TWI422606B - 以共軛二烯或以共軛二烯及乙烯基芳族化合物為基質之改質聚合物,其製備方法及其用途 - Google Patents
以共軛二烯或以共軛二烯及乙烯基芳族化合物為基質之改質聚合物,其製備方法及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI422606B TWI422606B TW097131055A TW97131055A TWI422606B TW I422606 B TWI422606 B TW I422606B TW 097131055 A TW097131055 A TW 097131055A TW 97131055 A TW97131055 A TW 97131055A TW I422606 B TWI422606 B TW I422606B
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- Prior art keywords
- modified polymer
- compound
- polymer according
- diisocyanate
- butadiene
- Prior art date
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims description 62
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 32
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- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003606 tin compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L tin(ii) 2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound [Sn+2].CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O.CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,6-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=C(N=C=O)C=CC=C1N=C=O RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AAAQKTZKLRYKHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylmethane Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 AAAQKTZKLRYKHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004636 vulcanized rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/67—Unsaturated compounds having active hydrogen
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- C08C19/42—Addition of a reagent which reacts with a hetero atom or a group containing hetero atoms of the macromolecule reacting with metals or metal-containing groups
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- C08F257/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of aromatic monomers as defined in group C08F12/00
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- C08F279/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of monomers having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds as defined in group C08F36/00
