴瘤、肝癌、小細胞肺癌、非小細胞肺癌、間皮瘤、多發性骨髓瘤、AML、DLBCL、眼癌、視神經腫瘤、口腔癌、卵巢癌、垂體腫瘤、原發性中樞神經系統淋巴瘤、前列腺癌、胰腺癌、咽喉癌(pharyngeal cancer)、腎細胞癌、直腸癌、肉瘤、皮膚癌、脊髓腫瘤、小腸癌、胃癌、T細胞性白血病、T細胞淋巴瘤、睾丸癌、甲狀腺癌、喉癌(throat cancer)、泌尿生殖癌、尿路上皮癌、子宮癌、陰道癌或威爾姆氏腫瘤(Wilms' tumor)。
- 如申請專利範圍第14項之用途,其中該癌症為多發性骨髓瘤、AML或DLBCL。
- 如申請專利範圍第13項之用途,其中該增殖性病症為非癌性增殖性病症。
- 一種如申請專利範圍第1項至第9項中任一項之固體形式或如申請專利範圍第10項之醫藥組合物之用途,其係用於製備治療自體免疫或發炎性疾病之藥劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第19項之用途,其中該自體免疫或發炎性疾病係選自過敏、過敏性鼻炎、關節炎、氣喘、慢性阻塞性肺病、退化性關節病、皮炎、器官排斥反應、濕疹、肝炎、發炎性腸病、多發性硬化症、重症肌無力、牛皮癬、敗血症、敗血症候群、敗血性休克、全身性紅斑狼瘡、組織移植排斥反應及I型糖尿病。
- 一種如申請專利範圍第1項至第9項中任一項之固體形式或如申請專利範圍第10項之醫藥組合物之用途,其係用於製備治療病毒感染之藥劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第21項之用途,其中該病毒感染為腺病毒、艾普斯坦-巴爾病毒(Epstein-Barr virus)、B型肝炎病毒、C型肝炎病毒、皰疹病毒、人類免疫缺乏病毒、人類乳頭狀瘤病毒或痘病毒之感染。
- 如申請專利範圍第23項之方法,其中藉由(1)降低該化合物1之溶液的溫度、(2)濃縮該化合物1之溶液、(3)向該化合物1之溶液中添加反溶劑或(4)其任意組合來進行該沈澱。
- 如申請專利範圍第23項之方法,其中該形式I之製備包括:(ia)將該化合物1之溶液加熱至50℃(±3℃)至60℃(±3℃)之溫度;(iia)在50℃(±3℃)至60℃(±3℃)之溫度下減小該化合物1之溶液的體積以形成體積減小之化合物1之溶液; (iiia)向該體積減小之化合物1之溶液中添加反溶劑,同時將溫度維持在55℃(±3℃)至65℃(±3℃)以形成化合物1之熱溶液;及(iva)將該化合物1之熱溶液冷卻至15℃(±3℃)至30℃(±3℃)之溫度以沈澱形式I。
- 如申請專利範圍第23項至第25項中任一項之方法,其中該形式I之製備包括:(ib)將該化合物1之溶液加熱至50℃(±3℃)至60℃(±3℃)之溫度,其中該溶液包含甲醇及丙酮作為溶劑;(iib)在50℃(±3℃)至60℃(±3℃)之溫度下減小該化合物1之溶液的體積以形成體積減小之化合物1之溶液;(iiib)向該體積減小之化合物1之溶液中添加正庚烷,同時將溫度維持在55℃(±3℃)至65℃(±3℃)以形成化合物1之熱溶液;及(ivb)將該化合物1之熱溶液冷卻至15℃(±3℃)至30℃(±3℃)之溫度以沈澱形式I。
- 如申請專利範圍第27項之方法,其中藉由(1)降低該化合物1之溶液的溫度、(2)濃縮該化合物1之溶液、(3)向該化合物1之溶液中添加反溶劑或(4)其任意組合來進行該沈澱。
- 如申請專利範圍第27項之方法,其中該形式II之製備包括:(ic)將該化合物1之溶液加熱至50℃(±3℃)至60℃(±3℃)之溫度;(iic)在50℃(±3℃)至60℃(±3℃)之溫度下減小該化合物1之溶液的體積以形成體積減小之化合物1之溶液;(iiic)向該體積減小之化合物1之溶液中添加反溶劑,同時將溫度維持在55℃(±3℃)至65℃(±3℃)以形成化合物1之熱溶液;及(ivc)將該化合物1之熱溶液冷卻至15℃(±3℃)至30℃(±3℃)之溫度以沈澱形式II。
- 如申請專利範圍第30項之方法,其中B1為鹼金屬氫氧化物鹼。
- 如申請專利範圍第30項之方法,其中在第一溶劑中進行化合物8與B1之該反應。
- 如申請專利範圍第33項或第34項之方法,其中P2為鈀催化劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第33項至第34項中任一項之方法,其中B2為鹼金屬碳酸氫鹽鹼。
- 如申請專利範圍第33項至第34項中任一項之方法,其中在第二溶劑中進行該化合物7與化合物9之反應。
- 如申請專利範圍第39項之方法,其中B3為鹼金屬乙酸鹽鹼。
- 如申請專利範圍第39項之方法,其中在第三溶劑中進行該化合物6與4,4,4',4',5,5,5',5'-八甲基-2,2'-雙(1,3,2-二氧硼戊烷)之反應。
- 如申請專利範圍第39項之方法,其中在70℃(±3℃)至90℃(±3℃)之溫度下進行該化合物6與4,4,4',4',5,5,5',5'-八甲基-2,2'-雙(1,3,2-二氧硼戊烷)之反應。
- 如申請專利範圍第43項之方法,其中P4為鈀催化劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第43項之方法,其中在第四溶劑中進行該化合物6與化合物15之反應。
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