- C08F279/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of monomers having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds as defined in group C08F36/00 on to polymers of conjugated dienes
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- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/30—Introducing nitrogen atoms or nitrogen-containing groups
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- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
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Description
本發明有關一種含有雜原子之偶合改質二烯聚合物,有關其製備,及亦有關其用途。
已知方法(特別是用於輪胎建造)使用特別適合於鍵結(偶合)以共軛二烯為基質或以共軛二烯及乙烯基芳族化合物為基質的活性(或較佳為活性)之以鹼金屬為末端之聚合物此目的之有機或無機化合物,該結果特別為改善加工性質且亦改善物理與動力性質,特別是與輪胎滾動阻力有關係者。
用於工業所述橡膠之鍵結劑/偶合劑,不僅為非常廣泛變化具有能夠與活性聚合物鍵結的適當基之有機化合物,如環氧基(德國Auslegeschrift 19 857 768)、異氰酸酯基、醛基、酮基、酯基、及鹵素基,特別是矽或錫之對應化合物(EP-A 0 890 580及EP-A 0 930 318),如其鹵化物、硫化物或醯胺。德國Auslegeschrift 19 803 039敘述一種橡膠組成物,其欲用於高效能輪胎胎面,且某些該等下面的橡膠已使用錫、磷、鎵或矽之化合物偶合。
同樣地有各種已知方法使聚二烯端基官能化。對於由含釹系統催化之聚丁二烯而言,所用化合物實例為環氧化物、來自酮或醛之經取代酮基化合物,其它實例為酸衍生物及經取代的異氰酸酯,如舉例說明敘述於US-A
4906706。另一個端基改質之已知方法使用雙重官能化試劑。此等使用極性官能基與聚二烯反應,且藉由使用分子中第二個極性官能基與填料交互作用,如舉例說明敘述於WO 01/34658或US-A 6992147。
若干迄今所用鍵結劑具有相當多伴隨的不利條件,且以由稀土族(特別由含釹系統)催化之二烯聚合反應舉例說明,其導致端基改質且因此不適合作為偶合劑。
於是本發明目的係提供一種改質二烯聚合物,其迴避迄今所用改質聚合物之不利條件並改善併入橡膠混合物之容易度及所得橡膠模製品之機械/動力性質。特別意圖改良撕裂擴展性質。
令人驚訝地,使用根據本發明改質之聚合物現在可避免上述使用已知改質聚合物製造橡膠模製品之不利條件。
本發明因此提供一種根據下式(I)以共軛二烯或以共軛二烯及乙烯基芳族化合物為基質之改質聚合物:〔BR〕n-PUR其中BR=二烯聚合物,乙烯基芳族-二烯共聚物,PUR=主聚胺甲酸酯單元且n為大於或等於2,較佳為2至10。
就本發明之目的而言,所用的主聚胺甲酸酯單元較佳包括由多官能異氰酸酯及/或硫代異氰酸酯(組分A)與多
官能H-酸化合物(組分B)組成之產物混合物。
所用的組分A可包括多官能異氰酸酯及/或硫代異氰酸酯之化合物,其舉例說明敘述於Ullmann’s Enzyklopdie der technischen Chemie〔Ullmann’s Encyclopaedia of Industrial Chemistry〕,第4版,Weinheim:Verlag Chemie,19卷,1980,第303至304頁及13卷,1977,第347至358頁或W.Siefken於Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie,562,第75至136頁。
組分A包含至少一種下列結構之化合物Q〔NCX〕q,其中q=大於或等於2之數,X=O或S,較佳為O,且Q為具有4至1000個碳原子(較佳為6至500個碳原子)之寡聚物結構,其中此結構可含有雙鍵;或Q為具有2至200個碳原子(較佳為6至100個碳原子)之脂族烴基、具有4至200個碳原子(較佳為5至10個碳原子)之環脂族烴基、具有6至200個碳原子(較佳為6至13個碳原子)之芳香族烴基、或具有8至200個碳原子(較佳為8至12個碳原子)之芳脂族烴基,其中若適當,所述的寡聚物、脂族、環脂族、芳香族及芳脂族烴基含有一個或多個來自O、N、S組群之雜原子。
組分A之適合化合物實例為伸乙二異氰酸酯,例如四亞甲1,4-二異氰酸酯;六亞甲1,6-二異氰酸酯(「HDI」);
十二烷1,12-二異氰酸酯;環丁烷1,3-二異氰酸酯;環己烷1,3-及1,4-二異氰酸酯;1-異氰酸根合-3,3,5-三甲基-5-異氰酸根合甲基環己烷;2,4-及2,6-六氫甲苯二異氰酸酯;二環己基-甲烷-4,4'-二異氰酸酯(「氫化MDI」或「HMDI」);1,3-及1,4-伸苯二異氰酸酯;2,4-及2,6-甲苯二異氰酸酯(「TDI」);二苯基甲烷-2,4'-及/或-4,4'-二異氰酸酯(「MDI」);伸萘1,5-二異氰酸酯;三苯基甲烷4,4',4"-三異氰酸酯;聚亞甲基聚(苯基異氰酸酯),經苯胺與甲醛縮合接著經光氣法(「MDI」)而獲得之化合物;降莰烷二異氰酸酯;間-及對-異氰酸根合苯基磺醯基異氰酸酯;可呈現碳二醯亞胺基、胺甲酸基、脲甲酸基、三聚異氰酸基、或脲基之改質聚異氰酸酯;或寡聚物化合物,例如液體二烯聚合物,其具有異氰酸基,如含異氰酸基的聚丁二烯(Krasol® LBD2000及3000),其中異氰酸基可由含羥基的聚二烯(如以Krasol® LBH所示基本類型之化合物)與二異氰酸酯反應而形成。
同樣地有可能使用由多官能異氰酸酯及/或硫代異氰酸酯(組分A)與下述多官能H-酸化合物(組分B)組成之反應產物,此等含有游離異氰酸基。
較佳使用可溶或互溶於非極性脂族、環脂族或芳香族溶劑之化合物。此處給予較佳者為HDI、MDI、HMDI、TDI或Krasol® LBD類型之異氰酸酯,此等易於商業可得。
就本發明之目的而言,所用的組分B可包括多官能H-酸化合物,其中尤其為硫醇類、醇類及/或胺類,如舉例
說明敘述於Ullmann’s Encyklopdie der technischen Chemie[Ullmann's Encyclopaedia of Industrial Chemistry],第4版,Weinheim:Verlag Chemie,19卷,1980,第31至38頁及第304至306頁。
組分B包含至少一種結構B之化合物T〔YH〕p,其中p=大於或等於2之數,Y=O、S或NR,其中R為氫、具有2至200個碳原子(較佳為3至10個碳原子)之脂族烴基、具有4至200個碳原子(較佳為5至10個碳原子)之環脂族烴基、具有6至200個碳原子(較佳為6至13個碳原子)之芳香族烴基、或具有8至200個碳原子(較佳為8至12個碳原子)之芳脂族烴基,其中若適當,所述的脂族、環脂族、芳香族及芳脂族烴基各含有一個或多個來自O、N、S組群之雜原子。T為具有2至1000個碳原子(較佳為2至100個碳原子)之寡聚物結構,其中此結構可含有雙鍵且舉例說明已經由二烯類與含OH的共聚單體之聚合、經由二烯類與含環氧基的共聚單體之聚合、或以含OH的基團經隨後水解或取代寡聚物而形成;或T為具有2至200個碳原子(較佳為2至10個碳原子)之脂族烴基、具有4至200個碳原子(較佳為5至10個碳原子)之環脂族烴基、具有6至200個碳原子(較佳為6至13個碳原子)之芳香族烴基、或具
有8至200個碳原子(較佳為8至12個碳原子)之芳脂族烴基,其中若適當,所述的寡聚物、脂族、環脂族、芳香族及芳脂族烴基各含有一或多個來自O、N、S組群之雜原子。
同樣地有可能使用由多官能H-酸化合物與上述多官能異氰酸酯及硫代異氰酸酯組成之反應產物,其中此等含有游離H-酸基。
較佳使用可溶於非極性脂族、環脂族或芳香族溶劑或與非極性脂族、環脂族或芳香族溶劑互溶之化合物。此處較佳使用之化合物為以Krasol® LBH所代表類型之H-酸化合物、乙二醇、甘油、及以二羥苯所代表示類型之經取代與未經取代化合物,實例為第三丁基兒茶酚或1,2-、1,3-及1,4-二羥苯,此等化合物易於商業可得。
PUR觸媒可於與多官能H-酸化合物反應期間存在。添加PUR觸媒可在任何所欲時刻發生。有利者為在二烯聚合物與組分(A)化合物反應後添加PUR觸媒。可使用之PUR觸媒包括舉例說明敘述於Ullmann's Encyklopdie der technischen Chemie[Ullmann's Encyclopaedia of Industrial Chemistry],第4版,Weinheim:Verlag Chemie,19卷,1980,第306頁之任何已知化合物。特別有利者為使用錫化合物及胺類,實例為二月桂酸二丁錫、辛酸亞錫或1,4-二吖雙環[2.2.2]辛烷。
就本發明之目的而言,術語BR包含二烯聚合物及乙烯基芳族-二烯共聚物,係由共軛二烯類製備,如1,3-丁
二烯、2,3-二甲基-1,3-丁二烯、3-丁基-1,3-辛二烯、異戊二烯、1,3-戊二烯、1,3-己二烯、1,3-辛二烯、或2-苯基-1,3-丁二烯,較佳為1,3-丁二烯及異戊二烯,或係由上述共軛二烯與如苯乙烯及二乙烯基苯之乙烯基芳族製備,較佳為1,3-丁二烯、異戊二烯及苯乙烯。
本發明改質聚合物之平均莫耳質量(Mw)(使用GPC=凝膠透析層析決定)為50 000至1 500 000 g/mol,較佳為200 000至700 000 g/mol。
定量比BR:PUR可廣泛變化。此處PUR被視為全體組分A及B。基於重量比(g/g)之定量比BR:PUR為100:0.01至30,較佳為100:0.02至10,及特佳為100:0.05至5。
本發明進一步提供一種製備本發明聚合物之方法,其中含有共軛二烯類之化合物首先單獨或與乙烯基芳族化合物一起聚合,然後此等聚合物與多官能異氰酸酯及/或硫代異氰酸酯之化合物反應,且隨後取得之聚合物溶液與多官能H-酸化合物(較佳為硫醇類、醇類及/或胺類)反應。
本發明偶合及改質聚合物較佳以三個步驟製備。第一步驟製備二烯聚合物及/或乙烯基芳族-二烯共聚物。
製備本發明聚合物之第一步驟通常以觸媒系統與各自單體(monomer)反應或與單體群(monomers)反應之方式進行,以形成聚合物。
BR組分然後經先前技藝已知的方法於此處製備。此處所用的觸媒較佳包括稀土金屬化合物,如更詳細舉例說
明敘述於EP-A 011184或EP-A 1245600。有可能使用已知於聚合反應之任何戚格勒-納他(Ziegler-Natta)觸媒,實例為以鈦、鈷、釩或鎳之化合物為基質者,或其它以稀土金屬之化合物為基質者。所述的戚格勒-納他觸媒可單獨或相互以混合物使用。同樣地有可能使用陰離子觸媒,如以丁基鋰為基質之系統。較佳使用以稀土金屬之化合物為基質的戚格勒-納他觸媒,實例為鈰、鑭、鐠、釓或釹之化合物,其中此等可溶於烴。稀土金屬之對應鹽特佳使用作為戚格勒-納他觸媒,實例為羧酸釹,特別是新癸酸釹、辛酸釹、環烷酸釹、2,2-二乙基己酸釹或2,2-二乙基庚酸釹,及亦為鑭或鐠之對應鹽。可使用之戚格勒-納他觸媒此外亦包含以金屬芳香類為基質之觸媒系統,如舉例說明敘述於下列參考文獻:EP-A 919 574、EP-A 1025136及EP-A 1078939。
聚合反應可由慣常方法以一或多個階段且分別批式或連續進行。以複數個(較佳至少2,特別是2至5)反應器串聯組成之串級反應器的連續方法為較佳。
此聚合反應可於溶劑及/或溶劑混合物中進行。較佳為惰性非質子性溶劑,實例為石蠟烴,例如異構戊烷類、己烷類、庚烷類、辛烷類、癸烷類、2,4-三甲基戊烷、環戊烷、環己烷、甲基環己烷、乙基環己烷或1,4-二甲基環己烷,或如苯、甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯、二乙苯或丙苯之芳香族烴類。此等溶劑可個別或組合使用。較佳者為給予環己烷及正-己烷。同樣有可能與極性溶劑摻合。
本發明方法中溶劑用量,以100g的所用單體之全體量為基準,一般為1000至100g,較佳為500至150g。當然亦可能在缺少溶劑情況下使所用單體聚合。
聚合反應較佳在有上述惰性非質子性溶劑參與情況下進行。
聚合溫度可廣泛變化且一般在0℃至200℃範圍內,較佳為40℃至130℃。反應時間同樣地廣泛變化自數分鐘至數小時。聚合一般在約30分鐘至8小時周期內進行,較佳為1至4小時。其可在大氣壓或升壓(1至10巴)下進行。
本發明不飽和單體之聚合在有上述戚格勒-納他觸媒參與情況下較佳可進行到所用單體完全轉化的程度。當然亦有可能過早地中斷聚合反應,視聚合物所欲性質而定,例如在約80%轉化之單體。未轉化的二烯可舉例說明在聚合反應後藉由閃蒸階段(flash stage)移除。
第二步驟中,在聚合反應後,二烯聚合物或乙烯基芳族-二烯共聚物與多官能異氰酸酯及/或硫代異氰酸酯之化合物反應。進行的溶劑或溶劑混合物較佳與用於製備二烯聚合物或乙烯基芳族-二烯共聚物之非質子性有機溶劑或溶劑混合物相同。當然亦有可能改變溶劑/溶劑混合物或將多官能異氰酸酯及/或硫代異氰酸酯添加至另一種溶劑。可使用之非質子性有機溶劑實例為:戊烷、己烷、庚烷、環己烷、甲基環戊烷、苯、甲苯及乙苯,較佳給予為己烷、環己烷及甲苯,非常特佳給予為己烷。
二烯聚合物或乙烯基芳族-二烯共聚物與化合物之反應較佳為沒有中間單離聚合物下就地(in-situ)進行,且此處二烯聚合物或乙烯基芳族-二烯共聚物在聚合反應後,首次與多官能異氰酸酯及/或硫代異氰酸酯之化合物(組分A)反應。
此反應期間,較佳為排除可損害反應之分裂性化合物。此等分裂性化合物實例為二氧化碳、氧、水、醇類、及有機及無機酸。
有機溶劑用量可藉由適當的初步實驗而容易地決定,且以100g所用單體之全體量為基準,一般為100至1000g,較佳為150至500g。
本發明方法一般在0℃至200℃溫度下進行,較佳為30℃至130℃。反應可同樣地在大氣壓或升壓(1至10巴)下進行。
反應時間較佳為相當短。其在約1分鐘至約1小時的範圍內。
第三步驟中,此當時獲得之聚合物溶液然後較佳在沒有中間單離聚合物下就地與多官能H-酸化合物(較佳為硫醇類、醇及/或胺類)(組分B)反應。
對於所得聚合物溶液與組分B之反應而言,可同樣地使用PUR觸媒。此可包含上述所列之PUR觸媒。
以聚合物為基準,PUR觸媒用量自10至1000ppm可加速反應。反應在0℃至150℃溫度下進行,較佳為30℃至130℃。反應可跟隨著由滴定NCO含量或以2260至
2275cm-1
之IR光譜評估NCO譜帶。低於24小時之反應時間一般是足夠的。
本發明偶合及改質聚合物之分子量可廣泛變化。對於本發明聚合物之慣常應用而言,數量平均分子量為約100000至約2000000範圍內。
處理期間,有可能用如上述含有活性氫之終止劑處理反應混合物,實例為醇類或水或適當的混合物。此外,在單離改質聚合物前將抗氧化劑添加至反應混合物為有利者。
本發明聚合物慣常地例如經由蒸汽蒸餾或經由使用適合絮凝劑(例如醇)之絮凝作用而單離。然後舉例來說,該絮凝聚合物藉由離心或擠壓自所得流體移除。剩餘溶劑及其它揮發性成分可自單離聚合物藉由加熱,若適當於減壓下或來自送風機的氣流中移除。
平常的摻合組成當然可添加至本發明聚合物,實例為填料、染料、顏料、軟化劑及強化劑。並且可添加已知的橡膠助劑及交聯劑。
本發明改質聚合物可用於已知方式製造硫化橡膠或製造任何種類的橡膠模製品。
當本發明偶合及改質聚合物用於輪胎混合物時,舉例來說,有可能對包括碳黑的複合材料及對包括矽氧的複合材料獲得顯著改善之撕裂擴展抗性。
本發明並提供一種本發明改質聚合物之用途,係用於製造輪胎與輪胎組分,及製造高爾夫球與工藝橡膠項目,
及製造橡膠強化塑膠與ABS塑膠與HIPS塑膠。
下列實施例用來說明本發明,但無作為結果的限制效力。
聚合反應於氮下以排除空氣及濕氣進行。使用乾燥及無氧工業級己烷作為溶劑。聚合反應在2L至20L容量之高壓釜中以適當的批式尺寸進行。
轉化率經重量決定;此處聚合物溶液在取得樣品後(仍具溶劑與單體)及於乾燥後(在65℃下於真空乾燥櫥櫃中)秤重。
使用大型轉子來自Alpha的設備,於預熱一分鐘後,在100℃下歷經4分鐘周期測量孟納(Mooney)ML 1+4(100)值。
將氫化二異丁鋁於己烷(DIBAH;Al(C4
H9
)2
H)的溶液、三氯三乙基化二鋁於己烷(EASC,Al2
(C2
H5
)3
Cl3
)的溶液以相對於新癸酸釹之等莫耳量以及新癸酸釹於己烷(NdV,Nd(O2
C10
H19
)3
)的溶液,於氮下經攪拌添加至13重量%1,3-丁二烯於工業級己烷的溶液於乾燥20L鋼反應器中。然後加熱混合物至預進料溫度73℃。反應於開始反應60分鐘後完成,且取得聚合物樣品。然後以100ml己烷用滴定方式經攪拌添加HDI(組分(A))。進一步30
分鐘後,以PUR觸媒月桂酸二丁錫與100ml己烷一起用滴定方式經攪拌添加乙二醇(組分(B))。在1小時的反應時間後,用溶於100ml己烷中之2.6g穩定劑Irganox 1520穩定該聚合物溶液,然後以約10升的乙醇沉澱聚合物並於60℃真空乾燥櫥櫃中乾燥。
所用的化合物(二烯聚合物、組分(A)及(B)、PUR觸媒)、該等之用量、及個別聚合物樣品改質及偶合之前與之後的孟納(Mooney)值係述於表1至4。
使用下列物質以研究混合物:
Claims (10)
- 一種改質聚合物,其係根據下式(I)以共軛二烯或以共軛二烯及乙烯基芳族為基質:〔BR〕n-PUR其中BR=二烯聚合物,乙烯基芳族-二烯共聚物,PUR=主聚胺甲酸酯單元,其中該主聚胺甲酸酯單元包括由多官能異氰酸酯及/或硫代異氰酸酯與多官能H-酸化合物組成之產物混合物,且n為大於或等於2。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項之改質聚合物,其特徵為所用的H-酸化合物包括硫醇類、醇類及/或胺類。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1或2項之改質聚合物,其特徵為所用的多官能異氰酸酯包括六亞甲1,6-二異氰酸酯、二環己基甲烷4,4'-二異氰酸酯、甲苯2,4-及2,6-二異氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷-2,4'-二異氰酸酯及/或二苯基甲烷4,4'-二異氰酸酯。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1或2項之改質聚合物,其特徵為所用的二烯聚合物包括由下列單體製備之化合物:1,3-丁二烯、2,3-二甲基-1,3-丁二烯、3-丁基-1,3-辛二烯、異戊二烯、1,3-戊二烯、1,3-己二烯、1,3-辛二烯、2-苯基-1,3-丁二烯。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1或2項之改質聚合物,其特徵為BR與PUR之重量比為至少100g:0.01g至30g。
- 根據申請專利範圍第3項之改質聚合物,其特徵為所用的二烯聚合物包括由下列單體製備之化合物:1,3-丁二烯、2,3-二甲基-1,3-丁二烯、3-丁基-1,3-辛二烯、異戊二烯、1,3-戊二烯、1,3-己二烯、1,3-辛二烯、2-苯基-1,3-丁二烯。
- 根據申請專利範圍第3項之改質聚合物,其特徵為BR與PUR之重量比為至少100g:0.01g至30g。
- 根據申請專利範圍第4項之改質聚合物,其特徵為BR與PUR之重量比為至少100g:0.01g至30g。
- 一種製備根據申請專利範圍第1至8項中任一項的改質聚合物之方法,其特徵為含有共軛二烯之化合物首先單獨或與乙烯基芳族化合物一起聚合,然後此等聚合物與多官能異氰酸酯及/或硫代異氰酸酯之化合物反應,以及之後以此獲得之聚合物溶液與多官能H-酸化合物反應。
- 一種根據申請專利範圍第1至8項中任一項的改質聚合物之用途,其係用於製造輪胎與輪胎組分,或製造HIPS塑膠與ABS塑膠,及製造高爾夫球。
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2007
- 2007-08-16 DE DE102007038442A patent/DE102007038442A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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2008
- 2008-08-08 US US12/672,695 patent/US20110251348A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-08-08 BR BRPI0815390-6A2A patent/BRPI0815390A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-08-08 EP EP08787042A patent/EP2181134A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-08-08 RU RU2010109440/04A patent/RU2446182C2/ru active
- 2008-08-08 KR KR1020107005706A patent/KR101259231B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2008-08-08 WO PCT/EP2008/060447 patent/WO2009021917A1/de active Application Filing
- 2008-08-08 JP JP2010520544A patent/JP2010536946A/ja active Pending
- 2008-08-08 CN CN2008801069276A patent/CN101802041B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-08-15 TW TW097131055A patent/TWI422606B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-08-16 SA SA08290507A patent/SA08290507B1/ar unknown
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2010
- 2010-02-15 ZA ZA2010/01080A patent/ZA201001080B/en unknown
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2014
- 2014-07-17 JP JP2014146583A patent/JP2014198855A/ja active Pending
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2181134A1 (de) | 2010-05-05 |
CN101802041A (zh) | 2010-08-11 |
SA08290507B1 (ar) | 2012-06-23 |
JP2010536946A (ja) | 2010-12-02 |
CN101802041B (zh) | 2013-11-06 |
JP2014198855A (ja) | 2014-10-23 |
KR101259231B1 (ko) | 2013-04-30 |
RU2446182C2 (ru) | 2012-03-27 |
ZA201001080B (en) | 2011-04-28 |
TW200920757A (en) | 2009-05-16 |
US20110251348A1 (en) | 2011-10-13 |
RU2010109440A (ru) | 2011-09-27 |
DE102007038442A1 (de) | 2009-02-19 |
KR20100054832A (ko) | 2010-05-25 |
WO2009021917A1 (de) | 2009-02-19 |
BRPI0815390A2 (pt) | 2015-02-10 |
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